School of Law-- Newark Catalog 2002--2004 Contents Academic Calendars 2 Dean’s Message 3 The University 5 The School of Law–Newark 6 Fa c u l t y , Administration, and Staff 8

The Law Prog r a m 28

Ad m i s s i o n s 34

Minority Student Prog r a m 36

Tuition and Fees 37

Financial Ai d 39

Student Services 47

Student Ac t i v i t i e s 52

Honors, Prizes, and Awa rd s 55

Course Listing 57

Academic Policies and Proc e d u re s 67 Important Notice: Governance of the University 77 Please note that only the printed version of this catalog Divisions of the University 78 is the official document of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. While Rutgers offers its catalogs on the In d e x 83 Internet as a convenience, the university’s online catalogs are unofficial, as is academic information offered at other Rutgers’ web sites.

The university reserves the right for any reason to cancel or modify any course or program listed herein. In addition, individual course offerings and programs may vary from year to year as circumstances dictate.

Cover Photography: Bill Blanchard

1 Academic Calendars

Dates are subject to change.

20 0 2 – 2 0 0 3 20 0 3 – 2 0 0 4 August August 21 Wednesday First-year student orientation 20 Wednesday First-year student orientation begins. begins. 23 Friday First-year student orientation 22 Friday First-year student orientation ends. ends. 26 Monday Fall classes begin. 25 Monday Fall classes begin. September September 2 Monday No classes—Labor Day. 1 Monday No classes—Labor Day. November November 28 Thursday Thanksgiving recess begins. 27 Thursday Thanksgiving recess begins. December 30 Sunday Thanksgiving recess ends. 1 Sunday Thanksgiving recess ends. December 4 Wednesday Last day of classes. 3 Wednesday Last day of classes. 5 Thursday Reading period begins. 4 Thursday Reading period begins. 9 Monday Reading period ends. 8 Monday Reading period ends. 10 Tuesday Final examinations begin. 9 Tuesday Final examinations begin. 23 Monday Final examinations end. 20 Saturday Final examinations end. 24 Tuesday Emergency examination day. 22 Monday Emergency examination day. January January 13 Monday Spring classes begin. 12 Monday Spring classes begin. 20 Monday No classes—Martin Luther King, 19 Monday No classes—Martin Luther King Jr., holiday. Jr., holiday. March March 16 Sunday Spring recess begins. 14 Sunday Spring recess begins. 23 Sunday Spring recess ends. 21 Sunday Spring recess ends. April April 28 Monday Last day of classes. 26 Monday Last day of classes. 29 Tuesday Reading period begins. 27 Tuesday Reading period begins. May 29 Thursday Reading period ends. 1 Thursday Reading period ends. 30 Friday Final examinations begin. 2 Friday Final examinations begin. May 12 Monday Summer writing courses begin. 10 Monday Summer writing courses begin. 14 Wednesday Final examinations end. 11 Tuesday Final examinations end. 19 Monday Summer session begins. 17 Monday Summer session begins. 30 Friday Commencement. 28 Friday Commencement. July July 14 Monday Summer session ends. 12 Monday Summer session ends. 16 Wednesday Summer session 14 Wednesday Summer session examinations begin. examinations begin. 23 Wednesday Summer session 21 Wednesday Summer session examinations end. examinations end. 25 Friday Summer writing courses end. 23 Friday Summer writing courses end.

2 SCHOOL OF LAW–NEWARK R U T G E R S, T H E S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W J E R S E Y

An outstanding legal At Rutgers–Newark, education, a superb we recognize that today’s faculty, strong support students live in an for public service, and a increasingly global celebrated commitment to world, with society, diversity are all hallmarks technology, and law of the School of Law– changing at an unprece- Newark. dented pace. New faculty Our faculty of nationally members and academic recognized scholars are programs reflect both our experts in their fields traditional strength in who challenge and inspire public interest law and students in a highly com- our expanding expertise petitive, yet supportive, in business law, intel- academic environment. lectual property, and One measure of the scholarship of Rutgers– international law. They also underscore our Newark professors can be seen in the abiding commitment to promoting diversity breadth of their recent publications: more at Rutgers and in society. than sixty articles in the top law reviews; A particularly exciting new academic eight books or new editions; ten book initiative is our sister school program with chapters; and countless other articles, law schools around the world. Part of our reviews, essays, and citations in a wide Eric R. Neisser Public Interest Program, it array of legal publications, newspapers, involves a series of exchanges of faculty magazines, and professional journals. and students, and a focus on clinical legal Students have the opportunity to learn education as a training tool for law schools from experts in such far-ranging fields as outside the United States. We currently have civil liberties, corporate finance, land use, established relationships with three Russian international business, gender and race and one Serbian law school, and are explor- studies, banking regulations, employment ing similar opportunities in Africa, Asia, and law, criminal procedure, and intellectual Latin America. property.

3 The School of Law–Newark continues to to the gracious facility. The courtroom also make innovative contributions to clinical attracts New Jersey court proceedings legal education, which it pioneered more several times a year, further enriching the than thirty years ago. Clinics that specialize experiential learning of our students. in diverse subject areas enable students to The Center for Law and Justice is located serve a broad range of clients in pacesetting on the Rutgers–Newark campus, the most fields of law. Students in the transaction- diverse national university in the United based Community Law Clinic, for example, States. Newark and the surrounding area serve urban entrepreneurial high-tech are home to countless major law firms, businesses, while students in the Child government offices, corporations, entre- Advocacy Clinic represent children in preneurial ventures, and public interest education and family law matters. Under groups that represent a wealth of permanent the supervision of clinical law professors, and summer job opportunities. Our Office all experienced public interest lawyers, of Career Services sponsors numerous students hone practice skills and learn the programs and events on specific career importance of legal work on behalf of the issues and practice areas to help students poor and underrepresented while working plan their careers and find employment. on actual cases. Rutgers clinics are widely Rutgers law graduates routinely report a known for their participation in significant greater than 95 percent employment status civil rights, international human rights, rate within nine months of commencement. environmental, and other cases. For close to 100 years, Rutgers has grad- The Rutgers experience is enhanced by uated lawyers who serve with distinction our home in the Center for Law and Justice, as judges, government officials, and promi- one of the finest law school buildings in the nent attorneys in public interest organi- country. Numerous features throughout zations and in the private sector. I strongly the five-story building facilitate creative encourage you to visit the Center for Law teaching, advance productivity, create a and Justice to experience for yourself the strong sense of community, and encourage distinctive education, culture, and inspir- a collegial exchange of ideas. A handsome ation that mark the Rutgers–Newark law courtroom complex affords students the school experience. opportunity to hear guest lectures by distin- guished members of the legal community, Cordially, including Supreme Court justices and other jurists, law professors, and well-known attorneys. Student-organized programs on Stuart L. Deutsch topical legal and social issues bring addi- Dean and Professor of Law tional prominent scholars and practitioners

4 In addition, several professional schools have been The University es t a b l i s h e d in such fields as management; social work; criminal justice; applied and professional psychology; the fine and performing arts; and communication, information and library studies. A number of these schools offer under- graduate programs as well. Livingston College was founded in 1969 to provide a diverse community of students with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, with more the opportunity to pursue undergraduate degrees in the than 50,000 students on campuses in Camden, Newark, and liberal arts and professions. New Brunswick, is one of the major state university systems Today, Rutgers continues to grow, both in its facilities in the nation. The university comprises twenty-nine degree- and in the variety and depth of its educational and granting divisions: twelve undergraduate colleges, eleven research programs. The university’s goals for the future graduate schools, and six schools offering both undergrad- include the continued provision of the highest quality uate and graduate degrees. Five are located in Camden, undergraduate and graduate education, along with eight in Newark, and sixteen in New Brunswick. increased support for outstanding research to meet the Rutgers has a unique history as a colonial college, a land- needs of society and fulfill Rutgers’ role as The State grant institution, and a state university. Chartered in 1766 University of New Jersey. as Queen’s College, the eighth institution of higher learning to be founded in the colonies before the Revolution, the Institutional and Specialized Accreditation school opened its doors in New Brunswick in 1771 with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is accredited one instructor, one sophomore, and a handful of first-year by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, students. During this early period, the college developed as 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA19104-2680; 215/ a classical liberal arts institution. In 1825, the name of the 662-5606. The Middle States Commission on Higher college was changed to Rutgers to honor a former trustee Education is an institutional accrediting agency rec o g n i z e d and revolutionary war veteran, Colonel Henry Rutgers. by the U.S. Secretary of Education and the Council for Rutgers College became the land-grant college of New Higher Education Ac c re d i t a t i o n . That accreditation was Jersey in 1864, resulting in the establishment of the Rutgers renewed and endorsed in 1998 at the time of its last rev i e w . Scientific School with departments of agriculture, engineer- Documents describing the institution’s accreditation ing, and chemistry. Further expansion in the sciences came may be downloaded from the university’s web site at with the founding of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment http://oirap.rutgers.edu/reports/MSA/index.html or may be Station in 1880, the College of Engineering in 1914 (now the reviewed during regular office hours by contacting the School of Engineering), and the College of Agriculture Office of Institutional Research and Academic Planning, (now Cook College) in 1921. The precursors to several other Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 85 Somerset Rutgers divisions also were founded during this period: Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1281; 732/932-7956. the College of Pharmacy (now the Ernest Mario School of Certain programs on the Camden, Newark, and New Pharmacy) in 1892, the New Jersey Law School (now the Brunswick campuses of Rutgers are subject to specialized School of Law–Newark) in 1908, the New Jersey College accreditation. For further information about specialized for Women (now Douglass College) in 1918, and the School accreditation, including the names of associations that of Education (now a graduate school) in 1924. ac c r edit university programs, please contact the Office of Rutgers College assumed university status in 1924, and Institutional Research and Academic Planning. legislative acts in 1945 and 1956 designated all its divisions as The State University of New Jersey. During these years, the university expanded significantly with the founding Licensure of an evening division, University College, in 1934, and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is duly the addition of the University of Newark in 1946 and the licensed by the New Jersey Commission on Higher Edu- College of South Jersey at Camden in 1950. cation. For more information, please contact its Office Since the 1950s, Rutgers has continued to expand, of Academic Affairs at 609/292-2955. especially in the area of graduate education. The Graduate School–New Brunswick, Graduate School–Newark, and Graduate School–Camden serve their respective campuses.

5 earned undergraduate degrees from more than 120 diffe re n t The School of Law– colleges and universities. The excellence and the diversity of the School of Law–Newark students are reflected in their varied professional interests, goals, and outlooks, making Newark cl a s s r oom discussion and other law school interactions dynamic and educationally stimulating. The faculty is as diverse as the student body and brings to the students and the classroom their experiences as nationally rec o g n i z e d experts in a multitude of legal areas ranging from corporate law to public interest law. Faculty scholarship and extra- The School of Law–Newark is located on the Newark cam- curricular work are well known and respected in the legal pus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The co m m u n i t y , as well as in the academic legal community. campus is situated in the heart of Newark’s cultural center, The School of Law–Newark has the first (and currently close to the Newark Public Library, the Newark Museum, only) New Jersey chapter of the Order of the Coif, the and the New Jersey Performing Arts Center. The social, national honor society for law students. cultural, professional, and educational opportunities of the The School of Law–Newark has had many ancestors Newark/New York City area combine to provide a fitting and locales. The oldest law school in the state, it began in location for the study of law. Newark is the largest city in 1908 in an imposing Victorian town house as a proprietary New Jersey, and the second largest in the New York institution, the New Jersey Law School. Its business- metropolitan area, with a population of approximately oriented curriculum quickly attracted many students, and 275,000. It is eight miles west of New York City and ninety by the 1920s it had become the nation’s second largest miles northeast of Philadelphia. law school. In 1927, it moved to a former brewery at Qualities that typify the School of Law–Newark 40 Rector Street. The school joined in 1936 with another include its outstanding legal education, nationally rec o g - private institution, the Mercer Beasley Law School, to nized faculty, very diverse student body, commitment to become the University of Newark Law School. public service, and affo r dable tuition. Of approximately In 1946, the entire University of Newark was absorbed by 760 students in both day and evening programs, 50 perce n t Rutgers University, and Rutgers Law School was off i c i a l l y ar e women and 38 percent are members of minority born. The new affiliation brought great advantages through gr oups. The majority of students are New Jersey res i d e n t s , the university’s substantial resources and prestige. Over the but students hail from all parts of the country and have next several decades, the school became an institution of national stature. Its library expanded to become the most comprehensive collection in New Jersey, and its faculty tripled in size. In the 1960s, the law school pioneered in developing clinical education and in providing the opportunity to study law to women and minority groups. In 1967, the school of law in Camden, which had been administered by the dean of the law school in Newark, was created as a separate unit of the university, and the original law school became the School of Law–Newark. After outgrowing several buildings in downtown Newark, it moved in 1978 to the skyscraper that became the S.I. Newhouse Center for Law and Justice. In January 2000, the School of Law–Newark moved to the new 225,000-square- foot Center for Law and Justice, located at the corner of Washington and New Streets.

ACCREDITATION

The New Jersey Law School was registered with the Board of Regents of New York on March 2, 1922. In 1941, the University of Newark Law School became a member of the Association of American Law Schools. This membership was transferred to the School of Law–Newark in De c e m b e r 1946. Also in 1941, the University of Newark Law School was placed on the approved list of schools of the Am e r i c a n Bar Association and reg i s t e r ed by the Board of Regents of New York. This accreditation and registration continued after the incorporation of the school into the university.

6 THE LAW LIBRARY Student Computer Facilities Students have access to five computer laboratories in The Law Library at the Center for Law and Justice, which the law library as well as others strategically located serves as a depository library for both New Jersey and throughout the Newark campus. Here, the university United States government documents, is the most compre- provides access to word processing, spreadsheet, and hensive public law library in New Jersey. The library also database programs, including those from the Center for houses the collection of the School of Criminal Justice, one Computer-Aided Legal Instruction, to selected legal of the leading collections in the world. databases such as Lexis and Westlaw, and to selected CD- Over the past five decades, the library’s collection has ROM programs. Classrooms equipped for computer-aided grown to more than 500,000 volumes, including 140,000 instruction and distance learning also are available. All microform volume equivalents. The collection encompasses lecture halls and classrooms with fixed seating are wired the current annotated statutory codes and the session laws for power and data communications, including the Baker of the states, federal statutes, court reports, administrative Trial Courtroom, the Robert N. Wilentz Appellate regulations, and decisions. The holdings of United States Courtroom, and other convenient locations, such as primary legal materials are supplemented by a collection library carrels. of the primary legal materials of the United Kingdom, Students have access to the Internet, email and news Canada, and Australia. services, and discussion groups through an account on The library maintains an extremely rich collection of a university mainframe system that is provided to all legal periodicals, a strong collection of legal texts, digests, entering students. Certain class materials, research annotated reports, looseleaf services, encyclopedias, and materials, and the means to develop personal web citators for United States jurisdictions. pages are accessible through the law school web site, The research value of the library is greatly enhanced by http://law.newark.rutgers.edu, and other Rutgers web sites. its access to a wide range of electronic information formats. These resources can be accessed from home and other This access includes the two major full-text legal databases, remote locations through a modem-equipped computer. Lexis and Westlaw, as well as several extensive nonlegal databases and numerous CD-ROM products.

7 Dean Deutsch is a member of several bar and national Faculty, or ganization committees concerning the legal prof e s s i o n , ethics, diversity, and legal education. These include the New Jersey Supreme Court Commission on Professionalism, the Administration, New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education, the American Bar Association’s Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar Diversity Committee and Tec h n o l o g y and Staff Committee, and the Association of American Law Schools’ Membership Committee. He also has worked with the AB A ’s Central and Eastern European Law Initiative, the World Conservation Union’s Commission on Environ m e n t a l La w , advisory committees to reform the housing and Members of the School of Law–Newark community are eviction courts of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and committed to the law and to excellence in legal education. advisory committees to the Illinois Attorney General and These shared commitments unite a group of independent the Cook County State’s At t o r n e y . He also has been chair individuals otherwise known for their diversity. The of the Environmental Law and Local Government Law faculty are graduates of law schools throughout the country Sections of the Association of American Law Schools. who have brought a variety of backgrounds in private law Dean Deutsch has served on the Board of Directors of practice, public interest law practice, and government the Chicago Audubon Society; as a hearing officer for the service to the law school. These differences in legal training Chicago Commission on Human Relations, where he and experience enable the faculty to expose students to presided over more than twenty cases and a dozen full different teaching methods and approaches to law. Their hearings; as chair of the North Suburban Fair Housing research and writing carry them to new and developing Center; and as chair of the Interfaith Housing Develop- issues of law, such as feminist and race studies, alternate ment Corporation. He was a pro bono attorney for the methods of dispute resolution, law and urban studies, and Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities, new theories of the corporation. Their work takes them the umbrella fair housing organization in the Chicago around the globe with issues such as constitutional rights metropolitan area. in developing countries, international environmental law, and models of transnational organization in the post-Cold Ronald K. Chen War world. Outside the law school, many faculty members serve on professional committees and participate in com- Associate Dean for Academic munity activities. Despite their busy schedules, faculty Affairs. (Contracts; Federal members find the time to maintain informal relationships Courts; Mass Media Law; with students. They are eager to share their knowledge of Church-State Relations.) Dean the law, to give career advice, and to provide a supportive Chen earned his A.B. from environment for the study of law. Dartmouth College and his J.D. with high honors from Stuart L. Deutsch Rutgers, where he was editor- in-chief of the Law Review and Dean and Professor of Law. a Saul Tischler Scholar. After (Property; Environmental graduation from law school, Law.) Dean Stuart L. Deutsch he clerked for the Honorable has been dean of the law Leonard I. Garth, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third school since the summer of Circuit. Before joining the Rutgers faculty in 1987, Dean 1999. He earned his J.D. from Chen was associated with the New York law firm of Yale Law School in 1969, and Cravath, Swaine & Moore. his LL.M. from Harvard Law In the last few years, he has appeared before the New School in 1974, where he was Jersey Supreme Court and the Third Circuit in cases a Fellow in Law and the ranging from the constitutionality of Megan’s Law, the Humanities. He is a 1966 New Jersey kosher enforcement regulations, the New Jersey graduate of the University hate crimes statute, and government religious displays. of Michigan. Formerly a professor of law, codirector of the Dean Chen is a member of the editorial board of the New Program in Environmental and Energy Law, and founding Jersey Law Journal, the Supreme Court Advisory Commit- director of the Institute for Science, Law, and Technology at tee on Professional Ethics, the Third Circuit Lawyers’ the Chicago-Kent College of Law at the Illinois Institute of Advisory Committee, and the New Jersey Supreme Court Technology, he also served as interim dean in 1996–1997, Committee on Bar Admissions. He has served on the New and as associate dean for academic affairs and associate Jersey affiliate board and currently serves on the national dean for interdisciplinary programs. Deutsch’s expertise is board and executive committee of the American Civil in the fields of environmental law, land use, and urban Liberties Union. Outside the law, Dean Chen is vice development. He is the author of Deutsch’s Illinois president of the United States Rowing Association and Environmental Laws Annotated, and for eighteen years was served on the international rowing jury at the 1996 Olympic coeditor of Land Use and Environmental Law Review. He also Games in Atlanta. has been a visiting faculty member at the University of Illinois College of Law; an associate professor at the University of Santa Clara School of Law, where he began his teaching career; and practiced law in New York City.

8 Frank Askin Allan Axelrod

Professor of Law, Robert E. William J. Brennan, Jr., Professor Knowlton Scholar, and Director, of Law Emeritus. (Property.) Constitutional Litigation Clinic. Professor Axelrod earned a (Civil Procedure; Election B.A. from the University of Law; Public Interest Ad v o - Michigan and an LL.B. from ca c y .) Professor Askin entered Yale. He has been associated the School of Law–Newark with Rutgers since 1960. In in September 1963 as a 1978, the Rutgers University student—after an earlier Board of Governors ap- career as a journalist—and pointed Professor Axelrod has been here ever since. He to the law school’s first was appointed to the faculty named professorship. He is upon his graduation with highest honors in 1966. Admitted the coauthor of a casebook in real estate law. to the law school without an undergraduate degree, he was awarded a B.A. from City College of New York at the same Bernard W. Bell time he received his J.D. from Rutgers. In 1970, he established the Constitutional Litigation Clinic as part of the law school’s curriculum. Under his Professor of Law and Herbert guidance, the clinic litigated the first police surveillance Hannoch Scholar. (Torts; cases in the nation; battled the FBI over the investigation Legislation; Administrative and maintenance of files on two precocious New Jersey Law; Law and Mass Com- high schoolers who corresponded with “the wrong munications.) Professor Bell persons”; defended af firmative action programs up to the earned a B.A. cum laude from U.S. Suprem e Court; challenged the New Jersey State Police Harvard and a J.D. from for stopping and searching “long-haired travelers” on the Stanford, where he was notes state’s highways; argued for the right of the homeless to editor of the Law Review and vote and to have access to public library facilities; and a member of the Order of the protected the right of grassroots advocacy groups to take Coif. He clerked for Judge their messages door-to-door and to privately owned Amalya L. Kearse of the U. S . shopping malls. He is listed in White & Woodward’s Best Court of Ap p e a l s for the Second Circuit and for U.S. Lawyers in America. Supreme Court Justice Byron R. White and then practiced Professor Askin has been a member of the national board with Sullivan and Cromwell in New York. Before coming of the American Civil Liberties Union since 1969 and has to Rutgers in 1994, he served as senior litigation counsel been one of the ACLU’s four general counsel since 1976. and, earlier, as Assistant U.S. Attorney (Civil Division) in In 1986, he was the (unsuccessful) Democratic candidate the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of for Congress in New Jersey’s 11th District, covering parts New York. of Essex and Morris counties. His memoir, Defending Rights: Professor Bell has written numerous articles that have A Life in Law and Politics, was published in 1997 by appeared in several journals, including the Stanford Law Humanities Press. Review, the Texas Law Review, the North Carolina Law Review, the Ohio State Law Review, the Pittsburgh Law Review, the Federal Communications Law Journal, and the Journal of Paul Axel-Lute Law and Politics. He has been an invited speaker at the Columbia Legal Theory Workshop, the University of Deputy Director and Collection Illinois Faculty Colloquium, and the Administrative and Development Librarian. Mr. Regulatory Law Section of the American Bar Association, Axel-Lute earned a B.A. from and has been a visiting professor at the George Washington Brandeis University and an University School of Law. Professor Bell currently serves as M.L.S. from Rutgers. He the Dean’s representative on the New Jersey Law Revision joined the law library faculty Commission, is vice chairperson of both the Constitutional in 1973. He is the author of Law and Separation of Powers Committee and the Legis- the New Jersey Legal Research lative Process and Lobbying Committee of the ABA Section Handbook (4th ed., 1998). on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice, a member of the Federal Courts Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, and a member of the Execu- tive Committee of the American Association of Law Schools’ Section on Legislation.

9 Karima Bennoune Cynthia Blum

Assistant Professor of Law. Professor of Law and Robert E. (International Law and a Just Knowlton Scholar. (Federal World Order; International Income Taxation; Federal Human Rights.) Professor Income Tax—Corporations Bennoune graduated from a and Shareholders; Interna - joint program in law and tional Tax .) Professor Blum Middle Eastern and North joined the School of Law– African studies at the Univer- Newark faculty in the fall of sity of Michigan, earning a 1982. She is a 1976 magna cum J.D. cum laude from the law laude graduate of Harvard, school and an M.A. from the where she served as an editor Rackham Graduate School, of the Law Review. Prior to as well as a Graduate Certificate in Women’s Studies. She joining the Rutgers faculty, she practiced with Sidley & received a joint B.A. in history and semiotics with honors Austin in Chicago, and with Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton from Brown University. After receiving her law degree, & Garrison in New York. Her specialty is international Professor Bennoune was a volunteer legal adviser to the taxation. Professor Blum is the codirector of the Federal Women, Justice, and Law Project in Ramallah; staff attorney Tax Law Clinic, which she helped to establish in 1995. with the Wayne County Neighborhood Legal Services; and a visiting lecturer at Pepperdine University’s England Alfred W. Blumrosen Campus. In 1995 she served as a Center for Women’s Global Leadership delegate to the NGO Forum at the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing. Thomas A. Cowan Distinguished From 1995 until 1999, she was based in London as a legal Professor of Law Emeritus. adviser at Amnesty International. Before coming to Professor Blumrosen has B.A. Rutgers, Professor Bennoune was a visiting scholar and and J.D. degrees from Michi- then visiting professor at the University of Michigan Law gan. A labor arbitrator, he School. She has published extensively on public inter- was chief of conciliation, national law, international protection of human rights, U.S. Equal Employment women’s legal issues, and humanitarian law. Opportunity Commission, from 1965 to 1967, and special attorney, Civil Rights Divi- Vera Bergelson sion, U.S. Department of Justice, in 1968. He has been Assistant Professor of Law. a consultant to the U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. (Criminal Law; Property; Department of Housing and Urban Development, and International Law; Property many state and city civil rights agencies. He is the author and Privacy.) Professor of Modern Law: The Law Transmission System and Equal Bergelson earned her diploma Employment Opportunity (1993); Black Employment and the in Slavic languages and litera- Law (1971); and coauthor, with J. Blair, of Enforcing Equality tures with distinction from in Housing and Employment Through State Civil Rights Laws Moscow State University and (1972). Professor Blumrosen was acting dean of the School her Ph.D. in philology from of Law–Newark from 1974 to 1975. From 1977 to 1979, the Institute of Slavic and he was consultant to the EEOC with regard to agency Balkan Studies in Moscow. reorganization, selection, and affirmative action guidelines. She earned her J.D. cum laude From 1979 to 1982, he was of counsel to the firm of Kaye, from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where she Scholer, Fierman, Hays and Handler in New York City. was on the Law Review and was named to the Order of the He received the Ross Essay Award from the American Coif. Professor Bergelson has been a lecturer at Moscow Bar Association in 1983 for his article on employment State University, the Polish Cultural Center in Moscow, and discrimination law. In 1993, he was a Fulbright Scholar in the Literary Institute. Before joining the Rutgers faculty in South Africa, examining whether the U.S. experience 2001, she was an associate with Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & with equal employment programs would be useful in the Hamilton in New York for six years. She speaks Russian post-apartheid period. In 1998, Professor Blumrosen and Polish and has a reading proficiency in Bulgarian, became director of the Intentional Employment Discrim- Belorussian, and Ukranian. ination Project, funded by the Ford Foundation. The project recently published a study of intentional job discrimination in the United States and each state and metropolitan area, based on a statistical analysis of employer reports on the composition of their workforce, combined with legal standards to identify intentional job discrimination.

10 Frances V. Bouchoux As a result of considerable time spent in Israel, Professor Cantor is fluent in Hebrew and has published several Associate Dean for Admissions, articles on Israeli labor law and on comparative American- Career Services, and Insti - Israeli law. He once ranked eighth among senior tennis tutional Planning. Dean players in Israel. Bouchoux earned a B.A. in history from Rutgers College Sherry Colb and a J.D. from the School of Law–Newark, where she was Professor of Law and Judge editor-in-chief of the Rutgers Frederick B. Lacey Scholar. Computer & Technology Law (Criminal Law; Criminal Journal and a Saul Tischler Procedure; Evidence and Scholar. After graduation, Mental Health Law.) Pro- she was associated with the fessor Colb earned her A.B. in New York City office of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton psychology from Columbia where her practice areas included commercial litigation and College summa cum laude, bankruptcy. She joined the law school in 1993. Dean where she was valedictorian, Bouchoux serves on the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1988, and her J.D. magna Committee on Women in the Courts. cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1991. Prior to Susana Camargo-Pohl joining the Rutgers–Newark faculty in 1995, Professor Colb taught at Rutgers–Camden for two years, before Head of Reference and which she clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Electronic Services. A 1994 Blackmun. Her primary scholarly interest is in criminal graduate of Ursinus College constitutional law. with a B.A. in philosophy and English, Ms. Camargo- David C. Condliffe Pohl received her J.D. in 1997 from Dickinson School of Director of Development. Law and an M.L.S. from Mr. Condliffe holds a B.A. Rutgers in 1999. She joined from New York University, Rutgers Law Library as a an M.P.A. from Harvard’s reference librarian in 1998. Kennedy School of Govern- ment and a J.D. from the Norman L. Cantor School of Law–Newark. He was previously senior Professor of Law and Justice adviser for United States Nathan L. Jacobs Scholar. Programs at the Open Society (Constitutional Law; Institute, executive director of Co n t r a c t s ; Legal Aspects of the Drug Policy Foundation, Death and Dying.) Professor executive director of the Coro Foundation, director of New Cantor earned an A.B. cum York City’s Office of Drug Abuse Policy, vice president and laude fr om Princeton and a general counsel of Children’s Television Workshop, law J.D. magna cum laude from associate at Greenbaum, Wolf & Ernst and at Debevoise & Columbia, where he was Plimpton, and an executive assistant to New York City’s notes and comments editor first deputy mayor. of the Law Review. He clerked for Justice Schettino of the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1967–1968. In 1968–1969, he served in the New York University-VISTA project in urban and poverty law. He has been at Rutgers since 1970. His writing has focused on legal issues concerning the handling of dying medical patients. His first book, Legal Frontiers of Death and Dying, was published in 1987 by Indiana University Press. Another book, Advance Directives and the Pursuit of Death with Dignity, was published in 1993. In 1987, he briefed and argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in Karcher v. May, a successful challenge to New Jersey’s “moment of silence’’ law. Professor Cantor has served as a visiting professor at Columbia University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv University.

11 Marjorie Crawford Donna I. Dennis

Head of Technical and Assistant Professor of Law. Automated Services. Ms. (Business Associations; Crawford, who is also an Legal History; Securities assistant professor, received and Market Regulation.) a B.A. from Rutgers College Professor Dennis earned a in 1989 and expects to receive B.A. from Yale College, where her M.L.S. from Rutgers she graduated summa cum School of Communication, laude and was elected to Phi Information and Library Beta Kappa; an M.A. in Studies in 2003. history from Yale University; and her J.D. from Yale Law School, where she was an editor of the Yale Law and Policy Review and executive editor of AIDS and the Law. After graduating from law school, Charles Davenport Professor Dennis practiced in New York at Debevoise & Plimpton, with the Civil Rights Bureau of the New York Professor of Law and Arthur L. Attorney General’s Office, and as a partner at Richard Dickson Scholar. (Federal Spears Kibbe & Orbe, where she specialized in corporate Income Taxation; Estate and governance and securities regulation. She then enrolled in Gift Taxation; Tax Policy.) graduate school at Princeton University, where she taught Professor Davenport American legal history, was elected to the Fellowship of graduated from Chico State Woodrow Wilson Scholars, and was awarded a Whiting College and earned his J.D. Fellowship in the Humanities. Professor Dennis is currently from Harvard. He practiced at work on her doctoral thesis on obscenity regulation in in San Francisco for several nineteenth-century America. She has published several years before joining the staff articles in the area of American legal history; law, gender, of tax legislative counsel in and sexuality; and corporate law. the Treasury Department. Later, he taught at the University of California at Davis. Claire Moore Dickerson While teaching at Davis, he was appointed assistant director of the Congressional Budget Office for the Tax Analysis Division. Following his work in Washington, D.C., Pr ofessor of Law an d Arthur L. Professor Davenport began teaching at Rutgers–Newark Dickson Scholar. (B u s i n e s s and has remained here. Operating under a contract with Associations; Contracts; the Administrative Conference of the United States, he International Business directed a staff that spent a year studying procedures of the Transactions.) Prof e s s o r Internal Revenue Service and producing a report and Dickerson earned her J.D. recommendations for improvement. With others, he wrote fr om Columbia School of for the Department of Agriculture a work on the effect of La w , where she was a Stone tax provisions on the agricultural sector of the economy. Sc h o l a r , and an LL.M. in Professor Davenport has written several books and taxation from New Yor k numerous articles for various publications. Two anthologies University School of Law. She were collected and edited by him. For several years, he has also graduated from Wel l e s l e y been associated with Tax Analysts, a nonprofit, tax-exempt College, where she was a Durant Scholar. She began her organization in Arlington, Virginia, that is devoted to the ca r eer in New York City at the international law firm of publication of information about our tax systems with the Coudert Brothers, where she became a partner specializing purpose of improving the level of policy analysis. He has in international commercial transactions and worked served as special reports editor, editor-in-chief, chief principally with French multinationals. In recognition of her editorial officer, and is now consulting editor. service, the French Republic’s Centre Francais du Commerce Exterieur awarded her its Medaille d’Honneur. Following twelve years at Coudert, she became partner of, and later counsel to, Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis, a Philadelphia- based firm. In 1986, Professor Dickerson began her teaching ca r eer at St. John’s University School of Law. Professor Dickerson’s scholarship has applied socio- economic principles to business-related areas of the law, with a particular focus on standards of performance. Among her publications are “Transnational Codes of Conduct Through Dialogue: Leveling the Playing Field for Developing-Country Workers,” in the Florida Law Review (2001); “Political Corruption: Free-Flowing Opportunism,” in the Connecticut Journal of International Law (1999); “Virtual Organizations: From Dominance to Opportunism,” in the New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations (1998); and “Spinning Out of Control: The Virtual Organization and

12 Conflicting Governance,” in the University of Pittsburgh article, “Torquemada Meets Kafka: The Misapplication of Law Review (1998). Active in several professional legal the Issue Exhaustion Doctrine to Inquisitorial Admin- organizations, including the Law & Society Association, istrative Proceedings,” Columbia Law Review (1997), was one the Society for Advancement of Socio-Economics, and the of three selected by the National Equal Justice Library for American Society of International Law, Dickerson has the second biennial Edgar and Jean Cahn Award as one of served on the executive committee of the Socioeconomics the outstanding articles about equal justice for lower Section of the Association of American Law Schools. She income persons published during the twentieth century. also serves on the board of directors of both a major This article was also cited twice by the U.S. Supreme Court international commercial corporation and a nonprofit in Sims v. Apfel (2000)—a case in which Professor Dubin organization designed to help start-up enterprises. served as cocounsel and principal drafter of the petitioner’s main brief before the high court. Professor Dubin also has served as chairperson of the Association of American Law Janet Donohue Schools Poverty Law Section, a member of the board of edi- tors of the Clinical Law Review, and a member of the board Manager of Public Relations. of trustees of the Clinical Legal Education Association. Ms. Donohue, who holds a B.A. from Montclair State College and an M.A. from Nicky Fornarotto New York University, joined the law school in 2001. She Financial Aid Coordinator previously worked as an and LRAP Administrator. editor for several business Associated with the School magazines and as vice of Law–Newark since 1995, president of communications Ms. Fornarotto has a B.A. for a national trade asso- in American studies from ciation. She is currently Douglass College, Rutgers vice president for the Northern New Jersey Chapter of University. the Association of Women in Communications.

Jon C. Dubin

Professor of Law, Alfred C. Robert Francin Clapp Public Service Scholar, and Director of Clinical Programs. (Urban Legal Serials and Acquisitions Clinic; Administrative Law; Librarian. Mr. Francin, who Poverty Law.) Professor Dubin joined the library staff in earned an A.B. in three years March 2002, holds a B.A. in from Dartmouth College with political science from William distinction and a J.D. from Paterson College and is a can- New York University School didate for the J.D. degree from of Law, where he was an the School of Law–Newark Arthur Garfield Hays Fellow. Class of 2004. He previously After graduation, he served as law clerk to the Honorable served as a director of account John L. Kane, Jr., for the U.S. District Court for the District management for Information of Colorado; the Marvin M. Karpatkin Fellow on the Amer- Resources, Inc. in Chicago. ican Civil Liberties Union’s national staff; staff attorney and director of litigation for the Harlem Neighborhood Office of the Legal Aid Society of New York City, Civil Division; and assistant counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. Immediately prior to joining the faculty of Rutgers– Newark in 1999, Professor Dubin was a Professor of Law and Director of Clinical Programs at St. Mary’s School of Law in San Antonio, Texas, where he won the law school’s award for teaching excellence in 1994. Professor Dubin’s

13 Gary L. Francione Linda Garbaccio

Professor of Law and Nicholas Assistant Dean for Academic Services. Dean Garbaccio deB. Katzenbach Distinguished received her B.S. from Rutgers. She serves as the Registrar Scholar of Law and Philosophy. of the law school and is responsible for course registration, (Constitutional Law; Torts; grade recording, and student academic records. Dean Criminal Law; Criminal Garbaccio also administers all law school examinations. Procedure; Jurisprudence; Intellectual Property; Animal Helen A. Garten Rights.) Professor Francione earned his B.A. in philosophy from the University of Professor of Law and Alan Rochester, where he received Schwarz Scholar. (Business the Phi Beta Kappa O’Hearn Associations; Securities Scholarship that allowed him to study philosophy at York Regulation; Banking Regu- University in England. He received his M.A. in philosophy lation; Financial Institutions.) and his J.D. from the University of Virginia. He was Professor Garten joined the articles editor of the Virginia Law Review. After graduation, Rutgers faculty in the fall of Professor Francione clerked for Judge Albert Tate, Jr., U.S. 1984. She earned her A.B. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, and then for Justice from Princeton and her J.D. Sandra Day O’Connor of the U.S. Supreme Court. He was from Harvard where she was an associate at Cravath, Swaine & Moore in New York City articles editor of the Law before joining the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania Review. She served as law Law School in 1984, where he was tenured in 1987. He clerk to Judge Eugene H. Nickerson of the U.S. District joined the Rutgers faculty in 1989. Court for the Eastern District of New York. Prior to joining Professor Francione has written extensively in the areas the Rutgers faculty, she was associated with a New York of copyright, patent law, and law and science. His law City law firm. She is author of the books Why Bank review articles on intellectual property have been selected Regulation Failed and US Financial Regulation and the Level for inclusion in the Intellectual Property Review. He has Playing Field, as well as numerous articles on financial written four books and numerous articles on animals and regulation. the law, including Animals, Property, and the Law (1995) (foreword by William M. Kunstler); Introduction to Animal Suzanne B. Goldberg Rights: Your Child or the Dog? (2000) (foreword by Alan Watson); and Vivisection and Dissection in the Classroom: A Guide to Conscientious Objection (with Anna Charlton) Assistant Professor of Law (1992). For ten years, Professor Francione and Adjunct and Director, Women’s Rights Professor Anna Charlton operated a litigation clinic that Litigation Clinic. (Civil focused on animal protection issues. Professor Francione Procedure; Jurisprudence; has edited a book series, America in Transition: Radical Sexuality and Law; Em- Perspectives, for Temple University Press, and he has ployment Discrimination; produced and hosted various programs on political and Women’s Rights Litigation environmental topics at WBAI, 99.5 FM/NYC. Clinic.) Professor Goldberg Professor Francione serves of counsel in a number of earned an A.B. in political cases involving intellectual property, contract, antitrust, science magna cum laude from and animal protection issues. Brown University. Follow- ing graduation, she was a Fulbright Fellow performing postgraduate political science Karen Fromkes research on women and public policy at the National University of Singapore. In 1990, she received her J.D. Director of Information cum laude from Harvard University Law School, then Technology. Ms. Fromkes served as law clerk to New Jersey Supreme Court Justice holds a B.S. in industrial and Marie Garibaldi. Professor Goldberg joined the Lambda labor relations from Cornell Legal Defense and Education Fund as a Skadden Foun- University and an associate’s dation Fellow in 1991. She served as senior staff attorney degree in electronics technol- at Lambda from 1993 until 2000, when she joined the ogy from Cortland Tompkins Rutgers–Newark faculty. She has published several articles Community College. A vet- in the areas of gay rights, workplace rights, and inter- eran of the pre-emergent national human rights, and coauthored the book Strangers Internet, she managed the to the Law: Gay People on Trial. implementation and support of communications and com- puting infrastructure and services at Cornell for thirteen years. She joined Rutgers after five years of product and offer management and market development for Lucent Technologies.

