Insurance Motorcycle Collision Report

December 2006 INSURANCE MR-06 2002-06 MOTORCYCLE Model Years COLLISION REPORT

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©2006 by the Highway Loss Data Institute, 1005 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201. All rights reserved. Distribution of this report is restricted. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Possession of this publication does not confer the right to print, reprint, publish, copy, sell, file, or use this material in any manner without the written permission of the copyright owner. Permission is hereby granted to companies that are members of the Highway Loss Data Institute to reprint, copy, or otherwise use this material for their own business purposes, provided that the copyright notice is clearly visible on the material.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

T P. Baum, Chairman, Nationwide T A.H. Gannon, Vice Chairman, United Services Automobile Association T R. Birchfield, AIG Agency Auto T H.L. Cohen, GEICO Indemnity Insurance Company T E. Connell, Erie Insurance Company T F.F. Cripe, Allstate Insurance Company T T.J. Ellefson, American Family Mutual Insurance Company T J. Feldmeier, Auto Club Group T D. Griffin, Property Casualty Insurers Association of America T S. Kelly, Progressive Insurance T A.R. Ledbetter, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company T S. Lin, Chubb Group of Insurance Companies T S. Miyao, California State Auto Association T T.G. Myers, High Point Insurance Group T D. Pickens, GMAC Insurance Group T B. Reddington, Kentucky Farm Bureau Insurance T J.A. Rochman, American Insurance Association T L. Shepherd, Safeco T L. Stiles, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company T B. Tucker, Farmers Insurance Group of Companies T J. White, The Hartford T A. Lund, Highway Loss Data Institute The membership of the Highway Loss Data Institute Board of Directors represents insurance companies that supply data to HLDI. Financial support for HLDI is provided through the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, which in turn is supported by automobile insurers.

CONTENTS

Summary...... 1

Introduction ...... 2

Best and Worst Motorcycle Collision Losses ...... 3

Table 1 Best Motorcycle Collision Losses, 2002-06 Model Years ...... 4

Table 2 Worst Motorcycle Collision Losses, 2002-06 Model Years ...... 5

Motorcycle Collision Losses by Class ...... 6

Table 3 Motorcycle Collision Losses by Model Year ...... 7

Figure 1 Relative Motorcycle Collision Claim Frequencies by Class, ...... 8 2002-06 Model Years

Figure 2 Relative Motorcycle Collision Average Loss Payments ...... 9 per Claim by Class, 2002-06 Model Years

Figure 3 Relative Motorcycle Collision Average Loss Payments ...... 9 per Insured Vehicle Year by Class, 2002-06 Model Years

Motorcycle Collision Losses by Time Period...... 10

Table 4 Motorcycle Collision Losses by Model Year and Calendar Year ...... 10

Motorcycle Collision Losses by Engine Displacement ...... 11

Figure 4 Motorcycle Collision Claim Frequencies by Class ...... 11 by Displacement Range, 2002-06 Model Years

Figure 5 Motorcycle Collision Average Loss Payments ...... 12 per Claim by Class by Displacement Range, 2002-06 Model Years

Figure 6 Motorcycle Collision Average Loss Payments ...... 12 per Insured Vehicle Year by Class by Displacement Range, 2002-06 Models

Motorcycle Collision Losses ...... 13

Table 5 Motorcycle Collision Losses, 2002-06 Model Years ...... 14

Choppers ...... 16

Table 6 Motorcycle Collision Exposure By Age, 2002-06 Model Years ...... 16

Appendix A Complete Motorcycle Series Listing ...... 17

Appendix B Motorcycle Classes Defined ...... 28

SUMMARY

This Highway Loss Data Institute report presents collision coverage insurance losses for motorcycles produced during model years 2002-06. Results are presented for all street legal motorcycle classes with at least 1,000 insured vehicle years of exposure or 100 claims. • The 2002-06 motorcycles combined had a collision claim frequency of 2.3 claims per 100 insured vehicle years and an average loss payment per claim of $5,298, resulting in a $124 average loss payment per insured vehicle year. • As a class, super sport motorcycles had the highest overall losses ($506 per insured vehicle year), almost four times higher than losses for touring motorcycles and more than six times higher than those for cruisers. • High overall collision losses are being driven by claim frequency, not severity. All of the motorcycles that appear on the highest overall losses list also appear on the highest claim frequencies list. None of the motorcycles that appear on the highest claim severities list appear on the list of motorcycles with the highest overall losses. The Harley Screaming Eagle Deuce, a 1,690 cubic centimeter (cc) cruiser, appears on the highest severity list. However, its claim frequency was so low that it also appears on the lowest frequency list. • Of the ten motorcycles with highest overall losses, nine were super sport motorcycles. The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R, a 1,000 cc super sport motorcycle, had the highest overall losses of more than nine times the all-motorcycle result. The Suzuki Hayabusa, a 1,300 cc sport motorcycle, was the only sport motorcycle among those with the highest overall losses, with losses more than four times the all-motorcycle result. • Eight of the ten motorcycles with the highest claim severities were Harleys. The Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide, a 1,690 cc touring motorcycle, had the highest claim severity of more than two times the all-motorcycle result. • Of the ten motorcycles with the lowest overall losses, four were scooters. The Honda Metropolitan, a 50 cc scooter, had overall losses that were 5 percent of the all-motorcycle result. • All of the motorcycles with the lowest claim severities had engine displacements at or below 500 cc. Five of the ten motorcycles with the lowest severities were scooters.

INTRODUCTION

Collision coverage results for all street legal motorcycles produced in model years 2002- 06 form the basis of this Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) report. To provide informa- tion on as many motorcycles as possible, collision data for 2002-06 models are combined for those motorcycles with basic designs that remained unchanged during these model years. Some motorcycle versions are grouped into combined series. Combined series never include different engine displacements. These combined series are listed in Appendix A. Scooters also have been included in this report. It is important to note that some states do not require scooters to be registered if their engine displacements are 50 cubic centimeters (cc) or less. Results for all 2002-06 motorcycles are included in the overall totals and in the separate totals for class subgroups in the principal table (Table 5). Results are presented for individual motorcycles with at least 1,000 insured vehicle years of exposure or 100 claims. A total of 88 motorcycles met this reporting criterion. Loss results for choppers are included on page 16. Results for these motorcycles are not included in the all-motorcycle result set because the amount of data HLDI has for individual choppers is sparse. HLDI has collected coverage and loss data for off-road individual motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, and off-road utility vehicles, but results for these vehicles are not included in this report. Results are presented by motorcycle class. A detailed description of classes is contained in Appendix B and the HLDI Motorcycle Technical Appendix. This report is based on collision coverage and loss data supplied by 15 insurers: AIG, American Family, American National Property and Casualty, Auto Club Group, Automobile Insurers Bureau of Massachusetts, California State Automobile Association, Chubb, Erie, Farmers, GEICO, The Hartford, Liberty, Nationwide, State Farm, and Tennessee Farm Bureau. Coverage and losses from both standard and nonstandard risk are included. Unlike HLDI reports on passenger vehicles, results in this report have not been standardized for age or deductible. A table that shows age distribution by class has been included on page 16.

