FishTaxa (2018) 3(3): 1-95 E-ISSN: 2458-942X Journal homepage: www.fishtaxa.com © 2018 FISHTAXA. All rights reserved Checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Golnaz SAYYADZADEH1, Soheil EAGDERI2, Keivan ABBASI3 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 2Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 3Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran. Corresponding author: *E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract This checklist aims to list all the reported Iranian inland fishes. It lists 297 species in 109 genera, 30 families, 24 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens. The most diverse order is Cypriniformes (176 species, 59.3%), followed by Gobiiformes (42 species, 14.1%), Cyprinodontiformes (19 species, 6.4%), and Clupeiformes (11 species, 3.7%). Ninety-five endemic species (32%) in 7 families and 29 exotic species (9.76%) in 11 families are listed here. Keywords: Fish diversity, Distribution, Taxonomy, Systematics, Endemic species, Exotic species. Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A3B80E3F-D636-4A2F-B82B-B966FE083437 Introduction The territory of Iran is important from a zoogeographical point of view, as it straddles several major ecoregions of the world including the Palaearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental realms (Nalbant and Bianco 1998; Coad 1998) as well as having some exotic elements from the Nearctic and Neotropical realms (Esmaeili et al. 2010a, b, 2013a, b, 2014a, b, 2017a).