14 Carlos González York, where she litigated challenges to women’s health ca r e restrictions and clinic violence. Prior to joining the Associate Professor of Law. Rutgers–Newark faculty in September 2001, she had been a (Civil Procedure; Torts; pr ofessor of law at St. John’s University School of Law, an Legislation.) Professor in t e r s e s s i o n pr ofessor of law at the University of Puerto González earned his B.A. in Rico Law School, and a visiting professor of law at Broo k l y n political science with high dis- Law School and the University of Pennsylvania Law School. tinction from the University of The author of numerous publications and conference pre- Michigan, and his J.D. from sentations on race issues, Professor Hernandez is a senior Yale Law School, where he editor for the Oxford University Press Encyclopedia of Latino/a was a senior editor of the Yale History and Culture and an editorial board member for the Law Journal. After graduation Latino Studies Journal. In January 2001, she received a grant from law school, he earned fr om Inter-American Development Bank to res e a r ch and an M.A. in political science draft a report on “The Role of Law and Legal Institutions in from Stanford University, and practiced litigation and Combating Social Exclusion in Latin American Countries.” employment law at Orrick, Harrington and Sutcliffe Pr ofessor Hernandez is fluent in Spanish, Portuguese, in San Francisco. His current research interests include and Fren c h . statutory interpretation, direct democracy, popular sover- eignty, federalism, and methods for mediating conflict Alan Hyde between legal norms. Pr ofessor of Law and Si d n e y David Haber Reitman Scholar. (Labor Law; Employment Law; Contracts.) Professor of Law Emeritus. Pr ofessor Hyde earned his A. B . (Property; Law and Human- fr om Stanford and his J.D. from ities.) Professor Haber Yale. Before coming to Rutgers, received his B.A. from City he was an instructor at New College of New York and his York University School of Law LL.B. from Yale, where he and rep r esented the National was comments editor of the Labor Relations Board in Yale Law Journal. After that federal courts of appeals. He he clerked, first for Judge is the author of Bodies of Law Charles Clark on the Second (1997) and the coauthor of Cases and Materials on Labor Law Circuit and then for Justice (2nd ed., 1982) with C.W. Summers and H.H. Wel l i n g t o n , Hugo Black on the U.S. and has been a visiting professor at Yale, Columbia, New Supreme Court. He is the author of several books includ- York University, Cardozo, and the University of Michigan ing Law of Water Allocation in Eastern United States (1958) law schools. His current res e a r ch projects include the and Political and Civil Rights in the United States (2nd ed., economics of democratic and participatory workplaces; 1967). He has been a member of the Rutgers faculty work relations in nonunion, high-technology firms; owner- since 1956. ship of information by employees; and the construction of the body in legal discourse. He is a director of the As s o - ciation for Union Democracy and frequently writes briefs Tanya K. Hernandez in labor and employment cases on behalf of the association and other employee rights organizations. Professor Hyde Pr ofessor of Law and Ju s t i c e lives in Greenwich Village with his wife, Ellen Gesmer, an Fr ederick W. Hall Scholar. at t o r n e y , and two children. He enjoys reading, sailing, (P r operty; Trusts and Estates; working out, and attending opera and dance performances, Race and the Law.) Prof e s s o r and plays the oboe badly. Hernandez earned an A.B. in sociology from Brown in 1986 and a J.D. in 1990 from Yal e Law School, where she was note topics editor of the Yal e Law Journal and chair of the Northeast Black Law Stu- dents’ Association Moot Court. She clerked for U.S. District Judge Jaime P. Pieras, Jr., in Puerto Rico from 1990 to 1992, then received a fellowship to the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy in New

15 Jonathan M. Hyman Fulbright Scholar in Australia during 1992 and in South Africa during 1997, and he has traveled to more than thirty Professor of Law and Clapp co u n t r i e s in the past decade while conducting research on Public Service Scholar. (Consti- nature conservation issues. Professor Latin has been a visit- tutional Litigation Clinic; ing professor at the Georgetown Law Center and UCLA Contracts; Negotiation, Law School, and a visiting scholar at the University of Mediation, and Al t e r n a t e California at Berkeley. He is a member of the American Dispute Resolution; Federal Law Institute, and has served as a consultant to a variety of Jurisdiction.) Prof e s s o r environmental agencies and advocacy groups. His favorite Hyman earned his A.B. from recreational pastime is scuba diving with sharks. Harvard and his LL.B. from Yale. He was codirector of the John Leubsdorf legal clinic at Northwestern prior to coming to Rutgers in 1975. He has devoted much of his time at Rutgers to litigat- Professor of Law and Judge ing civil rights and civil liberties cases with students in the Frederick B. Lacey Distin- Constitutional Litigation Clinic, including cases that guished Scholar. (Civil provided for equal employment opportunities in police Procedure; Evidence; Pro- and fire departments. Professor Hyman is an arbitrator fessional Responsibility.) and mediator, and serves as associate director of the Professor Leubsdorf earned Rutgers Certificate Program in Conflict Management. his B.A. in 1963 from Har- He has lectured on alternate dispute resolution to judges vard, his M.A. in English in and lawyers, has trained mediators, and has written about 1964 from Stanford, and his lawyers’ settlement practices and other conflict resolution J.D. in 1967 from Harvard. issues. When on leave from the law school, Professor Professor Leubsdorf was a Hyman has been of counsel to a large law firm, and has member of the faculty at the taught at UCLALaw School and at the University of Essex, Boston University School of Law before joining the Rutgers England. He currently is a member of the board of editors faculty in 1985 and has been visiting professor at Columbia, of the Clinical Law Review. University of California at Berkeley, Cornell, and Cardo z o law schools, and a Fulbright Scholar in Paris. He has written a book on French legal ethics and articles on such topics as Charles Jones civil pro c e d u r e, the legal profession, remedies, and decon- st r uction. He was associate reporter for the Restatement of Associate Professor of Law. Law Governing Lawyers. (Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure; Civil Rights; Susan Lyons Constitutional Law II; Race Law Theory.) Professor Jones earned his J.D. from Government Documents and the University of Illinois and Reference Librarian. Ms. Lyons his M.P.A. from Harvard oversees the library’s federal as a graduate of the John F. and state depository docu- Kennedy School of Govern- ments collections. She ment, prior to which he was received a B.A. from SUNY, at the NAACP Legal Defense an M.L.S. from Queens Fund. He joined the Rutgers faculty in 1970. His research College, and is enrolled in the and writing have focused on free speech and hate crime. J.D. program at Rutgers. She is currently president of the Documents Association of Howard Latin New Jersey and chair of the Government Documents Special Interest Section of the Professor of Law and Justice American Association of Law Librarians. John J. Francis Scholar. (Envi- ronmental Law; International Environmental Law; Torts; Products Liability; Law and Economics.) Professor Latin joined the faculty in 1976. He earned a B.A. from Brandeis and a J.D. from the University of California at Berkeley, where he was lead articles editor of the California Law Re v i e w and a member of the Order of the Coif. Prof e s s o r Latin recently has been writing in the fields of international en v i r onmental law and marine conservation. He was a

16 Gregory A. Mark Saul Mendlovitz

Professor of Law and Justice Dag Hammarskjöld Professor of Nathan L. Jacobs Scholar. Peace and World Order Studies (Business Associations; Emeritus. (International Law Corporate Finance; Legal and a Just World Order; Law History.) Professor Mark and Humanities.) Professor earned a B.A. from Butler Mendlovitz earned his B.A. University, an M.A. in history from Syracuse University, from Harvard University, and and his M.A. and J.D. from a J.D. from the University of the University of Chicago. He Chicago Law School, where joined the Rutgers faculty in he was articles editor for 1956. Professor Mendlovitz is the Law Review. He was a the founding director of the teaching fellow in the history department at Harvard from World Order Models Project and a founding member of 1981 to 1985, and a law clerk to Judge Bruce M. Seyla, U.S. Global Action to Prevent War. Global Action is a trans- Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1988–1989). Professor national coalition of individuals, civil society organizations, Mark served as associate counsel for the Office of Inde- and states promoting a comprehensive political and legal pendent Counsel in the Iran/Contra matter, where he program that aims over the next three to four decades to helped develop U.S. v. Clarridge (which was terminated by drastically reduce armed violence: war, internal armed a presidential pardon); led a project on foreign intelligence conflict, and genocide. He holds membership on various and national security concerns in the prosecution of gov- boards, including the Arms Control Association, Global ernment officials; and acted as liaison to the White House Education Associates, the Law and Humanities Institute, Counsel’s Office, the U.S. Senate, the N.S.A., and the and the America-Israel Council for Israeli Palestinian Peace. C.I.A. (1989–1993). He also was an assistant professor at Professor Mendlovitz has written and spoken extensively Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, teaching Business on issues relating to international law and to the promotion Associations II (Corporations), Corporate Finance, of a just world order. He has published and edited ten American Legal History, and a seminar on the History and volumes on these matters, many in collaboration with Theory of the Firm (1992–1996); and in 1994 was a visiting Professor Richard Falk, Princeton University. Recent articles faculty member at Chicago-Kent College of Law. include “Defensive Security” in War or Health, with M. Professor Mark joined the Rutgers–Newark faculty in Datan (Zed Books); “Basic U.S. Commitment to Defend 1996. His publications focus on the areas of corporate South Vietnam War Was Unlawful Under Both Inter- finance, corporate governance, and American legal history. national and Constitutional Law,” in The Real Lessons of Professor Mark enjoys conversation about virtually the Vietnam War (Carolina Academic Press); and “AUN anything over a good cup of coffee or a nice glass of wine. Constabulary to Enforce the Law on Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity,” with J. Fousek, reprinted in The International Legal System in Quest of Equity and Universality Marie Melito (Cluwer Law International).

Associate Dean for Budget and Administration. Dean Melito, Kenneth Padilla who has worked at the School of Law–Newark Assistant Dean and Director since 1967, received the for the Minority Student Administrative Merit Award Program and Externships. in 1987, 1990, 1991, 1994, and Dean Padilla earned a B.A. in 1996. She is a member of the public policy and American International Who’s Who of institutions and a B.A. in Professionals, a member of economics from Brown the Board of Directors, University in 1992, and a Providence Rest Child Day J.D. from Rutgers in 1995. Care, Bronx, New York, and a former codirector of the At Rutgers, he served as vice Board of Directors, Sisters of St. John the Baptist Lay president of the Association Association. of Latin American Law Students and an articles editor of the Women’s Rights Law Reporter. Dean Padilla began his career as a commercial litigator with the New Jersey firm of Riker, Danzig, Scherer, Hyland & Perretti LLP. He later joined the U.S. Department of Justice as an Assistant District Counsel for the Immi- gration and Naturalization Service, New York District. Dean Padilla came to Rutgers in 2001.

17 John M. Payne Roseann Raniere

Professor of Law and Justice Director of Administrative Frederick W. Hall Scholar. (Land Services. Ms. Raniere earned Use; Municipal Corporations; her B.A. from Rutgers’ State and Local Taxation; University College. She Constitutional Law.) Professor joined the law school in Payne’s B.A. is from Yale, his 1990 as an administrative J.D. from Harvard. He has assistant/supervisor of fac- been on the Rutgers faculty ulty support services after since 1971, and served as working in the private sector associate dean from 1976 to as executive assistant and 1981, and from 1986 to 1991. office manager. She has also owned and operated a women’s health spa. Ms. Raniere is taking graduate courses Twila L. Perry in writing with hopes of matriculating in the M.A. program in English. Professor of Law and Judge Alexander P. Waugh Sr., Scholar. (Torts; Family Law; Louis Raveson Children and the Law; Race, Gender, and Tort Law.) Professor of Law. (Urban Professor Perry earned her Legal Clinic; Evidence; B.A. from Mount Holyoke Contracts.) Professor Raveson College, her M.S.W. from the is a 1976 graduate of the Columbia University School School of Law–Newark, of Social Work, and her J.D. where he was a member of from New York University the Law Review. After gradua- Law School, where she was tion, he clerked for Judge an editor of the Law Review. She served as law clerk to Phillip Forman of the U.S. Judge Mary Johnson Lowe of the U.S. District Court for the Court of Appeals for the Southern District of New York and was associated with the Third Circuit, and then New York City law firm of Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam and practiced with Essex-Newark Roberts. Prior to joining the Rutgers faculty in the spring of Legal Services. He also was a staff attorney in the Urban 1984, Professor Perry was an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Legal Clinic prior to his appointment to the faculty in 1981. Southern District of New York. Professor Raveson was on leave from 1985 to 1987 to serve as assistant commissioner of the New Jersey Department of the Public Advocate. James Gray Pope

Professor of Law and Sidney Carol A. Roehrenbeck Reitman Scholar. (Consti- tutional Law; Constitutional Associate Dean, Director of Theory; Labor Law; Labor the Law Library, an d Pr ofessor Law History; Civil Dis- of Law. (Advanced Legal obedience.) Professor Pope Re s e a rc h .) Dean Roehrenbeck earned his A.B. in 1974 and earned her B.A. from the J.D. in 1983 from Harvard. University of Delaware, He served as law clerk to her M.L.S. from Rutgers Chief Justice Rose E. Bird University (New Brunswick), of the California Supreme and her J.D. from the School Court. Prior to joining the of Law–Newark. She served Rutgers faculty in 1986, Professor Pope was associated with as head of public services a Boston law firm, where he represented labor unions and and a legal research employees. Before his legal education, he worked as a instructor at Rutgers–Newark from 1976 to 1979. Before machinist and shipwelder. returning to Rutgers, she served as the director of the Nova Southeastern School of Law in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. In addition to her experience in academic libraries, she worked for the Federal Reserve Board, the New York Public Library, the Massachusetts Continuing Legal Edu- cation Association, and Pennie & Edmonds in New York City. She has served as a library consultant and as a site inspector for the American Bar Association and the Asso- ciation of American Law Schools. She has been a member of numerous professional committees and associations, including AALL, COSELL, SEFLIN, SFALL, NJLLA, and the Cosmopolitan Group, serving as chair of many. She also

18 has written and published numerous articles and books on Phyllis Schultze topics ranging from legal research to legislative history, to blood alcohol evidence. Her most recent book is Complying Criminal Justice Librarian. Ms. with the ADA: Law Library Services and Facilities. Schultze earned her B.S. degree from Calvin College Andrew Rothman and her M.L.S. from Rutgers. She serves as cochair of the World Criminal Justice Assistant Dean for Academic Library Network and is a Administration. Dean member of the American Rothman holds a B.A. from Society of Criminology and Yale University, an M.F.A. the Academy of Criminal from the University of Justice Sciences. She is Pennsylvania, and a J.D. from coauthor of Criminal Justice the School of Law–Newark. Information: How to Find It, How to Use It (Oryx Press, 1998), He was previously assistant and recently served on the editorial board for the dean and instructor at Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment (Sage, 2002). Parsons School of Design, law associate at Greenbaum, Rowe, Smith, Ravin, Davis & Diana Sclar Himmel, of counsel at Goldstein Lite & DePalma, and law partner at Goldstein Lem, LLC. In addition to serving as Associate Professor of Law. dean of students and assistant dean for academic affairs, he (Conflict of Laws; Federal is also associate director of the Community Law Clinic, and Courts; Property.) Professor instructor in Advanced Contracts, Non-Profit Corporations, Sclar earned her A.B., with Professional Responsibility, and New Jersey Practice. distinction, from Stanford University and her J.D. from Sabrina Safrin the University of California at Berkeley (Boalt Hall), where she was notes and Assistant Professor of Law. comments editor of the Law (Patent Law; Contracts.) Review and a member of the Professor Safrin earned her Order of the Coif. Before J.D. from Boalt Hall School joining the Rutgers faculty, she practiced law with a firm of Law at the University of in San Francisco and with a federal government agency California at Berkeley and in Washington, D.C. and was an adjunct professor at her B.A. magna cum laude Georgetown University Law School. When not reading, from Pomona College. She teaching, or writing about the law, Professor Sclar often clerked for Chief Judge Mary can be found in her kitchen experimenting with yet another M. Schroeder of the U.S. recipe and wondering how to squeeze in more shelves Court of Appeals for the to hold the latest additions to her collection of more than Ninth Circuit and was 500 cookbooks. an associate at the San Francisco law firm of Hanson & Bridgett. For eight years she was an attorney-adviser at the Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State, Keith Sharfman where she helped negotiate treaties and international instruments pertaining to biotechnology, biological diver- Associate Professor of Law. sity, and marine pollution. Prior to that, she served as legal (Antitrust; Bankruptcy; counsel for diplomatic law and litigation and as legal Corporate Finance; Law counsel for African affairs. She is a recipient of several and Economics.) Professor Department of State awards for outstanding service. Prior Sharfman earned a B.A. in to joining the Rutgers faculty in September 2002, Professor economics and international Safrin was a visiting scholar at the Environmental Law relations from Johns Hopkins Institute and an Open Society Institute Individual Projects University and a J.D. from Fellow in Washington, D.C. She is a frequent lecturer on the University of Chicago. international issues related to biotechnology. Following law school, he clerked for the Honorable Frank H. Easterbrook of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and then was an associate at Latham & Watkins in New York. Before joining the Rutgers–Newark faculty, Professor Sharfman was Visiting Assistant Pr ofessor of Law and John M. Olin Fellow at Cornell Law School.

19 Annamay Sheppard Evie Task

Alfred Clapp Service Professor Senior Alumni Relations of Law Emerita. (Civil Liber- Officer. A 1987 Rutgers ties.) Professor Sheppard graduate with a B.A. from earned her B.S. and M.S. the School of Communi- from Cornell and her J.D. cation, Ms. Task maintains from Rutgers. In private strong connections to the practice for several years, university, where she has she served as assistant been an adjunct professor administrator for Newark and a member of her alumni Legal Services until 1970, association board. After when she joined the Rutgers ten years with the American faculty. She is a member of Cancer Society in public the editorial board of the New Jersey Law Journal. relations and development, she came to Rutgers–Newark in 1999 and joined the law school in 2001. Peter Simmons George Thomas University Professor. (Prop- erty; Land-Use Controls; Professor of Law and Judge Housing and Policy.) Alexander P. Waugh, Sr,. Professor Simmons earned Distinguished Scholar. his A.B. and LL.B. from the (Criminal Law; Criminal University of California at Procedure; Criminal Berkeley, where he was asso- Adjudication.) Professor ciate editor of the California Thomas has a B.S. from the Law Review. Following gradu- University of Tennessee, an ation, he was an Alvord Law M.F.A. (creative writing) and Fellow at the University of J.D. from the University of Wisconsin. He joined the Iowa, and an LL.M. and Rutgers faculty as dean in 1975 and served in that capacity J.S.D. from Washington until 1993, when he was named a Univesity Professor. Pro- University in St. Louis. Prior to joining the Rutgers faculty fessor Simmons has taught at Ohio State, the State Univer- in 1986, he practiced law in Tennessee and was a member sity of New York at Buffalo, the University of Illinois, Case of the University of Tennessee faculty. He is the author of Western Reserve, and the University of California. He has Double Jeopardy: The History, the Law and the coauthor of The been a member of the New Jersey Law Revision Com- Miranda Debate (with Richard Leo) and Criminal Procedure: mission, the New Jersey Supreme Court’s Advisory Principles, Policies, and Perspectives (with Joshua Dressler). Committee on the Bar Examination, the New Jersey State Professor Thomas has published thirty-five articles. Some Bar Association’s Committee on Legal Education, and the placements include the law reviews of Michigan, Virginia, New Jersey Supreme Court’s Task Force on Minority UCLA, NYU, California, and Northwestern. He enjoys Concerns. He also has been a trustee of the New Jersey gardening, jogging, reading fiction, and working on novels Institute for Continuing Legal Education and a Justice of that he never finishes. the Peace. Currently, he teaches in the urban planning pr ogram in New Brunswick as well as at the law school. Paul L. Tractenberg

Alfred Slocum Board of Governors Distin- guished Service Professor Professor of Law Emeritus. and Alfred C. Clapp Distin - (Property; Civil Rights.) guished Service Professor of Professor Slocum is a Law. (Contracts; Education graduate of the School of Law; Negotiations; Com- Law–Newark, having first plementary Dispute Reso- obtained his B.S. at Newark lution.) Professor Tractenberg College of Engineering and earned his B.A. from later receiving an LL.M. from Wesleyan and his J.D. from Yale. He served as chairman the University of Michigan, of the National Office of the where he was associate Council for Legal Educational editor of the Law Review. He joined the faculty in 1970, after Opportunities in Washington being associated with two major New York City law firms, from 1977 to 1979. He returned to the law school in 1990 the Peace Corps, and the Governor’s Committee to Study following an extended leave as the commissioner of the New York Human Rights Laws. He is the author of New Jersey Department of the Public Advocate. numerous books, articles, and papers on education law; a frequent lecturer; and consultant and adviser to many national, regional, and state organizations and agencies.

20 In 1973, he established the Education Law Center, a public Troutt is currently at work on another book of fictional interest law project, and served as its director for three narratives as well as an article about trademark law and years. He is involved in a number of landmark constitu- commodification. He and his wife, Shawn, live in Brooklyn. tional cases about public education. In September 2000, Professor Tractenberg established and is directing the Anita Walton Institute on Education Law and Policy, an interdisciplinary research project. Professor Tractenberg has built upon long- standing interests in the lawyering process and in dispute Director of Admissions. resolution by teaching three seminars, by serving as faculty Ms. Walton received a B.A. adviser to the law school’s regional and national cham- from Boston University pionship negotiations and client counseling teams, and and an M.B.A. from Suffolk by writing and consulting in the field. He is the author University. Prior to joining of a lawyer’s deskbook on alternate and complementary the law school in 1999, she dispute resolution. In his spare time, Professor Tractenberg spent fourteen years as is an avid long-distance bicyclist. Director of Student Services and Director of Admissions at the Benjamin N. Cardozo David D. Troutt School of Law. Her career in student services and Professor of Law and Justice admissions spans such undergraduate schools as Wellesley John J. Francis Scholar. College, MIT, and Boston University. (Torts; Business Torts and Intellectual Property; Mark S. Weiner Community Economic Development; Seminar on Race, Literature, and Critical Assistant Professor of Law. Theory.) Professor Troutt (Constitutional Law; earned his B.A. with dis- Professional Responsibility; tinction from Stanford Legal History.) Professor University and his J.D. cum Weiner earned his A.B. from laude from Harvard Law Stanford University, where School, where he served as executive editor of the Harvard he graduated with honors Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review. He joined the Rutgers and distinction and was faculty in 1995. As a lawyer, Professor Troutt practiced both elected to Phi Beta Kappa. public interest and corporate law, advocating on a broad He holds a J.D. from Yale range of topics including inner-city economic development, Law School and a Ph.D. in intellectual property, and commercial litigation. His law American Studies from review scholarship includes “Screws, Koons, and Routine Yale University, where he was awarded a Jacob K. Javits Aberrations: The Use of Fictional Narratives in Federal Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Education, a Police Brutality Prosecutions,” New York University Law Samuel I. Golieb Fellowship in Legal History from New Re v i e w (April 1999); “Ghettoes Made Easy: The Metamarket/ York University School of Law, and a dissertation fellow- Antimarket Dichotomy and the Legal Challenges of Inner- ship from the Mrs. Giles Whiting Foundation. He is the City Economic Development,” Harvard Civil Rights–Civil author of two books under contract: Americans without Law: Liberties Law Review (Summer 2000) (the foundation article A History of Race, Anthropology, and Citizenship (New York to the theory of antimarkets, the potential role of consumer University Press), which was awarded the President’s Book principles, and an introduction to a legal paradigm for Award from the Social Science History Association, and economic development in ghetto areas of American cities); Black Trials: The Legal Drama of Race and Citizenship from the and “Ghettoes Revisited: Antimarkets, Consumption and New York Conspiracy to Mumia Abu-Jamal (Alfred A. Knopf), Empowerment,” Brooklyn Law Review (Spring 2000) (the the- for which he was awarded a yearlong fellowship from the oretical continuation of “Ghettoes Made Easy,” specifically National Endowment for the Humanities. His most recent examining competing notions of “empowerment” through publications include “Teutonic Constitutionalism: The inner-city economic development law and the comparative Role of Ethno-Juridical Discourse in the Spanish-American utility of consumer law principles). The author of three War,” in Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American unpublished novels, in 1998 Professor Troutt published Expansion and the Constitution, eds. Christina Burnett and The Monkey Suit—And Other Short Fiction on African Burke Marshall (Duke University Press, 2001) and “New Americans and Justice (The New Press), a collection of stories Biographical Evidence on Somerset’s Case,” in Slavery & chronicling the imagined experiences of African Americans Abolition (2002). He was born and raised in Los Angeles, involved in actual legal controversies from 1830 to the and is married to Stephanie Kuduk, who teaches nineteenth- present. In addition to publications analyzing poverty in century British literature at Wesleyan University. He is an California cities, his nonfiction work includes regular affiliate faculty member of Rutgers Department of African- columns about race, law, and society in the New York Times, American and African Studies. the Los Angeles Times, and other periodicals. He recently published an essay, “The Race Industry, Police Brutality and the Law of Mothers,” in Not Guilty: Twelve Black Men on Life, Law and Justice, edited by Jabari Asim (2001). Professor

21 CLINICAL FACULTY and Canty, and unit director of Camden Regional Legal Services. She is a former president of the Association of Black Women Lawyers of New Jersey, a former barrister of the William Heckel Criminal Litigation Inn of Court, Charles I. Auffant and a former presiding municipal court judge for the Township of Irvington. Professor Canty-Barnes chairs Visiting Assistant Clinical the subcommittee on Women of Color of the Supreme Professor of Law, Community Court Committee on Women in the Courts. Law Clinic. Professor Auffant received his B.A. from Herbert H. Lehman College Laura Cohen of the City University of New York in 1979 and his Visiting Assistant Clinical J.D. from the School of Professor of Law, Urban Legal Law–Newark in 1982. He Clinic. Professor Cohen joined Rutgers in 1998 as earned a B.A. summa cum a clinical attorney in the laude from Rutgers and a J.D. Urban Legal Clinic. Professor from Columbia where she Auffant has worked as a staff attorney for Essex/Newark was managing editor of the Legal Services, as associate counsel for the Newark Board Columbia Human Rights Law of Education, and as counsel to the University of Medicine Review. She has worked as a and Dentistry of New Jersey. He has served as a commis- staff attorney for the Juvenile sioner of the Zoning Board of Adjustment of the City of Rights Division of the Legal Newark since 1997. Aid Society in the Bronx; deputy court monitor in a federal prisoners’ rights class action, U.S. District Court in San Juan, Puerto Rico; adjunct Thomas A. Borden professor of law at New York Law School; and director of training at the Juvenile Rights Division of the Legal Aid Associate Clinical Professor Society, Bronx, N.Y. Prior to joining Rutgers in 2001, she of Law and Acting Director, was senior policy analyst at the Violence Institute of New Environmental Law Clinic. Jersey at UMDNJ. Professor Cohen has appeared Professor Borden earned a frequently in print and broadcast outlets and written B.A. in English from Colgate numerous publications on juvenile justice, criminal law, University in 1984 and a and child welfare matters. J.D. from Northeastern University School of Law in 1988. He has been practicing Jack Feinstein in the field of environmental law in New Jersey for more Associate Clinical Professor than thirteen years, first with of Law and Acting Director, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Urban Legal Clinic. Professor from 1988 to 1990, and then as a Deputy Attorney General Feinstein earned a B.A. from from 1990 to 1995. In 1995, he began a solo law practice Rutgers College and a J.D. representing environmental groups and individuals in from the School of Law– water quality, land use, species protection, and hazardous Newark. He is a former staff waste remediation matters. In his community service activ- attorney at Somerset-Sussex ities, he is the musical director for the a cappella group Legal Services and Essex- Jersey Transit and also serves as a board member for the Newark Legal Services, and Nature Conservancy of New Jersey, the Partnership for former in-house counsel for Philanthropy, and the Council of New Jersey Grantmakers. the East Orange Tenants Association. Professor Feinstein specializes in landlord/ tenant law and also practices in the areas of consumer and Esther Canty-Barnes family law. He is the recipient of an Equal Justice Medal from Legal Services of New Jersey. Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Special Education Clinic. Professor Canty-Barnes earned her B.A. from Bennett College in Greensboro, N.C., and her J.D. from the School of Law–Newark. She has had extensive trial experience as a former municipal public defender for Jersey City, assistant deputy public defender for Essex County, partner with the firm of Beckles

22 Sandy Freund associated with the Prudential Insurance Company of America. He is a former chair of the New York State Bar Clinical Professor and Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Section and former Codirector, Federal Tax Law chair of the New Jersey State Bar Entertainment and Ar t s Clinic. Professor Freund Law Committee. His publications have been in the areas of earned a B.A. from SUNY at intellectual property, and entertainment, arts, and sports Stony Brook, a J.D. from law. He is a member of the editorial board of the New Jersey Hofstra Law School, and an Law Journal. LL.M. from New York University School of Law. Susan J. Kraham Prior to joining Rutgers, she was a docket attorney with Clinical Attorney, Envi - the Internal Revenue Service, ronmental Law Clinic. Ms. Office of Chief Counsel Kraham earned a B.A. in in Manhattan. linguistics from Columbia University in 1987, a Robert C. Holmes master’s degree in urban planning from New York Clinical Professor of Law; University in 1989, and a J.D. Deputy Director of Clinical from Columbia University Programs; and Director, School of Law in 1992. She Community Law Clinic. Pro- clerked for Justice Gary Stein fessor Holmes earned an A.B. of the New Jersey Supreme in government from Cornell Court and served as a Skadden Arps Foundation Fellow University in 1967 and a J.D. from 1993 to 1995. Following her fellowship, Ms. Kraham’s from Harvard Law School public interest practice focused on representation of in 1971. He joined the law individuals and nonprofit organizations in civil rights, school in 1997. Professor community development, and social justice matters as the Holmes was executive assistant director of a statewide community development director of the Newark financial institution. She joined the staff of the Environ- Housing Development and Rehabilitation Corporation mental Law Clinic in 1998. from 1971 to 1974. He then served as assistant commis- sioner of the New Jersey Department of Community Marcia Levy Affairs and later, by appointment of the governor, as acting commissioner. From 1979 to 1987, he was chief executive of the Newark Watershed Conservation and Development Clinical Professor of Law and Corp., where he supervised the management and planning Director, Eric R. Neisser Public of the 35,000-acre Newark Pequannock Watershed. In 1987, Interest Program. Professor Professor Holmes became a partner with Wilentz Goldman Levy earned a B.S. from & Spitzer, PC, where he practiced corporate transactions, SUNY at Albany and a J.D. real estate and development, sports and entertainment law, from Lewis and Clark and municipal government. In 1995, he became counsel College, Northwestern to Medvin & Elberg in Newark. His many community School of Law. She is a activities include serving as a board member/treasurer of former assistant federal the New Jersey Public Policy Research Institute, board defender in the Eastern member and secretary of Legal Services of New Jersey, and District of New York, former executive board member of Minority Athletes Networking. staff attorney for the Legal Aid Society’s Prisoners’ Rights Project, and former public defender at the Metropolitan Public Defender’s Office in John R. Kettle III Portland, Oregon. Professor Levy is also the former clinical law specialist in Russia for the American Bar Association Associate Clinical Professor of Central and East Europe Law Initiative (ABA CEELI) and Law, Community Law Clinic. former associate director of Columbia Law School’s Public (Intellectual Property.) Interest Law Initiative in Transitional Societies, specializing Professor Kettle earned his in clinical legal education in Central and East Europe. B.S. magna cum laude from She is the author of a chapter on the development of Bloomfield College in 1980 clinical legal education in the United States in the Clinical and his J.D. from Rutgers– Law Textbook (in Russian), published by ABA CEELI and Newark in 1985. He joined contributed to a chapter on clinical legal education in the faculty in 1991 as an PILI’s Handbook on Public Interest Law. She is program adjunct professor. He was director and teacher for the National Institute for Trial counsel to Stryker, Tams & Advocacy’s pretrial litigation and trial skills programs. Dill LLP from 1993 until his Professor Levy frequently comments on legal issues on academic leave in 2000. Previously, he was an adjunct CNN, CNBC, and Court TV. and visiting professor at Seton Hall Law School and was

23 Randi Mandelbaum Jennifer Rosen Valverde

Clinical Professor of Law Staff Attorney, Special Edu - and Director, Child Advo - cation Clinic. Ms. Valverde cacy Clinic. Professor received a B.A. in sociology Mandelbaum earned a B.S. from Wesleyan University, from Brandeis University; an M.A. from the School a J.D. from American of Social Work at Loyola University, Washington University, and a J.D. from College of Law; and an Loyola University School LL.M. from Georgetown of Law. She previously repre- University Law Center. She sented abused and neglected has devoted her career to children in child protection working with children and proceedings as an assistant families and has extensive experience in clinical legal public guardian at the Office of the Public Guardian in education. Professor Mandelbaum began her legal career Cook County, Illinois. She also worked as staff attorney at as a staff attorney at the Child Advocacy Unit of the Legal the Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Aid Bureau in Baltimore, Maryland, representing children Law, Inc. in matters involving child abuse and neglect, termination of parental rights, custody, visitation, public benefits, special education, and foster care placement. She then Penny Venetis went to the Georgetown University Law Center where, with another professor, she created a clinical program Clinical Professor of Law addressing the legal needs of families living in poverty. and Associate Director, Prior to coming to Rutgers, she was an associate clinical Constitutional Litigation Clinic. professor at the University of California, Hastings College Professor Venetis earned a of the Law, where she taught in the Civil Justice Clinic, B.A. in art history from Hastings’ clinical program. Barnard College, Columbia As founding director of the Rutgers Child Advocacy University, in 1983; an M.A. Clinic, Professor Mandelbaum designed and developed the in art history from Columbia interdisciplinary and collaborative clinical program, which University in 1986; and a J.D. is aimed at comprehensively addressing the needs of cum laude from Boston low-income children and their families. She has written College Law School in 1989. extensively about the legal representation of children, the Prior to joining Rutgers– legal and financial needs of kinship caregivers, and public Newark in 1994, she clerked for Judge Dickinson R. policies concerning welfare. Debevoise, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, and practiced with the firm of O’Melveny & Myers (1990–1994) in New York City. During her years of practice, she took a Carter H. Strickland, Jr. seven-month leave of absence to work on international human rights issues, including the United Nations Bosnia Visiting Assistant Clinical War Crimes investigation and the investigation of due Professor of Law, Environ - pr ocess violations in Peru’s criminal justice system, in mental Law Clinic. Professor relation to individuals accused of terrorism and treason. Strickland earned an A.B. At Rutgers–Newark, she specializes in civil rights and cum laude from Dartmouth international human rights impact litigation. and a J.D. from Columbia Law School, where he was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar and executive editor of the Columbia Journal of Environ - mental Law. He clerked for senior U.S. District Judge Joseph H. Young from 1995 to 1996, then practiced at Latham & Watkins and at Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP. Most recently, Professor Strickland worked in the New York Attorney General’s Office, where he prosecuted violations of federal and state environmental statutes and common law, defended state legislation and permitting decisions, filed amicus curiae briefs in important environmental cases, and engaged in prelitigation advocacy to reduce environmental threats.

24 Judith B. Weinstock LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING FACULTY Visiting Assistant Clinical Professor of Law, Environ - mental Law Clinic. Professor Weinstock holds a B.A. from Amy Bitterman the University of Wisconsin and a J.D., with honors, Ms. Bitterman earned her from Rutgers’ School of B.A. magna cum laude in Law–Camden. After receiv- history of art from Bryn ing her J.D., she was an Mawr and was the winner of associate at Cozen O’Connor the Dorothy Headley award. in Philadelphia, then clerked She received her J.D., with for the Honorable Judge John honors, from Harvard Law J. Hughes, U.S. Magistrate Judge, District of New Jersey. School. Prior to joining Before joining the Rutgers faculty, she served as a clerk for Rutgers–Newark, she taught New Jersey Supreme Court Justice Gary S. Stein. at Rutgers’ School of Law– Camden and practiced law in New Jersey and New York for thirteen years. She has published both fiction and SCHOOL OF LAW FACULTY nonfiction in a variety of venues. FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES Marcia Crnoevich Douglas Husak Ms. Crnoevich earned her Faculty of Arts and B.A. with distinction in Sciences–New Brunswick Spanish and French, and (Philosophy); B.A., Denison; an M.B.A. from Indiana M.A., J.D., Ph.D., Ohio State. University. Her J.D. is from the School of Law–Newark. Prior to her legal career, she was a high school language teacher and then a financial manager for the Prudential Insurance Company. She practiced corporate law at Wolff & Samson in Roseland, N.J., prior to joining Rutgers.