BEST AND WORST MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES

Results for individual motorcycles are presented in relative terms, with the value 100 rep- resenting the result for all motorcycles combined. Table 1 lists the motorcycles with the lowest overall collision losses including scooters, dual purpose motorcycles, or cruisers. No standard, unclad sport, sport, or super sport motorcycles were among those with the lowest losses. The Honda Metropolitan, a 50 cc scooter, had the lowest overall losses, with losses just 5 percent of the all-motorcycle result. Engine displacements tended to be relatively small among the motorcycles with the lowest losses. The largest engine (750 cc) was found on the Honda Shadow Ace. Table 2 lists the motorcycles with the highest collision losses. Nine of the ten motorcycles with highest overall losses were in the super sport class. The Kawasaki Ninja ZX- 10R, a 1,000 cc super sport motorcycle, had the highest overall losses of more than nine times the all-motorcycle result. The Suzuki Hayabusa, a 1,300 cc sport class motorcycle, was the only sport motorcycle among those with the highest overall losses, with losses more than four times the all-motorcycle result. Five of the ten motorcycles with the highest overall losses had engine displacements that were 1,000 cc or larger.

TABLE 1 BEST MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED VEHICLE MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT CLASS YEARS) RESULT*

RELATIVE CLAIM FREQUENCY Honda XR650 650 Dual Purpose 1,406 21 Kawasaki KLR650 650 Dual Purpose 2,708 25 Suzuki DR-Z400S 400 Dual Purpose 2,356 25 Honda Metropolitan 50 Scooter 3,210 31 BMW R1150RT 1,150 Sport 2,730 39 Honda Shadow Ace 750 750 Cruiser 9,843 40 Honda Rebel 250 Cruiser 4,938 40 Harley Screaming Eagle Deuce 1,690 Cruiser 1,391 40 Yamaha Vino 50 Scooter 2,160 42 BMW F650GS 650 Dual Purpose 1,492 43

RELATIVE AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER CLAIM Honda Metropolitan 50 Scooter 3,210 16 Honda Elite 80 80 Scooter 1,157 16 Yamaha Zuma 50 Scooter 3,171 17 Yamaha Vino 50 Scooter 2,160 22 Honda Rebel 250 Cruiser 4,938 36 Kawasaki Ninja 250 250 Sport 2,136 42 Honda Reflex 249 Scooter 1,575 43 Buell Blast P3 492 Sport 1,126 43 Kawasaki Vulcan 500 500 Cruiser 1,291 44 Suzuki DR-Z400S 400 Dual Purpose 2,356 45

RELATIVE AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR Honda Metropolitan 50 Scooter 3,210 5 Honda Elite 80 80 Scooter 1,157 7 Yamaha Zuma 50 Scooter 3,171 8 Yamaha Vino 50 Scooter 2,160 9 Suzuki DR-Z400S 400 Dual Purpose 2,356 11 Honda XR650 650 Dual Purpose 1,406 12 Kawasaki KLR650 650 Dual Purpose 2,708 14 Honda Rebel 250 Cruiser 4,938 14 Suzuki Boulevard S40 650 Cruiser 1,781 22 Honda Shadow Ace 750 750 Cruiser 9,843 22

*100 = all-motorcycle result

TABLE 2 WORST MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED VEHICLE MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT CLASS YEARS)RESULT*

RELATIVE CLAIM FREQUENCY Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R 1,000 Super Sport 802 732 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 636 Super Sport 1,709 602 Honda CBR1000RR 1,000 Super Sport 1,459 564 Honda CBR600RR 600 Super Sport 3,272 492 Suzuki GSX-R750 750 Super Sport 2,380 461 Suzuki GSX-R600 600 Super Sport 3,576 449 Suzuki GSX-R1000 1,000 Super Sport3,196 437 Suzuki Hayabusa 1,300 Sport 3,229 393 Yamaha YZF-R1 1,000 Super Sport 4,230 347 Yamaha YZF-R6 600 Super Sport 4,678 318

RELATIVE AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER CLAIM Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide 1,690 Touring 1,273 232 Harley Screaming Eagle Deuce 1,690 Cruiser 1,391 173 Harley Electra Glide Classic 1,450 Touring 10,199 154 Harley Ultra Classic Electra Glide 1,450 Touring 20,167 151 Harley Screaming Eagle Road King EFI 1,690 Touring 1,788 148 Honda Gold Wing 1,800 Touring 15,108 146 Harley Heritage Springer 1,450 Cruiser 3,843 143 Harley Electra Glide Standard 1,450 Touring 7,622 141 Honda ST1300 1,300 Sport 1,223 137 Harley Road Glide 1,450 Touring 4,406 137

RELATIVE AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R 1,000 Super Sport 802 920 Honda CBR1000RR 1,000 Super Sport 1,459 646 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 636 Super Sport 1,709 555 Suzuki GSX-R1000 1,000 Super Sport3,196 534 Suzuki GSX-R750 750 Super Sport 2,380 497 Honda CBR600RR 600 Super Sport 3,272 480 Suzuki Hayabusa 1,300 Sport 3,229 423 Suzuki GSX-R600 600 Super Sport 3,576 421 Yamaha YZF-R1 1,000 Super Sport 4,230 405 Yamaha YZF-R6 600 Super Sport 4,678 313

*100 = all-motorcycle result

MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES BY CLASS

Table 3 lists collision losses for 2002-06 motorcycles by model year and class. The 2002- 06 models combined had a claim frequency of 2.3 claims per 100 insured vehicle years, an average loss payment of $5,298, and overall losses of $124 per insured vehicle year. Super sport motorcycles had the highest claim frequency (9.0) and overall losses ($506). Touring motorcycles had the highest average loss payment per claim ($7,176). As a class, dual purpose motorcycles had the lowest claims frequency (0.8). Scooters had the lowest average loss payment per claim ($1,903) and the lowest overall losses ($33). Overall losses for dual purpose motorcycles ($34) were only slightly higher than those for scooters.