Kimberly Guadagno EMERITUS PROFESSORS OF LAW

Cameron Allen, Professor of Law and Director of Law Library Emeritus; B.A., Ms. Guadagno is now in private practice after serving as Otterbein; M.A., Wisconsin; M.S.L.S., Illinois; J.D., Duke deputy director of the New Jersey Attorney General’s Robert A. Carter, Judge Alexander P. Waugh, Sr., Scholar and Professor of Law Division of Criminal Justice. She was an Assistant U.S. Emeritus; B.A., LL.B., Yale Julius Cohen, A.B., M.A., J.D., West Virginia; LL.M., Harvard Attorney in both the Newark and Brooklyn offices for Arthur Kinoy, B.A., Harvard; LL.B., Columbia almost twelve years after spending several years as an James C.N. Paul, William J. Brennan, Jr., Professor of Law Emeritus; associate in a New York City firm specializing in litigation. A.B., Princeton; J.D., Pennsylvania Ms. Guadagno began her legal career as a law clerk in Sidney Posel, Professor of Law Emeritus;A.B., LL.B., Pennsylvania; M.S., Wisconsin the Southern District of New York after graduating Philip Shuchman, Justice Joseph Weintraub Professor of Law Emeritus; with honors from the Washington College of Law, B.A., Pennsylvania State; M.A., LL.B., Pennsylvania American University. Nadine Taub, S.I. Newhouse Professor of Law Emerita; B.A., Swarthmore; LL.B., Yale

25 Barbara Hoffman Amy Soled

Ms. Hoffman earned an A.B. Ms. Soled graduated from Wellesley College, cum laude, from Princeton University majoring in economics and French. She received her J.D. and a J.D. from Villanova from the School of Law–Newark. Prior to entering University. Prior to joining academia, she practiced law at Wilentz, Goldman & Rutgers–Newark, Ms. Spitzer. Before joining the Rutgers faculty, Ms. Soled taught Hoffman was codirector of Legal Research and Writing at Seton Hall Law School. the Appellate Advocacy Program at Seton Hall University School of Law, where she also taught ADJUNCT FACULTY Disability Law and Legal David Albalah, B.S., SUNY (Albany); J.D., New York Research and Writing. She is Hon. Paul W. Armstrong, B.A., Ohio; J.D., Notre Dame the author of numerous book chapters and articles on the Marilyn Askin, B.A., City College of New York; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) employment rights of people with disabilities. Philip Auerbach, B.S., Ohio State; LL.B., Pennsylvania Melvyn Bergstein, B.A., Lehigh; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Ronald Berman, B.A., Long Island; J.D., Emory Zareh Beylerian, B.S., Boston; M.B.A., J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Emily Kline Jonathan Bick, B.S., Lehigh; M.S.A., Cornell; J.D., Seton Hall; LL.M., Georgetown Ms. Kline earned her Ruth Blumrosen, B.A., J.D., Michigan Harold Braff, B.S., Wisconsin; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) J.D. from the School of John Burroughs, B.A., Harvard; J.D., California (Berkeley) Law–Newark in 1997. Anna Charlton, B.A., Virginia; J.D., Pennsylvania She practiced labor and Arnold Shep Cohen, B.A., J.D., Rutgers (Newark) employment law at Philip Cohen, B.A., Tufts; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Albert L. Cohn, B.S., Georgetown; J.D., Harvard O’Melveny & Myers, and Hon. Robert Cowen, B.S., Drake; LL.B., Rutgers (Newark) labor and employment law Harris David, B.A., Haverford; LL.B., New York and general litigation at Alfred L. Del Rey, Jr., B.S., Villanova; J.D., St. John’s Friedman Siegelbaum. In Dennis Deutsch, B.A., M.A., Pittsburgh; J.D., Dickinson Yakov Dombroff, Telshe College 2000, due to a merger, she Michael Dore, B.A., Amherst College; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) began working for Goodwin Frank Emmert, Ph.D., Maastricht; J.D., Munich; LL.M., Michigan Procter, also practicing labor Barry Evenchick, A.B., Rutgers; LL.B., Rutgers (Newark) and employment law and general litigation. Ms. Kline John Graham, B.A., Upsala; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Hon. Joseph Greenaway, B.A., Columbia; J.D., Harvard joined Rutgers as an instructor in the Legal Research and Alan Grosman, A.B., Wesleyan; M.A., Yale; J.D., New York Writing Program in 2001. Lee Hall, B.A., Northwestern; J.D., Maryland Todd Hooker, B.A., Shepard; J.D., Maryland James M. Kendrick, B.A., Manhattan School of Music;M.A., Juilliard; Ernest Nardone J.D., Rutgers (Newark) George J. Kenny, B.A., Seton Hall; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Donna Krappa, B.A., Wilkes; J.D., Temple Director of Legal Research Dale Krouse, B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M.A., Hofstra; and Writing Program. Mr. J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Nardone earned his B.A. in Richard Leavy, B.A., Rutgers; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Michael Lichtenstein, B.A., Brandeis; J.D., Pennsylvania political science from Rutgers Alan Lippel, B.A., SUNY; J.D., Brooklyn in 1973, a J.D. from the Cynthia A. Matheke, B.A., Sarah Lawrence; J.D., Rutgers(Newark) School of Law–Newark in James Maxeiner, B.A., Carleton; J.D., Cornell; LL.M., Georgetown; Dr. Jur., 1976, and an M.L.S. from Ludwig Maximilians-Universität John McMahon, Jr., B.A., J.D., Seton Hall Rutgers’ School of Commun- Susan Mello, B.S., Cook; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) ication, Information and Brian Neary, B.A., Notre Dame; J.D., New York Library Studies in 1989. He Laurence B. Orloff, B.A., Columbia; LL.B., Harvard worked as an information Fanette Pollack, B.A., Barnard; J.D., New York Jonathan Rabinowitz, A.B., Dartmouth; J.D., Albany specialist in the law school Alberto Rivas, B.A., Princeton; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) library from 1977 to 1997. He has taught legal research Judy Russell, B.A., Georgetown; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) and/or legal writing at the law school since 1980, becoming Jose Sierra, B.A., Notre Dame; J.D., Cornell director of the program in 1992. He also served in the Hon. Morris Stern, B.S., Lafayette; J.D., Rutgers (Newark); LL.M., New York Alan Thomas, B.A., Pennsylvania; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) United States Air Force from 1966 to 1970. Peter Tu, B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.; J.D., Seton Hall Hon. Charles Walsh, B.S., Fordham; LL.B., Pennsylvania Evans Wohlforth, B.Mus., San Francisco Conservatory of Music; M.Mus., Manhattan School of Music; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Douglas K. Wolfson, B.A., Rutgers; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Edward Zimmerman, B.A., Haverford; J.D., Pennsylvania Bennet Zurofsky, B.A., Rutgers; J.D., Rutgers (Newark)

26 ADMINISTRATION LIBRARY STAFF

Richard L. McCormick, President of the University; B.A., Amherst; Carol A. Roehrenbeck, Associate Dean and Director of the Law Library; Ph.D., Yale B.A., Delaware; M.L.S., Rutgers; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Steven J. Diner, Provost, Newark; B.A., M.A., Binghamton; Ph.D., Chicago Paul Axel-Lute, Deputy Director andCollection Development Librarian; B.A., Stuart L. Deutsch, Dean and Professor of Law; A.B., Michigan; J.D., Yale; Brandeis; M.L.S., Rutgers LL.M., Harvard Susana Camargo-Pohl, Head of Reference and Electronic Services; B.A., Ronald K. Chen, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs; A.B., Dartmouth; Ursinus; M.L.S., Rutgers; J.D., Dickinson J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Robert Francin, Acquisitions/Serials Librarian; B.A., William Paterson Frances V. Bouchoux, Associate Dean for Admissions, Career Services, and Susan Lyons, GovernmentDocuments and Reference Librarian; B.A., SUNY; Institutional Planning; B.A., Rutgers College; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) M.L.S., CUNY (Queens College) Marie L. Melito, Associate Dean for Administration Phyllis Schultze, Criminal Justice Librarian; A.B., Columbia; M.L.S., Rutgers David C. Condliffe, Director of Development; B.A., New York; M.P.A., Harvard; Ernest Nardone, Information Specialist; B.A., M.L.S., J.D., Rutgers J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Marjorie Crawford, Head of Technical and Automated Services; B.A., Rutgers Linda Garbaccio, Assistant Dean for Academic Services; B.S., Rutgers Karen Fromkes, Director of Information Technology; A.A.S., Cortland Kenneth Padilla, Assistant Dean and Director for the Minority Student Program Tompkins; B.S. Cornell and Externships; B.A., Brown; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Bill Hilger, Computing Unit Specialist; A.S., Thomas Edison Andrew Rothman, Assistant Dean for Academic Administration; B.A., Yale; Teodora Roberts, Bibliographic Access Manager; B.A., Philippines M.F.A., Pennsylvania; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Bernadette Carter, Unit Computer Manager; A.A., St. John’s Elizabeth Antonakakis, Director of Career Services; B.A., Syracuse; J.D., Emory Daniel Sanders, Evening Circulation Supervisor Edna Y. Baugh, Assistant Director for Clinic Administration; B.A., Hartwick; Nina Ford, Documents Associate J.D., Vermont Marvin Waterman, Unit Computing Specialist Adrienne Bonds, Assistant Director of Career Services; B.A., Douglass (Rutgers); Elaine Giordano, Assistant to the Director J.D., Seton Hall Helen Funnye, Copy Cataloger Janet Donohue, Manager of Public Relations; B.A., Montclair State; M.A., Evelyn Ramones, Circulation Assistant New York Brian Cudjoe, Circulation Assistant Nicky Fornarotto, Financial Aid Coordinator and LRAP Administrator; Yvena Hypolite, Circulation Assistant B.A., Douglass (Rutgers) Angelic Gordon, Administrative Assistant Roberta Geddis, Assistant to the Director of Admissions; B.A., Thomas Edison Barbara Martin, Assistant Director of Career Services; B.A., Rutgers (Newark); J.D., Seton Hall Mary Ann Moore, Administrative Assistant, Supervisor of Faculty Support Patricia M. Quigley, Supervising Attorney, Domestic Violence Advocacy Project; B.A., New York; J.D., Rutgers (Newark) Roseann Raniere, Director of Administrative Services; B.A., Rutgers Francina Skipper, Administrative Assistant; B.S., Rutgers (Newark) Evie Task, Senior Alumni Relations Officer; B.A., Rutgers Anita Walton, Director of Admissions; B.A., Boston; M.B.A., Suffolk

27 2 credits 0.2 residency points The Law Program 3 credits 0.3 residency points 4 credits 0.4 residency points 5 or more credits 0.5 residency points A student may not earn more than 0.50 residency points for a summer session or winter term, regardless of the number of credits earned. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Employment Restrictions OF JURIS DOCTOR The law school’s accreditation agency, the American Bar The School of Law–Newark awards the Juris Doctor Association, prohibits full-time students from working degree. Joint or coordinated degrees are awarded in more than twenty hours per week. Long hours of study Business Administration (Juris Doctor–Master of Business and class preparations are necessary for first-year students Administration), Urban Planning (Juris Doctor–Master of and, generally, the school tries to spread first-year classes City and Regional Planning), Criminal Justice (Juris throughout the day. Therefore, full-time students are Doctor–Master of Arts in Criminal Justice), Jurisprudence advised to make whatever personal arrangements may be (Juris Doctor–Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy), and necessary to be available for class on a daily basis, Monday Medicine (Juris Doctor–Medical Doctor). through Friday. Full-time students found to be in violation of this rule may be required to drop credits and become Academic Credits part-time students. Students must successfully complete the prescribed courses and electives, totaling a minimum of 84 academic credits of work. This must be done in accordance with the PART-TIME (EVENING) PROGRAM scholastic regulations of the school. In order to provide opportunities for legal education for those who are unable to attend day school because of fam- Residence Credits ily or business circumstances, the law school offers a part- time evening program that permits students to earn a Juris 1. A student must earn at least 6.00 residency points to Doctor degree in the evening over a period of four or four receive the J.D. degree. and one-half years. 2. A student earns a 1.00 residency point for any fall Meeting usually four nights a week during the first two or spring term in which the student is enrolled and years, the students in the evening program take essentially successfully completes 12 or more credits and certifies the same req u i r ed core curriculum as the daytime prog r a m . that he or she has not worked more than twenty hours This required portion of the evening program has been during any calendar week in which classes or modified slightly to balance carefully the need for a solid examinations were conducted. legal foundation with the student’s daytime activity, and attempts to permit adequate time for class preparation to 3. A student is awarded 0.75 residency points during any enhance the educational result for each individual student. term in which the student is enrolled and successfully The curriculum for the third and fourth years of the completes 8 or more credits, or in which he or she is evening program is composed of elective courses and sem- enrolled and successfully completes 12 or more credits inars, including both those traditional fundamental law but does not certify that he or she is working twenty courses useful for bar examinations and specialty offerings hours or less during any calendar week in which classes that enrich the student’s legal education. Full-time students or examinations were conducted. are permitted to enroll in evening electives if space 4. A student who enrolls in and successfully completes permits; part-time students must take the required curricu- fewer than 8 credits during the fall or spring term is lum in the evening during the first four terms. Beginning awarded no (0.00) residency points. A student may with term four, part-time students may also take electives not enroll in fewer than 8 credits during a fall or spring during the day if their schedule permits. term unless he or she has already completed the Full-time members of the faculty teach most req u i re d residency requirement. evening courses and many of the electives. Evening summer classes are available and are necessary for those 5. For residency purposes, a student who withdraws from students who wish to complete their program in four a course (with a W grade) is counted as not having years. Summer courses also are open to full-time students enrolled in the course at all. A full-time student who and some students from other accredited law schools. In fails a course and thereby falls below 10 credits but still order to assist part-time students in planning their elective successfully completes 8 credits receives 0.75 residency program, a tentative schedule of core curriculum courses to points. A student who fails a course and thereby falls be offered over the succeeding two-year period is below 8 credits receives no (0.00) residency points, but published with registration materials. the Scholastic Standing Committee, by special petition, Criteria for admission to the evening program are the may award pro rata residency points (number of credits same as for applicants to the daytime program. successfully completed/8 = maximum pro rata residency points allowable). 6. A student is awarded residency points for the summer session or winter term according to the following schedule:

28 SUMMER SESSION in the registration materials. Students who have not com- pleted the required curriculum (terms one through four) The School of Law–Newark offers an eight-week session may transfer to full-time status with the permission of the each summer. Course offerings are primarily advanced dean. This permission will be routinely granted, but the electives; the only required first-year course is Legal student must obtain schedule approval for each subsequent Research and Writing II for part-time students. Courses full-time term until all req u i r ed courses have been com- are taught by full-time Rutgers–Newark law faculty and pl e t e d . The purpose of this rule is to ensure that students adjunct faculty. Summer session is open to all law students do not elect upperclass courses for which they have not matriculated at an accredited law school, although taken the underlying first-year work. Students may transfer Rutgers–Newark law students are given enrollment priority to full-time status at any point up to the beginning of the in limited enrollment courses (e.g., Appellate Advocacy and term in which transfer is contemplated. Early notification is Trial Presentation). de s i r a b l e , however, because students who transfer after In addition to electives and seminars, Rutgers–Newark registration is complete will not be able to register for students also can enroll in the following: Attorney General closed courses. Externship, Independent Research, Judicial Externship, and Research Assistant. In most cases, the law school permits Transfer to Part-Time Status students to register for no more than 5 credits during the Full-time students, including those who may have begun summer session. For further information and registration as part-time students, may transfer to part-time status, materials, contact Diane Melito at 973/353-1167. following the same procedure required to transfer to full-time status. CHANGE OF STATUS CURRICULUM Transfer to Full-Time Status Part-time students who have completed the required por- The faculty of the School of Law–Newark believes that tion of the curriculum may transfer to full-time status si m - persons receiving the degree of Juris Doctor should be ply by completing the declaration of status form included pre p a r ed to participate effectively as lawyers in the solution

29 of both today’s and tomorrow’s legal, social, economic, and typically include such subjects as legislation, jurisprudence, political problems. To so prepare the school’s graduates, the and law and humanities. The legal research and writing faculty has designed a curriculum rich in variety and depth program offers a series of supervised legal writing assign- of experience. ments; the enrollment in these sections is approximately eight to ten students each. Required Curriculum The first year of law training is crucial for establishing Professional Responsibility a solid foundation in both substantive law and legal The law school offers a course, Legal Profession, in profes- method o l o g y . It is during this time that law students must sional responsibility. Successful completion of this course, learn the conceptual, analytical, and research methods that or an equivalent course providing instruction in the history, are essential to participating effectively as lawyers. To goals, structure, duties, values, and responsibilities of the facilitate this important training, the first-year, full-time legal profession and its members, including instruction in curriculum requires sixteen class hours per week in the fall the Model Rules of Professional Conduct of the American term and fifteen or sixteen class hours per week in the Bar Association, is required. spring term. Electives are not permitted until the required For admission to the New Jersey Bar Exam, students curriculum is completed. need not take the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam (MPRE) if they receive a grade of C or better in the Required First-Year, Full-Time Day Curriculum * course in Legal Profession. First Term Credits Contracts 4 Criminal Law 3 ELECTIVE CURRICULUM Property 4 Torts 4 Following the required courses, the law school allows the Legal Research and Writing I 1 student substantial freedom in the selection of courses and seminars. During the four upperclass terms, approximately Second Term 200 class and seminar hours are available to satisfy the Constitutional Law 5 52 or 53 credits required. Civil Procedure 5 This freedom makes it possible for the student to take Legal Research and Writing II 2 full advantage of the many areas of legal expertise within Required elective 3–4 the faculty. It permits the greatest latitude for experimen- tation in many fields of law; the broad choice of courses Required Part-Time Evening Curriculum * aids the student in developing a specialization in a particular First Term Credits fi e l d of law. The student may prepare for the general prac- Contracts 4 tice of law, government service, the world of business, or Torts 4 academic life. Students may pick courses so as to familiar- ize themselves with the evolving problems in the fields of Second Term criminal law, civil rights, civil liberties, constitutional litiga- Criminal Law 3 tion, urban affairs, and behavioral sciences as they relate Legal Research and Writing I 1 to the law or jurisprudence. Or, students may design their Civil Procedure 4 pro g r a m s so as to spend academic time with the prof e s s o r Summer Term or professors who excite their intellectual curiosity and Legal Research and Writing II 2 from whom they can best learn. Be f o r e graduation, the student must satisfy the graduation Third Term writing requirement by completing an independently Constitutional Law 4 researched paper, at least twenty-five, double-spaced pages Property 4 long, on a subject involving critical analysis of a legal ques- Fourth Term tion. The requirement can be met in several ways, including Required elective 3 submission of the paper for an upperclass course, seminar, Electives 5–8 or clinical program. Students may apply a maximum of 9 credits of “unsched- To increase individualized attention to the development uled credits” toward the 84 credits required for graduation. of legal skills, one fall-term day course and one fall-term Unscheduled credits are academic enterprises other than evening course have been designated by the faculty as regularly scheduled courses, seminars, and clinics. They “small sections.” A “small section” offers the coverage of include externships, independent research, moot court a regular substantive course but is limited to about thirty bo a r ds and competitions, and teaching and res e a r ch students. In addition, each second-term student must elect assistantships. Student journal credits are counted as half a “required” elective. The “required” electives offer per- scheduled and half unscheduled. spectives on law other than reading appellate cases, and Opportunities for Study in Depth

* Each student is req u i r ed to elect a 3- or 4-credit course from a list of courses Few, if any, American law schools require or encourage that is published each year with the registration materials. The elective students to “major” or to elect a structured series of courses courses must deal with one of the following topics: administration of in some particular field of law. A student’s interests may a complex statute, public law, perspectives on legal process (e.g., legal history, jurisprudence, economic analysis of law), or perspectives on the come to lie in some broad area, such as constitutional or lawyering process (e.g., legal profession). Some courses are limited to international or tax law. However, effective specialization first-year students and others are open to second- and third-year students first requires a broad understanding of legal doctrine and as well.

30 theory, and students are encouraged to cover much of the ERIC R. NEISSER PUBLIC INTEREST standard subject matter of law before concentrating their studies in any area of interest. For second- and third-year PROGRAM students, the School of Law–Newark offers extensive oppor- tunities to work in depth in many fields, and the teaching The Eric R. Neisser Public Interest Program is the umbrella resources of the school are continually being developed to organization for all public interest-related activities at the encourage more diversity and more opportunities for study law school. The program was created to honor the life and of areas where the legal order is particularly challenged by work of the late Eric R. Neisser, the former acting dean, new problems and conditions. The seminar, independent long-time law professor, and committed social activist res e a r ch, and clinical programs described below and the who was a beacon of public interest activities at Rutgers– expanded opportunity for interdisciplinary study can be Newark law school for twenty years, and to carry on used, on a flexible basis, to gain both practical and theoret - his commitment to civil liberties, equal rights, and ical knowledge in fields of particular interes t . social justice. The Neisser Program serves multiple purposes at The Seminar Program Rutgers. First, it gives students the opportunity to gain experience in the field of public interest and public service The seminar program varies somewhat every year. Some through pro bono activities, internships, fellowships, sum- seminars are developed in response to particular student mer placements, full-time employment after graduation, in t e r ests and requests; others are developed out of students’ and loan repayment assistance. Further, it provides pro- ex p e r i e n c e s in advanced courses. Still others are developed gramming about the public interest, which enables students as new topics that are perceived by members of the faculty to become educated about public interest issues, to interact to be at the frontiers of the law. with local communities, and to seek redress for individuals While most seminars are available to all upperclass and communities on a variety of issues. Finally, it enables students, there are prer equisites for some; enrollment is students, through a multitude of clinical programs, to expe- generally limited to no more than twenty students. In a rience a public interest/service practice in areas as diverse number of cases, admission req u i r es the instruc t o r ’s permis- as taxation, community development, legal services, crimi- sion. This allows a close student-instructor relationship and nal defense, child advocacy, special education, constitu- highly informal class discussion. Generally, at least twenty- tional litigation, environmental advocacy, and women’s five seminars are offered each year. rights. Noncurricular public interest activities include: Independent Research • pr o bono activities, such as the Pro Bono Program, the After completing the required courses, students may, with Domestic Violence Advocacy Project, and the Street Law the permission of the dean, engage in independent research Pr oject; projects in any area of the law. Research projects must be • fellowship opportunities, including the Kinoy-Stavis under the supervision of a full-time member of the law Fellowship and the Marsha Wenk Memorial Fund; school faculty. Course credit—up to 3 credits per term— • paid public interest/service-oriented summer intern- varies with the amount and difficulty of the work to be ship opportunities through the Public Interest Law completed and is determined after submission of a research Foundation; proposal and after consultation with the faculty member • after law school loan repayment assistance for those and the dean. who take underfunded public interest legal jobs th r ough the Loan Repayment Assistance Prog r a m Clinical Studies (LRAP); and • educational activities such as the First Monday Upperclass students have various opportunities to engage Symposium, the Eric R. Neisser Public Interest Prog r a m in clinical work for academic credit. The law school Annual Symposium, and participation in conferen c e s presently operates one of the largest and most expansive and job fairs. clinical programs in existence and attempts, within the limits of available teaching resources, to ensure that each Students interested in public interest/service work also upperclass student has at least one opportunity to enroll in have the opportunity to learn about the development of an intensive clinical course. rule of law internationally. The School of Law–Newark has Clinical activity normally entails closely supervised work a State Department funded grant to develop clinical legal on actual cases and problems. Students can have a direct education in three law facilities in Samara, Russia. The impact on peoples’ lives, whether by representing clients in grant includes a series of exchanges of faculty. In addition, landlord-tenant, criminal, matrimonial, or similar cases; as a partner in the Balkan Law School Initiative, Rutgers is litigating against violation of environmental laws; enhancing developing a partnership with a law faculty in Serbia, also women’s rights; correcting abuses of government power; to develop legal education. That grant envisions exchanges protecting civil rights and civil liberties; or by guarding of both faculty and students. the creation and operation of community-based nonprofit Finally, students at Rutgers can participate in a variety of organizations and new and emerging businesses. The legal clinics for credit, which give them the opportunity to faculty believe that clinical experi e n c e can be an extremely work on real cases under the supervision of clinical law useful technique for imparting both practical skills and sub- professors. These cases expose them to the legal issues stantive knowledge. Students are closely supervised by facing the poor and underrepresented, and give them the teaching faculty, and cases and clients are caref u l l y selected opportunity to develop legal skills, such as interviewing, for pedagogical value. Clinical projects are almost always counseling, negotiation, legal writing, and trial skills. directed by full-time faculty members and are operated through offices at the law school.

31 INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES Admission to the joint program requires an application with supporting materials, the Law School Admissions Test The law faculty has adopted the principle that law students (LSAT), the Graduate Management Aptitude Test (GMAT), should be offe r ed exposure to disciplines relevant to solving and the report of the undergraduate work provided by the emerging social problems, particularly those of an urban Law School Data Assembly Service. Admission decisions na t u r e. The goal in interdisciplinary education is to prov i d e , are made by a joint committee. If a candidate is rejected by at the very least, familiarization with social science vocabu- the committee for the joint-degree program, each unit may laries and nonlegalistic methods of problem solving. The admit the candidate to their own degree program under School of Law–Newark, theref o r e, permits students to their own admissions process. enroll for courses given by other Rutgers graduate faculties, The joint-degree program is currently approved for full- such as business, labor and management, economics, and time students. Part-time students nevertheless are still free political science. Students may earn dual law degrees with to apply simultaneously to the J.D. and M.B.A. programs other academic disciplines within the university, subject to and, if admitted to both, seek permission to coordinate course approval. They may receive up to 6 credits toward a the programs. law degree for interdisciplinary work. An additional 3 cred i t s Additional information about the joint program is avail- may be earned in dual-degree programs and an additional able from law school Associate Dean Frances Bouchoux. 6 credits may be earned in certain joint-degree programs. A student may not receive cr edit for courses taken prior to Urban Planning Joint-Degree Program admission to the law school. A four-year program leading to the J.D. and M.C.R.P. (Master in City and Regional Planning) degrees is offered Graduate School of Management under the joint auspices of the School of Law–Newark and Joint-Degree Program the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public The School of Law–Newark and Rutgers Business School– Policy. The program provides students interested in the Newark and New Brunswick offer a four-year program of legal problems of urban areas and the environment with an study in law and business. Upon completion of a total of opportunity to blend their legal studies with relevant work 120 credits in the program, students simultaneously rec e i v e in planning, sociology, political science, and economics. a J.D. degree in law and an M.B.A. degree in management The joint program provides for a four-year course of study or professional accounting. (separate matriculation at each school would take five years) Students normally take the required J.D. curriculum in consisting of two and one-half years in the law school and the first academic year and the core M.B.A. curriculum in one and one-half years in the Bloustein School of Planning the second academic year. In each of the four terms in the and Public Policy. Participating students enroll consecu- last two years of the joint-degree program, students enroll tively in the required first-year programs of both schools in 12 to 16 credits from among the elective offerings of the during the first two years of study, and take elective School of Law or the Graduate School of Management. To courses in the two schools during the final two years. The comply with ABA and law school residency requirements, courses in the urban planning program are offered in students must take at least 10 credits toward the J.D. degree New Brunswick. each term, either from law school offerings and/or by Persons interested should apply separately to both the applying credit from the M.B.A. program to the J.D. School of Law–Newark and to the Bloustein School of program (up to a maximum of 12 credits). With few excep- Planning and Public Policy, noting on the applications the tions, a candidate in the joint program must complete the joint nature of their request for entrance. Information about req u i r ed curricula of both degree prog r a m s . the program is available from the associate dean for aca- demic affairs at the School of Law–Newark and from the graduate director of the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 33 Livingston Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1981.

Criminal Justice Joint-Degree Program The School of Criminal Justice and the School of Law– Newark offer a program in graduate education through which persons who are admitted to both schools may receive, in four years, a joint M.A./J.D. degree. The program is designed to meet the growing need for persons who combine both methodological and broad criminologi- cal expertise with legal education. Positions as systems managers, evaluators, researchers, and administrators are likely to be available for a person with a background in both areas. The program is intended for persons seeking this type of education and employment opportunity; it is not designed for a person who wishes primarily to be either a defense lawyer or a prosecutor. To qualify for consideration for admission to the joint- de g r ee pr ogram, a candidate must be admitted indepen- dently to the School of Law–Newark and the School of Criminal Justice. More information concerning the program

32 maybe obtained by writing to the Assistant to the Director undergraduate college accredited by an accrediting agency of Admissions, School of Law–Newark, Rutgers, The State recognized by the United States Department of Education. University of New Jersey, 15 Washington Street, Newark, Applications from persons who received a baccalaureate NJ 07102-3192. degree or the equivalent from a foreign institution may be considered on a case-by-case basis. Joint J.D./Master of Accountancy Program Applicants must take both the LSAT and the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) and register for the The candidate for this degree usually must complete one Law School Data Assembly Service to be considered for full year of courses at the law school before applying to admission to the program. After preliminary evaluation of Rutgers Business School–Newark and New Brun s w i c k . applications by the admissions offices of both Rutgers and The GMAT is req u i re d . UMDNJ-NJMS, the joint committee will interview selected If accepted, the student may transfer 12 credits toward the candidates and make the final selection of students to be J.D. degree from the master of accountancy curriculum from admitted to the joint-degree program. Applicants not courses related to the law. Candidates for this degree should invited for an interview, or not selected for admission to apply and plan to enroll in the summer term after complet- the joint-degree program after the interview, may pursue ing two years of law school. This will permit the student to matriculation either at Rutgers or UMDNJ-NJMS. complete the professional accounting M.B.A. program in the A student admitted to the joint program will begin his or th i r d year of study, and to return to the law school prog r a m her first two years of study at UMDNJ-NJMS, completing during the fourth year. the core requirements for the M.D. degree according to the curriculum requirements of UMDNJ-NJMS. The student Dual J.D./M.S.W. Program will spend the next year at Rutgers completing the law In cooperation with the School of Social Work, through the school’s core requirements for the J.D. degree. The next accelerated program, full-time students may complete the three years will be spent in a combined curriculum selected requirements for the J.D. and M.S.W. degrees in four years from courses at Rutgers and at UMDNJ-NJMS. Candidates rather than the five usually needed to complete both must complete all required courses for both programs. degrees separately. Students interested in the program must Persons interested in the J.D./M.D. program must apply for admission individually to the School of Social apply separately to both the School of Law–Newark a n d Work and to the School of Law, and must satisfy admission UMDNJ-NJMS with a note attached to each application requirements for the respective schools. To receive the dual stating that admission is being sought to both schools degrees, participating students must meet the academic for participation in the six-year joint program in law standards of both programs throughout their courses of and medicine. st u d y . Both units accept up to 12 credits from the other in order to satisfy respective degree requirements. The proposed program offers two paths of study. In the first path, the student begins the program at the law school STATE BAR ADMISSION and completes the program at the School of Social Work. REQUIREMENTS In the second path, the student begins the program in the School of Social Work and completes the program at the Many states have special requirements for admission to the law school. practice of law, such as registration prior to beginning the For more information about the dual-degree program, study of law, citizenship requirements, satisfactory comple- contact the law school admissions office or the dean of stu- tion of required law school courses, and evidence of good dents for the School of Social Work. The application dead- character. These requirements for all states can be found line for the School of Social Work and both law schools is in Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admissions, published by the March 1. Current, first-year law students also may apply American Bar Association and the National Conference of for admission to the proposed dual-degree program. To Bar Examiners. Ascertainment and fulfillment of such require - apply to the School of Social Work, call the graduate admis- ments are the responsibility of the individual student, and it is sions office at 732/932-7711. recommended that students contact directly the clerk of the supreme court or board of bar examiners of the state in Six-Year Program in Law and Medicine which bar admission will be sought to obtain current rules The School of Law–Newark and the University of Medicine and regulations. and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ–NJMS) offer a joint degree, which culminates in the granting of a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Rutgers and a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree from the UMDNJ– NJMS. The program permits highly qualified students to complete the req u i r ed courses for professional degrees in law and medicine in a six-year combined sequence. A special joint-degree committee is responsible for admissions decisions and overall administration of the program. The committee is composed of the senior asso- ciate dean for education of the UMDNJ-NJMS and the associate dean for academic affairs of the law school, or their designees. Each applicant for admission to the joint program must be a citizen or permanent resident of the United States and also must have received a baccalaureate degree from an

33 Beginning students, both full time and part time, are Admissions admitted in the fall term only. Applicants who have been dismissed for academic rea- sons from another American Bar Association-accredited law school may not apply for admission as first-year students unless they have been away from law study for at least three years. The goal of the School of Law–Newark is to produce lawyers who are well qualified for the legal profession as well as representative of all segments of society. Law is APPLYING TO THE LAW SCHOOL practiced in a changing, dynamic environment, involving real people and current issues in society. The faculty of the Inquiries regarding admission to the law school and School of Law–Newark recognizes that having a student requests for applications can be done via email at body with a broad range of backgrounds, experiences, and [email protected] or through the web site, http:// accomplishments enriches the intellectual experience of law law.newark.rutgers.edu. Applications also can be requested school for all students and provides better preparation for through the admissions information line, 973/353-5557, or the practice of law. by writing to the Office of Admissions, Rutgers, The State The faculty has directed the admissions committee to University of New Jersey, School of Law–Newark, Center consider a broad range of factors, including, but not limited for Law and Justice, 123 Washington Street, Newark, to, LSAT, undergraduate grade-point average (UGPA), edu- NJ 07102. cational and employment experiences, community service, Applications may be downloaded from the law school race, ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and extraordi- web site, ht t p : / / l a w. n e w a r k . r u t g e r s . e d u , or obtained throu g h nary family circumstances. Generally, admission to the the LSAC-CD produced by Law Services. Applicants may school is based primarily on the LSAT score and the UGPA apply electronically using the LSAC-CD or the LSAC-CD with significant emphasis placed on work experience, per- on the web. Please check the Law Services web site sonal and academic achievements, and the contribution the (www.lsac.org) for specific information about these two applicant will make to the overall diversity of the school. se r v i c e s . However, for more than thirty years, the faculty has rec- Detailed instructions for applicants are included in the ognized that the LSAT and UGPA may not be the best pre- information packet. All applicants are required to take the dictors of success in law school and the legal profession for Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) and utilize the Law all applicants. Therefore, every applicant may choose to School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) for undergraduate compete for admission with primary emphasis placed transcript evaluation and submission of letters of either on numerical indicators, such as LSAT and UGPA, recommendation. The application deadline is March 15. or on nonnumerical indicators, such as experiences and accomplishments, personal and academic achievements, community service, extraordinary family circumstances, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic background. Under the DEFERRED ADMISSION nonnumerical method of evaluation, less, though still sig- nificant, emphasis is placed on LSAT scores and UGPA. There is a deferred admissions program for applicants who Please refer to the Application for Admission for additional are offered admission and are eager to attend the law information about the admissions evaluation process. school but who are unexpectedly faced with circumstances Approximately 3,200 applications for admission are that make it impossible for them to attend at present. An received each year. Of these, about one-fifth apply for the ad m i t t e d applicant may defer his or her admission for one part-time, evening program. While New Jersey residents year. All requests for deferments must be made in writing. account for nearly 80 percent of all enrolled students, all parts of the United States and thirty-one foreign countries were represented in the class entering in 2002. Of the total TRANSFER STUDENTS: ADMISSION school enrollment of about 760 students, approximately WITH ADVANCED STANDING 38 percent are members of minority groups. Nearly 60 per- cent of the students in the 2002 entering class are older than A student who has successfully completed at least one full twenty-five years of age, and about 11 percent of the day academic year (but not more than one and one-half years of students and 45 percent of the evening students have full-time study or 42 credits) at another ABA-accredited law advanced degrees. school may apply for admission with advanced standing to The minimum academic requirement for admission to either the day or evening law study program. Applications the law school is completion of the program for the bache- are accepted for the fall and spring terms. Persons attend- lor’s degree in a college or university accredited by the ing unaccredited law schools do not qualify for transfer appropriate regional accrediting association. In exception- with advanced standing. ally compelling cases, an applicant may be admitted upon The transfer applicant must submit the following: the completion of three-fourths of such a program. Generally, these students have extraordinary credentials 1. an application for admission and present a special need to accelerate their program. 2. the application fee of $50 Because of the number of applicants, interviews cannot 3. an official undergraduate transcript be conducted with each applicant. Open meetings are held 4. a copy of the LSAT score throughout the year to answer questions of general interest 5. one recommendation and to explain admissions procedures. Contact the admis- 6. a statement of good academic standing sions office or check the web site for the meetings schedule. 7. an official final transcript including at least one full year of law school work

34 Credit may be granted for courses in which the student 3. letter of good standing and letter of permission to attend has either earned a C or better on a letter grade system or Rutgers from the dean of the school of matriculation earned a grade above the lowest passing mark on any other 4. official law school transcript from the school of gr a d i n g system. Residence credit may be granted for terms matriculation in which the minimum number of credits has been earned. The amount of course and residence credit awarded varies fr om case to case. Transfer students are not able to deter- INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS mi n e an anticipated date of graduation until after receipt of the formal advanced standing statement. A transfer student Students requiring a visa for study in the United States receives credit for all courses taken at the law school from must meet the following requirements: which he or she is transferring, even when no equivalent course exists within the Rutgers curriculum. Transfer stu- 1. take the LSAT dents must take all required courses in the Rutgers curricu- 2. have international educational records evaluated by an lum unless excused by the associate dean. In all cases, the approved agency in the United States final year must be spent at Rutgers. 3. pr ovide certification of funds to meet full educational and living expenses 4. complete the School of Law–Newark admission ap p l i c a t i o n SPECIAL-VISITING STATUS 5. submit the $50 application fee ADMISSION 6. submit one letter of recommendation Applications must be filed by March 15. Students enrolled in other accredited law schools may be permitted to take courses at the School of Law–Newark with the earned credit transferred to the student’s home law school. Applications are accepted for fall and spring FOREIGN LAWYER PROGRAM terms and must be submitted by July 15 and December 1, The Foreign Lawyer Program allows foreign nationals respectively. A cumulative grade-point average of 2.0/C or who have earned a law degree in another country the better is required. opportunity to receive up to 28 credits for previous law Special admission decisions are based on the number studies and earn a J.D. degree from the School of of available seats and the student’s hardship necessitating Law–Newark upon completion of 56 credits. Contact the request. Only third-year students are considered. To the Office of Admissions for specific information about apply, the student must submit the following: this program. 1. Special Student Admission Application 2. application fee of $50

35 PRELEGAL EDUCATION Minority Student Pr eparation for law school involves a multifaceted approa c h to learning in both academic and professional environ- ments. While we do not recommend any one particular Program course of study, it is possible to sketch the desirable areas to include in a prelegal curriculum. First, the ability to express oneself accurately, both orally and in writing, is essential to understanding legal ideas. Courses such as English com- position and others designed to develop such ability should be included in an undergraduate program. Second, the pre- The Minority Student Program (MSP) reflects the School cision of thought developed in courses in mathematics, the of Law–Newark faculty’s long-standing commitment to natural sciences, and logic is an aid in the development of diversity of the law school community and to im p ro v i n g legal analytic skills and in solving legal problems. Third, a diversity in the legal profession. The MSP is available to ba c k g r ound in the behavioral sciences aids in understanding minority applicants and, regardless of race or ethnic origin, the law as a branch of the social sciences. Finally, the to disadvantaged applicants. This includes Black/African humanities—history, literature, philosophy—are desirable, Americans, Pacific Islander/Asian Americans, Hispanic/ for law is as much a branch of the humanities as it is a Latin Americans, Native Americans and Alaskan natives, social science. and disadvantaged persons who, regardless of race or ethnic origin, grew up as members of low-income families with a history of poverty, or who can demonstrate that for other reasons they are educationally, culturally, or socioeco- nomically disadvantaged. The MSP was established in 1968 when, after the urban riots in 1967, the faculty determined to pursue aggressively a policy of diversity and equal opportunity to ensure a diverse educational environment and to expand access to legal education to those who historically have been under- represented in the legal profession. Since that time, the law school has become a nationally recognized leader in providing legal education for minority and disadvantaged students. More than 1,700 law school alumni have partici- pated in the MSP, and they remain strongly interested in the law school. The School of Law–Newark recognizes its obligation to assist all students in the successful completion of law school. Therefore, the MSP provides students with various academic and professional programs designed to enhance the law school experience, employment and internship opportunities, and ties to alumni. Persons seeking admission to the MSP must specifically indicate their interest on the appropriate section of the admission application. Further information about MSP may be obtained by calling the MSP office at 973/353-5644.