TABLE 3 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES BY MODEL YEAR

MODEL YEARS CLASS 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2002-06

CLAIM FREQUENCY PER 100 INSURED VEHICLE YEARS Cruiser 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.5 4.6 1.7 Touring 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.1 1.8 Dual Purpose 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 — 0.8 Standard 2.0 3.5 — — — 2.8 Unclad Sport 2.6 4.1 4.9 6.7 — 4.2 Sport 2.4 3.7 4.1 6.3 13.4 4.2 Super Sport 5.0 7.6 10.0 12.6 24.3 9.0 Scooter 0.8 1.4 1.7 2.7 — 1.6 All Motorcycles 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.4 7.0 2.3

AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER CLAIM Cruiser $4,797 $4,799 $4,847 $4,887 $4,726 $4,797 Touring $7,176 $7,337 $7,626 $8,186 $6,548 $7,176 Dual Purpose $3,566 $3,578 $4,668 $4,562 — $3,566 Standard $3,056 $3,791 — — — $3,056 Unclad Sport $4,005 $4,259 $4,487 $4,508 — $4,005 Sport $4,666 $4,788 $5,303 $5,406 $4,779 $4,666 Super Sport $5,434 $5,278 $5,564 $5,859 $5,902 $5,434 Scooter $1,903 $1,952 $1,971 $2,076 — $1,903 All Motorcycles $5,184 $5,156 $5,310 $5,545 $5,322 $5,298

AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR Cruiser $52 $65 $95 $121 $219 $81 Touring $91 $113 $147 $194 $202 $131 Dual Purpose $20 $24 $42 $52 — $34 Standard $61 $131 — — — $95 Unclad Sport $103 $173 $221 $300 — $182 Sport $111 $177 $219 $343 $638 $212 Super Sport $273 $402 $556 $741 $1,434 $506 Scooter $15 $27 $33 $57 — $33 All Motorcycles $78 $96 $139 $187 $362 $124

Figures 1-3 show the collision claim frequencies, average loss payments per claim, and overall losses for 2002-06 motorcycles by class, expressed in relative terms where 100 equals the all motorcycle result. Claim frequencies range from 36 for dual purpose motorcycles to 386 for super sport motorcycles. Average loss payments per claim range from 38 for scooters to 141 for touring motorcycles. Overall losses range from 27 for scooters to 409 for super sport motorcycles.

FIGURE 1 RELATIVE MOTORCYCLE COLLISION CLAIM FREQUENCIES BY CLASS, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

400

350

300

250

200

150 All-Motorcycle Result = 2.3 100

Cruiser Touring Dual Purpose Standard Unclad Sport Sport Super Sport Scooter

FIGURE 2 RELATIVE MOTORCYCLE COLLISION AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENTS PER CLAIM BY CLASS, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

140

120

All-Motorcycle Result = $5,298 100

Cruiser Touring Dual Purpose Standard Unclad Sport Sport Super Sport Scooter

FIGURE 3 RELATIVE MOTORCYCLE COLLISION AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENTS PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR BY CLASS, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

400

350

300

250

200

150 All-Motorcycle Result = $124 100

Cruiser Touring Dual Purpose Standard Unclad Sport Sport Super Sport Scooter

MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES BY TIME PERIOD

Table 4 lists collision losses for 2002-06 motorcycles by calendar year and model year. It is important to note that not all insurers that supplied data for this report were able to provide the same amount of data. In general, later calendar years have more data than earlier years.

TABLE 4 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES BY MODEL YEAR AND CALENDAR YEAR

MODEL YEARS CALENDAR YEAR 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2002-06

CLAIM FREQUENCY PER 100 INSURED VEHICLE YEARS 2002 3.2 1.0 2003 1.4 1.8 1.3 2004 1.6 2.4 3.7 1.9 2005 1.3 1.6 2.4 4.0 3.1 2.2 2006* 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.9 7.1 2.7 Total 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.4 6.8 2.3

AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER CLAIM 2002 $6,006 $5,109 2003 $5,399 $5,632 $6,282 2004 $5,258 $5,309 $5,330 $6,094 2005 $5,104 $5,108 $5,429 $5,495 $6,571 $5,342 2006* $4,568 $4,770 $5,080 $5,587 $5,275 $5,171 Total $5,184 $5,156 $5,310 $5,545 $5,322 $5,298

AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR 2002 $191 $51 2003 $76 $102 $84 2004 $86 $127 $199 $118 2005 $67 $82 $131 $222 $202 $116 2006* $62 $83 $106 $160 $375 $138 Total $78 $96 $139 $187 $362 $124

*2006 is based on coverage and losses thru July 2006

MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES BY ENGINE DISPLACEMENT

Figures 4-6 show the collision claim frequencies, average loss payments per claim, and overall losses for 2002-06 motorcycles by engine displacement. For illustrative purposes, results for unclad sports and sports motorcycles were combined, as were results for dual purpose and standard motorcycles. There was no apparent relationship between claim frequency and engine displacement. Claim frequencies were highest for super sport motorcycles, with engine displacements ranging from 750 to 899 cc. For each class, average loss payments per claim increased as engine displacements increased. As with claim frequencies, there was no apparent relationship between overall losses and engine displacement. Overall losses were highest for super sport motorcycles, with engine displacements ranging from 750 to 899 cc.

FIGURE 4 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION CLAIM FREQUENCIES BY CLASS AND DISPLACEMENT RANGE, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

rs Cruiser Touring yea Dual Purpose & Standard 10 Sport & Unclad Sport hicle Super Sport Scooter d ve 8 ure

00 ins 6

s per 1 4 Claim 2

< 600 600 - 749 750 - 899 900 - 1,129 1,130 - 1,299 1,300 - 1,450 > 1,450

Displacement range in cubic centimeters (cc)

FIGURE 5 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENTS PER CLAIM BY CLASS AND DISPLACEMENT RANGE, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

Cruiser Touring $8,000 Dual Purpose & Standard Sport & Unclad Sport er claim $7,000 Super Sport Scooter ent p $6,000 aym $5,000 s p

e los $4,000 rag $3,000 Ave

$2,000

$1,000

< 600 600 - 749 750 - 899 900 - 1,129 1,130 - 1,299 1,300 - 1,450 > 1,450

Displacement range in cubic centimeters (cc) r

yea FIGURE 6 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENTS PER INSURED VEHICLE YEAR BY CLASS AND DISPLACEMENT RANGE, 2002-06 MODELS hicle Cruiser

d ve Touring $600 Dual Purpose & Standard ure Sport & Unclad Sport Super Sport $500

er ins Scooter

ent p $400 aym $300 s p

e los $200 rag -

Ave $100

< 600 600 - 749 750 - 899 900 - 1,129 1,130 - 1,299 1,300 - 1,450 > 1,450

Displacement range in cubic centimeters (cc)

MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES

Detailed collision coverage results for all 2002-06 motorcycles with at least 1,000 insured vehicle years of exposure or 100 claims are listed in Table 5. The values report- ed are total exposure (in insured vehicle years), number of claims, and relative results for three loss categories: claim frequency, average loss payment per claim, and average loss payment per insured vehicle year. The value 100 corresponds to the average result for all motorcycles in each loss category. Individual results are listed in ascending order of relative average loss payment per insured vehicle year within each class. The total exposure accumulated for the five model years was 555,968 insured vehicle years, with claims numbering 12,882. Relative claim frequencies for individual motorcycles ranged from 21 to 732, relative average loss payments per claim ranged from 16 to 232, and relative average loss payments per insured vehicle year ranged from 5 to 920. The Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide, a 1,690 cc touring motorcycle, had the highest claim severity. The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R, a 1,000 cc super sport motorcycle, had the highest claim frequency and overall losses. The highest overall losses by class occurred as follows: Cruiser Harley V-Rod 1,130 cc Touring Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide 1,690 cc Dual Purpose BMW R1150GS 1,150 cc Unclad Sport Suzuki SV650 650 cc Sport Suzuki Hayabusa 1,300 cc Super Sport Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R 1,000 cc Scooter Honda Silver Wing 600 cc

TABLE 5 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

ALL MOTORCYCLES 551,968 12,882 100=2.3 100=$5,298 100=$124

CRUISER CLASS 328,376 5,500 72 91 65 Honda Rebel 250 4,938 46 40 36 14 Suzuki Boulevard S40 650 1,781 19 46 47 22 Honda Shadow Ace 750 750 9,843 91 40 56 22 Kawasaki Vulcan 800 800 4,184 57 58 47 28 Honda Shadow VLX 600 6,438 84 56 54 30 Suzuki Boulevard S83 1,400 1,277 13 44 73 32 Kawasaki Vulcan 500 500 1,291 22 73 44 32 Honda Shadow Spirit 1,100 3,496 40 49 75 37 Honda Shadow Spirit 750 750 10,761 173 69 54 37 Yamaha V-Star 650 650 12,117 173 61 63 39 Triumph Bonneville America 800 1,090 12 47 83 39 Kawasaki Vulcan 750 750 1,783 25 60 67 40 Honda Shadow Sabre 1,100 5,536 69 53 76 40 Suzuki Boulevard S50 800 1,934 31 69 60 41 Harley Sportster 883 883 20,596 310 64 66 42 Suzuki Boulevard M50 800 2,106 36 73 66 48 Yamaha V-Star 1100 1,100 15,137 239 68 75 51 Suzuki Intruder 800 800 6,240 121 83 64 53 Honda Shadow Aero 750 5,458 120 94 63 60 Kawasaki Vulcan 1500 1,500 6,852 110 69 90 62 Harley Sportster 1200 1,200 20,699 388 80 83 66 Honda VTX1800 1,800 14,843 233 67 101 68 Harley Fat Boy 1,450 25,237 390 66 103 68 Yamaha Road Star 1,700 6,922 113 70 98 68 Harley Screaming Eagle Deuce 1,690 1,391 13 40 173 69 Honda VTX1300 1,300 10,832 203 80 87 70 Harley Heritage Softail 1,450 25,259 391 66 115 76 Harley Dyna Low Rider 1,450 9,929 164 71 108 76 Kawasaki Vulcan 1600 1,600 3,050 65 91 84 77 Harley Softail Standard 1,450 10,500 179 73 108 79 Harley Dyna Wide Glide 1,450 12,378 216 75 107 80 Suzuki Boulevard C90 1,500 2,989 53 76 109 83 Harley Softail Deluxe 1,450 12,434 194 67 124 83 Harley Dyna Super Glide 1,450 9,964 205 88 96 85 Harley Night Train 1,450 5,175 109 90 95 86 Harley Springer Softail 1,450 2,679 53 85 114 97 Yamaha Road Warrior 1,700 2,914 71 104 99 104 Harley Heritage Springer 1,450 3,843 67 75 143 107 Suzuki Boulevard C50 800 2,489 79 136 79 107 Harley V-Rod 1,130 8,304 223 115 122 140

TOURING CLASS 107,016 1,874 75 141 106 BMW K1200LT 1,200 1,742 25 61 98 61 Harley Electra Glide Standard 1,450 7,622 104 58 141 83 Honda Gold Wing 1,800 15,108 210 60 146 87 Harley Screaming Eagle Road King EFI 1,690 1,788 26 62 148 92 Harley Road King 1,450 39,441 651 71 132 94 Harley Ultra Classic Electra Glide 1,450 20,167 371 79 151 119 Harley Road Glide 1,450 4,406 105 102 137 139

TABLE 75 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION LOSSES, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS (CONT’D)

RELATIVE TOTAL RELATIVE AVERAGE EXPOSURE RELATIVE AVERAGE LOSS PAYMENT (INSURED NUMBER CLAIM LOSS PAYMENT PER INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) OF CLAIMS FREQUENCY PER CLAIM VEHICLE YEAR Harley Electra Glide Classic 1,450 10,199 218 92 154 141 Yamaha Royal Star 1,294 1,609 46 122 116 143 Harley Street Glide 1,450 1,294 46 152 120 182 Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide 1,690 1,273 26 88 232 203

DUAL PURPOSE CLASS 14,920 124 36 78 28 Suzuki DR-Z400S 400 2,356 14 25 45 11 Honda XR650 650 1,406 7 21 58 12 Kawasaki KLR650 650 2,708 16 25 55 14 BMW F650GS 650 1,492 15 43 56 24 BMW R1150GS 1,150 1,540 17 47 115 54

STANDARD CLASS 4,644 128 118 65 77

UNCLAD SPORT CLASS 13,760 581 181 81 147 BMW R1150R 1,150 1,682 29 74 110 81 Yamaha FZS1000 1,000 1,733 52 129 85 109 Suzuki V-Strom 1000 1,000 1,015 29 122 90 110 Honda 919 919 1,004 35 149 87 130 Suzuki SV650 650 3,425 205 256 69 177

SPORT CLASS 25,698 1,092 182 94 172 Buell Blast P3 492 1,126 15 57 43 24 BMW R1150RT 1,150 2,730 25 39 129 51 Kawasaki Ninja 250 250 2,136 82 165 42 69 Kawasaki Concours 1000 1,000 1,218 34 120 83 99 Yamaha FJR1300 1,300 2,021 44 93 122 114 Honda ST1300 1,300 1,223 28 98 137 135 Honda Interceptor 800 800 1,274 52 175 103 180 Yamaha YZF600R 600 1,109 63 243 84 204 Suzuki Hayabusa 1,300 3,229 296 393 108 423

SUPER SPORT CLASS 35,798 3,228 386 106 409 Honda CBR600F4i 600 3,088 174 241 92 222 Honda CBR954RR 954 2,436 157 276 110 303 Yamaha YZF-R6 600 4,678 347 318 98 313 Yamaha YZF-R1 1,000 4,230 343 347 117 405 Suzuki GSX-R600 600 3,576 375 449 94 421 Honda CBR600RR 600 3,272 376 492 97 480 Suzuki GSX-R750 750 2,380 256 461 108 497 Suzuki GSX-R1000 1,000 3,196 326 437 122 534 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 636 1,709 240 602 92 555 Honda CBR1000RR 1,000 1,459 192 564 114 646 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R 1,000 802 137 732 126 920