36 Miscellaneous Fees Tuition and Fees Basic health insurance program part-time students, 96.66 per term (optional)† Major medical insurance plan, per year‡ 35 7 . 0 0 Spouse per year 357.00 Each child per year 357.00 Late registration fee 50.00 FEE SCHEDULE Late payment fee 125.00 Partial payment fee 25.00 2002–2003 Academic Year Reexamination and deferred examination fee 5.00 NJ Public Interest Research Group 9.65 No t e : The university reserves the right to alter the amounts (voluntary, per term) indicated on the following schedule at any time before Note: All breakage and damage to university property is the first day of classes of a term. Current rate schedules charged for in full. The university is not responsible for loss ar e available at ww w. s t u d e n t a b c . r u t g e r s . e d u / Tu i t i o n / by fire or theft of private property in its buildings. tu i t i o n _ g r a d . h t m . Application Fee, nonrefundable $ 50.00 Tuition STUDENT FEE AND OTHER CHARGES Full-time New Jersey resident,* per term 6,261.00 Full-time non-New Jersey resident, per term 9,122.00 2002–2003 Academic Year Part-time New Jersey resident, per credit 518.00 The student fee provides financial support for student Part-time non-New Jersey resident, per credit 759.40 activities, student health services and insurance, and inter- Student Fee, per term collegiate athletics. In addition, the fee is used to amortize Full time (12 or more credits) 417.00 the construction loan for the local college center and to pro- Part time (11 or fewer credits) 138.00 vide partial support for overhead operating costs of general facilities that are available to students. Computer Fee, per term Full time 100.00 Part time (based on credit hours) 20.00–47.00 Career Services Fee Full time 100.00 * For an explanation of New Jersey residency status, see Student Residency Part time 66.00 for Tuition Purposes in the Academic Policies and Procedures chapter. † Required for international students. ‡ This insurance is optional.

37 Full Time Part Time PARTIAL PAYMENT PLAN General university fee $ 12.09 $ 7.40 Student activities Students enrolled for 6 or more credits who are unable to Regular 35.00 25.00 pay their term bill in full may arrange with the local Special 10.75 5.10 cashier’s office to pay their bill, if it indicates a net balance Club sports 11.00 8.00 due of $200 or more, in three installments under the partial Student health service 96.66 payment plan, as follows: Student center operations 168.25 52.00 Facilities fee 6.25 3.00 1. First payment: 50 percent of the net balance due on or LRAP 25.00 18.50 before the due date indicated on the term bill Recreation fee 23.00 14.00 2. Second payment: 25 percent of the net balance due plus Capital improvement fee 29.00 5.00 the $25 nonrefundable partial payment fee on or before September 15 for the fall term and on or before Total $417.00 $138.00 February 1 for the spring term 3. Third payment: Net balance due on or before October 15 for the fall term and on or before March 1 for the BUSINESS/CASHIER’S OFFICE spring term Any student submitting a term bill after classes have The office for student business transactions is located in begun for the term must make payment according to the Blumenthal Hall at 249 University Avenue, Newark, NJ following schedule: 07102. The telephone number is 973/353-5423. Inquiries concerning financial obligations to the university should 1. First payment: 50 percent of the net balance due plus the be directed to this office. $25 nonrefundable partial payment fee 2. Second payment: Net balance due on or before October 15 for the fall term and on or before March 1 for the TERM BILLS spring term Any installments not paid according to the schedule Instructions for registration and payment of term bills are incur a late fee of $25. sent by mail to all students for the first and second terms In addition, for all balances not paid in full when due, with due dates indicated. Fall term bills begin mailing the the student is responsible for all costs incurred by the uni- third week in July, for preregistered students, and weekly versity to collect such debt. This may include, but is not thereafter, depending on the date of registration. Spring limited to, collection costs, litigation/attorneys’ fees, and term bills begin mailing the third week in November and court costs. weekly thereafter. Students who do not receive a term bill for the fall or spring term should promptly notify their local student accounting office. REGISTRATION It is the student’s responsibility to obtain, complete, and return the term bill on time. Students who fail to do so are Activation of Registration charged a late payment fee of $125. In addition, for all bal- ances not paid in full when due, the student is responsible A student’s registration is activated through the proper for all costs incurred by the university to collect such debt. submission of a term bill, accompanied by payment or a This may include, but is not limited to, collection costs, financial aid award letter. Activation of registration does litigation/attorneys’ fees, and court costs. not take place if there are “holds” placed on the student’s Students who are unable to pay in full by the stipulated records because of failure to meet outstanding obligations. time may pay their term bills according to the partial pay- ment plan outlined below. Termination of Registration Payment of the term bill may be made in person or by The university exercises the right to terminate the reg i s t r a - mail to the Cashier’s Office, Rutgers, The State University ti o n of any student who has an outstanding financial obli- of New Jersey, Blumenthal Hall, 249 University Avenue, gation to the university, after sufficient notice has been Newark, NJ 07102. Checks or money orders should be given to the student. The university reserves the right to made payable to Rutgers, The State University of New “hold” transcripts and diplomas as a result of nonpayment Jersey. Visa, MasterCard, and Discover credit cards also are of obligations and to forward delinquent accounts to accepted via our web site at www.studentabc.rutgers.edu. collection agencies and to levy a collection fee. “Holds” are Cash should not be sent through the mail. removed upon satisfaction of the outstanding obligation. The terminated student may petition for reinstatement of Returned Checks enrollment by satisfying the indebtedness to the university Aservice charge of $10 is assessed if a check presented and paying a $50 reinstatement fee. for payment of fee is returned to the university as uncol- lectible. If collectible payment is not made before late payment deadlines, the applicable late payment fees also ar e charge d .

38 Cancellation of Registration To cancel registration and obtain a full refund of tuition and Financial Aid fees, students must notify the registrar in writing prior to the first day of classes. Astudent whose registration is canceled by the registrar will receive a full refund of tuition and fees, and prorated charges for room and board, if applicable. Notification of cancellation received on or after the first day of classes is treated, for billing purposes, as a withdrawal, The School of Law–Newark and the staff in the Office of and a refund will be based on the general refund policy. Financial Aid at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, are concerned with students’ educational expenses. The impact of educational expenses upon the student and his or her family is sizable, in spite of the fact that tuition at GENERAL REFUND POLICY Rutgers covers only a small portion of the actual cost of instruction for each student. In order to allow students with A student who voluntarily withdraws from all courses dur- limited financial resources to attend law school, every effort ing the first six weeks of a term receives a partial reduction will be made to assist these students in finding alternatives of tuition (and charges for room and board, if applicable) to financing their education. according to the week of withdrawal as follows: The majority of graduate students at the university, like First to second week: 80% most graduate students in America, receive some measure Third to fourth week: 60% of financial aid. The amount of support each student Fifth to sixth week: 40% rec e i v e s depends in part, of course, upon the availability of funds. Support ranges from grants covering tuition charges No reduction of tuition is granted after the sixth week. to awards sufficient to pay all educational and living The effective date of withdrawal is the date on which a expenses. The sources of support include university funds, written statement of withdrawal is received by the registrar. federal and state government funds, corporate and individ- Student fees are not refundable. ual bequests to the university, and grants from educational No reduction is granted after the tenth day of classes and scientific foundations. to students who withdraw from one or more courses, Limited funds are available from scholarships, fellow- but remain registered in others. No adjustment is made sh i p s , assistantships, grants, low-interest loans, and part- from full-time to part-time status after the tenth day of time employment to students at the school. Applicants are classes. If withdrawal from one or more courses amounts considered for all forms of aid for which they are eligible. to complete withdrawal from a program, the provision A brief description of each program appears below. All for full withdrawal applies. A student cannot complete students are strongly encouraged to file the Free Ap p l i c a t i o n a full withdrawal from class using the student telephone for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) annually. Students may registration system. contact the law school’s financial aid office or the Office of Failure to attend class is not equivalent to a withdrawal, Financial Aid, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and a student will not receive an adjustment of charges 249 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102, for unless a formal withdrawal is filed with and approved by the reg - forms or additional information. is t r a r , reg a r dless of whether the student actually attended classes or took examinations.

Refund Policies for Title IV Funds Recipients SAMPLE COSTS There are two additional refund schedules that differ Printed below are typical expenses for a full-time student, from the General Refund Policy schedule for Title IV funds based on the cost figures used for the 2002–2003 academic recipients. First-time Title IV funds recipients who withdraw ye a r . This cost of attendance is determined annually by completely from Rutgers are provided with a separate the University’s Board of Governors. Current information schedule under the Pro-Rata Refund policy. Title IV funds is available by accessing the law school’s admissions recipients who are not first-time attendees are provided and financial aid web page at la w. n e w a r k . r u t g e r s . e d u / a schedule of refunds via the Appendix A Refund Policy. ad m i s s i o n s . h t m l . For further information, please contact the financial New Jersey Resident: Nine-Month Budgets aid office at 973/353-5151. Commuter Campus Off-Campus Housing Housing Tuition $12,522 $12,522 $12,522 Student fees 1,253 1,253 1,253 Books and supplies 1,425 1,425 1,425 Room and board 2,145 7,967 9,107 Travel and other expenses 3,055 2,033 3,043 Total $20,400 $25,200 $27,350

39 Non-New Jersey on the current financial facts provided by the student. Resident Upperclass students also may apply for any available law Tuition/Expense $ 5,900 $ 5,900 $ 5,900 school scholarship funds by completing and submitting the differential law school’s institutional scholarship application by June 1. Total $26,300 $31,100 $33,250 Awards are not automatically renewable and are based on the availability of funds at the law school or the stated selection criteria of each individual fund. HOW TO APPLY Counseling is available at the law school or by appoint- ment at the university’s financial aid office to all students All first-year applicants interested in receiving financial regardless of whether or not they qualify for financial aid. When comparing aid offers from Rutgers with other institu- aid must complete a Free Application for Federal Student tions, students should remember that charges often differ Aid (FAFSA). Forms are available at the law school, at all significantly from school to school. Therefore, the important Rutgers financial aid offices, and at www.fafsa.ed.gov, the Federal Student Aid web site. Applications must be submit- thing to consider is not the dollar amount of a financial ted by March 15 to ensure full consideration for all avail- aid offer, but the difference between the total value of the able funds. Applicants should request that this information financial aid package awarded by the institution and the be released to the School of Law–Newark by listing our Tit l e cost of attending that institution. IV code (# 0 0 2 6 3 1 ) on the form. Letters announcing financial aid decisions are mailed to Part-Time Students all students as soon as possible after admission. Many Since financial need is determined by comparing a stu- funds are limited, and awards are made on a first-come, dent’s resources with the cost of attending law school, most first-served basis. Therefore, there is an advantage to sub- part-time students who are gainfully employed do not mitting an early, accurate, and complete application. First- demonstrate financial need. However, these students may year students also are eligible for institutional scholarships. be eligible for loan and scholarship programs that are not To be considered, applicants must check the appropriate need-based. box on the admissions application. No additional documen- The William D. Ford Federal Direct Stafford Loan tation is required. Program requires that a student enroll in a minimum of Upperclass students must reapply for financial aid 6 credits per term to be eligible. each year by submitting an FAFSA or FAFSA Renewal by The university has extremely limited financial aid funds for March 15. Financial aid packages are reconfigured each part-time students. All application proc e d u r es and deadlines year, and awards are based on the university’s budget and applicable to full-time students apply to part-time students.

40 SOURCES OF FINANCIAL AID Samuel S. Ferster Scholarship. Established in 1967 by friends and colleagues of the late Judge Ferster of the Wor k e r s ’ Fellowships, Scholarships, and Grants Compensation Court, who had been an outstanding humanitarian and leading member of the New Jersey Bar. Alumni Scholarships. Thanks to the generosity of our alumni, the law school is able to designate alumni scholars Ha r old David Feuerstein Scholarship. Established in 1977 each year. This designation is based on demonstrated by Mrs. Ruth Youngblood in memory of her father, who was intellectual promise and includes a scholarship award. a leader of the New Jersey Bar and a 1932 graduate of the Mercer Beasley Law School, a predecessor of the School Homer M.T. Bass Memorial Fellowship in Public Interest. of Law–Newark. Awa r ded annually to students with high Established in 1992 by Sam Freeman ’41 in honor of the late academic achievement and financial need. son of his law partner, Samuel Bass, this fellowship pro- vides financial assistance to a law student engaged in pub- Samuel Foosaner Scholarship Fund. Established by a lic service activities, especially pro bono work in the law bequest of an alumnus, Samuel J. Foosaner, this scholarship school’s clinics. provides support for Newark law school students with demonstrated financial need. Judge Francis J. Bloustein Scholarship. Established in 1971 with a gift in honor of Judge Francis J. Bloustein, the Forman Scholarship. The former law clerks of the brother of the university’s former president, this fund pro- Ho n o r a b l e Phillip Forman, a judge of the U.S. Court of vides aid to law students with demonstrated financial need. Appeals for the Third Circuit, endowed a scholarship in Raymond A. Brown Scholarship Fund. Created by the fam- honor of his seventieth birthday, to provide support for a ily and friends of Raymond A. Brown, in honor of his eight- student designated the Forman Scholar. ieth birthday in 1995, to provide support to law students Graduate Law School Fellowships. The law school awards interested in the fields of criminal and/or constitutional two Graduate Law School Fellowships annually. These fel- law. Awards will be made to full-time students based on lowships may provide complete tuition remission, depend- merit and need. ing on available funding. The principal criteria for the Ralph Johnson Bunche Distinguished Graduate Award. aw a r d are academic merit and full-time student status. Bunche fellowships provide a $13,000 stipend plus tuition David Haber Scholarship. Pr ovides assistance for a student remission for as many as two years to exceptional, new, with demonstrated interest in the preservation of the full-time students with backgrounds of substantial educa- en v i r onment. The recipient must be co n s i d e r ed to have the tional or cultural disadvantage. Established in 1979, this potential to be a prom i s i n g attorney and leader in the field of fellowship is named after Ralph Johnson Bunche, the en v i r onmental prot e c t i o n . African-American statesman, Nobel Peace Laureate, and 1949 recipient of an honorary Doctor of Laws from Rutgers. Myron S. Harkavy Scholarship. Established by the friends and relatives of the late Myron S. Harkavy, to be awarded Honorable Clarence E. Case Scholarship Fund. Established to a law student who plans to specialize as a trial attorney by friends and colleagues of Clarence E. Case, this fund and who is to be designated the Myron S. Harkavy Scholar. awards scholarships and designates Clarence E. Case Scholars at the law school as a memorial to the former chief George S. Harris Scholarship. Established by the law justice of the Court of Errors and Appeals in New Jersey. alumni as a memorial to Dean Harris, who served as dean Justice Case also was an associate justice of the New Jersey of the law school and its predecessor institutions for many Supreme Court and an outstanding leader on the bench years. This endowed scholarship provides for the annual and at the bar. designation of a George S. Harris Scholar. Dean’s Merit Scholarship. Every admitted student is con- William D. Hietanen and Robert Airgood Memorial sidered for a Dean’s Merit Scholarship. These awards are Scholarship. Established by the evening class of 1984 offered to students with a history of achievement and aca- in memory of their classmates William D. Hietanen and demic excellence who show great promise for the study of Robert Airgood, this scholarship assists an outstanding stu- law. Grants range from $3,000 to full tuition and may last dent in the evening program who is interested in practicing for your entire career at the law school. business law. It is awarded annually to a student who has completed the second year and is entering the third year of Judge John Dios Scholarship. Established in 1991 to study. Outstanding academic work, especially in the basic commemorate Judge Dios (the first Hispanic to be ap- courses of Contracts, Torts, Property, and Civil Procedure, pointed to the Newark court in 1974) upon his retirement and the intent to specialize in advanced business law are from the New Jersey Superior Court. The scholarship required. Financial need is the deciding criterion if candi- provides support for participants in the Minority Student dates for the award are otherwise equally qualified. Program who demonstrate academic potential and financial need. Institute for Continuing Legal Education (ICLE) Scholarship. The ICLE Merit Scholarship Program pro- Herbert M. and Maxine Ellend Scholarship Fund. vides a $10,000 scholarship that remains in effect for the Established in 1972 by Maxine Ellend, in memory of her duration of the student’s law school career (or $7,500 per husband, Herbert M. Ellend, a 1927 graduate of the law year to part-time students). ICLE Scholars must live in New school. Awa r ds are based on need. Jersey and have a demonstrated record of high academic Julius Feinberg Scholarship. Established in 1985 by achievement and good moral character. friends and colleagues of Judge Julius A. Feinberg, Class of 1937, honoring him on his years of service to the New Jersey Superior Court. Awa r ded annually on the basis of financial need and a rec o r d of outstanding personal and academic achievement.

41 Samuel A. Larner Scholarship. Established in 1989 by the firm of Budd Larner Gross Picillo Rosenbaum Gree n b e r g & Sade to honor Judge Samuel A. Larner on his eightieth bi r t h d a y . Awa r ded annually to a student based on academic ac h i e v e m e n t and demonstrated financial need. Aaron Lasser and Honorable Lawrence L. Lasser Scholarship. Established in 1970 by Aaron Lasser’s family and close friends in his memory. He was a professor, Alumni Association president, and leading member of the New Jersey Bar. It was renamed in 1997 to include his son Lawrence, who was the first Presiding Judge of the Tax Court of New Jersey and the first chair of the New Jersey Supreme Court Committee on the Tax Court. Lawyers-Clinton Title Company. The Lawyers-Clinton Title Company has provided the endowment for an annual scholarship for a Rutgers–Newark law school student. James J. Lembo Scholarship Fund. Established in memory of James J. Lembo, a deceased first-year law student, by his fa m i l y , friends, and staff of the Union County Prosecutor’s Office to aid deserving law students. Philip J. Levin Scholarship. Established by a grant from Janice H. Levin, in memory of her husband, an alumnus of the Class of 1929, who was a leading builder and financier. Awarded annually to students based upon academic poten- tial and demonstrated potential capacity for public service through law. Pearle F. and Seymour B. Jacobs Scholarship. Roger and Andrew Jacobs established this fund in 1980 in memory of Lucent Law Division Scholarship. Established in 1997 to their parents. Colleagues and friends of Seymour Jacobs, support promising minority students. Awarded to first-year who was a graduate of Newark Law School and who students enrolled in the Minority Student Program, who practiced as a trial lawyer in Newark for more than forty will be funded and designated as Lucent Scholars during years, also contribute to the fund. Awarded annually, the their entire law school career. scholarship is intended for students in the evening program Nicholas Martini Newark Law Research Fellowship. who work while attending law school, are interested in a Established in 1994 by a bequest of Nicholas Martini, a ca r eer in litigation and trial advocacy, and show evidence 1926 graduate of the law school, to provide a stipend to a of financial need. This is the first scholarship designated second- or third-year academically promising student who specifically for evening students. will serve as a research assistant to a faculty member. Sidney S. Kantrowitz Scholarship. Established in 1965 in Merck Patent Law Fellowship. Established in 1990 to assist memory of Mr. Kantrowitz, who, for many years, was law students who have a chemistry, biochemistry, micro- an active member and officer of the Rutgers Al u m n i biology, or biotechnology background and intend to enter As s o c i a t i o n . the patent law field. The fellowship includes a $5,000 schol- Ge o r ge A. Kaplan Memorial Scholarship. Established by arship for a first-year, full-time law student and a paid the estate of Sallie R. Kaplan to provide scholarship sup- summer internship in Merck’s patent department. port to a law student. It is awarded to a first-year, full-time Norman and Renate Mesnikoff Scholarship. Established to student based on academic merit (must have graduated support students, to be called Mesnikoff Scholars, who are in the top 10 percent of his/her class) and need; eligible interested in pursuing careers in commercial and/or bank- recipients must have submitted a FAFSA form by required ruptcy law. Preference will be given to disabled students; due date; recipients will be called George A. Kaplan awards will be based on academic merit and financial need. Scholars. Leona and Harold Meyerson Scholarship. Established Leo Kaplowitz Criminal Law Scholarship. Awarded to through the estate of the Meyersons, awards are made to students who have an interest in criminal law, who excel full-time students, to be called Meyerson Scholars, based academically in criminal law courses, and who demonstrate on merit. financial need. Ca r ol and Paul Miller Scholarship. Paul (‘62) and Carol Kinoy-Stavis Public Interest Fellowship. Founded to Miller have created this full-tuition, three-year scholarship encourage students who wish to use their legal skills for in gratitude for the scholarships that made his education the protection of constitutional liberties, and to nurture the possible. The scholarship is awarded to an incoming student development of students with outstanding academic ability with significant financial need and strong academic poten- who wish to pursue a career in public interest. Named to tial. Miller was born to a poor family, and was the first in honor Professors Emeriti Arthur Kinoy and Morton Stavis, his family to attend college. He was able to attend Rutgers who were cofounders of the Center for Constitutional Rights law school only because he received a full scholarship. in New York City, and who are recognized as two of the pre- Miller rose to the top of his profession as executive vice eminent human rights lawyers of the twentieth century. pr esident and general counsel of Pfizer Inc. He was among

42 the key leaders responsible for the growth and success of Charles Silverman Memorial Scholarship Fund. Pf i z e r , and was named one of the 100 Most Influential Established with a bequest from Charles Silverman to Lawyers in America. He also is extremely active in commu- support law students in need of tuition assistance. nity and legal affairs, and has been a board member or head Marie Slocum Scholarship. Established in honor of the of many national and international orga n i z a t i o n s . late wife of Professor Al f r ed A. Slocum and awarded Justice Morris Pashman Scholarship. The Pashman to a first-year student admitted through the Minority Scholarship supports students, preferably in the Minority Student Program. Based upon academic achievement, Student Program, who demonstrate exceptional talent and financial need, and involvement with public interes t / financial need. The scholarship, established in 1999 by his community concerns. family, friends, and colleagues, celebrates the memory of Ann Jennifer Smaldone Memorial Fund. Established to sup- Justice Morris Pashman (‘35), who served on the New port research in the field of legal rights of the handicapped Jersey Supreme Court for ten years. It provides full tuition and/or financial assistance to handicapped students and fees for the recipient’s law school career. Recipients are attending the law school who have demonstrated need. known as Pashman Scholars. They serve as reminders of Recipients will be called Smaldone Scholars. the high standards of scholarship, dedication, and profes- sionalism that Morris Pashman brought to his twenty- Honorable William F. Smith Scholarship. Established in eight-year career in the judiciary. A selection committee memory of Judge Smith in 1969, upon the first anniversary of law school senior staff and Pashman relatives and of his death, by his many friends. He was an alumnus, former clerks advise the dean on the selection of a law professor at the school, a federal district court judge, Pashman Scholars. and a distinguished member of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. George L. Pellettieri Scholarship. Established in 1979, to be aw a r ded to students from working-class families or who David S. Solomon Scholarship Fund. Memorial fund have an affiliation with a labor union. created in 1996 by friends of David S. Solomon, a 1968 graduate of the law school. It is intended to support law William S. Powers Research Fellowship Fund. Established students, who will be known as Solomon Scholars, with by a gift from the law firm of Rothgerber Appel Powers demonstrated financial need and an interest in pursuing a and Johnson to honor William S. Powers, a 1937 graduate career in labor and employment law. of the law school, on his eightieth birthday.Awarded to one or more deserving full-time law students who are interes t e d Jack Solomon Memorial Scholarship. Established in 1986 in opportunities to conduct research and writing with law by a gift from Norma Solomon in memory of her husband, faculty members. Jack Solomon, Class of 1941, who was a practicing attorney in Newark for forty years. Awarded annually to a student Mary and Jesse Ridley Scholarship Fund. Established with an established rec o r d of academic excellence, outstand- in 1992 by Jesse Ridley in honor of his late wife, Mary. in g professional promise, and demonstrated financial need. An electrician by trade, Mr. Ridley had been president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local M. Marvin Soperstein Scholarship Fund. Established in 1158 for more than thirty-five years. The income from the 1984 by the friends and rel a t i v e s of the late Judge M. fund prov i d e s assistance to promising students on the basis Marvin Soperstein, Class of 1950. Income from this of need. endowed fund provides assistance to students on the basis of need. Samuel Rubin Law Scholarship Fund. Established in 1958 as an endowed scholarship fund for law students through Donald R. Sorkow Scholarship Fund. Established in 1985 the generosity of Mr. Samuel Rubin, a friend of the school. by his friends, family, and classmates, this endowed schol- arship fund in memory of the late Donald R. Sorkow, Class Edward H. Saltzman Fellowship Fund. Endowed fund of 1954, provides assistance to students on the basis of need. established in honor of Edward H. Saltzman by his son, Michael I. Saltzman, and his family to support a student Special Minority Students Scholarship Fund. Established who will serve as a research assistant to a member of the in 1977 for students in the Minority Student Program who faculty who teaches in one or more of the fields of criminal demonstrate financial need. law, evidence, and trial practice. The student’s financial Charles J. Stamler Scholarship. Established in 1979, this need, scholastic achievement, and evidence of personal scholarship is awarded to a senior law student in good responsibility, high moral character, and integrity are con- academic standing who displays a humane sense of respon- sidered in awarding the fellowship. sibility as evidenced by his or her scholarship or extra- Jacob (Jack) Schwartz Fellowship Fund. Established by curricular activities. friends and family of the late Jacob Schwartz to honor his Inez M. Stanziale Scholarship. Established through a memory by supporting research in the fields of utility regu- bequest in the will of Inez M. Stanziale, an alumna of the lation and administrative law. Students are assigned to Class of 1948. It is awarded to first-year or returning stu- work with a faculty member who has submitted a suitable dents, based on academic merit and financial need. research proposal. Nancy B. Stiles Scholarship. Established in memory of Austin Scott Scholarship. Income from the estate of Nancy B. Stiles, an alumna of the Class of 1982, by her fam- Martin S. Steelman, an alumnus of Rutgers College, pro- ily and friends. Awarded to female students at the law vides a scholarship for a student at the law school and school who plan to enter the field of environmental law; at Rutgers College, in memory of Austin Scott, a former selection criteria include academic merit and financial need. head of the Rutgers College Department of Economics and a distinguished scholar.

43 Deborah Mallay Stoffer Memorial Scholarship. Established Judge Alexander P. Waugh, Sr., Fund. Fund to honor Judge in 1960 by a bequest from David Stoffer, late member of the Waugh and to support scholarly research. It affords the faculty of law, in memory of his daughter. The scholarship opportunity for a student to be appointed the Waugh is awarded to a qualified student on the basis of need. Fellow and to serve as a research assistant to the Waugh Scholar. Nathaniel Sunshine Scholar. One student is designated every year as the recipient of the income from a fund do- Marsha Wenk Memorial Fund. Cr eated in 1996 by family na t e d by the friends of the late Mr. Sunshine, a graduate of and friends in honor and memory of Marsha Wenk, a 1987 the school, in his memory. graduate of the law school and recipient of the Alumni Association’s 1995 Fannie Bear Besser Awa r d in Pu b l i c Judge Herbert H. Tate, Sr., Scholarship. Established in 1989 Service. It is intended to support students who are inter- by friends of Judge Tate to honor his achievements and ested in a career in public interest and in performing public memory as a distinguished graduate of the Class of 1935. interest work during law school. He was the first African-American diplomat in Asia and the first African American to serve as assistant minority leader Saul A. Wittes Scholarship Fu n d . Es t a b l i s h e d with a in the New Jersey Assembly. The award is provided to a bequest from Saul A. Wittes, a graduate of the Class of 1925, to student in the Minority Student Program based on out- provide support to students to be called Wittes Scholars. standing achievement and financial need. Saul Tischler Memorial Scholarship. Created to honor and Special State Grants perpetuate the memory of Saul Tis c h l e r , Standing Master of New Jersey State Grant (NJSG). This graduate grant the New Jersey Supreme Court, an alumnus, and former program is funded by the State of New Jersey and admin- member of the faculty of the law school. Awarded annually istered by Rutgers University for full-time New Jersey resi- to one second- and third-year day and evening student dents. Grants of $1,000 per academic year will be awarded in each class, this honor is based solely on the recipient’s based on demonstrated financial need; filing of a FAFSA outstanding academic performance. Each student is desig- form each year is required. Funds are limited and are nated a Saul Tischler Scholar in honor of the Standing awarded on a first-come, first-served basis. Ma s t e r ’s outstanding contributions to legal scholarship in New Jersey. Educational Opportunity Fund (EOF). This program is funded by the state legislature and is administered by Union Scholarship Fund. Established by the Union Rutgers University. Full-time New Jersey residents with Foundation in 1995 to support students from Union backgrounds of historic financial and educational disad- County, New Jersey, who are admitted to the Minority vantage may apply for EOF grants. Students who received Student Program. Recipients will be known as EOF grants as undergraduates are eligible if their incomes Union Scholars. fall within the required range; others must document their

44 eligibility. Contact the law school for applications and not be in default on prior loans or owe refunds to a federal additional information. Grants up to $2,650 per year are grant program, and register with the U.S. Selective Service renewable for each year of graduate study, subject to Administration, if required. continued eligibility. Students must complete the FAFSA In addition to these requirements, all first-time Federal form each year to be considered. Direct Subsidized Stafford and Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan borrowers must attend an entrance interview C. Clyde Ferguson Law Scholarship. This program is in order to be informed of their rights and responsibilities funded by the state legislature and is administered by reg a r ding the loan. the law school and the university. It was established in The aggregate lifetime limit for Federal Direct Stafford 1990 in memory of C. Clyde Ferguson, Jr., the first African- Loans, including both subsidized and unsubsidized amounts, is American law professor at the School of Law–Newark. It $138,500 for a graduate or professional student (including is awarded to full-time, New Jersey residents who demon- loans for undergraduate study). strate historic educational and economic disadvantage. Awards are based on financial need; students must com- Federal Direct Subsidized Stafford Loan. This loan is based plete a FAFSA form each year. on financial need. The government pays the interest on the loan while the student is attending school. The interest ra t e Nonuniversity Awards is variable; that is, it is adjusted each year. The maximum rate for the Federal Direct Stafford Loan is 8.25 percent. In addition to the opportunities mentioned above, there are Additionally, borrowers are charged an origination fee of other sources from which qualified law students may up to 4 percent. Graduate students may borrow a total of receive financial aid. Many national, state, and regional $8,500 each year. The total debt may not exceed $65,500, associations make special awards. Students also should including loans for undergraduate years. contact clubs; fraternal, religious, and national professional organizations; and local interest groups for possible aid Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan. This loan is through stipends and tuition credits. A student who not based on need. All interest charges must be paid by receives any of these awards is required to notify the Office the student. The interest rate is the same as for the Federal of Financial Aid. Two examples of this type of award are Direct Stafford Loan programs. Students may borrow up listed below. to $10,000 per year or up to $18,500 per year if they do not qualify for a subsidized Stafford loan. New Jersey State Bar Association Foundation Scholarship Pro g r a m . The foundation annually offers a $2,500 scholar- Federal Perkins Loan ship to the school for students who are residents of New These loans are available on a limited basis to graduate Je r s e y , show great academic promise, and have substantial students who are citizens or permanent residents of the need. The foundation also offers four additional scholar- United States. The Perkins Loan is awarded to students sh i p opportunities for students attending New Jersey who demonstrate need through the FAFSA. The amount of law schools. the loan is contingent upon available funds. Interest at the rate of 5 percent begins nine months after Local Bar Association Scholarships. Local and specialty graduation, or after the borrower ceases to be enrolled in bar associations in many jurisdictions throughout the a minimum of 6 credits per term, and extends over a maxi- country have scholarship programs for students from their mum repayment period of ten years. Deferment of repay- areas. The Essex, Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Camden, ment is permitted for certain kinds of federal service, Mercer, Monmouth, Somerset, and Union County Bar and cancellation of loans is permitted for certain public Associations and the Hudson County Bar Foundation all service work. have established grants specifically for residents of their All first-time Perkins Loan borrowers at Rutgers are counties attending law school. Information may be required to attend an entrance interview in order to be obtained either from local bar associations or from the informed of their rights and responsibilities regarding the financial aid office at the School of Law–Newark. loan. In addition, Perkins Loan recipients must attend an exit interview prior to graduation or withdrawal from Loans co l l e g e . Further details and procedures regarding the William D. Ford Federal Direct Stafford Loans. These loans repayment of the Perkins Loan will be sent to each student are available for students directly from the federal govern- recipient by the Student Loan Office, Division of Student ment to pay for educational costs. They eliminate the need Financial Services, Rutgers, The State University of New for an outside lender, such as a bank. To be considered for Jersey, 65 Davidson Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8093. a Direct Loan, students must complete the FAFSA. Subse- Fannie Bear Besser Emergency Loan. Students experiencing quently, the award letter issued by Rutgers will list eligibil- unexpected financial difficulties may request a maximum ity for the program. Money for which students are eligible of $500 through the law school’s short-term emergency loan, will be credited directly to their accounts. Because Rutgers known as the Fannie Bear Besser Emergency Loan. This loan has chosen to participate in Direct Lending, the university is interes t - f r ee, but must be repaid within ninety days. Loans cannot accept any Federal Stafford applications from stu- must be certified by the law school’s coordinator of financial dents or their lenders. Since the U.S. Department of Edu- aid, and are subject to the availability of funds. cation is the lender for the Federal Direct Loan Program, borrowers will send all loan repayments to the department, Private Educational Loan Program. Private educational rather than to several lenders. loans are available to bridge the gap between a student’s In general, to be eligible for a Direct Loan, a law student financial aid award package and the university’s stated must be a United States citizen or an eligible noncitizen, be cost of attendance. These loans must be certified by the uni- en ro l l e d at least half time per term, be making satisfactory versity, and the borrower must be creditworthy. Additional academic progress, have a valid Social Security number, information is available at the law school and at all univer- sity financial aid offices.

45 University Emergency Loans. Students who are experienc- Veterans and others who plan to utilize veterans’ ing a financial emergency may apply for a university loan education benefits should initially present the Veterans for up to $500. The interest rate is 3 percent, and the loan Administration Certificate of Eligibility Form(s) and/or must be repaid within the same term. An emergency need discharge papers (certified copy of the DD214) when regis- must be demonstrated and funds must be available. tering for courses. If applying for other financial aid with Students should contact their local financial aid office the university, veterans must report that they will receive for additional information. If loans in excess of $500 are veterans’ education benefits to the Office of Financial Aid. required, an appointment with a counselor is recom- Veterans planning to train under Chapter 32 VEAP, mended. Students do not need to be recipients of financial Chapter 35 (survivors and dependents), Chapter 30 of the aid nor have filed a financial aid application to be consid- New (Montgomery) GI Bill of 1984, or Chapter 106 for ered for these loans. Reservists are required by the university to pay cash for tuition, fees, books, and supplies, when due. Veterans, in Employment turn, receive an allowance for each month of schooling based upon credit hours and number of dependents. Assistantships Awarded by the University. Several assist- No veteran may officially withdraw from a course (or antships that carry varying stipends are available to upper- courses) without prior approval from the academic services class students. The student is assigned to assist a faculty and/or dean of students offices. All withdrawals must be member in research activities; student selection is based on submitted in writing. The date of official withdrawal will scholastic ability. be the determining date for changes in be n e f i t s . Fa i l u r e to Federal Work-Study Program (FWSP). FWSP employment comply with the official school withdrawal procedure may may be offered as a portion of the financial aid award to affect both past and future benefits. Any change in schedule United States citizens and eligible noncitizens. Application also must be reported to the certifying official located in for this program, as well as for all federal aid programs, is the Office of the Registrar. In Newark, this office is located made by filing the FAFSA. On-campus jobs are available at 249 University Avenue (Room 309, Blumenthal Hall). in most campus offices and libraries. Students in the law The Office of Veteran Affairs, located in the registrar’s program also may choose to work in the School of Law– office in Blumenthal Hall, serves student veterans at Newark, in cooperating legal services off-campus, or in Rutgers–Newark and residents of the surrounding com- other nonprofit community service agencies. All jobs munities. Information and assistance are offered regarding assigned through the FWSP are paid positions. Off-campus GI benefits, admission, financial aid, work-study programs, employment may be limited to returning students. Selec- tutoring, and employment opportunities. The office tion for a particular job is based on skills, job availability, processes forms for NJ state veterans’ benefits and grants, university needs, and student preference. Contact the finan- and keeps veterans informed of current state and national cial aid office for further information. A completed employ- legislation affecting them. Both personal and group coun- ment authorization form must be submitted to the Office seling for veterans is available. For information, call of Financial Aid before employment can begin. 973/353-5089.

Other Sources of Aid Veterans Benefits. The United St a t e s Veterans Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n RESTRICTIONS ON FINANCIAL AID operates various education assistance programs for eligible AND EMPLOYMENT veterans, war orphans, surviving spouse or child of any veteran killed while on duty with the Armed Force s , Law students who have received aid administered by di s a b l e d veterans, dependents of a veteran with service- the Office of Financial Aid must report to that office any related total disability, and certain members of the selected change in income, such as scholarships, loans, gifts, assis- reserve. Inquiries concerning eligibility may be directed tantships, or other employment received subsequent to the to the Veterans Administration U.S. Department Regional original aid award. Full-time students cannot be employed Office (800/827-1000) or to the veterans coordinator on more than twenty hours per week during the academic each campus. In Newark, the number is 973/353-5220. year, based upon American Bar Association guidelines.