SCOOTER CLASS 21,756 355 70 38 27 Honda Metropolitan 50 3,210 23 31 16 5 Honda Elite 80 80 1,157 12 44 16 7 Yamaha Zuma 50 3,171 34 46 17 8 Yamaha Vino 50 2,160 21 42 22 9 Vespa ET4 150 150 1,354 18 57 49 28 Honda Reflex 249 1,575 45 122 43 52 Honda Silver Wing 600 1,496 40 115 49 56

CHOPPERS

The following manufactures produce highly individualized motorcycles, generally referred as choppers: American Eagle, American Ironhorse, Big Dog, California Customs, Custom Chrome, Milwaukee Motorcycle, Saxon, and Stroker. At the time of this report, the amount of data HLDI had for individual choppers was sparse. The total exposure accumulated for all of these manufacturers for the 2002-06 model years was 4,317 insured vehicle years, with claims numbering 120. As a group, choppers had a claim frequency of 2.8 claims per 100 insured vehicle years, compared with 2.3 claims for all motorcycles. The average loss payment per claim for choppers was $10,743, more than double the claim severity of $5,298 for all motorcycle. The average loss payment per insured vehicle years (overall losses) for choppers was $299, more than twice the loss payment of $124 for all motorcycles.

TABLE 6 MOTORCYCLE COLLISION EXPOSURE BY AGE, 2002-06 MODEL YEARS

CLASS YOUTHFUL NON-YOUTHFUL SENIOR (<25) (25-64) (>64) UNKNOWN Cruiser 3.7% 86.2% 1.4% 8.7% Touring 0.6% 87.8% 2.5% 9.2% Dual Purpose 3.6% 87.2% 1.2% 8.0% Standard 7.5% 79.8% 1.0% 11.7% Unclad Sport 9.4% 79.3% 0.8% 10.5% Sport 6.4% 80.9% 1.4% 11.3% Super Sport 17.1% 70.5% 0.4% 12.0% Scooter 7.3% 79.6% 6.6% 6.5% Total 4.4% 84.8% 1.7% 9.1%

APPENDIX A

The following table lists all motorcycles that were included in this report regardless of exposure. Additionally, it identifies the individual motorcycles that were grouped into combined series. Combined series appear in bold.

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS)

CRUISER CLASS 328,376 BMW R1200C 1,200 491 Harley Dyna Defender 1,450 177 Harley Dyna Low Rider 1,450 9,929 Dyna Low Rider 7,157 Dyna Low Rider EFI 2,772 Harley Dyna Super Glide 1,450 9,964 Dyna Super Glide 7,174 Dyna Super Glide Custom 231 Dyna Super Glide Custom EFI 664 Dyna Super Glide EFI 1,818 Dyna Super Glide EFI 35th Anniversary 79 Harley Dyna Wide Glide 1,450 12,378 Dyna Wide Glide 7,814 Dyna Wide Glide 35th Anniversary 1,735 Dyna Wide Glide EFI 2,809 Dyna Wing Glide 20 Harley Fat Boy 1,450 25,237 Fat Boy 9,006 Fat Boy EFI 16,176 Fat Boy Shrine EFI 55 Harley Heritage Softail 1,450 25,259 Heritage Softail 53 Heritage Softail Classic 7,443 Heritage Softail Classic EFI 17,470 Heritage Softail Classic Shrine EFI 125 Heritage Softail EFI 168 Harley Heritage Springer 1,450 3,843 Heritage Springer 941 Heritage Springer Classic 181 Heritage Springer Classic EFI 618 Heritage Springer EFI 2,103 Harley Night Train 1,450 5,175 Night Train 2,189 Night Train EFI 2,986 Harley Screaming Eagle Deuce 1,690 1,391

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Harley Screaming Eagle Fat Boy 1,690 597 Harley Screaming Eagle V-Rod 1,250 310 Harley Softail Deluxe 1,450 12,434 Softail Deluxe 487 Softail Deluxe EFI 2,683 Softail Deuce 2,991 Softail Deuce EFI 6,273 Harley Softail Standard 1,450 10,500 Softail Standard 5,706 Softail Standard EFI 4,794 Harley Sportster 1200 1,200 20,699 Sportster 1200 2,276 Sportster 1200 Custom 15,879 Sportster 1200 Low 228 Sportster 1200 Roadster 1,688 Sportster 1200 Sport 628 Harley Sportster 883 883 20,596 Sportster 883 165 Sportster 883 Custom 7,131 Sportster 883 Hugger 10,216 Sportster 883 low 1,633 Sportster 883 R 1,450 Harley Springer Softail 1,450 2,679 Springer Softail 1,195 Springer Softail EFI 1,484 Harley Street Bob 1,450 641 Harley V-Rod 1,130 8,304 Night Rod 106 Street Rod 95 V-Rod 8,102 Honda Magna 750 755 Honda Rebel 250 4,938 Honda Shadow Ace 750 750 9,843 Honda Shadow Aero 750 5,867 Shadow Aero 5,458 Shadow Aero 408 Honda Shadow Sabre 1,100 5,536 Honda Shadow Spirit 1,100 3,496 Honda Shadow Spirit 750 750 10,761 Honda Shadow VLX 600 6,438 Shadow VLX 710 Shadow VLX Deluxe 5,728 Honda Valkyrie 1,500 732 Honda Valkyrie Rune 1,800 306

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Honda VTX1300 1,300 10,832 Honda VTX1800 1,800 14,843 Indian Chief 1,650 960 Indian Scout 1,450 746 Indian Spirit 1,450 563 Kawasaki Eliminator 125 125 331 Kawasaki Vulcan 1500 1,500 6,852 Vulcan 1500 Classic 1,627 Vulcan 1500 Classic Anniversary 18 Vulcan 1500 Classic FI 838 Vulcan 1500 Drifter 297 Vulcan 1500 Mean Streak 2,150 Vulcan 1500 Nomad FI 1,923 Kawasaki Vulcan 1600 1,600 3,050 Vulcan 1600 99 Vulcan 1600 Classic 1,869 Vulcan 1600 Mean Streak 646 Vulcan 1600 Nomad 436 Kawasaki Vulcan 2000 2,000 793 Vulcan 2000 712 Vulcan 2000 Classic 8 Vulcan 2000 Classic LT 25 Vulcan 2000 LTD 48 Kawasaki Vulcan 500 500 1,291 Kawasaki Vulcan 750 750 1,783 Kawasaki Vulcan 800 800 4,184 Vulcan 800 1,279 Vulcan 800 Classic 2,398 Vulcan 800 Drifter 507 Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic 900 181 Vulcan 900 Classic 92 Vulcan 900 Classic LT 89 Moto Guzzi California 1,100 149 California Stone 48 V11 California 101 Moto Guzzi V11 EV 1,100 111 Suzuki Boulevard C50 800 2,489 Boulevard C50 534 Boulevard C50T 1,954 Suzuki Boulevard C90 1,500 2,989 Boulevard C90 906 Intruder LC 2,083 Suzuki Boulevard M109R 1,800 194