46 of part-time summer and full-time jobs are received and Student Services posted daily. Rutgers–Newark’s commitment to quality career services does not end at graduation. The staff maintains contact with graduates and encourages alumni to make use of the career services office for general career counseling as well as advice on résumé writing and job searches. A job board CAREER SERVICES that identifies hundreds of job opportunities for graduates is accessible whenever the building is open. In addition, The Office of Career Services at the School of Law–Newark, alumni can learn about these positions from the conve- which includes a professional staff of four attorneys, prov i d e s nience of their own home through a web-based job bank. a wide range of traditional and innovative services and pro- The office maintains extended hours to better serve grams to assist students and graduates in developing their evening students and graduates of the school. During ca r eer goals and finding employment in an increasingly com- the academic year, the office opens at 8:30 A.M., Monday petitive job market. One staff member has been specifically through Friday, and remains open until 7:00 P.M., Monday designated to develop programs and address the needs of through Wednesday. students interested in public interest law. The professional staff coordinates programs on legal Employment ca r eer topics; offers workshops on résumé writing, inter- Rutgers graduates hold prominent positions in federal and viewing, and networking; and works closely with students state government as well as in the private sector. In recent on the development of job search strategies. In addition to years, approximately 25 to 30 percent of each graduating annual programs that educate students about traditional class received appointments as law clerks to judges of opportunities such as judicial clerkships, private practice, federal and state appellate and trial courts. In addition, at and careers in public interest, panels are conducted on spe- least 35 percent of graduates reporting employment have cific career issues and practice areas. Abiannual career fair obtained positions in leading law firms located in New featuring attorneys from diffe r ent practice areas also is held. York City, New Jersey, and other metropolitan centers The office administers an extensive on-campus interview throughout the country. Other students start their careers in pr ogram through which law firms, corporations, and legal government agencies, and a number obtain coveted post- divisions of federal, state, and local government agencies graduate public interest fellowships and other positions rec r uit for permanent and summer positions. The office also with public interest organizations. Many Rutgers graduates cosponsors public interest and minority job fairs, held off- use their law degree to continue or commence careers in campus, in which hundreds of other employers pa r t i c i p a t e . business and industry. In addition, many prospective public and private sector employers list job openings with the office. New listings

47 Recruiting at the Law School, 2001–2002 96 legal employers scheduled on-campus interviews 21 legal employers requested packets of students’ résumés 1,546 job requests were received and posted by June 2002

HOUSING/DINING

Talbott Apartments, opened in 1987, is a 350-person com- pl e x , housing graduate and professional students as well as selected undergraduate students who are mature and responsible adults. Talbott Apartments are convenient, comfortable, secure, and affo r dable. They are located a short walk from the law school; public transportation is easily accessible. The graduate section consists of sixty-six fur- nished two- and fo u r- b e d r oom apartments, housing four students per apartment. The four students in each apart- ment share a living room, kitchen, dining area, and bath- room. Ast u d e n t living in university housing can expect living expenses (room and board, for example) of approxi- mately $10,500 for the 2002–2003 academic year. Meal plans, which are optional, cost $400 to $2,900 for the aca- demic year. Contracts are available on either an academic year or a calendar year basis. For further information, contact the Rutgers–Newark Housing Office, 91 Bleeker Street, Employment of 2001 Graduates Newark, NJ 07102; 973/353-1037 or visit http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~reslife. By February 2002, 224 of the 235 members of the Class of 2001 (95 percent of the class) reported their employment status to the Office of Career Services. Of those graduates reporting their status and seeking employment, approxi- STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES mately 96 percent (206 out of 214) were employed. Those The Rutgers Student Health Service, located on the first working reported their jobs as follows: floor of Blumenthal Hall at 249 University Avenue on the 100 in private practice Newark campus, provides comprehensive ambulatory 3 in public interest law health care and education for all full-time students and 27 in business or industry those part-time students who have paid the student health 20 in government service service and insurance fee. 52 in judicial clerkships The health center is staffed by physicians, nurse practi- 4 in education tioners, registered nurses, pharmacists, mental health counselors, health educators, and other professional staff. Other graduates reported their status as follows: A wide range of services is provided, including general pr i - 2 pursuing another degree mary ca r e, gy n e c o l o g y , health education, alcohol and other 8 unemployed and not seeking drug counseling, mental health services, immunizations, 8 unemployed and seeking allergy desensitizations, laboratory tests, physical examina- Eleven graduates did not report their status as of tions, and referrals to other providers. Surgical and critical February 2002. medical conditions are referred to the student’s personal physician, the proper specialist, or an outside hospital for Geographic Distribution treatment. The health center is open from 8:30 A.M. to Approximately 94 percent of the 2001 graduates are located 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday. The center can be in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. The remaining reached by telephone at 973/353-5231. Appointments are 6 percent are located in California; Washington, D.C.; encouraged to reduce waiting time. Florida; Georgia; Maryland; and Texas. The health center pharmacy, located on the premises, Starting Salaries is open from 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M., Monday through Friday. The pharmacy can be contacted by telephone at From the Class of 2001, 148 graduates reported their 973/353-5201. salaries to the Office of Career Services. The median overall Students are urged to use the health center for medical starting salary of those reporting was $65,000. The average treatment, health education, and preventative medicine. salary was $73,214. Within the four major job categories, Services are rendered confidentially. Some health services starting salaries vary widely: rendered by outside consultants and facilities are the finan- Private firms $31,200 to $135,000 cial responsibility of the student. Government $30,000 to $133,000 Rutgers University Health Services is accredited by Corporations $45,000 to $100,000 the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Public interest $32,500 Organizations for meeting national standards of ambula- tory health-care delivery.

48 STUDENT HEALTH INSURANCE DAY-CARE CENTERS

All full-time students, by paying the student fee, and those The Office of Housing and Residence Life lists several part-time students who elect to pay the student health service child-care centers in the vicinity of Rutgers–Newark. The and insurance fee are insured for up to $5,000 in medical office, at 234 Robeson Campus Center (973/353-1037), has expenses brought about by illness or accident. This policy information regarding these centers and invites parents to provides excess coverage over other group insurance plans. visit the office and then make appointments with the cen- Students have the option to purchase a major medical pol- ters in which they are interested. The Office of Housing and icy sponsored by the university that provides more exten- Residence Life does not endorse the services of any of the sive coverage. Students also may purchase coverage for listed centers. their spouse and/or children for additional cost. Any stu- dents not covered by individual or family policies ar e en c o u r a g e d to consider this coverage. Information and COUNSELING SERVICES applications are available from the Newark Student Health Center, Blumenthal Hall, 249 University Avenue, Newark, Personal Counseling/Alcohol and NJ 07102 (973/353-5231), or from the Office of Student Other Drug Counseling Health Insurance, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Hurtado Health Center, 11 Bishop Place, New A staff of clinical psychologists and other mental health Brunswick, NJ 08901-1180; 732/932-7402. professionals is available to work confidentially with st u - dents having personal problems or experiencing diffi c u l t y Compulsory International Student Insurance Fee coping with the stresses of college life. Substance abuse counselors are available to counsel students concerned All students in F or J immigration status whose visa docu- about their own, their family, or their friends’ alcohol or me n t s are issued by Rutgers are required to have both the drug use. Individual or group counseling is available. basic and the major medical insurance coverages. The costs Appointments to see the psychologists, located in for insurance are charged to such students on their term Blumenthal Hall, may be made by calling 973/353-5805. bills. All accompanying family members (spouse and chil- Appointments to see substance abuse counselors may be dren) also must be insured. Insurance coverage for spouses made by calling 973/353-1236. and children must be purchased through the health insur- ance adviser located at the Center for International Faculty and Student Services, 180 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; 732/932-7015.

ATHLETIC AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

For a break from studies, Rutgers provides numerous oppor- tunities for rec r eation. The Golden Dome Athletic Center of fers students an extensive program of athletics and rec r e- ation, including basketball, volleyball, tennis, swimming in a twenty-five-yard, eight-lane pool, water polo, karate, racquetball, handball, indoor soccer, floor hockey, and table tennis. The facility also has a state-of-the-art weightroom, an exercise room, and locker rooms with saunas. Th e r e are step aerobics, water aerobics, weight training, and yoga in s t r uction classes, to name a few. Alumni Field, equipped with lights, has a running track and softball, soccer, and baseball fields. The recreation department sponsors skiing, hiking, whitewater rafting, sailing, snowboarding, and kayaking trips. The Robeson Campus Center schedules movies, concerts, and other programs regularly, and has a game room, an art gallery, and lounges. The city of Newark also offers many diversions. The Newark Museum has a notable permanent collection and features special exhibits, concerts, and le c - tu r es on varied subjects throughout the year. The Newark Public Library has an active schedule of concerts, lectures, and exhibits. Symphony Hall offers something for all tastes, fr om opera to rock. The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, which celebrated its inaugural season in 1997, brings world- class entertainment to the city. For lovers of the outdoors, Branch Brook Park is said to have more cherry trees than Washington, D.C.

49 Counseling for International Students Special counseling and assistance for international students ar e available. Visa forms and other Immigration and Naturalization Service documents necessary for students, such as I-20s, I-538s, and letters of support, are processed by the international student adviser. An active International Students Organization provides a welcome sense of commu- nity through varied programs and social affa i r s . For infor- mation, call 973/353-1427.

Counseling for Disabled Students Students who desire assistance due to a disability are advised to contact the law school assistant dean for academic administration when seeking a law school accommodation. For information, call 973/353-5671. For accommodations and assistance outside the law school, students are advised to contact the assistant dean for minority student affairs, located in the Robeson Campus Center, Room 222. Special counseling and direct assistance are available to make all programs of the university accessi- ble to anystudent. For information, call 973/353-5300.

Student deck permits may be purchased for $25.00 in the VETERANS SERVICES parking department at 105 Blumenthal Hall. The permit is The Office of Veterans Affairs, located in the Registrar’s valid for the entire academic year. Students with valid deck Office in Blumenthal Hall, serves student veterans at permits are charged a reduced daily parking fee of $2.75 Rutgers–Newark and residents of the surrounding com- when exiting; visitors and students not displaying valid munities. Information and assistance are offered regarding deck permits are charged $4.50 per day. Daytime students GI benefits, admission, financial aid, work-study prog r a m s , also may park in Lot 509, Orange and Eagle Streets, at a tutoring, and employment opportunities. The office pro- cost of $2.00 per day. cesses forms for NJ state veterans’ benefits and grants, and keeps veterans informed of current state and national legis- lation affecting them. Both personal and group counseling PHOTO IDENTIFICATION CARDS are available. For more information, call 973/353-5089. All faculty, staff, and students are required to carry a vali- dated Rutgers ID card at all times; the card must be pre- TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING sented for security purposes, student activities, library and computer center usage, registrations, and as required Shuttle Van Service by other university departments. ID cards are processed at the Office of Parking and Transportation Services, The university operates a shuttle van that runs from the 105 Blumenthal Hall, Monday through Friday, from center of the campus (one block from the Center for Law 8:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. and Justice) to the Talbott Apartments, to the Broad Stree t Ra i l ro a d Station, and to the Pennsylvania Railroad Station. The hours of operation are from 3:30 P.M. to 11:00 P.M., Monday through Friday. The shuttle van leaves from ALUMNI Conklin Hall every thirty minutes on the hour. Alumni Relations Railroad Discounts The university seeks the sup- Full-time students who travel by train are eligible for the port of its alumni and offers New Jersey Transit system student discount program. In them a number of services or der to obtain a discount on the purchase of the monthly and programs. The responsi- commutation ticket, a railroad discount form must be bility for working with the obtained at the train station; students should present university’s entire alumni the form to the law school dean’s office for authorization body, now numbering more prior to the purchase of the monthly commutation ticket. than 320,000, is vested in At present, the discount is 25 percent of monthly rates. the Department of Alumni Relations. The department Parking has two main objectives. First, it maintains contact wi t h Students may park at Deck I, 200 University Avenue, Rutgers alumni, informing Monday through Friday, 7:00 A.M. to midnight, and them of the university’s pro- Saturdays to 7:00 P.M; Deck II, 166 Washington Street, Paul S. Miller, SL–N ’62 grams with the hope that they Monday through Thursday, 7:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M.; and Lot will assist Rutgers in fulfilling 508, adjacent to Bradley Hall, weekdays after 4:00 P.M.

50 its educational goals. Second, alumni magazine, the Rutgers the department encourages Tradition, and a periodic alumni to continue their uni- newsletter. The university versity friendships after grad- publishes the award-winning uation through social, Rutgers Magazine for alumni educational, and reunion and friends of the university. activities. Alumni continue to have All undergraduate colleges full access to the career serv- and most graduate and pro- ices of fice and are encouraged fessional schools have their to participate in the many own alumni associations that pr ograms offe r ed to students, sponsor programs based on including the Mentoring the interests of the alumni of Pr ogram, career panels, that college. Active member- and the Lawyers’ Network. New Jersey Commissioner of ship is maintained through The School of Law–Newark New Jersey Supreme Court Personnel Ida L. Castro, payment of regular alumni Alumni Relations Office is SL–N ’82 dues. The alumni associations located at the Center for Law are represented in the Rutgers and Justice, 123 Washington Street, Newark, NJ 07102- University Alumni Federation, which sponsors univer- 3094; 973/353-1617; al u m n i m a i l @ k i n o y. r u t g e r s . e d u . sitywide programs, such as homecoming, distinguished alumni awards, legislative rec e p t i o n s , group travel, and insurance. The Department of Alumni Relations provides Rutgers University Foundation guidance and administrative services to each of the college The Rutgers University Foundation is the fundraising arm associations, as well as to a network of regional alumni of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The Rutgers clubs in New Jersey and throughout the country. Foundation was incorporated in 1973 to support the uni- With more than 8,800 law versity in obtaining private funds to meet important needs graduates, the School of for which adequate monies may not be available from state, Law–Newark has a loyal federal, or other sources. Scholarship and fellowship sup- and spirited body of alumni. port for undergraduate and graduate students is essential, Many of them, and others and academic programs seek the extra margin of excellence affiliated with the school, have that only private giving can provide. achieved broad recognition. The professional staff of the Rutgers Foundation has Paul S. Miller ’62 was execu- helped the university’s faculty, administration, and staff tive vice president and gen- raise well over a half-billion dollars since its incorporation eral counsel of Pfizer Inc. at twenty-nine years ago. Private fundraising in the 2000–2001 the time of his retirement in fiscal year totaled $123,302,686, an all-time yearly high. 2002. United States Congress- Rutgers is now embarked on a major universitywide man Robert Menendez ’79 and campaign to raise $500 million by June 2004 and is well on New Jersey Commissioner of its way toward reaching that goal. “The Rutgers Campaign: Personnel Ida L. Castro ’82 U.S. Congressman Creating the Future Today” is designed to advance Rutgers’ serve the country and the academic growth as one of the nation’s top public universi- state of New Jersey with dis- ties. The purposes of the campaign include attracting and tinction. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg began supporting the best students, ensuring a superior academic her teaching career at Rutgers and served nine years as a program, advancing the quest for knowledge, recruiting member of the law school faculty. Justices of the New and retaining top faculty, enriching the campus and com- Jersey Supreme Court include Jaynee LaVecchia ‘79 and munity environment, and providing outstanding facilities Virginia Long ‘66. and equipment. The Alumni Association of the School of Law–Newark The Rutgers Foundation staff provides information about sponsors a variety of annual programs for the benefit of the full range of giving opportunities to donors and the school, its students, and prospective donors, including individuals, corporations, its graduates. These include and foundations. The staff also cultivates donors and an autumn dinner honoring potential donors through a variety of activities, helps al u m n i of distinction and donors make sound choices on how to give and the desig- the Chief Justice Joseph nation choices available to them, and ensures that they are Weintraub Lecture Series in properly thanked for their gifts. Fundraising officers are the spring. The association also based in many of the university’s schools and colleges sponsors scholarships for law and work very closely with the foundation. students and annually awards The Rutgers University Foundation is governed by a the Alumni Senior Prize, the Board of Overseers, which sets fundraising policies and Justice Henry E. Ackerson, Jr., oversees operations. The board consists of seventy-two Prize, and the Eli Jarmel members, eighteen of whom are members of the Board of Memorial Prize to graduating Governors and Board of Trustees of the university. The students. Graduates are kept remainder of the board is made up of public members. informed of recent develop- Overseers are elected for three-year terms by the full board. New Jersey Supreme Court ments at the law school Justice Jaynee LaVecchia, through the school’s annual

51 Persons interested in making contributions to any unit of the university or to Rutgers as a whole may do so by Student Activities writing a check payable to the Rutgers University Foundation. The check should be accompanied by a brief note stating the designation of the donation and whom the gift is from. Checks should be mailed to: Accounting Department, Rutgers University Foundation, 7 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1261. In addition to the course work, seminars, and clinic Donations may also be made online to any of the uni- experience offered at the law school, a variety of extra- versity’s twenty-nine colleges and schools, and many of its curricular activities is available to the student body. other units, by logging onto the Rutgers Campaign web site, www.campaign.rutgers.edu, or the Rutgers Foundation web site, www.support.rutgers.edu. Both sites meet the highest industry standards for security and accept Visa, PUBLICATIONS MasterCard, and American Express credit cards. More information about private giving to Rutgers may be The Rutgers Law Review publishes critical legal opinion, obtained from the Rutgers University Foundation, Winants including articles on important legal problems by authorities Hall, 7 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1261; in their respective fields, student commentary, and book 732/932-7777. reviews. The Rutgers Law Review and its predecessors have been published for more than three decades. Students edit the publication and write approximately half of the articles. Most staff members are selected at the end of their first year. Selection is based on a competition in writing, analytical, and editorial abilities; the competition is conducted by the editorial board. All students are invited to submit com- pleted manuscripts for publication and thereby gain mem- bership on the Rutgers Law Review for the fall term. The Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal is a student-run, law-review-style publication. It focuses on issues arising from the interaction of computers and other technologies with the law. Emphasis in the past has been placed on three major area s : legal aspects of the computer industry, legal ramifications of the use of computers and other special technologies, and the application of comput- ers and new technologies to the legal profession. Other recent topics include intellectual property and electron i c media, communications, and environmental regulation. Each issue includes recent developments and a complete bibliography. The journal is published semiannually, and la r gely written by students. Staff members are selected pri- marily through a writing competition, but members also may join by writing an article suitable for publication in the journal. The Wom e n ’ s Rights Law Reporter is a quarterly journal of legal scholarship and feminist criticism published by stu- dents at the School of Law–Newark. Founded in 1970 by feminist activists, legal workers, and law students, and first published independently in New York City, the Wom e n ’ s Rights Law Reporter moved to Rutgers in 1972 and became formally affiliated with the law school in 1974. It is the oldest legal periodical in the United States focusing exclusively on the field of women’s rights law. The journal examines legisla- tive developments, significant federal and state court cases, judicial doctrines, litigation strategies, the lives and caree r s of prominent women jurists, the legal profession, and other ar eas of law or public policy relating to women’s rights. The Rutgers Race and the Law Review provides a forum for scholarship and dialogue on race, ethnicity, and the law. Established in 1996, it is the second journal in the country to focus on the broad spectrum of multicultural issues. It addresses the concerns of people of color and covers vari- ous types of political ideologies, philosophies, and reli- gions. Of special interest are treaties, agreements, and laws promulgated among different nations and the impact they have on people of color. Consequently, the Review will cover international as well as national topics of race and the law.

52 The Rutgers Law Record is the online law journal of the • encourage the study of law among Latin-American law school and is the only general subject, fully online law students by initiating programs of rec r uitment journal in America. It welcomes various forms of submis- and information sions, including academic articles, articles concerning the • ensure the retention of Latin-American law students School of Law–Newark, opinions and editorials, and arti- enrolled at the law school by implementing programs of cles concerning the legal profession, with an emphasis on assistance designed to aid the student beyond the scope subject matter that is timely and of interest to a broad audi- of materials covered within the classroom ence. Since the Rutgers Law Record can be accessed from any • protect the interests of Latin-American students within computer terminal in the world, it aims to promote legal the law school on issues pertaining to school policies, discourse among many different communities, including particularly in the areas of academic standing, hiring law students, professors, alumni, and practicing attorneys, and firing of faculty, and admissions procedures as well as the general public. • educate and sensitize the law school community and Membership on one of these publications is often consid- other interested groups to the pressing problems con- ered by both the academic and professional communities to fronting the Latin-American community be the most significant extracurricular educational activity • support and assist, wherever possible, those other in law school. groups both within and outside the law school that demonstrate their concern for the well-being and sur- vival of the Latin-American community ORGANIZATIONS Christian Legal Society American Bar Association/Law Student Division The Christian Legal Society is devoted to developing indi- (ABA/LSD) vidual and collective relationships with God; to studying and analyzing the law and recent developments from The ABA/LSD has more than 43,000 members and chapters the Christian perspective; and to establishing closer ties in all AB A - a c c r edited law schools. Members obtain free between the law school and the surrounding community publications, low-cost health insurance, and the opportu- through community service activities. nity to participate in regional and national meetings of the division. The division sponsors the Client Counseling Decalogue Society of Jewish Law Students Competition, in which the school participates, and offers matching grants for law-related projects undertaken by The Decalogue Society, the association of Jewish law stu- students at the school. de n t s , is named for the Ten Commandments. Members strive to advance the blessings of liberty through educa- Asian/Pacific-American Law Students Association tional, cultural, and charitable activities, such as a school- (APALSA) wide Succoth Fest in their own Succah, a community clothing exchange, contributions to the National Jewish APALSA, established at the law school in 1976, is dedicated Law Review, and various other programs. to the admission and retention of Asian/Pacific-American law students, particularly those who will go on to help Evening Students Association the legally underserved Asian/Pacific-American commu- nity. Members work to foster awareness of Asian/Pacific- The Evening Students Association represents the interests American legal and social issues within the law school and concerns of the law school’s evening students. and strive to build ongoing relationships with other groups and students interested in both law and justice. The Federalist Society Rutgers chapter also sponsors joint activities with other The Federalist Society is an organization of moderate and east coast APALSAs aimed at community education and conservative students who are committed to an independent the development of interest in legal careers among Asian judiciary system. Activities include presentations by speak- and Pacific Americans. er s and attending conferences sponsored by Federalist Society chapters in other schools. Association of Black Law Students (ABLS) ABLS is the organization of Black/African-American law Intellectual Property Law Society students whose goal is to foster a just and equitable admin- The Intellectual Property Law Society advances the study istration of the law. The organization strives to ensure that of and encourages interest in the various areas of intellec- the fundamental human rights of Blacks/African Am e r i c a n s tual property law at the School of Law–Newark. The goal and other oppressed groups are protected. The organization of the society is to provide the law school community with serves as a vehicle of expression for progressive causes in exposure to the fields of copyright, trademark, trade secret, the world politic. ABLS, in essence, seeks to employ judicial patent, and unfair competition laws. and legal processes to increase social, political, and eco- no m i c resources within Black/African-American commun- Irish-American Law Students Association ities in order to promote human dignity. Each year, the Rutgers chapter sponsors a team in the Frederick Douglass The Irish-American Law Students Association was reconsti- Moot Court Competition. tuted at the law school in 1998 to promote understanding of issues affecting Ireland and Irish Americans, and to Association of Latin-American Law Students enhance the presence of Irish Americans in the law school and in the legal community. The Association of Latin-American Law Students’ goals are to:

53 Italian-American Law Society Rutgers International Law Society The Italian-American Law Society recognizes and cele- The Rutgers International Law Society is the catalyst for brates the contributions of persons of Italian ancestry to our students with experience and interest in international law system of law and justice. It seeks to provide a forum for, and for those wishing to develop an awareness of inter- and increase awareness of, issues of importance to the national legal problems and issues. The society plans Italian-American legal community. It is affiliated with the presentations on international law, sponsors speakers, and National Italian-American Bar Association and provides coordinates with other student organizations in order to networking opportunities with this and various other integrate an international law perspective. Members of the national and regional Italian-American organizations. society regularly participate in the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. Moot Court Board Rutgers Lesbian and Gay Caucus The Moot Court Board is a student-run organization. It sponsors and coordinates the Nathan Baker Mock Trial The Rutgers Lesbian and Gay Caucus was organized in Competition and the David Cohn Moot Court Competition. 1976. Its main objectives are to represent the interests of The board’s work includes researching and writing the the gay and lesbian students of the school; to encourage the problem used in the intramural moot court competition study of law affecting gay and lesbian people; to educate and sponsoring the winners in the National Moot Court the general school community on important issues relating Competition. In addition, the board fields teams represent- to the rights of gays and lesbians; and to provide informa- ing Rutgers–Newark in the regional and national mock tion, leadership, encouragement, and debate on the impor- trial competitions. The Moot Court Board assists in the tant issues affecting gays and lesbians, such as the right to administration of the Appellate Moot Court and Mock privacy, the right to be free from employment and public Trial programs. accommodations discrimination, the right to child custody, The board is selected each spring from among those stu- and criminal law reform. The organization coordinates dents demonstrating high achievement in writing briefs and efforts with all schools in the metropolitan area and with in oral advocacy. Some board members may act as advisers national professional organizations such as Lesbians in to students participating in Appellate Moot Court courses, Law and others. and others are responsible for the conduct of the Spring Mo o t Court Competition. The board also sponsors a team Rutgers Student Lawyers Guild in the annual National Moot Court Competition. In addi- tion, it encourages student participation in specialized com- The Rutgers Student Lawyers Guild is a chapter of the pe t i t i o n s ; this includes the Wagner Labor Law Competition, National Lawyers Guild, an association dedicated to the the Albert R. Mugel National Moot Court Tax Competition, need for basic change in the structure of our political and the American Patent Law Association Competition, the economic system. The Rutgers chapter sponsors progres- Je r ome Prince Evidence Moot Court, the National Mock sive educational programs on such topics as the Roe v. Wade Trial Competition, the ABA/LSD Client Counseling Com- abortion decision and capital punishment. It also works to petition, and the Negotiations Competition. ensure that the school is sensitive to the needs of minori- Students, through contact with the board, also may par- ties, women, and working-class students. ticipate in a variety of appellate moot court competitions that are sponsored by law schools and other organizations Sports and Entertainment Law Society around the country. The Sports and Entertainment Law Society is open to all Any of these competitions is limited to specific subject students interested in sports and entertainment legal prac- matter areas varying from insurance, tax, and securities law tice. It sponsors “meet-and-greet” sessions with practicing to evidence, labor law, and constitutional issues. While sev- members of the Sports and Entertainment Bar and speakers eral competitions are held during the fall term, the majority and presentations on current issues in this aspect of the take place during the spring term. law, and serves as a clearinghouse for information on con- ferences, symposia, and informal meetings. Pro Bono Service Program The Pro Bono Service Program gives students the oppor- Student Bar Association tunity to gain practical hands-on experience by providing The Student Bar Association (SBA) is the umbrella organi- much-needed legal assistance to the community. Pla c e - zation for all other organizations in the law school. ments have been made in Newark and the surrou n d i n g Extracurricular af fairs of the school are governed by the communities. Projects have included legal services in the SBA, which consists of elected representatives from each areas of AIDS, criminal defense, immigration law, women’s class, chosen on a proportional basis; these representatives issues, civil court, and family law. Students who prov i d e elect officers to govern the association. The SBAis gov- th i r t y - f i v e hours of pro bono service receive a notation on erned by a constitution and bylaws. It is responsible for the their law school transcripts and certificates at graduation. allocation of funds received from student activity fees to the various student organizations. Other activities planned by Public Interest Law Foundation (PILF) the organization include student-faculty coffee hours, PILF is a nonprofit corporation that helps students who parties, and speakers. The SBAalso facilitates the discussion want to work in the public interest. Its purpose is to raise of current issues affecting the law school community and and disburse money to students who would otherwise pr ovides a forum for subsequent action and res o l u t i o n . receive little or nothing for their work. The SBAis the representative body of law school stu- dents. It acts as a vehicle for the expression of student con- cerns and for the promotion of student participation in the

54 affairs of the law school, the Rutgers University system, the legal co m m u n i t y , and the community in general. A Honors, Prizes, major function of the SBA is appointment of student mem- bers to most of the faculty standing committees. These appointments are open to all members of the student body. and Awards They provide an opportunity for students to work face-to- face with faculty in developing and directing school policy, programs, and functions. Appointments to these commit- tees are made by the SBAExecutive Committee with the advice and consent of the SBA membership.

Women’s Law Forum HONORS The Women’s Law Forum is a collective committed to dis- Order of the Coif. The first and only New Jersey chapter of cussing, promoting, and advocating for women’s issues. It the Order of the Coif, the nationwide honor society for law provides a forum to explore the diversity of women’s expe- students, was established at the School of Law–Newark in riences, including differences of race, class, national origin, 19 9 1 . This prestigious society, which admits the top and sexuality. It challenges—and struggles to eliminate— 10 percent of each year’s graduating class, encourages the inherent gender bias of the legal system. It actively excellence in legal education and honors lawyers, judges, works toward building coalitions with other organizations and teachers for significant professional contributions. to advance common goals, and encourages the involvement Chapters of the order are established at law schools whose of all women in the law school community. faculty have been recognized for their contributions to legal scholarship. Academic Honors. Honors are awarded to not more than 10 percent of the graduating class for distinguished scholastic attainment during their time at the law school. In exceptional cases, high honors and highest honors may be awarded. The awards are made by the faculty on the advice of the Committee on Scholastic Standing. Recipients are announced at the graduation convocation.

PRIZES AND AWARDS

Justice Henry E. Ackerson, Jr., Prize. Awarded to the stu- dent who has most distinguished himself or herself in the area of legal skills.

55 Nathan N. Schildkraut Award. Awarded to a student who excels in appellate advocacy. H. Theodore Sorg Property Prize. Awarded to the student with the highest average in Property. Menasha J. Tausner Memorial Prize. Awarded to a student with a strong scientific, engineering, or technical back- ground, who has demonstrated the ability and intention to integrate this background into his/her legal career. Saul Tischler Memorial Prize. Presented to the student with the highest average over the entire three years in law school. Miron M. Walley Memorial Prize. Awarded to a graduat- ing student who has excelled in course work in the area of Real Estate Transactions. West Group Outstanding Scholastic Achievement Awa r d . Awa r ded to four students selected for overall schol- arly achievement. Judge J. Skelly Wright Prize. Awarded to the student who has done the most for civil rights, civil liberties, and human affairs.

Alumni Senior Prize. Awarded to the graduating senior exhibiting the greatest achievement during his or her entire law school career, and who has the greatest promise as a future member of the legal profession. American Bankruptcy Institute Medal of Excellence. Awarded to that student who most excelled in the area of bankruptcy studies. Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Award. Awarded to the full-time and part-time students with the highest academic achievement in the fields of labor and employment law. Anthony Engelbrecht Prize. Awarded annually to the senior with the highest general average during the year. Morris Gann Prize in Evidence. Awarded to the member of the graduating class having the best grade in Evidence. Myron Harkavy Prize. Awarded to the member of the senior class showing the most promise as a trial lawyer. Chief Justice Richard J. Hughes Prize. Awa rd e d to the graduating student who has achieved the best record in the New Jersey Practice course. Eli Jarmel Memorial Prize. Awarded to the student who demonstrated the greatest interest and proficiency in public interest law. The Philip Kravitz Memorial Prize. Awa r ded to the part-time student with the highest academic average; estab- lished by the Class of 1995 as a tribute to, and in memory of, their classmate. A. Harry Moore Prize. Awarded to the student with the highest grades for the entire three years in law school. G.A. Moore, Jr., Prize. Awarded to the student who has done distinguished work in the field of equal employment opportunity law. National Association of Women Lawyers Award. Awarded to the student showing the greatest commitment to women’s issues. Sera Ramcharitar Memorial Prize. Awarded to a student who has excelled in work on behalf of the underprivileged, particularly women, children, and families. 56 Course Listing ELECTIVE COURSES Applicants should understand that the curriculum fre- qu e n t l y undergoes revision. By the time they enter the second or third year at the law school, it is likely that the curriculum may have changed somewhat from that set forth below. REQUIRED COURSES ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (3) Course information updates can be found on the law Examines the law regarding the actions and decision-making processes of administrative agencies, including requirements for school web site at http://law.newark.rutgers.edu. public participation in agency decision making and judicial review of agency action. Examines these issues in the context of agency CIVIL PROCEDURE (4 OR 5) rule making and agency adjudication. The 4-credit course is offered in the evening for part-time students; the 5-credit course is offered during the day for full-time students. A study of adjudication in modern legal systems and of the roles ADVANCED CONTRACTS (2) of participating lawyers—from the initial decision to adjudicate Supplements the required course in Contracts. Depending upon through to a final disposition. Focus upon persistent problems the interests and prior experience of the class, topics may include common to various kinds of formal adjudication, approached justifications for nonperformance, conditions, contract interpret a - from functional, comparative, and historical perspectives. ti o n , the parol evidence rule, third party beneficiaries, assignment and delegation, and techniques of contracts drafting and risk plan- CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4 OR 5) ning. Some treatment also may be given to the related tort of inter- The 4-credit course is offered in the evening for part-time students; the 5-credit ference with contractual relations. course is offered during the day for full-time students. A study of the origin and operation of the doctrine of judicial ADVANCED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW (2) review in the litigation of constitutional questions; an examination Prerequisite: Copyright and Trademark. of the doctrine of separation of powers; a study of the operation Provides an intensive study of issues and concerns pertaining to of the federal system of government through an analysis of the the prosecution, protection, exploitation, and enforcement of intel- constitutional problems associated with interstate and foreign co m - lectual property rights. Practices and procedures important to me r ce; the protection of civil liberties and civil rights; proc e d u r a l obtaining, using, protecting, and defending the use of ideas, trade and substantive due process of law. secrets, copyrights, patents, and trademarks are examined. Students develop their transactional, negotiation, and litigation CONTRACTS (4) skills through preparation of documents and mock negotiation. The case method study of freedom of contract, offer and accept- Current developments in intellectual property law are reviewed an c e , quasi-contractual obligations, economic equality of bargain- and integrated into the course study. ing pos i t i o ns, actions in reliance, moral obligations, intentional obligation causing expectation and formalities of contract, includ- ADVERTISING LAW (2) ing the seal, the writing, the Statute of Frauds, and the parol evi- Considers the constitutional basis for the regulation of advertising. dence rule, collateral legal reform and its effect in the evolution of Specifically, students will review the constitutional construct the concepts of contract. Third-party contracts, problems of assign- developed over the past twenty-five years, which permits govern- ment in rel a t i o n to contracts, damages, failure of consideration, mental authorities and the courts to regulate the dissemination of impossibility and frustration, discharge, illegal bargains, and the truthful information by advertisers. At the substantive level, stu- ethical basis of contract also considered. dents examine the economics of advertising and the dangers pre- sented by the provision of false or misleading information by CRIMINAL LAW (3) advertisers. Students also study the development of controls on A study of the substantive criminal law as a means of social false and misleading advertising messages developed under the control. Evaluation of the considerations which do, or should, common law and through statute. Specifically, students study the determine what behavior is criminal. Appraisal of the factors concurrent regulation of advertising at the federal level by both which bear on the treatment or punishment to be imposed for the Federal Trade Commission and private parties under the such conduct. Lanham Act. Finally, students study the regulation of advertising by state governments and private parties under state consumer LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING I,II (1,2) protec-tion laws. This course req u i r es completion of a series of legal writing assign- ments, such as memoranda of law, briefs, pleadings, and other ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (3) types of legal instruments. It offers an opportunity to develop Introduction to the range of dispute resolution techniques increas- oral advocacy skills and the special techniques req u i r ed for ingly in use within and outside of the courts. These techniques, legal research. including mediation, arbitration, and so-called hybrid processes, such as early neutral evaluation, summary jury trials, and minitri- PROPERTY (4) al s , have been incorporated into both state and federal court pro- An introduction to real prop e r t y , with special emphasis on po s s e s - grams and may be available through private providers. Students sory estates and basic concepts such as possession, ownership, and ar e exposed to the theory and practice of these dispute res o l u t i o n title. Rights in the land of another and a brief introduction to techniques, as well as to some of the essential building block skills, future interests and, at times, to personal property also included. such as client counseling and negotiation.

TORTS (4) AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY (3) The study of the nature of civil wrongs and of elementary Explores the limits of law as a form of social control, emphasizing jurisprudential conceptions concerning liability. Intentional torts shifting and overlapping boundaries between law and other and their relations to the law of crimes; the law of negligence; forces, such as religion, markets, ideology, and political culture. theories of causation and their philosophical foundations; liability Both the bar and legal education are examined as forces helping to without fault; invasions of interests in the security of commercial define those boundaries. The goal of this course is to provide some transactions, in reputation, in advantageous relationships of perspective on how internal and external forces shaped and a personal or economic character. de f i n e d law over time. The course is divided into topical units from thelate colonial period through the twentieth century.

57 ANTITRUST (3) COMPARATIVE LAW (3) An introduction to the law of antitrust, including the common law Course starts with a traditional inquiry into comparative law of restraint of trade, the basic federal antitrust statutes, the enforce- methods, focusing on critiques and controversies about funda- ment policy guidelines of the federal antitrust enforcement agen- mental principles, judicial process, and distinct methodology of cies, and the application of these statutes and guidelines to various legal education in civil law (Romano-Germanic) and common law arrangements, practices, and institutions (e.g., formal cartels, (Anglo-American) systems. The second part explores harmoniza - price-fixing conspiracies, “conscious parallelism,” trade association tion of law in the light of the new regionalism (European Com- activities, resale price maintenance, mergers, boycotts, and tying munity Law), and of the varying legal impacts of globalization. arrangements) whose effects are potentially anticompetitive. Finally, students use a topical approach to consider aspects of the new international economic law (protection of copyright in APPELLATE ADVOCACY (3) Internet, money laundering) and international human rights, A study of appellate practice and procedure, brief writing, and oral particularly the protection of minorities in various legal systems. advocacy through lectures and practical experiences. Each student is given the record of an actual case and is required to prepare CONFLICT OF LAWS (3) a brief and present an oral argument. Examination of the legal problems that arise when a lawsuit involves parties and events connected to two or more states. These BANKRUPTCY (3) problems concern personal and subject matter jurisdiction, choice This course is not open to students who have taken Debtor and Creditor Law. of the applicable state law, and recognition of the judgment by Covers basic bankruptcy law Title 11 of the United States Code and courts of other states. Course analyzes the theories used by courts federal regulation of debtor-creditor relations. and recommended by scholars to resolve these problems.

BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS (3 OR 4) CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II (4) Covers the standard subject matter of a general course in corpo- Prerequisite: Constitutional Law; not open to students who have taken Civil ra t i o n law, including the nature, formation, promotion, and Rights or Civil Liberties. governance of corporations. Topics include comparison of the Course includes topics not covered in the basic Constitutional Law corporation with the partnership; powers of the board, officers, course, but covered in the Civil Rights and Civil Liberties courses. and shareholders; problems of the close corporation; directors’ Emphasis on First Amendment issues of free speech and religion fiduciary duties to the corporation and duties to the investing and a study of federal civil rights legislation implementing the public; social concerns and their relation to corporate governance; Fourteenth Amendment. and the impact of the federal securities laws on the governance and operation of corporations. CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY (3) Covers the use of constitutional theory in appellate advocacy BUSINESS TORTS (3) and judicial opinion writing to develop students’ ability to make Analysis of the common law and statutory materials available effective use of political intuitions, values, and concepts in legal for the acquisition and protection of industrial property rights and, arguments. Topics include textualism, original intent, natural law, in particular, intellectual property rights. Detailed study of the law and political theory, including feminist theory. Selected readings of trademarks, trade secrets, and trade values. The interrelation- from Bruce Ackerman, Derrick Bell, Robert Bork, John Hart Ely, ships of unfair competition, trade values, patents, copyright, and Catherine MacKinnon, Martha Minow, and Suzanna Sherry. false advertising are covered. The use of theories in briefs and judicial opinions is discussed and critically examined. CIVIL LIBERTIES (3) Examination of cases, materials, and issues in First Amendment COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK (3) law, exploring the changing parameters of rights of political and A survey of copyright and trademark protection for creative works other expression; religious freedom; freedom of the press; privacy; and commercial trade identifiers. Course is based in federal and access to information about government activities. If class size statutes, and interpretative case law, that protect valuable intan- permits, the course is organized around contemporary problems, gible interests in information, its use, and its communication. both real and hypothetical, for which the reading materials provide Related state law is considered, with particular emphasis on rela- information and an analytical framework. tionships between state and federal laws within the constitutional framework of federalism. Subject matter of copyright study ranges CIVIL RIGHTS (3) from classic works of art and literature through application of Discusses both the substantive and procedural Constitution and copyright to computer programs. Trademark study spans domestic statutory problems involved in the efforts from the end of the through international protection of product market identity. Civil War until the present to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. Legislative, executive, and judicial CORPORATE FINANCE (4) areas of action considered. Prerequisite: Business Associations. The law and economics of the financing of corporations, including CIVIL RIGHTS STATUTE (SECTION 1983) (3) (1) the valuation of securities and of the issuing corporation; (2) the Originally enacted immediately following the Civil War, the 1866 rights of senior security holders; (3) insolvency reorganization; and 1872 Civil Rights Acts, now codified as 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 (4) capital structure and dividend policy; and (5) mergers, recapi- and related statutes, have become the major statutory provisions talizations, and takeovers. Course materials include basic financial through which the federal courts protect constitutional rights. economics and documentation from actual financing transactions Section 1983 has developed into a substantial body of jurisprud e n c e , in addition to cases, statutes, and other traditional materials. governing who may sue, who may be sued, when governments and their employees are immune from suit, and availability of CRIMINAL ADJUDICATION (3) rem e d i e s . This course explores these developments, and considers Prerequisite: Constitutional Law. the ways in which Sec. 1983 assists or restricts the use of the law Ad d r esses the rules that govern the processing of criminal cases, to control government abuses and to facilitate movements for with emphasis on the adjudication stage: preliminary exami- social change. nation, indictment, plea bargaining, trial, sentence, appeal, and collateral attack. COMMERCIAL LAW (4) A basic course in sales, sales financing, and negotiable instruments. Articles 2, 3, and 4 of the Uniform Commercial Code are covered.

58 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (4) ENTERTAINMENT LAW (2) Course provides an overview of constitutional amendments regu- Examines a variety of legal issues confronted by the attorney in lating police conduct in administration of criminal justice with the entertainment industry. Analysis includes the motion picture, special emphasis on the due process and equal protection clauses television, home video, and the emerging “pay-for-view” media, of the Fourteenth Amendment; searches and seizures under the as well as the professional sports arena. Special guest lecturers Fourth Amendment; and police interrogations under the Fifth participate from time to time. Amendment. Supreme Court decisions in this area have reflected intense division among the justices. Class lectures and discussion ENTERTAINMENT LAW AND BUSINESS (3) explore different types of arguments through which constitutional Not open to students who have taken Entertainment Law. doctrine is developed and competing assumptions and values that Course reviews and discusses the relevant law and business struc- inform the doctrinal divisions. tures in the entertainment industry. Study encompasses case law, statutory law, rules, regulations, and business practices specific to CRIMINAL TRIAL PRESENTATION (2) the fields of music, motion picture, print publication, television, Prerequisite: Evidence. and live theater. Topics discussed range from First Amendment, Practice in preparing for and conducting criminal trials with privacy and publicity rights, to contract issues, new technologies, systematic study of problems of gathering evidence, strategy in and the role of labor unions and intellectual property laws. Global planning the trial, order of proof, empaneling a jury, openings implications and applicable laws of other countries are also to jury, direct and cross-examination, and summations. reviewed and discussed.

DEBTOR AND CREDITOR LAW (4) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (3 OR 4) This course is not open to students who have taken Commercial Law, Bankruptcy, The recent attempt to convert societal aspirations for a decent or Secured Transactions. environment into an effective and equitable public policy poses Course provides an introduction to the law of security interests some extraordinarily difficult legal problems: for example, how can in personal property under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial government decision making incorporate and balance the wide Code and the law of individual bankruptcy and corporate reorgan- range of conflicting values; how should burdens of proof be allo- ization under the Federal Bankruptcy Code. Article 9 topics cated in light of factual uncertainty about the long-term environ- include the creation and perfection of security interests, priority mental consequences of human activities; what are the relative among the holders of competing interests, and the enforcement of merits of co n t r ol strategies based on economic incentives or direc t contract rights under the UCC. Bankruptcy topics include the go v e r n m e n t regulation; and on whom should the costs of environ- rights of creditors in bankruptcy, individual’s right to discharge, mental pr otection be imposed? This in t r oductory course examines the relationship between bankruptcy law and state law, treatment substantive areas and procedural devices in order to identify com- of executory contracts, bankruptcy planning, restructuring of mon themes and problems underlying environmental law and corporations in Chapter 11, and procedure for confirming plans to analyze how it differs in important respects from other fields of reorganization. of law.

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (2) ESTATE PLANNING (3) Labor Law or Employment Law recommended but not required. Considers estate planning techniques for individuals and families, Gives an overview of the law of employee benefit plans under with a particular emphasis on the tax consequences of various ERISA. Emphasis on issues of interest to labor and management estate plans. Topics include client interviews, protection of surviv- counsel of Taft-Hartley funds, including fiduciary responsibility of ing spouse and children, support for parents, transferring business plan trustees, investment issues, reporting and disclosure require- interests, planning for divorced persons, and methods of making ments, benefit claims, plan termination, and withdrawal liability. gifts to charity. Selected issues concerning benefit rights and discrimination, including downsizing, interference with protected rights, and age EVIDENCE (4) and disability discrimination; selected issues involving medical Prepares the student to use rules of evidence in the preparation benefits, including retiree health, exclusions from coverage, and and trial of civil and criminal litigation. Using the Federal Rules of managed care. There is a paper requirement for this course. Evidence as a framework, all the traditional categories (hearsay, ci r cumstantial evidence, writings, judicial notice, presumptions) are EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION (3) examined with the objective of training students to understand the Covers substantive and procedural law relating to discrimination rationale behind evidence rules so that they can reason about and in employment on grounds of race, color, religion, sex, and na- use all rules of evidence with maximum effectiveness. tional origin. Emphasis is placed on developments under the FederalCivil Rights Act. Considers both public and private sector FACT INVESTIGATION (3) pro b l e m s ; judicial proceedings under the Civil Rights Act; adminis- Cases are determined by applying a set of rules or laws to the trative pro c e d u r es under the acts, under Executive Order 11246 as particular facts of a controversy. In the cases studied in previous amended, and under state civil rights acts; the relationship among courses, facts were provided by appellate courts in their opinions. the administrative process, the judicial process, and arbitration As a case develops at trial, however, the facts are provided not proceedings under collective bargaining agreements; and questions by the court, but by the attorney. This course explores the process of remedy (including issues relating to numerical standards, some- by which factual information is obtained, the manner in which times called “quotas’’). facts shape legal claims, and, in turn, the way in which legal issues shape factual investigation and the presentation of facts at trial. EMPLOYMENT LAW (3) Current topics in employment relations that fall outside the system FAMILY LAW (3) of collective bargaining, including regulation of employment ter - Examines the legal aspects of the family unit, including establish- mination; ownership of ideas and information by incumbent and ment of the marital relationship, intrafamily rights and res p o n s i b i l i - departing employees (covenants not to compete, trade secret, and ties, marriage dissolution, problems of support and the custody of invention agreements); privacy rights on the job (including hiring ch i l d r en, and, if time allows, the role of the state in protecting the questionnaires, disclosure of personnel information, searches we l f a r e of children. The changing role of women is explored in and seizures, drug testing, electronic monitoring); employment each area . relations of independent contractors and home workers; employee representation on board of directors; employee-owned businesses. Problems relating to invention agreements and covenants also may be considered.

59 FEDERAL COURTS (4) FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE (3) An inquiry into the powers of the various federal courts; into their Explores the philosophical and political backgrounds of competing relations among themselves and to other arms of governments conceptions of equality for women (for example, the philosophical (state and federal); and into the science, art, and politics of success- basis for the “difference equality split” that has dominated so fully invoking their powers. The major focus is on the role of the much of the literature in feminist legal circles). Required texts have federal courts in our constitutional system. Analysis of the types of been authored by thinkers as divergent as Simone de Beauvoir, cases the federal courts should adjudicate, the circumstances under Luce Irigaray, bell hooks, Patricia Williams, and Toni Morrison. wh i c h they should hear cases, when they should defer to proceed- A crucial focus of the class is whether or not an adequately for- ings in state courts or decisions by state officials, and the extent to mulated theory of equality for women can be devised without which Congress can alter federal court jurisdiction. understanding the intertwinement of any conception of our sexual difference with our race, class, and nationality. The cases covered FEDERAL ESTATE, GIFT, AND TRANSFER TAXES (3) are put in the context of how law has attempted to expand its own Cannot be taken without prior or contemporaneous enrollment in Trusts and conception of equality so as to address the specific situation of Estates. This course is a prerequisite for Estate Planning. women and, more particularly, women of color. The topical issues Basic course in federal transfer taxes on gratuitous transfers during of abortion, pornography, and sexual harassment from the perspec- life or at death. Deals with the principles, concepts, and rules for tive of competing theories of equality also are examined. gift and estate taxes, and introduces the generation-skipping tax. Examines the subjects in much greater detail than the Trusts and HOUSING LAW AND POLICY (3) Estates course. Fundamental to the drawing of wills or trusts in Selected topics in housing and urban developments include inter- practice, and required for further estate planning work at the esting policy issues sometimes not covered in Property because law school. of time constraints, such as landlord-tenant reform movements, public housing, homelessness, squatting, rent control, and private FEDERAL INCOME TAX (4) government by homeowners’ associations. Basic course in the structure and operation of the federal income tax and its application to individuals and business organizations. ILLICIT DRUGS: POLICY AND PRACTICE (3) Illicit drugs pose a unique problem in our criminal justice system. FED E R A L INC O M E TAX —C OR P O R AT I O N S AN D SHA R E H O L D E R S (3 ) In many jurisdictions, drug offenses outnumber every other cate- Prerequisite: Federal Income Tax. Business Associations is preferred, but go r y of offense combined, and drug offenses are the only serious not required. crimes for which there are respectable alternatives to using the Study of federal income tax laws relating to the conduct of busi- criminal justice system. This course examines the statutes and cases ness in corporate form. Transactions in which tax considerations regulating illicit drugs, considering how criminal law doctrines and are of particular importance in business planning, including the procedures are affected by their application to drug crimes. It also organization of a corporation, the formulation of its capital struc- considers drug policy, inquiring into the scope and limits of the ture, dividend distributions to shareholders, stock redemptions, criminal sanction, and why the social problems involving drug sales of stock or assets, liquidations, and corporate reorganizations use fall outside these limits. are covered. Primary emphasis on matters of interest in closely held corporations, although many of the principles are also of concern to public companies.

60 IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION LAW (2) INTERNATIONAL LAW AND A JUST WORLD ORDER (3) Survey of laws dealing with the defense of alien rights. An analysis The role of legal processes, institutions, and organizations in of current law governing the admission, exclusion, and deportation the evolving world community. Covers the manner in which of aliens is addressed along with discussions of eligibility require- traditional international law arose and analyzes the basic concepts ments in various immigrant and nonimmigrant visa categories. of international law: sources, subjects, sovereignty, treaties and Reviews of laws pertaining to acquisition of U.S. citizenship also agreements, jurisdiction, state responsibility, the use of force, and are covered. peaceful settlement of disputes. Insofar as possible, deals with the interrelated problems of war, poverty, social injustice, and ecologi- INDEPENDENT RESEARCH (BA) cal stability throughout the globe. The limit in any one term with any one faculty member is 3 credits. Students may, with the permission of the dean, engage in inde- INTERNATIONAL TAX (3) pendent research activities under the supervision of a full-time Prerequisite: Federal Income Tax. member of the law school faculty. Credit varies with the amount Overview of U.S. taxation of income from international transac- and difficulty of work to be completed and is determined after tions. U.S. income taxation of foreign persons and of foreign-source submission of a research proposal and consultation with the income derived by U.S. persons is examined. Topics include opera- faculty member and the dean. tion of the foreign tax credit and of U.S. income tax treaties, the new definitions of U.S. residency under the Tax Reform Act of INSURANCE (2) 1984, U.S. taxation of foreign investment in U.S. real estate, deferral The study of the insurance carrier, public regulations, supervision of U.S. tax on income derived by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. com- and control, and types of insurance organizations. The interests panies, and U.S. tax consequences of differing methods of conduct- protected by insurance on property and life as well as liability ing international business transactions. Accountability is based insurance are considered. The selection and control of risks, prob- upon classroom discussion and an examination. lems of marketing insurance, investigation of claims, and interpre- tation of policy forms also are covered. INTERNET LAW (2) The explosive growth of the Internet as a medium for commerce INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS (3) and communications poses novel legal challenges. Addresses A study of the private law aspects of international transactions. issues that must be considered when transacting business, offering General topics include U.S. law as it affects the entry of persons, services, or merely using the Internet. Covers electronic commerce, goods, and investment to national markets; multinational intellectual property protection, state process and regulations, con- cor-porations, export controls, international institutions that tracts, privacy, torts, taxation, speech, crime, security regulations, affect private transactions, such as GATT and the EEC; and the advertising, and jurisdiction, among other issues. comparative study of similar topics in both developed and developing countries. INTRODUCTORY JURISPRUDENCE (3) Most of the discussion in law school classes deals quite properly INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND SUSTAINABLE with what the law is. Questions of what the law should be are DEVELOPMENT (3) often raised but seldom pressed for fear that the class discussion Enrollment limited to twelve law students. will degenerate into an exchange of mere opinion. But the rational An interdepartmental course offered by the law school and Grad- justification of a legal decision, law, or legal principle can be car- uate School of Management that examines combining business and ried much further than most lawyers are accustomed to going. legal measures to make nature conservation more profitable and The course includes reading of classic, ancient, and modern texts effective in developing nations and to make environmentally in ethics and social and political philosophy with an eye to their destructive practices comparatively less profitable. Focuses on application to contemporary legal problems. topics raised by economic incentive strategies for promoting inter- national environmental protection. These include the integration of LABOR LAW (3) sustainable development and conservation programs, creation of A study of the creation and operation of the process of collective start-up businesses in poor countries linked to new conservation bargaining between unions and employers under the National commitments, intensive eco-marketing of the resulting products Labor Relations Act, the Labor-Management Relations Act of and services in wealthy developed nations, and using information 1947, and the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act disclosure mandates and other legal mechanisms in consumer of 1959. Application of these statutes to employee caucuses, nations to reduce the value of goods produced in an ecologically teams, joint committees, and informal employee group action harmful manner. Also, overcoming legal and political barriers to also is considered. international trade in conservation-compatible goods. Students also participate in implementing combined sustainable LAND USE CONTROLS (2 OR 3) development and conservation projects in several developing An analysis of various legal controls that are available to carry out nations. These small-group projects are designed to support the planning policy, with special emphasis on the relationship between activities of EcoVitality, a nonprofit environmental organization implementing various planning goals and the basic principles of established to promote more effective conservation efforts in devel- Constitutional Law. Review of the legal problems involved in zon- oping countries. ing ordinances and in various types of housing and redevelopment Students may read more about this integrated business/legal legislation. Special attention given to the implications of such con- approach and about particular conservation projects on the trol for civil liberties and basic democratic values. Current land use EcoVitality web site at ecovitality.org or ecovitality.com. issues, including Mount Laurel.

INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (3) LAW AND COMPUTERS (2) Course examines selected issues involving international protection A study of the various ways in which computer technology affects of intellectual property, with a particular emphasis on copyright. and is affected by the law. Among private international law issues covered are conflict of laws and jurisdiction. The course also examines public international law LAW AND ECONOMICS (3) issues, including examination of international treaties and enforce- Introduction to the central concepts of law and economics, includ- ment mechanisms, and compares foreign intellectual property ing alternative notions of efficiency, and rational choice and public systems with those of the United States and addresses issues choice theory, the Coase theorem, transaction and administrative concerning licensing of intellectual property abroad. costs, the impact of public and private regulation on individual behavioral choice, and the application of these concepts to various aspects of the legal system, including: the choices between statu- tory and common law, rules and standards, property and liability

61 rules, and strict liability and negligence; the determination of dam- LEGAL PROFESSION (2) ages for breach contract; and the rules of legal procedure. Moral, Not open to students who have taken Professional Responsibility. ethical, and philosophical criticisms often made of the economic Deals with a series of practical problems that members of the legal approach to law are explored. A prior acquaintance with econom- profession face in their practices. At the center of the course are ics is neither assumed nor required. the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, with an emphasis on the ethical aspects of a number of factual situations. Consideration LAW AND HUMANITIES (3) is given to the machinery by which the profession is regulated. Brings together selected writings (e.g., Plato, Ae s c h y l u s , Job, Measure for Measure, Notes from the Underground, Native Son, and others) LEGISLATION (3) to examine such questions as (1) What is the nature of the universe Introduction to the problems and skills involved in coping with with which law interacts? (2) Do people have control over making the following tasks of the lawyer: gauging the efficacy of proposed moral or immoral, just or unjust, and legal or illegal decisions? legislation; ascertaining the meaning of vague and ambiguous (3) Do legal institutions bring about changes that improve the language; drafting; influencing and guiding legislative activity; community or the individual? (4) Do legal institutions necessarily counseling in legislative investigations. distort the truth? (5) What is the proper role of truth, love, beauty, and passion in a just society or one governed by law? MEDIATION (3) Mediation, in which a neutral third party assists people in resolv- LAW AND HUMANITIES II (2) ing their disputes, has witnessed a phenomenal growth. Many Law and Humanities is not a prere q u i s i t e . court systems use mediation as a way to settle cases without a trial. The humanities, in particular fiction, film, painting, music, Lawyers may urge their clients to try mediation to get better agree- sculpture, and more, are useful ways to explore the experience of ments without the expense, hostility, and aggravation that often being a human in various societies over time and around the accompany litigation. Even if they do not act as mediators them- world. Illustrative books from past courses (some will be repeated) selves, lawyers may find themselves representing parties in media- include Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter; Dreiser, Sister Carrie; tion sessions, or drafting mediation clauses for contracts. This Wharton, The House of Mirth; Eliot, Middlemarch; Morrison, Beloved; course covers key skills that mediators should have, using simu- Achebe, Things Fall Apart; Paton, Cry, The Beloved Country; lated mediations in which students participate, and also covers Mahfouz, Palace Walk; Rushdie, The Moors Last Sigh; and Allende, the conceptual issues that should be understood to make sound The House of the Spirits. judgments about the use of mediation. After initial skills training, Students are graded based on a question and answer prepared students may have the opportunity to act as mediators in real dis- for each week’s written assignment and turned in prior to class, putes, and should have flexibility to make themselves available for class attendance and participation, and a presentation, which will this kind of work. May be used to satisfy part of the requirements be developed into an eight-to-twelve-page paper. for the Certificate in Conflict Management. Follows up in a more intensive way some of the concepts introduced in Alternative LAW AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS (3) Dispute Resolution. Communications law with emphasis on First Amendment prob l e m s which arise in connection with activities of the big media, e.g., free- MENTAL HEALTH LAW (3) dom of information and access to public proceedings; defamation Examining various ways in which American law responds to the and privacy; regulation of broadcasting, particularly the electronic existence of mental illness, this course includes readings and media; public rights of access to the media; and the impact of new discussions that explore such matters as privacy and the psychia- technologies on law. The problems of developing a coherent theory trist/patient privilege, the psychiatrist’s duty to warn potential of freedom of the press in the context of the media today. victims of a patient’s violent impulses, a patient’s right to ref u s e me d i c a t i o n , the standard for confining those mentally ill individu- LAW AND MEDICINE (2) als who are “dangerous” in mental institutions, and the implica- Explores the interaction of the legal and medical professions, with tions of mental illness for crime and punishment, including such particular emphasis on newly developed legal doctrines and the issues as the insanity defense and competency to be executed. impact of new medical technologies. Right-to-die litigation is one focus of the term, but an effort is made to cover a broad range of MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (2) topics of current interest. Course considers the forms and functions of local government; the workings of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches LAW AND PHILOSOPHY, CRITICAL THINKING, ARGUMENTS, thereof; the relationship of local government to county and state AND LOGIC (3) authority; and the legal issues likely to be involved with all of Course teaches logical analysis of arguments by exploring the lan- these. Principal decisions of the United States Supreme Court and guage and uses of argument, close and deep analysis of arguments, the New Jersey courts, with some emphasis given to zoning and informal fallacies, inductive reasoning, analogical reasoning, and planning matters, tort claims, and state and federal constitutional analysis of arguments through application of (very elementary) issues that have particular relevance to local government formal logic. The concept of the validity of arguments is examined. are conidered. Logical analysis is applied to arguments about such topics as capital punishment and abortion. There are regular exercises for NEGOTIATIONS (3) which assigned students have responsibility to discuss in class. Lawyers may negotiate more than they engage in any other single No prior background in philosophy or logic is required. task. Arranging business deals, setting the terms of employment (both union and nonunion), transferring real estate, guiding LEGAL ACCOUNTING (2) divorces, settling all kinds of civil litigation, and plea bargaining Course is intended for persons who have never studied account- are all familiar features of lawyers’ work. Students participate in ing. It begins with an explanation of double-entry bookkeeping and critique several simulated negotiation exercises, drawn from and some practice in making bookkeeping entries, and progresses varied aspects of legal practice. The course also surveys key mod- through the preparation and understanding of financial statements ern ideas about negotiation. The last few decades have seen a sub- of corporations, the stockholders’ equity accounts, and the princi- stantial growth in the breadth and richness of negotiation theory, ples used in determining net corporate income. and the course pays attention to how theory can usefully inform practice. May be used to satisfy part of the requirements for the Certificate in Conflict Management. Follows up in a more intensive way some concepts introduced in Alternative Dispute Resolution.

62 PRIVACY LAW (3) Examines the protection federal and state law affords privacy. The course will canvass various constitutional, statutory, and common law protections of physical seclusion, confidentiality of personal information, and autonomy in making family and lifestyle choices. Covers Fourth Amendment and analogous state constitutional protections of privacy against government intrusion (in both law enforcement and non-law-enforcement settings); federal statutory restraints upon wiretapping and interception of electronic commu- nications by both governmental and nongovernmental actors; protections afforded by several data privacy statutes; action vindi- cating individuals’ interests in privacy; and the scope of privacy with regard to personal choices, such as those relating to reproduc- tive decisions, sexual preferences, and the right to die.

PRODUCTS LIABILITY (3) Examines the evolution, doctrinal requirements, and social policies underlying the three branches of strict products liability law— manufacturing, design, and warning defects. The latter part of the term focuses on sources of confusion and inconsistency in current doctrines, such as the state-of-the-art defense and the unavoidably dangerous exception, and on possible common law and legislative reforms.

PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (3) The number of suits against lawyers is growing, as are the law of malpractice and the involvement of other lawyers representing plaintiffs or defendants. This course considers such issues as the applicable causes of action, suits by nonexperts and professional NEW JERSEY PRACTICE (3) rules, defenses, and the prevention of malpractice. Organization and jurisdiction of the courts; civil actions; process; pleading; joinder of parties, claims, and remedies; discovery, REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (3) venue, selection of division; pretrial motions, including summary A survey course encompassing typical residential and commercial judgment; pretrial conferences; consolidation; trial motions; transactions; title assurances and financing techniques. verdicts, findings, and judgments; posttrial motions; execution; procedure in lieu of prerogative writs; contempt; attachment and REGULATED INDUSTRIES (2) capias; injunctions and special proceedings; appeals, final and Examines the issues that surround the government regulation of interlocutory; certification; scope of review; mandate and judgment. business. Particular emphasis placed upon (1) the nature, structure, and limitations upon regulation; (2) regulation of industries, such NEW YORK PRACTICE (2) as insurance and other financial services, to ensure adequate pro- A study of the New York civil practice law: organization and tection of customer funds; and (3) regulation of the traditional ut i l - jurisdiction of the courts; civil actions, process; joinder of parties, ity industries, including the changes occurring in the regulation as claims, and remedies, venue; discovery; pretrial motions, including traditional utility industries are being deregulated and becoming summary judgment; pr etrial conferen c e s ; consolidation; trial in t e r n a t i o n a l i z e d . motions, verdicts, finding, and judgments; posttrial motions; exe- cutions; Article 78 proceedings; contempt; attachment and capias; SECURED TRANSACTIONS (3) injunctions and special proceedings; appeals, final, interlocutory, It is recommended, but not required, that students take this course in conjunc - and discretionary; scope of review; mandate and judgment. tionwith Bankruptcy in order to gain a full understanding of debtor-creditor relations. Not open to students who have taken Debtor and Creditor Law. Study of borrower, lender, and third-party rights in personal PATENT LAW (2 OR 3) property used as collateral in secured sale and loan transactions. This course has three goals: to give students a taste of what patent Creation and perfections of security interests, priority among law is—a unique mix of law and science sifted through a burge o n - conflicting interests, and enforcement of contract rights under ing government bureaucracy and a somewhat technically unin- UCC Article 9 constitute the focus of this course. Related issues formed judiciary; to give students a firm theoretical understanding arising under finance leases lead into limited coverage of UCC of the patent statutes and their case law-developing meaning; and Article 2A. to give students a practical view of how the patenting process works and how patents are used, infringed, challenged, and liti- SECURITIES AND MARKET REGULATION (4) gated over in the real world. Prerequisite: Business Associations. In the first class, students are given information about the quali- Analyzes the series of statutes collectively referred to as the fications required for eligibility for admission to practice before federal securities laws and examines the structure and practices the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Students also are instructed of the key capital markets. The basic materials are court decisions, how this course, other courses, and certain supplemental study the Securities Act of 1933 and Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and materials might be combined by those wishing to prepare to take SEC rules and regulations. Ar eas covered include public offerings of the patent bar exam. securities, tender offers, regulation of brok e r -dealers, and continu- Alt h ough no particular scientific background is req u i r ed, achiev- ou s disclosure requirements. ing the above-stated goals requires discussing some inventions and technologies. Technical areas will be explained in sufficient detail to allow everyone to grasp their fundamental aspects. Those who are technophobes may find such sojourns less enjoyable than those who are not.

63 SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS (3) WHITE COLLAR CRIME (2) All instruction, including course discussions, will take place via the Internet. Considers legal and sociological aspects of the phenomenon com- The law directing Social Security payments and setting their monly called white collar crime. In initial meetings, the origins of amount is complex. Questions about proper application of this law the concept and the growth of public concern about white collar are raised in thousands of administrative hearings and federal crime are assessed, focusing in particular on differences between court proceedings each year. Since these benefits are so important white collar and “street” crime. Then distinctive characteristics of to individuals at critical points in their lives, knowing under what investigation procedures, prosecution, and defense of white collar circumstances Social Security benefits are available and how much cases are examined, as well as the difficulties faced by judges in they will be is essential for effective financial planning. sentencing persons convicted of white collar crimes. The assess- ment of special prosecution and defense functions focuses atten- SPORTS LAW (2) tion on the problem of defining legal responsibility and setting a Explores the legal issues presented in professional and amateur boundary between criminal and civil liability. Fraud in insider sports. Focuses on judicial, administrative, and private decisions trading is examined closely in order to assess the issue of choice that have created a cohesive body of principles for the resolution of sanctions. of disputes involving athletes, clubs, leagues, spectators, and fans. These decisions address issues of antitrust, labor, tort, agency, and constitutional law. Particular attention is paid to recent events involving professional baseball and hockey, cases involving free INDEPENDENT RESEARCH, agency, the reserve system and player contracts, collective bar- PARTICIPATORY CREDIT, gaining and salary arbitration, violence in sports, league structure and governance, and NCAA rules and regulations. EXTERNSHIPS, AND ASSISTANTS

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (3) INDEPENDENT RESEARCH (1 TO 3) A study of applied constitutional law and the distribution of Independent study under the supervision of a member of the power among competing majorities. Topics include a review of faculty on a discrete topic in the law, resulting in a research paper. the sources of local government authority; the legal relationships among local, state, and federal governments; the concept and RUTGERS LAW REVIEW (1 OR 2 PER TERM; 6 MAXIMUM) operation of home rule; constitutional and statutory limitations Rutgers Law Review publishes critical legal opinion, including arti- on local government power; the overlapping authority of special cles on important legal problems by authorities in their respective governments; and the future of localized authority. fields, student commentary, and book reviews. Selection is based on a competition in writing, analytical, and editorial abilities, as STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION (2) well as academic performance. All students are invited to submit Prerequisite: Constitutional Law. completed manuscripts for publication and thereby gain member- Surveys the major elements of revenue-raising by the states and ship on the Rutgers Law Review during the fall term. their subdivisions—the property tax, the sales tax, and the income tax. Emphasis is on broad concepts and policies, rather than RUTGERS COMPUTER AND TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL detailed exploration of tax rules. In particular, the course examines (1 OR 2 PER TERM; 6 MAXIMUM) federal and state constitutions as they bear on due process, equal Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal is a student-run, law- protection, and interstate tax equities, subjects normally omitted review-style publication. It focuses on issues arising from the inter- from the basic course in Constitutional Law. An examination may action of computers and other technologies with the law. Emphasis be substituted with a paper that meets the school’s graduation in the past has been placed on three major areas: legal aspects of writing requirement. the computer industry, legal ramifications of the use of computers and other special technologies, and the application of computers TRANSNATIONAL LITIGATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION (3) and new technologies to the legal profession. Other recent topics Procedural, strategic, and substantive legal issues that are most include communications and environmental regulation. The jour- likely to confront the American lawyer in handling the resolution nal is published semiannually, and a large part of it is written by of disputes that transcend national borders. Topics explored students. Staff members are selected primarily through a writing include: the gathering of evidence, privileges and immunities, competition, but members also may join by writing an article suit- enforcement of judgments and awards, jurisdiction and access able for publication in the journal. to judicial systems, and the extraterritorial application of domestic laws. WOMEN’S RIGHTS LAW REPORTER (1 OR 2 PER TERM; 6 MAXIMUM) TRIAL PRESENTATION (2) Women’s Rights Law Reporter is a quarterly journal of legal scholar- Prerequisite: Evidence. ship and feminist criticism published by students at the School of Practice in preparing for and conducting trials, including develop- Law–Newark. Founded in 1970 by feminist activists, legal workers, ment of trial strategy; opening statements and summations; the and law students, and first published independently in New York making of a trial record; direct and cross-examination of witnesses; City, the Women’s Rights Law Reporter moved to Rutgers in 1972 and and preparation and introduction of exhibits. Intensive classroom formally affiliated with the law school in 1974. It is the oldest legal exercises culminate in simulated bench trials, in which students periodical in the United States focusing exclusively on the field participate as members of trial teams. of women’s rights law. The journal examines legislative develop- ments, significant federal and state court cases, judicial doctrines, TRUSTS AND ESTATES (4) litigation strategies, the lives and careers of prominent women Pre- or corequisite: This coverage of estate and gift taxes is limited and will not jurists, the legal profession, and other areas of law or public policy fully prepare students for estate planning. The next course to be taken in the estate planning sequence is Federal Estate, Gift, and Transfer Taxes (which may relating to women’s rights. be taken concurrently when Trusts and Estates and the tax course are offered in the same term). The latter course—and not Trusts and Estates—also is a prereq - uisite for Estate Planning. A survey of basic estate planning techniques, including wills and trusts, and the estate and gift tax implications of these techniques. This coverage of estate and gift taxes is limited, and does not fully prepare students for estate planning.

64 RUTGERS RACE AND THE LAW REVIEW (1 OR 2 PER TERM; RESEARCH ASSISTANT (1 TO 3) 6 MAXIMUM) Students provide research assistance to members of the faculty in Rutgers Race and the Law Review provides a forum for scholarship areas of the faculty’s scholarly interest. and dialogue on race, ethnicity, and the law. Established in 1996, it is the second journal in the country to focus on the broad spectrum TEACHING ASSISTANT (1 OR 2) of multicultural issues. It addresses the concerns of people of color Students provide teaching assistance to members of the faculty. and covers various types of political ideologies, philosophies, and religions. Of special interests are treaties, agreements, and laws promulgated among different nations and the impact they have on people of color. Most staff members are selected through a writing SECOND- AND THIRD-YEAR competition; evaluation is based on writing and analytical skills. SEMINARS* Interested applicants also may join by submitting an article suit- able for publication. ADVANCED LEGAL RESEARCH (2) AFFIRMATIVE ACTION (2) RUTGERS LAW RECORD (1 OR 2 PER TERM; 6 MAXIMUM) ANIMAL RIGHTS AND THE LAW (2) Rutgers Law Record is the first general-subject paperless BANKING LAW (2) law journal in the United States. It can be accessed at CHILDREN AND THE LAW (2) pegasus.rutgers.edu/~record/. CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS (2) CORPORATE REORGANIZATION (2) MOOT COURT BOARD (1 OR 2 PER TERM; 6 MAXIMUM) CURRENT SUPREME COURT TERM (2) The Moot Court Board assists in the administration of the law DEATH AND DYING (2) school’s two major intramural moot court programs: the David DEATH PENALTY (2) Cohn Moot Court Competition and the Nathan Baker Mock Trial DOUBLE JEOPARDY (2) Competition. The board is selected each spring from among those ELDER LAW (2) students demonstrating high achievement in writing briefs and ELECTION LAW AND THE POLITICAL PROCESS (2) in oral advocacy. Some board members may act as advisers to ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (2) students participating in Appellate Moot Court courses, and others EMPLOYMENT LITIGATION (2) are responsible for the conduct of the Spring Moot Court Com- ENERGY LAW (2) petition. The board also sponsors a team in the annual National EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS (2) Moot Court Competition. In addition, it encourages student par- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (2) ticipation in specialized competitions. In recent years, this has FOOD AND DRUG REGULATORY LAW (2) included the Wagner Labor Law Competition, the Albert R. Mugel GENOCIDE: HISTORY, SOCIOLOGY, AND LAW (2) National Moot Court Tax Competition, the American Patent Law HISTORY OF BUSINESS CORPORATION (2) Association Competition, the Jerome Prince Evidence Moot Court, HUMAN BODY AND THE LAW (2) the National Mock Trial Competition, the ABA/LSD Client HUMAN SEXUALITY AND THE LAW (2) Counseling Competition, and the Negotiations Competition. INNER-CITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (2) INTENTIONAL EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION (2) JUDICIAL EXTERNSHIP (2 OR 3) INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS (2) Students work in the chambers of a federal or New Jersey state INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (2) judge as a member of the judge’s legal staff for a term. Students INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS (2) also are required to participate in a weekly seminar on matters INTERNATIONAL TRADE REGULATION (2) related to the judicial process, conducted by the law school. INTERNET AND PUBLIC SPHERE (2) LABOR ARBITRATION (2) NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD (NLRB) EXTERNSHIP (3) LABOR LAWYERS (2) The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) enforces federal LABOR NEGOTIATIONS (2) statutes governing industrial relations. All NLRB externs are LAW AND THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT, 1776–1999 (2) assigned a wide variety of tasks related to the processing and LAW OFFICE MANAGEMENT (2) handling of “live” cases. Students assist NLRB attorneys in their LAW OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT (2) day-to-day responsibilities, with a significant portion of their time MENTAL HEALTH LAW (2) devoted to researching substantive, evidentiary, and procedural MIRANDA (2) issues that they document through legal memoranda. Participants PARTNERSHIP AND SUBCHAPTER S TAXATION (2) also are called upon to interview witnesses and prepare affidavits, PARTNERSHIP TAX (2) and, if possible, handle a few simple investigations on their own POLICE ARREST AND INTERROGATION (2) (under their supervisor’s close supervision). Students are invited PRETRIAL CIVIL PRACTICE (2) to attend staff-training seminars that are conducted during their PROPERTY AND PRIVACY (2) tenure. In addition, NLRB externs attend occasional externship PSYCHODYNAMICS OF LAWYERING (2) seminars at the law school. Available to second- and third-year PUBLIC INTEREST ADVOCACY (2) students who have successfully completed or are concurrently PUBLIC EDUCATION LAW (2) enrolled in Labor Law. PUBLIC LAW (2) PUNISHMENT AND SENTENCING (2) NEW JERSEY ATTORNEY GENERAL EXTERNSHIP (3) RACE, GENDER, AND TORT LAW (2) The externship is available during the fall and spring terms and the summer session. It is limited to approximately ten students each term and is open only RACE LAW THEORY (2) to second- and third-year students. SEPARATION OF POWERS (2) The externship emphasizes research and writing in one of five TAX POLICY (2) areas: civil rights, consumer protection, health law/professional TOPICS IN POSTMODERN JURISPRUDENCE (2) regulation, securities, and transportation. Students have the TOXIC TORT (2) opportunity to the maximum extent possible to assist deputy WOMEN AND WORK (2) attorneys general with trial preparation and to observe trials and appellate argu m e n t s in cases on which they have worked. Each extern also participates in a series of in-house training semi- * Seminars listed are those that have been offered in the past few years nars. Offered for 3 credits on a fifteen-hour per week, fourteen- and are likely to be offered again. Seminar offerings change frequently week basis, the externship will be graded on a Pass/D, F basis with in response to the research activity of individual faculty members and a written evaluation at the end of the term by the coordinator in student interest. Prerequisites for individual seminars may be announced by the instructor at the time of registration. the Division of Law.