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Suzuki Boulevard M50 800 2,106 Boulevard M50 616 Marauder 1,490 Suzuki Boulevard S40 650 1,781 Boulevard S40 104 Savage 650 1,677 Suzuki Boulevard S50 800 1,934 Boulevard S50 359 Intruder 800 1,575 Suzuki Boulevard S83 1,400 1,277 Boulevard S83 202 Intruder 1400 1,075 Suzuki GZ250 250 974 Suzuki Intruder Volusia 800 6,240 Suzuki VZ1600 1,600 179 Triumph Bonneville America 800 1,090 Triumph Rocket III 2,294 145 Triumph Speed Master 900 415 Victory 8-Ball 1,650 2 Victory Hammer 1,650 101 Victory Kingpin 1,500 408 Victory Vegas 1,500 987 Vegas 906 Vegas Arlen Ness 61 Vegas Cory Ness 19 Vegas Jackpot 1 Victory Victory Cruiser 1,500 335 Yamaha Road Star 1,700 6,922 Road Star 5,290 Road Star Classic 1,632 Yamaha Road Warrior 1,700 2,914 Yamaha Roadliner 1,854 56 Yamaha V-Max 1200 1,198 731 Yamaha V-Star 1100 1,100 15,137 Yamaha V-Star 650 650 12,117 Yamaha Virago 250 250 910 Virago 250 831 Virago 250C 80

TOURING CLASS 107,016 BMW K1200LT 1,200 1,742 BMW R1200CL 1,200 515 Ducati ST3 1,000 73

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Harley Electra Glide Police EFI 1,450 649 Harley Electra Glide Classic 1,450 10,199 Electra Glide Classic 2,496 Electra Glide Classic EFI 6,889 Electra Glide Classic Shrine 278 Electra Glide Classic Shrine EFI 535 Harley Electra Glide Standard 1,450 7,622 Electra Glide Standard 4,537 Electra Glide Standard EFI 3,084 Harley Road Glide 1,450 4,406 Road Glide 286 Road Glide EFI 4,120 Harley Road King 1,450 39,441 Road King 4,526 Road King Classic EFI 18,350 Road King Custom 1,128 Road King Custom EFI 4,146 Road King EFI 7,783 Road King Police EFI 1,526 Road King Police Escort EFI 65 Road King Shrine 1,918 Harley Screaming Eagle Electra Glide 1,690 1,273 Screaming Eagle Electra Glide 1,116 Screaming Eagle Ultra Classic Electra Glide 157 Harley Screaming Eagle Road King EFI 1,690 1,788 Harley Street Glide 1,450 1,294 Street Glide 137 Street Glide EFI 1,157 Harley Ultra Classic Electra Glide 1,450 20,167 Ultra Classic Electra Glide EFI 18,969 Ultra Classic Electra Glide EFI w/sidecar 6 Ultra Classic Electra Glide Shrine EFI 1,192 Honda Gold Wing 1,800 15,108 Gold Wing 12,333 Gold Wing ABS 2,361 Gold Wing Audio 227 Gold Wing Audio/comfort 127 Gold Wing Audio/Comfort/Navi/ABS 59 Kawasaki Voyager XII 1,200 436 Victory Victory Touring 1,500 621 Victory Touring 291 Victory Touring Deluxe 330

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Yamaha Royal Star 1,294 1,609 Royal Star 1,153 Royal Star tour Deluxe 456 Yamaha Stratoliner 1,854 73

DUAL PURPOSE CLASS 14,920 Aprilia Capo Nord 1,000 101 BMW F650 650 396 F650 394 F650CS 2 BMW F650GS 650 1,492 F650GS 999 F650GS Dakar 493 BMW HP2 Enduro 1,170 9 BMW R1150GS 1,150 1,540 R1150GS 932 R1150GS Adventure 609 BMW R1200GS 1,200 616 Ducati Multistrada 1000 DS 1,000 114 Ducati Multistrada 620 620 6 Honda XR650 650 1,406 XR650L 1,406 Kawasaki KLR250 250 232 KLR250 232 Kawasaki KLR650 650 2,708 Kawasaki KLX250S 250 67 Kawasaki KLX300R 300 67 KLX300R 67 KTM 625 SX 650 140 KTM 640 LC4 650 178 KTM 950 Adventure 950 190 Suzuki DR-Z400S 400 2,356 DR-Z400S 2,145 DR-Z400SM 211 Suzuki DR200SE 200 400 Suzuki DR250S 250 1 Suzuki DR650SE 650 873 Triumph Tiger 955 171 Yamaha TW200 200 864 Yamaha XT225 225 994

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS)

STANDARD CLASS 4,644 Buell Cyclone M2 1,200 218 Cyclone M2 78 Cyclone M2L 141 Ducati M620 620 575 Ducati M750 750 117 Ducati M900 900 33 Honda Nighthawk 250 241 Honda Nighthawk 750 750 375 Kawasaki KZ1000 Police 1,000 14 Moto Guzzi Breva 750 66 Suzuki Bandit 1200 1,200 903 Suzuki Bandit 600 600 297 Suzuki GS500 500 540 Triumph Bonneville 800 523 Triumph Speed Four 600 97 Triumph T100 Bonneville 885 384 Triumph Thruxton (909 ME) 909 127 Triumph Thunderbird 885 133 Thunderbird 104 Thunderbird Sport 29

UNCLAD SPORT CLASS 13,760 Aprilia SL 1000 1,000 89 BMW K1200R 1,200 39 BMW R1150R 1,150 1,682 R1150R 1,678 R1150R Rockster 4 Buell Thunderbolt S3-T 1,200 49 Ducati M900S4 916 80 Ducati Monster S2R 800 64 Ducati Monster S2R 1000 1,000 18 Ducati Monster S4R Testastretta 1,000 99 Honda 599 599 194 Honda 919 919 1,004 Kawasaki Z1000 1,000 599 Kawasaki ZR-7S 750 432 Kawasaki ZRX 1200R 1,200 830 Suzuki SV1000 1,000 822 Suzuki SV650 650 3,425 SV650 1,379 SV650S 2,046 Suzuki V-Strom 1000 1,000 1,015 Suzuki V-Strom 650 650 575

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Triumph Speed Triple 955 259 Yamaha FZ6 600 751 Yamaha FZS1000 1,000 1,733