65 CLINICAL PROGRAMS issues. Students work in teams supervised by clinical teachers and are involved in the strategy, development, and analysis of legal and factual issues and in research and writing of legal memoranda Within the limits of available resources, the school offers and briefs, as well as working with individual clients and client a variety of clinical opportunities to meet the interests groups. As with all the clinics, students also participate in a semi- and needs of students. nar. The Constitutional Litigation Advocacy seminar combines substantive constitutional law, federal and state procedure, and CHILD ADVOCACY CLINIC (6) litigation strategy and advocacy techniques. Students in the Child Advocacy Clinic (CAC) work on a variety of cases and projects concerning children and low-income families. In ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLINIC (6) some cases, students act as law guardians (attorneys) for children Second-year students cannot appear in court, but may participate in all other who have been brought before the family court because of child aspects of the clinic. Preference will be given to second- and third-year students abuse and/or child neglect concerns. Many of these children have who have taken an environmental course or seminar. Students may sign up for been removed from the care of their parents, at least temporarily, a second clinic term if space is available. They are excused from those seminar and are residing in foster care or with relatives. In these cases, stu- sessions which would be repetitive and may elect 4 or 6 credits. Evening students dents are responsible for ensuring that the legal interests and needs may enroll with permission of the instructor, if they can attend the seminar, make any appearances required, and undertake some case and consultation of these children are being met. As part of this representation, stu- responsibilities during working hours. dents appear in court hearings in the Essex County Superior Court, The Environmental Law Clinic is a one- or two-term program in Family Division. On other cases, students represent family mem- which students engage in environmental litigation, mediation, bers in fair hearings (like mini-trials) before administrative law administrative representation (commenting on state and federal judges (of the Office of Administrative Law and the Office of agency rules, testifying before state and federal agencies), or leg- Hearings and Appeals) where individuals have been wrongly islative advocacy (statutory drafting, testifying in legislative hear- denied needed public benefits or incorrectly terminated from bene- ings). Students work under the supervision of clinical faculty and fit programs. In these hearings, students do everything from inter- staff attorneys on a docket of cases which focus on major environ- viewing clients to writing briefs to representing clients at hearings. mental issues facing New Jersey and the Mid-Atlantic region, such Community education and outreach also is an important part of as litigation combating the lead poisoning of children, protecting the work of the CAC. Accordingly, students are responsible for at public health from air and water pollution, promoting sound land least one community education project each term. Past projects use, and properly disposing of solid and hazardous wastes. The have included conducting educational workshops, planning and clinic has undertaken major projects in transportation reform and presenting at conferences, preparing written educational materials, en v i r onmental justice. Because clinic clients may often be and staffing information tables at various community gatherings. co-plaintiffs with other environmental organizations, students What is unique about the CAC is its holistic, collaborative, and have significant contact with those groups. Clinic representation is interdisciplinary approach to addressing the needs of children and predominantly on behalf of low income clients and community families. In all its work, the CAC collaborates closely with all of the organizations, making it one of the few public interest “law firms” clinics at Rutgers law school and with professionals in other disci- specializing in environmental impact on the poor. Students are plines in addressing the multiple issues, legal and nonlegal, that involved in all aspects of representation, e.g., deciding which cases children and their families may face. If issues arise that some of the to take, preparing pleadings, handling factual investigations, other clinics at Rutgers are better equipped to handle, we work developing statistical data, drafting and arguing motions, writing closely with those other clinics. In addition to fundamental lawyer- briefs, conducting discovery, and trying cases. Students are ing skills, substantive law, and professional responsibility, the assigned to a mix of short- and long-term projects. CAC’s curriculum teaches law students the importance of A weekly seminar includes substantive discussions of clinic evaluating cases in a comprehensive manner and how to work cases and involves videotaping of students doing dry runs of court effectively with persons from other disciplines. and other appearances; this provides individual feedback on Students enrolled in the CAC for the first time are awarded substance and style. 6 credits for their work and are expected to work on their field and course work for approximately eighteen hours per week. FEDERAL TAX LAW CLINIC (6) A seminar class meets for two hours each week. The CAC is open Prerequisite: Federal Income Tax. to second- and third-year students. However, actual appearances The Federal Tax Law Clinic is designed to expose law students to before the Essex County Superior Court, Family Division, and cases involving disputes with the Internal Revenue Service. It is the some appearances before the Office of Administrative Law are first of its kind in New Jersey. Students enrolled in the clinic have limited to third-year students pursuant to New Jersey Court Rules. approval from the IRS National Office and the U.S. Tax Court to represent taxpayers living in New Jersey who have disputes with COMMUNITY LAW CLINIC (8) the IRS. The Tax Court notifies individuals scheduled to appear in The Community Law Clinic focuses on providing assistance to court of the availability of legal services provided by poor clients and poor communities other than through traditional the clinic. litigation. Tasks can include providing legal information and coun- The Federal Tax Law Clinic litigates and explores an important seling to individuals and groups, and representing individuals and area of substantive law. Under the supervision of an attorney with groups in transactional work, such as not-for-profit incorporation, extensive IRS experience, students interview and counsel clients, microenterprises, real estate improvement and development, and conduct factual and legal research, and represent clients in negotia- other matters important to improving conditions in poor tions with the IRS or in Tax Court trials. The weekly clinic seminar communities. Students spend substantial time in the field meeting combines instruction in tax law with training in professional skills and working with current and prospective clients. and the ethical standards of the profession. The seminar includes presentations by private tax lawyers and IRS representatives. CONSTITUTIONAL LITIGATION CLINIC (6) Students also engage in simulation exercises involving motion Students enrolling in this clinic for the first time are expected to enroll for practice, negotiation with an IRS appeals officer, and a mock Tax 6 credits. Returning students may enroll for 2 or 4 credits. Part-time students Court trial. may enroll only with the permission of the instructor and are expected to have sufficient flexibility in their other obligations so that they can handle daytime The clinic provides legal services only to taxpayers who cannot work, such as investigation, depositions, and court hearings when necessary. afford private representation in disputes with the IRS or who The Constitutional Litigation Clinic focuses on cases involving have a case docketed in the U.S. Tax Court under the small-case civil rights and international human rights which are litigated by procedures. It does not provide assistance in the preparation of tax the clinic and sponsored by public interest organizations, such as returns, nor does it handle disputes related to New Jersey state the ACLU, the Center for Constitutional Rights, and the NAACP. income taxes. Cases are primarily large ones, raising complex factual and legal

66 URBAN LEGAL CLINIC SECTION 1 (8) Prerequisite or corequisite: Evidence. Open only to third-year students who are authorized to appear as trial counsel in the state trial courts. Academic Policies The clinic is a one- or two-term program that provides practical training in the resolution of legal issues typical of the practice of law in an urban environment. Students work under the supervision and Procedures of clinic faculty and staff attorneys on a docket of cases, selected fr om the fields of domestic relations, housing, landlord-tenant dis- putes, health and welfare rights, consumer credit financing, equal employment opportunity, immigration, labor, police-community relations, and criminal and civil rights. Students are involved in all aspects of rep r esentation, including some case selection and inter- viewing clients, fact investigation, and the trying STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY of cases. TO KEEP INFORMED

URBAN LEGAL CLINIC SECTION 2—THE SPECIAL EDUCATION In addition to this catalog, students should consult the CLINIC (8) Student Handbook for rules and regulations pertaining The clinic provides representation to children from indigent fami- to requirements for the Juris Doctor degree. Students are lies, primarily in urban, northern New Jersey districts, who are entitled to education services under the federal Individuals with presumed to have knowledge of the contents of this catalog Disabilities Education Act. and the Student Handbook. Recent studies indicate that approximately 10 percent of all pub- lic school children in New Jersey are classified as in need of special education. The decisions of the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke confirm the need to improve the services provided REGISTRATION AND to these students, especially in poorer school districts such as COURSE INFORMATION Newark. One obstacle to obtaining special education services is the limited number of attorneys who are familiar with this highly spe- Formal admission to the academic program of the School cialized area of the law. The clinic provides intensive training to of Law–Newark and payment of all charges to the univer- law students in representing these clients effectively at mediation si t y cashier are prerequisites to registration. Registration is proceedings and at administrative hearings challenging the appro- priateness, adequacy, or implementation of their school’s plan to a prerequisite to class attendance. meet the children’s educational needs. The goal of the Special Education Clinic is to develop a contin- Change of Courses gent of New Jersey lawyers capable of assisting the parents of stu- dents with educational disabilities to obtain appropriate programs A course may be added without obtaining approval during and services for their children and to advise boards of education the first week of classes. Thereafter, a student may add about their responsibilities under the law. The clinic also helps to a course only with the permission of the instructor and educate parents from the poorer districts—who often are less the associate dean for academic affairs. likely to challenge the decisions of school districts—about their An upperclass student may drop a course without right to participate in planning for their children’s education. approval up until the examination for the course has been distributed, provided that the student has not seen the WOMEN’S RIGHTS LITIGATION CLINIC SECTION 1 (6) examination questions and that the student is not thereby in This clinic offers students the opportunity to participate in a broad ef fect withdrawing from school. Acourse with a take-home range of cases, legislation, and administrative proceedings relating to sex discrimination. Under the direction of a faculty member, stu- examination may be dropped until the day on which the dents work on litigation in areas such as employment discrim-ina- take-home examination first becomes available. In a course tion, reproductive freedom, violence against women, and domestic or seminar with a small enrollment where student participa- relations; they also draft and comment on legislation tion is relied upon, the instruc t o r ’s permission is req u i re d at the state and federal levels. and the course must be dropped by the last official meeting Students working individually or in teams confer on an ongoing of the course or seminar. With the instruc t o r ’s permission, basis with the attorney-instructor concerning their projects. There a clinic may be dropped up until the final official meeting is a weekly seminar that addresses theoretical problems in the with the class, and Independent Research may be drop p e d developing law of women’s rights, litigation skills, and special up until the last day of classes for the term. Astudent may problems in legislative and administrative remedies. Arecurring theme is whether women in all these various capacities, including not drop a req u i r ed course. client and litigator, have special traits and problems that justify or After ten class days, the transcripts of students who require special treatment. withdraw from a course reflect the grade of W. Add/drop forms are available in the academic services office, Room WOMEN’S RIGHTS LITIGATION CLINIC SECTION 2—WOMEN AND 82 3 . There is a $5 charge for each course added or dropped AIDS CLINIC (6) after the first ten days of classes. While there are no prerequisites for this course, space is limited to eight students. Pr ovides legal assistance to women with AIDS and their children , including problems relating to guardianship, benefits, and discrimi- Credit Load nation. Open to second- and third-year students. The minimum credit load for a full-time student is 12 cred- its. Astudent declaring full-time status must sign an affi r - mation each term stating that he or she will not engage in outside employment of more than twenty hours during any week classes or examinations are conducted. A pa r t - t i m e student must register for a minimum of 8 cred i t s . Residency credit is not earned from a course load of 7 or fewer credits in one term.

67 GRADES AND RECORDS

Students enrolled in the School of Law–Newark have the option of choosing between a letter-grade system and a Pass, D, F system. The letter grades are: A+, A, A–, B+, B, B–, C+, C, C–, D, and F. The following numerical equivalents are used only for internal purposes such as determining honors and grade- based prize winners at the law school: Numerical Grade Equivalent A+ 4.33 A 4.00 A– 3.67 B+ 3.33 B 3.00 B– 2.67 C+ 2.33 C 2.00 C– 1.67 D 1.00 F 0.00

Other Grade Symbols

The maximum course load for which a full-time student I— I n c o m p l e t e . Used when the student is absent from may enroll is 16 credits per term. Permission to enroll in the final examination with permission of the associate more than 16 credits may be sought from the associate dean dean for academic affairs and when, with permission of for academic affairs. A part-time student may not register the instruc t o r , the student has not completed the req u i re d for more than 11 credits in any term, except with the course work by the end of the term. permission of the associate dean for academic affairs. N—Not Taken for Credit. TT—Temporary Grade. A temporary grade given upon Interdisciplinary Courses completion of the first term of a two-term course, e.g., Law school students may take up to 6 credits of graduate- Legal Research and Writing I and II. level courses at other Rutgers divisions, for credit toward W—Withdrawn without Evaluation. Used when a student the J.D. degree. Generally 12 credits of interdisciplinary has withdrawn with permission of the proper authority. work may be approved for students enrolled in joint- degree programs at the doctoral level, and 9 credits may be Pass, D, F Grading Option approved for students in dual-degree programs at the master’s level. Interdisciplinary courses intended to meet A letter grade for every student will be entered by the the J.D. academic and residence requirements must be faculty member. Subject to the limitations described below, ap p r oved in advance of registration by the associate dean a student may choose to be graded on a Pass, D, F system for academic affairs. Permission is based on the following whereby a grade of A, B, or C (including pluses and criteria: 1) the course must be reasonably related to the law; minuses) is entered on the student’s transcript as a Pass. A and 2) the course may not duplicate a course offered in the grade of D or F is in all cases recorded as such. The Pass, D, law school curriculum, or be one that the student has taken F option is available each term and must be exercised sepa- prior to entering law school. rately for each course for which the student does not wish Students working simultaneously for two degrees must to have a letter grade entered. The limitations on the Pass, ensure that they are carrying sufficient credits for J.D. resi- D, F system are as follows: 1) required courses and clinics dence purposes. may not be taken on a Pass, D, F system; 2) a student may Students may not take courses at another school, even opt for Pass, D, F only once each term; and 3) no more than a course not for credit toward the J.D., without prior 12 credits in which the student opted for a Pass, D, F desig- approval of the associate dean for academic affairs. The nation (not including credits for which grading on that course is subject to the school’s maximum credit load. basis is mandatory, such as journal participation credits) can be applied to the degree. To be eligible to graduate with Enrollment in Courses at Other Law Schools honors, a student must have 68 academic credits of letter grades. Therefore, graduating students who have elected Students may enroll in courses at other ABA-accredited law the Pass, D, F option for courses totaling 16 or more credits schools for credit toward their Rutgers–Newark J.D. degree ordinarily are not eligible to graduate with honors. with the prior approval of the associate dean for academic The following enterprises are graded only on a Pa s s / F affairs. ba s i s : International and Interscholastic Moot Court; Intramural Mock Trial and Moot Court Boards and Competitions; Judicial Externship; Negotiations and Client Counseling Competitions; New Jersey Attorney General Externship; Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal;

68 Rutgers Race and the Law Reveiw; Rutgers Law Record; A separate diploma application is required for each Rutgers Law Review; Women’s Rights Law Reporter; an d degree being earned. Thus, a law student working for an Teaching As s i s t a n t . M.B.A. or an M.C.R.P. also must file a diploma application with the Graduate School of Management or the Edward J. Transcripts Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, res p e c t i v e l y . Requests for official transcripts of a student’s academic record should be made in writing to the campus registrar’s office at Blumenthal Hall. There is no longer a fee for ATTENDANCE such transcripts. Prompt and regular class attendance, with preparation ad e - Holds quate for full class participation, is expected of all students. Afaculty member is permitted to count cl a s s r oom perfor- The privileges of registration, advance registration, rec e i p t mance, both good and bad, in grading, provided the stu- of a diploma at commencement, and receipt of transcripts dents are informed of that information at the beginning of of rec o r d are barred to students having outstanding the term. Furthermore, an instructor may req u i r e a student obligations to the university. Obligations may take the to drop the class for poor attendance. A student who is not form of unpaid monies, unreturned or damaged books and present for 80 percent of class meetings will not be per- equipment, parking fines, other charges for which a mitted to sit for the final examination. student may become legally indebted to the university, and failure to comply with disciplinary sanctions or Absence Due to Religious Observance administrative actions. University departments and offices may place “holds” It is the policy of the university to excuse without penalty on registration, diplomas, and transcripts for any students students who are absent because of religious observances having an outstanding obligation. and to allow the makeup of work missed because of such absence. Examinations and special req u i r ed out-of-class activities ordinarily shall not be scheduled on those days when these students refrain from participating in secular SCHOLASTIC STANDING activities. Absences for reasons of religious obligation shall not be counted for purposes of reporting. A student absent The rules of the School of Law–Newark governing scholastic from class because of required religious observance will be standing—including statements on academic probation given an opportunity to make up the examination without and dismissal—may be found in the Student Handbook, penalty. which is provided to each student at the beginning of the academic year. Cancellation of Classes It is the general policy of the university not to cancel GRADUATION classes because of inclement weather. However, because of the occasional hazards of night driving in winter, Degrees are conferred by the university on the recommen- exceptions may be made for evening classes and, under dation of the faculty of the School of Law–Newark. Degrees exceptionally hazardous conditions, exceptions may be are conferred and diplomas issued at the annual co m - made for daytime classes. mencement each May or June. Astudent who completes During severe weather conditions, announcements degree requirements at another time during the academic concerning the cancellation of classes are made over year may request an interim certificate for use in lieu of the the following radio stations: WRNJ (1510 AM), WCTC diploma until the commencement exercises. Requests for (1450 AM), WCBS (880 AM), WINS (1010 AM), WKXW interim certificates should be made to the registrar’s office. (101.5 FM), RUINFO (530 AM), and NEWS12 (cable). It is the responsibility of each student to make certain that Arrangements for makeup work are announced by all the graduation requirements of the law school have been individual instructors. fully met before the graduation date. In addition, class cancellation and office closing Any candidate who is absent from the commencement information is available on the rec o r ded message system ex e r cises is asked to notify the campus reg i s t r a r , in writing, at 732/932-7799 for the New Brunswick campuses, 973/353- of the address to which the diploma should be mailed in 1766 for the Newark campus, or at ur. r u t g e r s . e d u / n e w s / w e a t h - June or July. Graduating students are urged to clear up all er / w e a t h e r. h t m l . outstanding debts prior to graduation so that issuance of the diploma and certification to the bar examiners are not delayed. POLICY ON ACADEMIC INTEGRITY SUMMARY Graduate Diploma Application A form, obtainable in the academic services office, must “Academic freedom is a fundamental right in any institution be completed and submitted by each candidate as follows: of higher learning. Honesty and integrity are necessary pre- conditions to this freedom. Academic integrity req u i r es that For diploma dated Submit form by all academic work be wholly the product of an identified October September 15 individual or individuals. Joint efforts are legitimate only January December 1 when the assistance of others is explicitly acknowledged. May/June March 1 Ethical conduct is the obligation of every member of the

69 university community, and breaches of academic integrity Level Four Violations constitute serious offenses” (Academic Integrity Policy, p. 1). Level four violations are the most serious breaches of aca- The principles of academic integrity entail simple stan- demic integrity. They include repeat offenses of level three dards of honesty and truth. Each member of the university violations. has a responsibility to uphold the standards of the commu- nity and to take action when others violate them. Examples: Forgery of grade change forms; theft of examina- Faculty members have an obligation to educate students tions; having a substitute take an examination; dishonesty to the standards of academic integrity and to report viola- relating to senior thesis, master’s thesis, or doctoral disser- tions of these standards to the appropriate deans. tation; sabotaging another’s work; the violation of the Students are responsible for knowing what the standards ethical code of a profession; or all infractions committed are and for adhering to them. Students also should bring after return from suspension for a previous violation. any violations of which they are aware to the attention of Recommended Sanctions: Expulsion from the university and their instructors. a permanent notation on the student’s transcript. Violations of Academic Integrity Faculty members who believe that violations have occurred should immediately contact the Office of the Dean. Any involvement with cheating, the fabrication or inven- Students who suspect that other students are involved in tion of information used in an academic exercise, plagia- actions of academic dishonesty should speak to the instruc- rism, facilitating academic dishonesty, or denying others tor of the course. Questions on reporting procedures may access to information or material may result in disciplinary be directed to the Office of the Dean. action being taken at either the college or university level. Bre a c h e s of academic integrity can result in serious con- sequences ranging from reprimand to expulsion. Violations of academic integrity are classified into four UNIVERSITY CODE OF STUDENT categories based on the level of seriousness of the behaviors. CONDUCT SUMMARY Brief descriptions are provided below. This is a general description and is not to be considered as all-inclusive. A university in a free society must be devoted to the pursuit of truth and knowledge through reason and open communica - Level One Violations tion among its members. Its rules should be conceived for the These violations may occur because of ignorance or inexpe- purpose of furthering and protecting the rights of all mem - rience on the part of the person(s) committing the violation bers of the university community in achieving these ends. and ordinarily involve a very minor portion of the course work. These violations are considered on academic merit and not All members of the Rutgers University community are as disciplinary offenses. expected to behave in an ethical and moral fashion, res p e c t i n g the human dignity of all members of the community and Examples: Improper footnoting or unauthorized assistance resisting behavior that may cause danger or harm to others on academic work. th r ough violence, theft, or bigotry. All members of the Recommended Sanctions: Makeup assignment. Rutgers University community are expected to adhere to the civil and criminal laws of the local community, state, and Level Two Violations nation, and to regulations promulgated by the university. All Level two violations involve incidents of a more serious members of the Rutgers University community are expected nature and affect a more significant aspect or portion of to observe established standards of scholarship and academic the course. fr eedom by respecting the intellectual property of others and by honoring the right of all students to pursue their education Examples: Quoting directly or paraphrasing without proper in an environment free from harassment and intimidation. acknowledgment on a moderate portion of the assignment; failure to acknowledge all sources of information and con- Pre a m b l e tributors who helped with an assignment. University Code of Student Conduct Recommended Sanctions: Probation, a failing grade on the Overview assignment, or a failing grade in the course. Communities establish standards in order to ensure that Level Three Violations they are able to fulfill their mission and keep their members fr om harm. The University Code of Student Conduct Level three offenses involve dishonesty on a significant (referred to as “the code” in the remainder of this sum- portion of course work, such as a major paper, an hourly, mary) defines those kinds of behavior that violate the or a final examination. Violations that are premeditated standards of the Rutgers University community and also or involve repeat offenses of level one or level two are pr ovides the mechanism for addressing alleged violations. considered level three violations. In doing so, the code protects the rights of those accused of Examples: Copying from or giving others assistance on an offenses (referred to as “respondents” in the remainder of hourly or final examination, plagiarizing major portions of this summary) by providing due process while also prot e c t - an assignment, using forbidden material on an hourly or ing victims of those offenses and the university community final examination, using a purchased term paper, present- as a whole. ing the work of another as one’s own, altering a graded examination for the purposes of regrading. Process Recommended Sanctions: Suspension from the university for The following summary presents key aspects of the code. one or more terms, with a notation of “academic disciplinary Students should consult the code itself for complete infor- suspension” placed on a student’s transcript for the period mation on each point. of suspension, and a failing grade in the course.

70 Filing a Complaint 13. the violation of the ethical code of one’s intended pro- Any individual may file a complaint against a student fession either by graduate students enrolled in any of suspected of violating the code by notifying the dean of the university’s professional or graduate schools or by students (or equivalent) of the respondent’s college or undergraduate students in clinical courses or settings school, or the di r ector of judicial affairs in the Division of related to their intended profession Student Aff a i r s . 14. violations of federal, state, or local law where such violations have an adverse effect on the educational mis- Preliminary Review sion of the university Upon receipt of a complaint, a preliminary review is con- 15. failure to comply with the lawful directions of univer- ducted by the dean of students (or equivalent) or his or sity officials, including campus police officers acting in her designee to assess the evidence and determine if it is performance of their duties sufficient to proc e e d to a hearing. The dean conducting this 16. knowingly providing false testimony or evidence; review also assesses the seriousness of the charges. The disruption or interference with the orderly conduct of most serious charges can, upon a finding of responsibility, a disciplinary conference or hearing; violating the terms result in separation from the university (suspension or of any disciplinary sanction imposed in accordance with expulsion). These serious cases are decided at university this code, or any other abuse of the university’s discipli- hearings. Less serious offenses (nonseparable offenses) are nary procedures. heard according to procedures in place at the student’s Campus Advisers college or school. Both complainants and respondents may select a campus Separable Offenses adviser to assist them during the disciplinary process. The following offenses are deemed serious enough to Campus advisers may fully represent students, including result potentially in separation from the university should speaking on their behalf. The Office of the Vice President for a student be found responsible at a hearing: Student Affairs maintains a list of trained campus advisers for this purpose. Students are free to select any members 1. violations of academic integrity of the university community to serve as their advisers, 2. forgery, unauthorized alteration or unauthorized use of whether they are on the list or not. any university documents or records or any instrument or form of identification Attorneys 3. intentionally furnishing false information to the univer- Complainants and respondents also may, at their own sity or intentionally initiating or causing to be initiated expense, seek the advice of an attorney in addition to that any false report, warning, or threat of fire, explosion, or of a campus adviser. Attorneys are free to advise students, other emergency to assist in the preparation of their cases, and to attend hear- 4. use of force against any person or property or the ings, but may not speak on behalf of their clients or ques- threat of such force tion witnesses at a hearing. 5. sexual assault or nonconsensual sexual contact 6. hazing University Hearings 7. violation of the university’s Student Life Policy against University hearings are presided over by a hearing officer Verbal Assault, Defamation, and Harassment (Copies and heard by a hearing board usually composed of three are available from the judicial affairs office or dean students and two faculty members. It is the hearing board’s of students’ office.) responsibility to determine whether the accused student 8. unauthorized entry into, unauthorized use of, or mis- is responsible or not responsible for violating the code. If use of university property, including computers and the hearing board determines a student to be responsible data and voice communication networks by the standard of clear and convincing evidence, it also 9. intentionally or recklessly endangering the welfare of recommends a sanction for the offense to the vice president an y individual or intentionally or recklessly interfering for student affairs. The vice president for student affairs with any university activity or university sponsored considers the hearing board recommendation and deter- activity mines the sanction. 10. use, possession, or storage of any weapon, dangerous Appeals chemical, fireworks, or explosive, whether or not a fed- eral or state license to possess the same has been issued A student found responsible for violating the code may to the possessor appeal the finding, the sanction, or both. Appeals are filed 11. the distribution of alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous through the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs, drugs on university property or among members of which forwards them to the Appeals Committee of the the university community, if such distribution is illegal, appropriate campus (Camden, Newark, New Brunswick). or the possession of a sufficiently large quantity as to indicate an intention to distribute illegally Authority for Student Discipline 12. theft of university services or theft of, or intentional or Ultimate authority for student discipline is vested with the reckless damage to, university property or property Board of Governors of Rutgers, The State University of in the possession of, or owned by, a member of the uni- New Jersey. This authority has been delegated to university versity community, including the knowing possession administrators, faculty, students, committees, and organ- of stolen property (Intentional or reckless misuse of fire izations as set forth in the University Code of Student safety equipment is regarded as damage under this Conduct. The above summary is intended to present some section of the code.) key facts of the code. Copies of the code are available from all dean of students’ offices and have been placed at the ref- erence desks of all university libraries. In addition, the

71 director of judicial affairs in the Division of Student Affairs solvers. They provide a communications link between the will provide copies of the code upon request and is avail- community and the police department, serve on campus able to answer any questions about the code or related bias committees, and perform proactive patrol. Security judicial matters. Officers patrol the campus, serving as “eyes and ears” for the police while securing facilities and providing escort services. For more information on these programs, call UNIVERSITY SAFETY AND SECURITY 973/353-5478. Emergency Services Division of Public Safety Fire safety is a major component of our total safety and Providing a safe and secure environment for all members security program. State certified fire inspectors provide fire of the university community is the highest priority of the safety awareness training sessions in the residence halls university’s public safety staff. The executive director for and conduct emergency evacuation drills to familiarize public safety is responsible for safety and security services occupants with emergency procedures. Emergency Services on the New Brunswick/Piscataway campus. On the personnel regularly inspect all university buildings and Newark and Camden campuses, the police chiefs report facilities, conduct alarm tests and fire drills, and enforce to the Office of the Provost while following policies, proce- the New Jersey Uniform Fire Code. dures, and administrative practices established by the Sexual Assault Services and Crime executive director for public safety. Victim Assistance Members of the public safety staff patrol each campus Sexual Assault Services and Crime Victim Assistance staff and respond to emergencies and requests for assistance on provide support and assistance to crime victims, survivors, a full-time basis, twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year. and other members of the university community. Advocacy, Rutgers public safety employees are only part of the uni- crisis intervention, short-term counseling, and referrals are versity-wide crime prevention team. All members of the available. Programs and services for students, faculty, and university community also are part of that team. As a team, staff promote ways of reducing the risk of being a crime it is everyone’s duty to actively maintain a safe environ- victim and the availability of resources and options should ment and be careful while complying with all local, state, a crime occur. With a special emphasis on crimes of inter- and university regulations. personal violence, educational programs on issues concern- Information outlining public safety statistics, services, ing sexual assault, domestic/dating violence, stalking, and and programs on the Rutgers–Newark campus is available peer harassment are available to the university community. online at http://nwkpolice.rutgers.edu/smatters.html. A For more information or to schedule an appointment paper copy of this information is also available from the or program, call 732/932-1181, visit the department web Office of Admissions, the School of Law–Newark. page at www.rutgers.edu/SexualAssault/, or email the staff For information regarding public safety on the Camden at [email protected]. The office is located at 3 Bartlett and New Brunswick campuses, please call the appropriate Street , College Avenue campus, New Brunswick, New Rutgers University Police Department office or view the Jersey. online version: Camden: www.camden.rutgers.edu/~rupdcamd/index.htm ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR 856/225-6009 RESPONDING TO DISRUPTIONS New Brunswick Campus: publicsafety.rutgers.edu An academic community, where people assemble to 732/932-8407 inquire, to learn, to teach, and to reason together, must be protected for those purposes. While all members of the Rutgers University Police Department—Newark community are encouraged to register their dissent from The Rutgers University Police Department (RUPD) is dedi- any decision on any issue and to demonstrate that dissent cated to providing progressive community-policing servic- by orderly means, and while the university commits es that focus on the prevention of crime through the devel- itself to a continual examination of its policies and practices opment of university-based partnerships. The RUPD pro- to ensure that causes of disruption are eliminated, the vides police, security, and safety services and is staffed by university cannot tolerate demonstrations that unduly commissioned police officers with full investigative and interfere with the freedom of other members of the aca- arrest authority, a professional security staff, dispatchers, demic community. and technical and administrative employees. With this in mind, the following administrative The University Police Department is located at 200 pro c e d u re s have been formulated to guide the implemen- University Avenue on the Newark campus. The campus is tation of university policy: patrolled on foot, in vehicles, and on bicycles. To contact the RUPD to report emergencies (police, fire, and emer- 1. The president of the university and the university vice gency medical) from university telephones, dial 80. For president for academic affairs will have the authority non-emergency telephone calls to the police, dial 973/353- throughout the university to declare a particular activity 5581. You also can contact the police by using any of the to be disruptive. In the two geographic areas of Camden blue-light emergency telephone boxes on the campus. and Newark, the respective provost will have the same Community Policing officers are assigned to groups of authority. In New Brunswick, the senior vice president buildings on the campus. These front-line police officers and treasurer will have the same authority. act as community organizers, team builders, and problem

72 2. Broadly defined, a disruption is any action that signifi- age, sexual orientation, disability, or marital or veteran cantly or substantially interferes with the rights of status is severe or persistent behavior that has the purpose members of the academic community to go about their or effect of unreasonably interfering with a person’s work normal business or that otherwise unreasonably inter- or academic performance or creating a hostile environ m e n t . rupts the activities of the university. If you think you have been harassed on the basis of 3. A statement will be read by the appropriate officers as any of the protected categories listed above, have observed specified in (1) or by such officers as they may designate harassing behavior, or need more information, you are for the purpose of such reading and will constitute the encouraged to contact Jayne M. Grandes, acting director official warning that the activity is in violation of uni- of university harassment compliance and equity, versity policy, that it must cease within a specified time Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 56 Bevier limit, and where appropriate, that no commitments Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, by telephone at 732/445-3020, made by university officials will be honored if those ext. 626, or by email at [email protected]. You may commitments are made under duress. obtain copies of the Policy Prohibiting Harassment and 4. If the activity continues beyond the specified time limit the Harassment Complaint Process on our web page at as determined by the official in authority, the authorized http://uhr.rutgers.edu/uhce. officers as specified in (1) will have the discretion to call upon the university police to contain the disruption. Ordinarily, the president of the university alone, or in POLICY AGAINST VERBAL ASSAULT, his or her absence the university vice president for aca- demic affairs, will have the authority to decide that civil DEFAMATION, AND HARASSMENT authorities beyond the campus are to be called upon to contain those disruptions that the university police are Statement of Principles unable to handle. In extraordinary circumstances, where Intolerance and bigotry are antithetical to the values of the neither the president nor the university vice president university and unacceptable within the Rutgers community. for academic affairs is available to make such a decision, One of the ways the university seeks to effect this principle the senior vice president and trea s u r er in New Brun s w i c k is through a policy of nondiscrimination, which prohibits and the provosts on the Camden and Newark campuses discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, have the same authority. age, sexual orientation, national origin, ancestry, disability, 5. The deans of students are the chief representatives of marital status, or veteran status in university programs. In the deans of the colleges in all matters of student life. order to reinforce institutional goals of nondiscrimination, Members of the university community who are aware tolerance, and civility, the following policy against verbal of potentially disruptive situations are to report this to assault, defamation, and harassment makes clear that such the deans of students on their respective campuses. In a behavior toward others violates acceptable standards of disruption, the deans of students and their staff mem- conduct within the university. (This policy is not intended bers have a twofold responsibility: to protect against to supersede the university’s policy against harassment.) personal injury and to aid in providing for the order of Verbal assault, defamation, or harassment interferes the university. In the latter case, the deans of students, with the mission of the university. Each member of this as well as other university personnel, may be called community is expected to be sufficiently tolerant of others upon to coordinate or assist members of the academic so that all students are free to pursue their goals in an open community in ending the disruption, directing it to legit- environment, able to participate in the free exchange of imate channels for solution, or identifying those who ideas, and able to share equally in the benefits of our edu- have violated the rights of others. cational opportunities. Beyond that, each member of the community is encouraged to do all that she or he can to ensure that the university is fair, humane, and responsible POLICY PROHIBITING HARASSMENT to all students. A community establishes standards in order to be able The university prohibits harassment based on race, religion, to fulfill its mission. The policy against verbal assault, color, national origin, ancestry, age, sex, sexual orientation, defamation, and harassment seeks to guarantee certain disability, marital status, or veteran status. Harassment is minimum standards. Free speech and the open discussion a form of discrimination that violates state and federal civil of ideas are an integral part of the university community rights laws. It is defined for purposes of those laws and the and are fully encouraged, but acts that restrict the rights university’s policy as any behavior that: and opportunities of others through violence, intimidation, 1. is unwelcome, the destruction of property, or verbal assault, even if com- 2. targets a person because he or she has one or more municative in nature, are not protected speech and are to be of the protected characteristics, condemned. 3. is engaged in by a person employed by or doing business with the university, and Prohibited Conduct 4. is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter negatively that Any of the following acts, even if communicative in nature, person’s or a group member’s living, educational, are prohibited “separation offenses” (charges that could or working environment. lead to suspension or expulsion from the university) under Sexual harassment can take the form of unwelcome sexual the provisions of the University Code of Student Conduct: advances; requests for sexual favors; or other unwelcome written, verbal, electronic, telephonic, or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Hostile environment harassment on the basis of sex, race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry,

73 1. Use of force against the person or property of any mem- While any of the four categories of acts listed above is ber of the university community or against the person or a separation offense that, if proven, could lead to a sanction property of anyone on university premises, or the threat of expulsion or suspension from the university under the of such physical abuse. (Verbal assault may be prosecut- provisions of the University Code of Student Conduct, ed as a “threat of . . . physical abuse.”) clearly minor instances of such prohibited behavior should 2. Theft of, or intentional damage to, university property, be resolved at the college level and not be treated as sepa- or property in the possession of, or owned by, a member ration offenses requiring a university-level hearing. The of the university. (Acts of graffiti or other vandalism may initial judgment of whether a particular act is of a separable be prosecuted as “intentional damage to . . . property.”) or nonseparable nature is made by the appropriate 3. Harassment, which is statutorily defined by New Jersey college official. law to mean, and here means, purposefully making or Students who believe themselves to be victims of verbal causing to be made a communication or communica- assault, harassment, or defamation should report such inci- tions anonymously or at extremely inconvenient hours, dents to the dean or the dean of students of their college or or in offensively coarse language, or in any other man- school. In addition, the following individuals have been ner likely to cause annoyance or alarm, or subjecting or identified to handle complaints: threatening to subject another to striking, kicking, shov- Brian T. Rose, director of compliance, student policy, and ing, or other offensive touching, or engaging in any judicial affairs, 3 Bartlett Street, College Avenue campus, other course of conduct or of repeatedly committed acts 732/932-7312; with purpose to alarm or seriously annoy any other per- Cheryl Clarke, director of diverse community affairs and son. Harassment is considered a separation offense lesbian/gay concerns, 3 Bartlett Street, College Avenue under the University Code of Student Conduct. campus, 732/932-1711; 4. Defamation, which is judicially defined to mean, and Rory P. Maradonna, associate provost for student life, here means, the unprivileged oral or written publication Armitage Hall, Room 248, Camden campus, 856/225-6050; of a false statement of fact that exposes the person about Marcia Brown, associate provost for student affa i r s , whom it is made to hatred, contempt, or ridicule, or sub- Center for Law and Justice, Newark campus, 973/353-5541. jects that person to loss of the goodwill and confidence of others, or so harms that person’s reputation as to deter Some complaints can and should be resolved by informal others from associating with her or him. Defamation methods, while others will require the implementation is co n s i d e r ed a separation offense under the University of formal procedures. All complaints are treated confiden- Code of Student Conduct. tially; complainants are encouraged to report incidents even if they do not wish to pursue the matter beyond the reporting stage.

74 NONDISCRIMINATION POLICY Students wishing to exercise their rights to inspect and review their education records should submit a written It is the policy of Rutgers, The State University of New request to the appropriate official at the Rutgers office Jersey, to make the benefits and services of its educational which is custodian of the records they wish to review. programs available to students, and to provide equal Students requesting amendment of education records employment opportunity to all employees and applicants should first review the policies and procedures of their col- for employment, regardless of race, religion, color, national lege or school and/or consult with their dean of students, origin, ancestry, age, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or equivalent official. FERPA permits disclosure of person- marital status, or veteran status. (Douglass College, as a ally identifiable information in a student’s education traditionally and continuously single-sex institution, may, records to Rutgers officials with legitimate educational under federal law, continue to restrict college admission interest in the records without student consent. FERPA also to women.) Questions concerning student rights violations allows the university to release student “directory informa- should be addressed to Brian T. Rose, Director of Com- tion” without a student’s consent, unless the student has pliance, Student Policy, and Judicial Affairs (732/932-7312). requested such information be kept confidential. Directory Questions concerning harassment or employment dis- information includes the student’s name, address, phone, crimination should be directed to Jayne M. Grandes, school of attendance and several other fields of informa- Director, University Harassment Compliance and Equity tion. For information on how to keep your directory infor- (732/445-3020, ext. 626). mation confidential, visit the Rutgers Online Directory by using the “Find People” link on the Rutgers Home Page (http://www.rutgers.edu) or contact the Office of the Registrar EQUITY IN ATHLETICS DISCLOSURE on your campus. Rutgers uses a student’s social security number as an identification number. While the number is ACT REPORTS not released as directory information and its confidentiality is protected in the same manner as are other educational In compliance with the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Ac t , records, Rutgers offers students the opportunity to acquire Rutgers provides information on men’s and women’s ath- a substitute number. Students wishing to have a substitute letic programs (a t h l e t i c s . r u t g e r s . e d u / ) , including the number number assigned must go to the Registrar’s Office with two of participants by gender for each varsity team, operating forms of identification and complete the appropriate forms. expenses, rec r uiting expenditures, athletically related stu- Rutgers publishes two official notices concerning FERPA dent aid, and revenues. The first report was issued in at least twice per academic year. The official notices are October 1996 with annual updates therea f t e r . The rep o r t s archived on the Office of Compliance, Student Policy, ar e available at the ref e r ence desks of the main branches of and Judicial Affairs website at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/ the university library system (Alexander Library, Library of ~polcomp. The notices provide full information on Rutgers’ Science and Medicine, Robeson Library, and Dana Library), compliance with FERPA including the current definition and at the intercollegiate athletics offi c e s . of “Directory Information.” Students with questions about FERPA or the privacy of their records should consult these notices and/or contact the Office of Compliance, STUDENT RECORDS AND Student Policy, and Judicial Affairs at 3 Bartlett Street, New PRIVACY RIGHTS Brunswick, NJ 08901; 732/932-7312 or [email protected].

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, complies with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (“FERPA”). STUDENT RESIDENCY FOR FERPA affords students certain rights with respect to their TUITION PURPOSES “education records” as that term is defined in the law. These rights include the following: A determination of residency status for the purpose of 1. The student has the right to inspect and review his/her tuition assessment is made by the university based on education records within 45 days of the date Rutgers information provided by the applicant in accordance with receives a proper request for access to such records. the pro c e d u r e outlined in the policy. Acopy of the policy 2. The student has the right to request amendment of edu- may be secured from the registrar’s office or the admissions cation records that the student believes are inaccurate office. or misleading. 3. Rutgers shall obtain the prior consent of the student Procedure before disclosing personally identifiable information contained in the student’s education records, except to The Initial Determination the extent FERPA authorizes disclosure without consent. At the time an individual initially applies for admission into 4. The student may direct complaints concerning the any graduate or undergraduate college or division of the alleged failure of Rutgers to comply with the require- un i v e r s i t y , the respective admissions office determines an ments of FERPA to the Office of Compliance, Student admitted applicant’s resident status for tuition assessment. Policy, and Judicial Affairs, 3 Bartlett Street, New The determination made at this time shall prevail for each Brunswick, NJ 08901; 732/932-7312, ext. 11, or to the term unless a change is authorized as provided herei n a f t e r . U.S. Department of Education, c/o Family Policy Compliance Office, U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20202-4605.

75 After the Initial Determination RESEARCH POLICY AND The status of residency for tuition purposes of students RESEARCH CENTERS continuing in a college or division of the university is deter- mined by the registrar of the respective college or division. Research at the university, apart from that conducted by The determination made by the registrar either conforms to students in connection with their academic course work, the initial determination of the admissions office or reflects is in general intended to lead to publication in some form a change as provided hereinafter. so that its results are available to interested persons every- Request for a Change of Status where. All university-conducted research must be available for public scrutiny and use. The university does not accept Requests for a change in residency status are accepted no grants from or enter into contracts with governmental later than the last week of the term for which changed sta- agencies or any other sponsors for research projects of tus is sought. All supporting affidavits, deemed appropri- which the results may not be made publicly accessible. ate by the adjudicating official pursuant to New Jersey Most research projects at the university are carried on by Administrative Code, Volume 9, Section 5 et seq., must be faculty members and students within the facilities offered filed by the petitioner in accordance with the time limit by their own departments. For on-campus research that specified in the preceding sentence. In no case may cannot be conducted in department facilities, laboratories, supporting affidavits be filed later than four weeks from or the library, the university has provided a number of the conclusion of the term for which the residency assess- cooperative research centers and bureaus. A list of the uni- ment is requested. Failure to comply with this provision, versity’s research centers may be found in the Divisions of unless judged otherwise by the adjudicating official, voids the University chapter. the petition for the term in question. If, based on the infor- Many members of these organizations are active in mation submitted in the request, the student qualifies for graduate instruction. Information about their programs resident tuition assessment, such change relates only to the and activities may be found in Research at Rutgers, a hand- current and subsequent terms. No adjustments in tuition book and bibliography published by the Research Council, assessments are made and no refund vouchers are the university agency that sponsors and coordinates processed for any prior term. faculty research. Appeals Appeals from the initial determination and any determi- nation made after a request by a student for a change in PATENT POLICY residency status are accepted no later than three months after the date of notification of any such determination. All students are governed by the university’s patent policy, Unresolved appeals are forwarded to either the university which is described in a statement available in the Office of director of graduate admissions or the university registrar. Research and Sponsored Programs and the offices of all These officers respond to the student within thirty working deans and department chairpersons. days of the receipt of the appeal in the appropriate off i c e . Appeals from this determination should be submitted to the vice president for university budgeting by the student with- in two weeks after the director of admissions or the un i v e r - POLICY REGARDING SOLICITATIONS sity registrar has issued a determination. The decision of the The university does not permit personal or mail solicita- vice president for university budgeting is final. tions or requests for contributions for charitable or other Students’Responsibilities purposes, including the sale of chances, lottery tickets, and Students are responsible for providing relevant information raffle tickets or the sale of magazines, Christmas cards, and upon which a residency determination can be made. The similar items. Exceptions are made for the United Fund burden of proving his or her residency status lies solely Drive and the Annual Hospitals Appeal. upon the student. Moreover, it is considered the obligation The issuance or distribution of products or samples of the student to seek advice when in doubt regarding eligi- of products or leaflets or other printed materials and the bility for in-state tuition assessment. If the student neglects posting of signs or advertisements in any building of to question his or her eligibility status beyond the period the university requires the approval and permission of specified above, that student forfeits his or her right to a the vice president and treasurer or of the appropriate residency assessment to which he or she might have been business manager. deemed to be eligible had he or she filed an appeal at the appropriate time. Penalties If a student has obtained or seeks to obtain resident classification by deliberate concealment of facts or misrep- resentation of facts or if he or she fails to come forward with notification upon becoming a nonresident, he or she is subject to disciplinary action.

76 Kenneth M. Schmidt, New York, NY Walter L. Leib (emeritus), Scotch Plains Dorothy M. Stanaitis, Gloucester City Richard A. Levao (emeritus), Frenchtown Governance Robert L. Stevenson, North Brunswick Norman Reitman (emeritus), Abram J. Suydam, Somerset Highland Park Anne M. Thomas, Flemington George T. Reynolds (emeritus), Princeton Karen M. Torian, Plainfield Alvin J. Rockoff (emeritus), of the University P. Roy Vagelos, Far Hills North Brunswick Addie S. Wright, New Brunswick Marijane Singer (emerita), Guy N. Zazzara, Summit Woodcliff Lake Jason Redd, student representative Edward J. Slotkin (emeritus), Ritu Pancholy, student representative Bloomfield Hills, MI Kathleen M. Scott, faculty representative Arthur L. Taub (emeritus), Mark C. Vodak, faculty rep re s e n t a t i v e East Brunswick State of New Jersey Felix M. Beck (emeritus), Livingston Michael R. Tuosto (emeritus), James E. McGreevey, Governor of the State Floyd H. Bragg (emeritus), North Brunswick North Brunswick Mary Vivian Fu Wells (emerita), Matawan John Herbert Carmen (emeritus), Secretary: Rutgers Board of Governors 2002–2003 Somesville, ME Peter Cartmell (emeritus), Rumson Mildred R. Schildkamp, Kevin J. Collins (emeritus), Saddle River Monroe Township Chair: P. Roy Vagelos Carleton C. Dilatush (emeritus), Assistant Secretary: Point Pleasant Gene O’Hara Paul Panayotatos, Enrica Gioè Chrétien, Mountainside faculty representative Evelyn S. Field (emerita), Bridgewater Vice Chair: Arlene S. Walker-Andrews, Carlton A. Holstrom (emeritus), Treasurer: Pipersville, PA Albert R. Gamper, Jr. faculty representative JoAnne G. Jackson, Piscataway Kim Marie Wozniak, Paul B. Jennings (emeritus), Members: student representative Piscataway Joan L. Bildner Charles A. Jurgensen (emeritus), Secretary: Frederick D. DeSanti Newville, PA Ronald W. Giaconia Mildred R. Schildkamp David Jefferson Harris, Jr. Assistant Secretary: Duncan L. MacMillan Enrica Gioè Chrétien Administrative Officers Richard L. McCormick, ex officio Universitywide Dean J. Paranicas Treasurer:

Richard L. McCormick, Ph.D., President Thomas A. Renyi JoAnne G. Jackson Anne M. Thomas Norman Samuels, Ph.D., Executive Vice President

Raphael J. Caprio, Ph.D., Vice President for Continuous Education and Outreach

Michael W. Carroll, M.A., President of the Rutgers University Foundation and Vice President Rutgers Board of Trustees 2002–2003 for Development and Alumni Relations Emmet A. Dennis, Ph.D., Vice President for Student Affairs and Chair: Ronald W. Giaconia, Little Falls Dean, University College–New Brunswick Leslie E. Goodman, Lawrenceville Lucia DiNapoli Gibbons, Sparta James L. Flanagan, Sc.D., Vice President for Research Rochelle Gizinski, Brick Susan G. Forman, Ph.D., Vice President for Undergraduate Education Vice Chairs: David Jefferson Harris, Jr., Marianne I. Gaunt, M.L.S., University Librarian Robert A. Laudicina, Hackensack New Brunswick JoAnne G. Jackson, M.B.A., Senior Vice President and Treasurer Patricia Nachtigal, Upper Montclair Gerald C. Harvey, Summit Mildred R. Schildkamp, B.S., Secretary of the University and John A. Hendricks, Whippany Assistant to the President Members: Robert A. Hering, Watchung David R. Scott, J.D., University Counsel Beverly W. Aisenbrey, Mark P. Hershhorn, Joseph J. Seneca, Ph.D., University Vice President for Academic Affairs Croton-on-Hudson, NY Upper Providence, PA Paul A. Snyder, Ph.D., Vice President for Institutional Research Jeffrey Barist, Short Hills Garry Katz, Cliffwood Beach and Planning Michael T. Beachem, Old Bridge Kevin E. Kennedy, Red Bank Nancy S. Winterbauer, Ed.D., Vice President for University Budgeting Joan L. Bildner, Short Hills Robert K. Koehler, Convent Station Michael A. Bogdonoff, Henry A. Lubinski, Fanwood Camden Cherry Hill, NJ Michael C. MacDonald, Pittsford, NY Roger J. Dennis, J.D., Provost Liam P. Brohan, Easton, PA Kimberly Banks MacKay, South Orange Felix James, J.D., Associate Provost for Community Outreach Judith T. Caruso, Gillette Iris Martinez-Campbell, Somerset Rory P. Maradonna, M.B.A., Associate Provost for Student Life C.K. Chu, Westport, CT Richard L. McCormick, ex officio Mark Rozewski, M.C.R.P., Associate Provost for Administration and Finance Mary J. Chyb, North Brunswick Vaughn L. McKoy, New Brunswick Clinton C. Crocker, Tinton Falls Carol A. Monroe, Verona Newark Thomas G. Dallessio, Hopewell Ernest C. Mueller, North Caldwell Steven J. Diner, Ph.D., Provost and Dean, Graduate School–Newark Anthony J. DePetris, Camden Gene O’Hara, Rumson Marcia W. Brown, J.D., Associate Provost for Student Affairs and Frederick D. DeSanti, Brookside Eileen L. Poiani, Nutley Community Outreach Louis T. DiFazio, Mantoloking Richard J. Rawson, Neshanic Station Harvey H. Feder, Ph.D., Associate Provost for Academic Programs Milita B. Dolan, Pembroke Pines, FL Lillian Ringel, Maplewood Carol L. Martancik, M.P.A., Associate Provost for Administrative Services Michael R. Dressler, Cresskill Dudley H. Rivers, Jr., West Windsor dt ogilvie, Ph.D., Associate Provost for Information Technology Robert P. Eichert, Edison Michael T. Salpas, Annandale Gary Roth, Ph.D., Associate Provost for Graduate Student and Bruce G. Freeman, Princeton Hector L. Sambolin, Jr., Woodbridge Enrollment Management Albert R. Gamper, Jr., Far Hills Philip S. Schein, Bryn Mawr, PA Raymond T. Smith, Ed.D., Associate Provost for Student Affairs Gene A. Vincenti, M.B.A., Associate Provost for Budget and Campus Development

77 School of Law–Camden Divisions of Rayman L. Solomon, J.D., Ph.D., Dean Founded in 1926, the School of Law–Camden joined the the University university in 1950 as the South Jersey division of the School of Law–Newark. It became an independent unit of the university in 1967. The law school offers a curricu- lum leading to the degree of Juris Doctor, including advanced study in special areas.

ACADEMIC DIVISIONS Summer Session–Camden Thomas Venables, Ed.D. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, provides The Summer Session, begun in 1913 and established as educational and research services throughout the stateon a division of the university in 1960, offers a wide variety of campuses located in Camden, Newark, and New Bruns- graduate and undergraduate courses during three sessions wick. The principal university center is located in Ne w in the summer months. Br unswick, where Rutgers originated two centuries ago. Newark Camden Newark offers programs at three undergraduate colleges Camden offers programs at three undergraduate colleges and at four graduate schools. With an enrollment of approx i- and at five graduate schools. With an enrollment of 5,000 mately 10,000 students, it offers strong academic programs, students, it offers exceptional educational opportunities excellent facilities, and an outstanding faculty. in addition to providing the advantages and resources asso- ciated with a major state university. Faculty of Arts and Sciences–Newark Edward G. Kirby, Ph.D., Acting Dean Faculty of Arts and Sciences–Camden Margaret Marsh, Ph.D., Dean The Faculty of Arts and Sciences–Newark was established in 1985 to expand and strengthen the instructional program Established in 1983 as a result of academic reorganization for undergraduate students at the Newark campus. The of the Camden campus, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences– combined faculties of Newark College of Arts and Sciences Camden offers academic programs for undergraduate and and University College–Newark offer courses and academic graduate work in twenty-three arts and sciences disciplines programs in more than sixty subject areas. and in a variety of interdisciplinary areas. Newark College of Arts and Sciences School of Business–Camden Edward G. Kirby, Ph.D., Acting Dean Milton Leontiades, Ph.D., Dean Founded in 1930 as Dana College, this undergraduate, Established in 1988, the School of Business–Camden sets coeducational, liberal arts college became part of Rutgers major requirements and teaches all courses leading to the when the University of Newark was integrated into the Bachelor of Science degree in the professional areas of state university in 1946. accounting and management. The School of Business also sets the major requirements and teaches all courses leading College of Nursing to a Master of Business Administration degree. Felissa R. Lashley, Ph.D., Dean Camden College of Arts and Sciences The College of Nursing was established in 1956 as an Margaret Marsh, Ph.D., Dean expansion of the university’s offerings in the former School of Nursing of the Newark College of Arts and A coeducational, liberal arts college, CCAS is the successor Sciences. Its graduate program is conducted through the institution to the College of South Jersey, which was estab- Graduate School–Newark. lished in 1927 and became part of the state university in 1950. University College–Newark Edward G. Kirby, Ph.D., Acting Dean University College–Camden Margaret Marsh, Ph.D., Dean University College–Newark is an evening and weekend college of liberal arts and professional studies serving part- University College–Camden is an evening college of liberal time students since 1934. Within the context of the liberal arts and professional studies serving part-time students arts tradition, University College students are offered a since 1950. full range of courses and curricula, including programs in business and preparation for the professions leading to the Graduate School–Camden degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. Margaret Marsh, Ph.D., Dean Graduate programs in the liberal arts were started in Camden in 1971 under the jurisdiction of the Graduate School–New Brunswick. The Graduate School–Camden was established as an autonomous unit in 1981.

78 Rutgers Business School–Newark and New Brunswick New Brunswick Howard Tuckman, Ph.D., Dean The New Brunswick campus is the largest and most diversi- Established in 1993 as the Faculty of Management, Rutgers fied of the university’s three campuses, with 16 academic Business School offers undergraduate and graduate units, 1,800 faculty, and 33,000 students enrolled in under- programs on or through the university’s Newark and graduate and graduate prog r a m s . New Brunswick campuses. Rutgers Business School: Undergraduate–Newark is a four-year undergraduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences–New Brunswick school. It offers the bachelor of science degree jointly with Holly M. Smith, Ph.D., Executive Dean either the Newark College of Arts and Sciences or Univer- Established in 1981 as a result of academic reorganization sity College–Newark. Degree programs are available in of the New Brunswick campus, the Faculty of Arts and accounting, finance, management, and marketing. Rutgers Sciences–New Brunswick teaches all arts and science cours- Business School: Undergraduate–New Brunswick is a two- es for undergraduate and graduate students in degree- year, upper-division school offering programs in account- granting units and sets the major requirements for all ing, finance, management, management science and infor- arts and science majors. Organized into disciplines and mation systems, and marketing. The school admits students departments, it offers forty-four undergraduate major pro- from Douglass, Livingston, Rutgers, and University col- grams and twenty-nine graduate programs, which are leges in their junior year. The bachelor of science degree is administered by the Graduate School–New Brunswick. awarded jointly by the business school and the undergrad- uate college the student attended. Rutgers Business School: Douglass College Graduate Programs–Newark and New Brunswick date Carmen Twillie Ambar, J.D., Dean from the Seth Boyden School of Business, which was founded in 1929 and incorporated into Rutgers in 1946. Founded in 1918 as the New Jersey College for Women, The school offers the master of business administration, an Douglass is the largest women’s college in the nation. M.B.A. degree in professional accounting, a master of While maintaining rigorous standards of instruction in accountancy in taxation, a master of accountancy in gov- the fundamental disciplines of the liberal arts, Douglass ernmental accounting, a master of accountancy in financial supports and develops programs that link major courses of accounting, a master of quantitative finance, and a variety study to future careers. The college also implements special of dual degrees. The Ph.D. degree in management is offered programs as well as independent activities designed to help jointly by the Graduate School–Newark and the New Jersey women students develop the qualities required for achieve- Institute of Technology. ment in any field of endeavor.

Graduate School–Newark Livingston College Steven J. Diner, Ph.D., Dean Arnold Hyndman, Ph.D., Dean The Graduate School–Newark was established as a separate Livingston College opened in 1969 as a coeducational insti- instructional division of the university with degree-granti- tution dedicated to serving a diverse student body reflect- ng authority in 1976. ing the racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition of today’s society. As a college of the liberal arts and profes- School of Criminal Justice sions, Livingston is committed to a multidisciplinary pro- Leslie W. Kennedy, Ph.D., Dean gram that brings together a diverse group of students, fac- ulty, and staff in a cosmopolitan community dedicated The School of Criminal Justice, which opened in 1974, to learning. offers a graduate program that provides students with a sound foundation for work in teaching, research, or crimi- Rutgers College nal justice management. The Master of Arts degree is Carl Kirschner, Ph.D., Dean offered through the school, and the Ph.D. degree is offered in conjunction with the Graduate School–Newark. Rutgers College was chartered in 1766 and is the original nucleus around which the university developed. Formerly School of Law–Newark an undergraduate college for men, it is now coeducational. Stuart L. Deutsch, J.D., Dean Dedicated to the promotion of excellence in undergraduate education, Rutgers College provides its students with clear The university’s graduate programs in law originated in guidelines in the pursuit of a liberal arts education. other institutions. The New Jersey School of Law, founded in 1908, and the Mercer Beasley School of Law, founded in University College–New Brunswick 1926, merged in 1936 to become the University of Newark Emmet A. Dennis, Ph.D., Dean School of Law, which became part of Rutgers in 1946. University College–New Brunswick is an evening college Summer Session–Newark of liberal arts and professional studies serving part-time students since 1934. Within the context of the liberal arts tradition, University College–New Brunswick students are The Summer Session, begun in 1913 and established as offered a full range of courses and curricula, including pro- a division of the university in 1960, offers a wide variety of grams in business and preparation for the professions lead- graduate and undergraduate courses during three sessions ing to the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor in the summer months. of Science.

79 Cook College School of Communication, Information Adesoji Adelaja, Ph.D., Dean and Library Studies A coeducational and residential college, Cook offers under- Gustav Friedrich, Ph.D., Dean graduate programs in various applied disciplines with an This school was formed in 1982 by a merger of two schools emphasis on environmental, agricultural, food, and marine to provide academic programs that focus on various facets sciences. Formerly the College of Agriculture and later of communication and information science. The school the College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, offers undergraduate programs of study in communication, Cook College adopted its present name in 1973. Graduate and journalism and mass media. Students are admitted programs are offered through the Graduate School– to the school in their junior year from the five residential New Brunswick. undergraduate colleges in New Brunswick: Cook, Douglass, Livingston, Rutgers, and University colleges. Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Bachelor of Arts degrees are awarded jointly by the School John L. Colaizzi, Ph.D., Dean of Communication, Information and Library Studies and the undergraduate college. At the graduate level, programs First organized in 1892 and incorporated into the state uni- are offered that lead to the degree of Master of Library versity in 1927, the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy offers Service, the Master of Communication and Information a six-year professional program leading to the Doctor of Studies, and, jointly with the Graduate School–New Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree and a graduate program Brunswick, the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Courses for offering a post-B.S. Pharm.D. degree (both traditional two- in-service librarians also are provided. year and nontraditional). Other graduate programs leading to advanced degrees through the Graduate School–New Brunswick are available. In addition, the college sponsors a School of Engineering continuing education program for the benefit of practicing Michael T. Klein, Sc.D., Dean pharmacists throughout the state. Instruction in engineering began at Rutgers in 1864, when New Jersey designated Rutgers College to be the State Mason Gross School of the Arts College for the Benefit of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. George B. Stauffer, Ph.D., Dean The College of Engineering became a separate unit in 1914 and was renamed the School of Engineering in 1999. The This branch of Rutgers opened in July 1976. The school school is dedicated to the sound technical and general edu- grants both undergraduate and graduate degrees. Formed cation of the student. It offers a Bachelor of Science degree to provide an education in the arts of the highest profes- in seven disciplines as well as a curriculum in applied sci- sional caliber, the school offers an M.F.A. degree in visual ences. Its graduate programs are conducted through arts and theater arts; D.M.A., A.Dpl., M.M., and B.Mus. the Graduate School–New Brunswick. degrees in music; and a B.F.A. degree in visual arts, dance, and theater arts. Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning Rutgers Business School–Newark and and Public Policy New Brunswick James W. Hughes, Ph.D., Dean Howard Tuckman, Ph.D., Dean Founded in 1992, the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy provides focus for all of Established in 1993 as the Faculty of Management, Rutgers Rutgers’ programs of instruction, research, and service in Business School offers undergraduate and graduate planning and public policy. The school offers undergradu- programs on or through the university’s Newark and ate programs in urban studies and public health, each lead- New Brunswick campuses. Rutgers Business School: ing to the baccalaureate degree. On the graduate level, the Undergraduate–Newark is a four-year undergraduate school confers Master of City and Regional Planning, school. It offers the bachelor of science degree jointly with Master of City and Regional Studies, Master of Public either the Newark College of Arts and Sciences or Affairs and Politics, Master of Public Policy, Master of University College–Newark. Degree programs are available Public Health, and Doctor of Public Health degrees; the lat- in accounting, finance, management, and marketing. ter two degrees are offered jointly with the University of Rutgers Business School: Undergraduate–New Brunswick Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–School of Public is a two-year, upper-division school offering programs in Health. A dual-degree program in public health and accounting, finance, management, management science applied psychology leading to the Master of Public Health and information systems, and marketing. The school and Doctor of Psychology degrees is offered with the admits students from Douglass, Livingston, Rutgers, and Graduate School of Applied and Professional Ps y c h o l o g y . University colleges in their junior year. The bachelor of sci- A pr ogram also is offe r ed that leads to the Doctor of ence degree is awarded jointly by the business school and Philosophy degree in urban planning and policy develop- the undergraduate college the student attended. Rutgers ment; this degree is conferred by the Graduate School–New Business School: Graduate Programs–Newark and New Brunswick. In addition, the school offers joint-degree pro- Brunswick date from the Seth Boyden School of Business, grams with Rutgers’ two law schools, with the Graduate which was founded in 1929 and incorporated into Rutgers School of Management, and with the Graduate in 1946. The school offers the master of business adminis- School–New Brunswick. tration, an M.B.A. degree in professional accounting, a mas- ter of accountancy in taxation, a master of accountancy in governmental accounting, a master of accountancy in finan- School of Management and Labor Relations cial accounting, a master of quantitative finance, and a vari- Barbara A. Lee, Ph.D., J.D., Dean ety of dual degrees. The Ph.D. degree in management is The School of Management and Labor Relations, formed offered jointly by the Graduate School–Newark and the in 1994, provides undergraduate instruction in labor New Jersey Institute of Technology. studies and employment relations. At the graduate level, 80 programs are offered that lead to the degrees of Master in Agricultural Experiment Station, New Jersey. Martin Hall, Human Resource Management, Master in Labor and Cook Campus Employment Relations, and Doctor of Philosophy in Alcohol Studies, Center of. Smithers Hall, Busch Campus Industrial Relations and Human Resources. American Woman and Politics, Center for the. Wood Lawn, Graduate School–New Brunswick Douglass Campus Holly M. Smith, Ph.D., Dean Art Museum, Jane Voorhees Zimmerli. College Avenue Campus Graduate programs in the arts and sciences have been offered since 1876. The Graduate School–New Brunswick Biological Research, Bureau of. Nelson Biology awards advanced degrees in more than sixty disciplines Laboratories, Busch Campus and is responsible for all Doctor of Philosophy degrees at Biostatistics, Institute for. Hill Center, Busch Campus Rutgers–New Brunswick. The faculty is drawn from virtual- Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment. ly all academic divisions of the university. Cook Campus Ceramic Research, Malcolm G. McLaren Center for. Graduate School of Applied and 607 Taylor Road, Busch Campus Professional Psychology Stanley B. Messer, Ph.D., Dean Coastal and Environmental Studies, Center for. Doolittle Hall, Busch Campus The GSAPP was established in 1974 to train direct-service Computer Science Research, Laboratory for. Hill Center, psychologists who have a special commitment to communi - Busch Campus ty involvement. It offers the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D . ) degree in professional psychology with specializations in Controlled Drug-Delivery Research Center. Pharmacy the areas of clinical psychology, school psychology, and Building, Busch Campus organizational psychology. The GSAPP also awards the Crime Prevention Studies, Center for. Center for Law and Master of Psychology (Psy.M.) degree en passant to the doc- Justice, Newark Campus torate; the Psy.M. is not offe r ed as a terminal degree . Criminological Research, Institute for. Lucy Stone Hall, Livingston Campus Graduate School of Education Critical Analysis of Contemporary Culture, Center for the. Louise C. Wilkinson, Ed.D., Dean 8 Bishop Place, College Avenue Campus Courses in education were first offered by Rutgers College Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, in the late nineteenth century.A separate school offering Center for. CoRE Building, Busch Campus its own curricula was organized in 1924. The GSE offers programs leading to the degrees of Master of Education, Eagleton Institute of Politics. Wood Lawn, Specialist in Education, and Doctor of Education. Douglass Campus Economic Research, Bureau of. New Jersey Hall, School of Social Work College Avenue Campus Mary E. Davidson, Ph.D., Dean Edison Papers, Thomas A. 16 Seminary Place, Established in 1954 to prepare students for professional College Avenue Campus social work practice, the SSW offers a two-year graduate Education Law and Policy, Institute for. Center for curriculum leading to the Master of Social Work degree. Law and Justice, Newark Campus Jointly with the Graduate School–New Brunswick, Engineered Materials, Institute for. Engineering Building, it offers a program leading to the Doctor of Philosophy Busch Campus degree, and its faculty also teaches an undergraduate Engineering Research, Bureau of. Engineering Building, social work program. Busch Campus Summer Session–New Brunswick Fiber Optic Materials Research Program. 607 Taylor Road, Thomas A. Kujawski, Ed.M. Busch Campus Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology Extension Center. The Summer Session, begun in 1913 and established as Martin Hall, Cook Campus a division of the university in 1960, offers a wide variety of graduate and undergraduate courses during three sessions Global Strategic Human Resource Management, Center for. in the summer months. School of Management and Labor Relations, 94 Rockafeller Road, Livingston Campus Government Services, Center for. Edward J. Bloustein ACADEMIC CENTERS, BUREAUS, School of Planning and Public Policy, 33 Livingston Avenue, College Avenue Campus AND INSTITUTES Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Institute Academic Foundations Center. Conklin Hall, for. 30 College Avenue, College Avenue Campus Newark Campus Historical Analysis, Rutgers Center for. 88 College Avenue, Advanced Food Technology, Center for. Nabisco Institute College Avenue Campus for Advanced Food Technology, Cook Campus Human Evolutionary Studies, Center for. 131 George Street, Advanced Information Processing, Center for. CoRE College Avenue Campus Building, Busch Campus

81 International Business Education, Center for. Janice H. Workplace Transformation, Center for. School of Levin Building, Livingston Campus Management and Labor Relations, Labor Education International Conflict Resolution and Peace Studies, Center, 50 Labor Center Way, Cook Campus Center for. Hickman Hall, Douglass Campus Centers Operated Jointly International Faculty and Student Services, Center for. 180 College Avenue, College Avenue Campus Biotechnology and Medicine, Center for Advanced. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute. Jazz Studies, Institute of. Dana Library, Newark Campus Hazardous Substance Management Research Center. Jewish Life, Center for the Study of. 12 College Avenue, College Avenue Campus Journalism Resources Institute. 185 College Avenue, College Avenue Campus UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SYSTEM Marine and Coastal Sciences, Institute of. 71 Dudley Road, Alcohol Studies Library. Smithers Hall, Busch Campus Cook Campus Annex. Annex Building, Busch Campus Materials Synthesis, Center for. Engineering Building, Busch Campus Archibald Stevens Alexander Library. 169 College Avenue, College Avenue Campus Mathematical Sciences Research, Center for. Hill Center, Busch Campus Art Library. Hamilton Street, College Avenue Campus Mathematics, Science, and Computer Education, Center for. Bailey B. Pepper Entomology Library. John B. Smith Hall, Science and Engineering Resource Center, Busch Campus Georges Road and Jones Street, Cook Campus Metropolitan Studies, Joseph C. Cornwall Center for. Blanche and Irving Laurie Music Library. Douglass Library, Smith Hall, Newark Campus Chapel Drive and George Street, Douglass Campus Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for. Chemistry Library. Wright Chemistry Laboratory Building, Aidekman Center, Newark Campus Busch Campus Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Center for. Chrysler Herbarium Library. Nelson Biology Laboratories, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Busch Campus Policy, 33 Livingston Avenue, College Avenue Campus Criminal Justice Library. Center for Law and Justice, Neighborhood and Brownfields Redevelopment, 123 Washington Street, Newark Campus National Center for. Edward J. Bloustein School of East Asian Library. Alexander Library, College Planning and Public Policy, 33 Livingston Avenue, Avenue Campus College Avenue Campus Institute of Jazz Studies Library. John Cotton Dana Libary, Operations Research, Center for. Hill Center, Busch Campus Newark Campus Packaging Science and Engineering, Center for. Engineering John Cotton Dana Library. 185 University Avenue, Building, Busch Campus Newark Campus Physics Research, Bureau of. Serin Physics Laboratories, Kilmer Area Library. Avenue E, Livingston Campus Busch Campus Library of Science and Medicine. Bevier Road, Rutgers Cooperative Extension. Martin Hall, Cook Campus Busch Campus Surface Modification, Laboratory for. Serin Physics Mabel Smith Douglass Library. Chapel Drive and George Laboratories, Busch Campus Street, Douglass Campus Transportation Center, Alan M. Voorhees. Edward J. Mathematical Sciences Library. Hill Center, Busch Campus Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Media Services. Kilmer Area Library, Livingston Campus 33 Livingston Avenue, College Avenue Campus Paul Robeson Library. 300 North Fourth Street, Urban Policy Research, Center for. 33 Livingston Avenue, Camden Campus College Avenue Campus Physics Library. Serin Physics Laboratories, Busch Campus Waksman Institute of Microbiology. 190 Frelinghuyt1 School of Law–Camden Library. Fifth and Penn Streets, Road, Busch Campus Camden Campus Walt Whitman Center for the Culture and Politics of School of Law–Newark Library. Center for Law and Democracy. Hickman Hall, Douglass Campus Justice, 123 Washington Street, Newark Campus Wireless Information Network Laboratory. Electrical School of Management and Labor Relations Library. Engineering Building, Busch Campus Ryders Lane, Cook Campus Women, Institute for Research on. 160 Ryders Lane, SERC Reading Room. Science and Engineering Resource Douglass Campus Center, Frelinghuysen Road, Busch Campus Women and Work, Center for. School of Management and Special Collections and University Archives. Alexander Labor Relations, 162 Ryders Lane, Douglass Campus Library, College Avenue Campus Women’s Leadership, Institute for. 162 Ryders Lane, Stephen and Lucy Chang Science Library. Foran Hall, Douglass Campus Cook Campus Workforce Development, John J. Heldrich Center for. Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, 33 Livingston Avenue, College Avenue Campus

82 Index

Academic Calendars, 2 Academic Integrity, 69-70 Credits, Transfer, 34-35 Identification Cards, 50 Academic Policies and Procedures, 67-76 Criminal Justice Joint-Degree Program, Independent Research, 31, 64 Academic Programs, 28-33 32-33 Institutes, Academic, 81-82 Academic Standing, 69 Curriculum, 29-33 Insurance, Health, 49 Accreditation: of the School of Intellectual Property Law Society, 53 Law–Newark, 6, Institutional and Day-Care Centers, 49 Interdisciplinary Courses, 68 Specialized, 5 Dean’s Message, 3-4 Interdisciplinary Studies, 32-33 Activation of Registration, 38 Decalogue Society of Jewish Law Interinstitutional Enrollment, 68 Activities, 52-55 Students, 53 International Students, 35, 49, 50 Adjunct Faculty, 26-27 Defamation, Policy against, 73-75 Interschool Enrollment, 68 Administration: of the School of Deferred Admission, 34 Irish-American Law Students Law–Newark, 27, of the University, 77 Degree Requirements, 28-33 Association, 53 Admissions, 34-36 Dining, 48 Italian-American Law Society, 54 Admission to the Bar, 33 Diploma Application Deadlines, 69 Advanced Standing, 34-35 Disabled Students, Counseling for, 50 J.D./Master of Accountancy Joint Alumni Relations, 50-51 Disruption Policy, 73 Program, 33 American Bar Association/Law Student Divisions of the University, 78-81 Joint-Degree Programs, 32-33 Division, 53 Dual J.D./M.S.W. Program, 33 Juris Doctor Degree Program, 28-33 Applying to the Law School, 34, for Financial Aid, 40 Educational Opportunity Fund (EOF), 43 Law Library, 7, Staff, 27 Asian/Pacific-American Law Students Elective Courses, 57-64 Law Program, 28-33 Association, 53 Elective Curriculum, 30-31 Law Review, Rutgers, 52 Assault Policy, 73-74 Emeritus Faculty, 25 Law School Admissions Test, 34-35 Assistantships, 46, 64-65 Employment, 45, 47, Restrictions for Full- Law School Data Assembly Service, 34 Association of Black Law Students, 53 Time Students, 28, 46, Career Placement, Legal Research and Writing Faculty, 25-26 Association of Latin-American 47-48 Library System, University, 82 Law Students, 53 Evening (Part-Time) Program, 28 Licensure, 5 Evening Students Association, 53 Living Expenses, 39 Athletics Disclosure Act Reports, Equity in, 75 Expenses, 37-38, 40 Loans, 45-46 Attendance, 69 Externships, 65 Location and Facilities, 6-7 Awards, 55-56 Faculty, 8-27 Management Joint-Degree Program, Bar Admission Requirements, State, 33 Federalist Society, 53 Graduate School of, 32 Bills, Term, 38 Fee Schedule, 37 Medicine, Six-Year Program in Law and, 33 Board of Governors, 77 Fees, 37-38 Minority Student Program, 36 Board of Trustees, 77 Fellowships, 41-45 Moot Court Board, 54 Bureaus, Academic, 81-82 Financial Aid, 39-46, for Part-Time Business/Cashier’s Office, 38 Students, 40, Restrictions, 46 Neisser, Eric R., Public Interest Program, 31 Foreign Lawyer Program, 35 New Jersey Residency Guidelines, 75-76 Calendars, Academic, 2 Foreign Students, (see International Nondiscrimination Policy, 75 Cancellation of Classes, 69 Students) Cancellation of Registration, 38 Full-Time Students, Transfer to Part-Time Organizations, 53-55 Career Services, 47-48 Status, 29 Cashier’s Office, 38 Parking, 50 Centers, Academic, 81-82, Research, Governance of the University, 77 Partial Payment Plan, 38 76, 81-82 Grades and Records, 68-69 Part-Time (Evening) Program, 28 Change of Courses, 67 Graduate School of Management Joint- Part-Time Students, Transfer to Full-Time Change of Status, 29 Degree Program, 32 Status, 29 Child Care, 49 Graduation, 69 Pass, D, F Grading Option, 68-69 Christian Legal Society, 53 Grants, 41-45 Patent Policy, 76 Clinical Programs, 66-67 Payment Plans, 37-38 Clinical Faculty, 22-25 Handicapped Students, Counseling for, 49 Placement, 47-48 Clinical Studies, 31 Harassment Policies, 73-75 Prelegal Education, 36 Code of Student Conduct, 70-72 Health Insurance, 49 Privacy Rights, 75 Computer Facilities, Student, 7 Health Services, 48 Prizes, 55-56 Costs, 37-38, 40 History of the School of Law–Newark, 6, Pro Bono Service Program, 54 Counseling Services, 49-50 of the University, 5 Procedures, Academic, 67-76 Course Listing, 57-67 Holds, 69 Professional Responsibility, 30 Courses, Required, 57, Elective, 57-65 Honors, Prizes, and Awards, 55-56 Public Interest Law, 31 Credit Load, 67-68 Housing, 48 Public Interest Law Foundation (PILF), 54 Credit Requirements, 28

83 Public Safety Information, 72 Rutgers Student Lawyers Guild, 54 Student Services, 47-52 Publications, 52-53 Rutgers, The State University of Study in Depth, Opportunities for, 30-31 New Jersey: Divisions of, 78-81 Summer Session, 29 Railroad Discounts, 50 Governance of, 77, History of, 5 Recreational Facilities, 49 Rutgers University Foundation, 51-52 Term Bills, 38 Refund Policy, 39 Termination of Registration, 38 Registration and Course Information, Safety and Security, 72 Transcripts, 69 38-39, 67-68 Scholarships, 41-45 Transfer Credits, 34-35 Religious Observance, Absence Due to, Scholastic Standing, 69 Transfer: to Full-Time Status, 29 69 Second- and Third-Year Seminars, 65 to Part-Time Status, 29 Required Courses, 56, Curriculum, 29-30 Seminar Program, 31, Titles, 65 Transfer Students, 34-35 Requirements: for Admission, 34-35 Sexual Assault Services and Crime Victim Transportation, 50 for Advanced Standing, 34-35 Assistance, 72 Tuition and Fees, 37-38 for J.D. Degree, 28-33 Sexual Harassment Policy, 73-74 Research Assistantships, 65 Shuttle Van Service, 50 Urban Planning Joint-Degree Research Policy and Research Centers, 76 Six-Year Program in Law and Medicine, 33 Program, 32 Residence Credits, 28 Solicitations, Policy Regarding, 76 Residency for Tuition Purposes, Sports and Entertainment Law Society, 54 Van Service, Shuttle, 50 New Jersey, 75-76 Staff, Library, 27 Verbal Assault, Policy against, 73-75 Responsibility to Keep Informed, 67 State Bar Admission Requirements, 33 Veterans Benefits, 46, 50 Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Student Activities, 52-55 Visiting Students, 35 Journal, 52 Student Bar Association, 54 Rutgers International Law Society, 54 Student Fee, 37-38 Women’s Law Forum, 55

Rutgers Law Record, 53 Student Organizations, 53-55 Women’s Rights Law Reporter, 52

Rutgers Law Review, 52 Student Publications, 52-53 Work-Study Program, 46 Rutgers Lesbian and Gay Caucus, 54 Student Records and Privacy Rights, 75

Rutgers Race and the Law Review, 52 Student Responsibility to Keep Informed, 67

W1 5 6 2 – 1 9 . 5 M – 0 3

84