SPORT CLASS 25,698 Aprilia RST Futura 1,000 141 Aprilia Tuono 1000 1,000 50 BMW K1200GT 1,200 684 BMW K1200RS 1,200 985 BMW R1100S 1,100 415 BMW R1150RS 1,150 234 BMW R1150RT 1,150 2,730 BMW R1200RT 1,200 296 BMW R1200ST 1,200 1 Buell Blast P3 492 1,126 Buell Firebolt XB12R 1,200 387 Buell Firebolt XB9R 984 521 Buell Lightning CityX XB9SX 984 56 Buell Lightning X1 1,200 102 Buell Lightning XB12S 1,200 191 Lightning XB12S 164 Lightning XB12Scg 27 Buell Lightning XB9S 984 479 Lightning XB9S 276 Lightning XB9SL 204 Ducati 620 Sport 620 5 Ducati SS750 750 34 Ducati SS800 800 31 Ducati SS900 900 53 Ducati ST2 944 31 Ducati ST4S 996 313 Honda CBR1100XX 1,100 377 Honda Interceptor 800 800 1,274 Interceptor 800 1,015 Interceptor 800 ABS 258 Honda ST1100 1,100 197 ST1100 176 ST1100A 21 ST1100P 0 Honda ST1300 1,300 1,223 ST1300 857 ST1300 ABS 19 ST1300A 348 Honda Superhawk 1,000 250

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Kawasaki Concours 1000 1,000 1,218 Kawasaki Ninja 250 250 2,136 Kawasaki Ninja 500 500 698 Kawasaki Ninja 650R 650 144 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14 1,400 137 Kawasaki ZZ-R1200 1,200 708 Kawasaki ZZR600 600 343 Moto Guzzi V11 Sport 1,100 11 Suzuki Hayabusa 1,300 3,229 Suzuki Katana 600 600 953 Suzuki Katana 750 750 334 Triumph Sprint RS 1,050 75 Triumph Sprint ST 1,050 307 Triumph Trophy 1200 1,200 89 Yamaha FJR1300 1,300 2,021 Yamaha YZF600R 600 1,109

SUPER SPORT CLASS 35,798 Aprilia RSV 1000 R 1,000 65 RSV 1000 R 46 RSV 1000 R Factory 14 RSV 1000 R Haga 5 Aprilia RSV Mille 1,000 89 Aprilia RSV Mille R 1,000 60 BMW K1200S 1,200 156 Ducati 748 748 73 Ducati 749 750 104 Ducati 998 998 238 Ducati 999 Biposto 999 159 Ducati 999R 1,000 24 Ducati 999S 1,000 66 Honda CBR1000RR 1,000 1,459 Honda CBR600F4i 600 3,088 Honda CBR600RR 600 3,272 Honda CBR954RR 954 2,436 Honda RC51 999 975 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R 1,000 802 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R 1,200 575 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 600 820 Ninja ZX-6 600 103 Ninja ZX-6R 498 Ninja ZX-6RR 600 219 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 636 1,709 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-7R 750 169

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Kawasaki Ninja ZX-9R 900 442 Suzuki GSX-R1000 1,000 3,196 Suzuki GSX-R600 600 3,576 Suzuki GSX-R750 750 2,380 Suzuki TL1000R 1,000 351 Triumph 600 Daytona 600 151 Triumph 955 Daytona 955 334 Triumph Daytona 650 650 23 Triumph TT600 600 99 Yamaha YZF-R1 1,000 4,230 Yamaha YZF-R6 600 4,678 YZF-R6 4,621 YZF-R6S 57

SCOOTER CLASS 21,756 Aprilia Atlantic 200 200 39 Aprilia Atlantic 500 500 157 Aprilia Mojito 150 Custom 150 50 Aprilia Mojito 50 50 26 Aprilia Mojito 50 Custom 50 64 Aprilia Rally 50 50 27 Aprilia RS50 50 26 Aprilia Scarabeo 150 150 205 Aprilia Scarabeo 50 50 100 Aprilia Scarabeo 500 500 0 Aprilia SR50 50 110 Honda Big Ruckus 250 97 Honda Elite 80 80 1,157 Honda Helix 250 187 Honda Metropolitan 50 3,210 Metropolitan 2,888 Metropolitan II 322 Honda Reflex 249 1,575 Reflex 1,163 Reflex ABS 208 Reflex Sport 184 Reflex Sport ABS 21 Honda Ruckus 50 922 Honda Silver Wing 600 1,496 Silver Wing 1,375 Silver Wing ABS 121 Kymco Bet and Win 150 250 80 Kymco Cobra 50 49 93 Kymco Filly 50 50 26

APPENDIX A COMPLETE MOTORCYCLE SERIES LISTING (CONT’D)

TOTAL EXPOSURE (INSURED MAKE SERIES DISPLACEMENT VEHICLE YEARS) Kymco Grand Vista 250 250 30 Kymco People 150 150 228 Kymco People 250 250 33 Kymco People 50 50 406 Kymco Super 9 50 138 Kymco Venox 250 250 58 Kymco Yup 50 50 55 Kymco ZX50 50 330 Suzuki Burgman 400 400 710 Suzuki Burgman 650 650 769 Burgman 650 756 Burgman 650 ABS 12 Vento Phantom 150 62 Vento Triton 50 216 Vento Zip 50 35 Vespa BV 200 200 120 Vespa BV 500 500 3 Vespa ET2 50 50 844 Vespa ET4 150 150 1,354 Vespa Granturismo 200 200 261 Vespa LT 150 150 119 Vespa LT 50 50 73 Vespa LX 150 150 27 Vespa LX 50 50 12 Vespa PX 150 150 41 Vespa X9 500 9 Yamaha Riva 125 125 583 Yamaha Vino 50 2,160 Yamaha YP400 400 258 Yamaha Zuma 50 3,171

APPENDIX B MOTORCYCLE CLASSES DEFINED

STREET LEGAL MOTORCYCLE Street legal motorcycles are grouped into nine different classes: cruiser, chopper, dual purpose, sport, super sport, unclad sport, standard, touring, and scooters. There also is a sidecar class. Sidecars can be attached to one or more of the street legal motorcycles and subsequently are exposed to the same hazards inherent in operating motorcycles. Although most motorcycles are designed with the same fundamental components — chassis incorporating two wheels, engine, handle bars, and open riding position — there still are unique design and operation queues that distinguish the intended riding purpose and performance expectations. The method used to assign motorcycles to classes includes factors such as riding ergonomics, riding position, body style, features, usability, and driving dynamics. The following classes are the variations of street legal motorcycles.

CRUISER Cruiser motorcycles mimic the style of earlier American motorcycles from the 1930s to the early 1960s, such as those made by Harley-Davidson and Indian. Although cruisers have benefited from advances in metallurgy and technology, the basic design is still very similar to early motorcycles. They generally are identified as having a classic look. The riding position places the feet forward and the hands up, with the spine erect or leaning back slightly. This position allows greater long- distance comfort with some compromise of control. Some cruisers may have limited performance and turning ability because of a low-slung design and therefore are not intended for sport riding. Cruisers can be used with a sidecar.

CHOPPER Chopper-style or extended-fork motorcycles are closely related to cruisers, with the exception of an extended wheelbase that results from the typically longer front fork configuration. The extended wheelbase tends to reduce maneuverability. Choppers generally are highly customized with higher relative costs. As the term “chopper” implies, the motorcycle is derived by chopping off or removing parts from a typical cruiser with the intent of reducing weight or bulk for the sake of speed. Its reduced maneuverability typically is further exaggerated by a wider rear tire that assists in acceleration. The decreased maneuverability can be directly attributed to the increased rake and trail created by the extended forks. Rake is the angle of the steering head measured in degrees from a line 90 degrees to the ground. Trail is the distance defined by the vertical line from the axle to ground and the intersection of the centerline of the steering neck and ground. Normal trail ranges from 2 to 4 inches, which allows the motorcycle to handle easily at both high and low speeds. If the trail is more than 4 inches, the motorcycle is less respon- sive to rider input at high speeds and will be difficult to balance at lower speeds or on winding roads.

SPORT Sport motorcycles have a wide range of engine displacements. They differ from cruisers in that they are smaller, lighter, and have extensive body paneling and fairing covers. Some sport motorcycles are capable of having side bags or a rear trunk attached to provide touring ability. These motorcycles are closely related to super sport motorcycles. Their riding position is less aggressive and their power-to-weight ratios are lower than sport/super sport motorcycles, making them more user friendly. Sport motorcycles are capable of high speeds compared with most vehicles but do not offer the acceleration, stability, and handling of super sport motorcycles. Sport motorcycles generally are not considered racing-specification motorcycles by their manufacturers. They are not designed for use with a sidecar.

SUPER SPORT Super sport motorcycles are considered consumer versions of the motorcycles used by factory racing teams and typically use racing specifications as benchmarks in design. Measures are taken to reduce weight and increase power, thus making these motorcycles quick in acceleration, nimble in handling, and capable of high speeds. Like sport motorcycles, super sport motorcycles have extensive body paneling and fairing coverings. The riding position is tight and forward leaning to assist in aerodynamics and rider control. They are not designed for use with a sidecar.

UNCLAD SPORT Unclad sport motorcycles are retro in styling and are a relatively new market niche. Commonly referred to as “naked” or “hooligan” motorcycles, unclad sport motorcycles are derivatives of sport/super sport motorcycles in design and performance. However, they do not have full body panels or fairings typically found on sport/super sport motorcycles. Compared with sport motorcycles, unclad sport motorcycles generally have lower horsepower and a less aggressive riding position, making them more user friendly and suitable for everyday riding. Some serve as beginner motorcycles whereas others are as powerful and agile as super sport motorcycles and are targeted at premium customers (e.g., Ducati and Aprilia).

STANDARD Standard motorcycles generally are considered to be beginner motorcycles. Their designs are basic and generally do not utilize technological advances in chassis and engine design. Many standard motorcycles are generic enough to remain in production for 10 years or more without redesign. Riding positions typically are upright and similar to that of a cruiser and the power-to-weight ratios generally are low resulting in a user friendly motorcycle.

TOURING Touring motorcycles are characterized by large engines, wind protection for the rider (using a fairing or wind- screen), high-capacity fuel tanks (for extended riding dis- tances), the ability to carry luggage (using side bags and/or a topbox mounted toward the rear) and a comfortable riding position. Although any motorcycle can be equipped and used for touring, specialized touring motorcycles such as the Honda Goldwing are designed for this purpose. Touring motorcycles generally are equipped with high-displacement/high-torque engines for traversing hills while carrying a passenger and luggage. They also incorporate many technological advances such as ABS, audio systems, and other features (such as a reverse gear or cruise control) not typically found on motorcycles.

DUAL PURPOSE Dual purpose motorcycles are very similar to off-road motorcycles with the exception of being street legal. They generally have larger displacement engines and greater suspension travel than off-road motorcycles, along with more comfortable riding seats and positions. Dual purpose motorcycles are equipped with road-ready features such as turn signals and brake lights for street riding. They also use four-stroke engines for compliance with emissions requirements.

SCOOTER Scooters are similar to motorcycles and are designed to be ridden on public roads. They are characterized by smaller wheels, automatic transmissions, small engines, and a step-through configuration allowing the rider to ride with both feet on a running board and knees together. However, larger scooters with engine displacements greater than 250 cc are becoming more popular. The Honda Silver Wing, Honda Reflex, and Suzuki Burgman are examples of the increasing displacements and highway-capable scooters.

SIDECAR A sidecar is a wheeled passenger carrier that can be attached to the side of a motorcycle. They typically are used in conjunction with a cruiser or touring motorcycle, but recently sidecars are being developed for scooters. A sidecar is not motorized.

OFF-ROAD VEHICLES In addition to street legal motorcycles, manufacturers produce similarly powered vehicles that serve off-road purposes and are not intended for use on public roads. These vehicles are grouped into four distinct classes based on their physical design and intent.

OFF-ROAD MOTORCYCLE Off-road motorcycles generally are light weight with small displacement engines. The suspension travel is longer than for a typical motorcycle, with a higher ground clearance. Their construction is rugged, simple and without bodywork and fairings. Tires typically are knobby for off-road tractability because the motorcycles are designed to be ridden through rough and muddy terrain. Many off-road motorcycles are produced strictly for recreational or competitive use and are not street legal. Generally, they are equipped with two-stroke engines.

ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are designed with four wheels and may not be ridden on public roads. There are variations in vehicle designs to allow off-road sport riding or serve utilitarian purposes. Engine displacements tend to be low, but some engines share the same advanced designs as street legal motorcycles. ATVs generally accommodate one rider and are operated with the use of motorcycle-like controls including handle bars. Newer designs include automatic transmissions, electric shifters, GPS navigation systems, and larger engine displacements.

UTILITY VEHICLE Similar to ATVs, utility vehicles are designed with four wheels and typical motorcycle engines. Utility vehicles differ in that the steering mechanism incorporates a steering wheel rather than handle bars. The passenger capacity of utility vehicles differs from other off-road motorcycles in that they use a bench seat design to accommodate more than one occupant. Although utility vehicles generally do not possess many ATV attributes, they do offer off-road ability with unri- valed cargo capacity.

SNOWMOBILE Snowmobiles are similar to motorcycles but are intended to be ridden on terrain covered by a layer of snow or ice. The basic design provides an open riding position, handle bar steering control, and motorcycle-like engine configuration. Instead of a front wheel to control vehicle direction, two ski-like sleds pivot with the direction of the handle bars. Propulsion is provided by tank-like treads in lieu of a rear tire. Snowmobiles are not intended to be ridden on public roads.

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