ERM-1466 05/16

Chemical Weed and Brush Control Suggestions for Rangeland

Robert K. Lyons, Megan Clayton, Wayne Hamilton, Larry Redmon, Barron Rector, and Jeff Goodwin*

This publication provides general suggestions for used to control brush and weeds on Texas rangelands. It also gives information on the levels of control expected. The information is presented in good faith, but no warranty, express or implied, is given. Weed and brush control results may vary tremendously if treatments are applied under less than optimum conditions.

Users of this publication may find the decision support system for rangeland weed and brush control technology selection— PestMan—helpful. PestMan is designed to recommend appropriate mechanical and chemical rangeland brush and weed control treatments for Texas and New Mexico. All treatments included in this publication are also included in PestMan, which helps in estimating costs and the economic impact of various treatment options. PestMan is an Internet-based system (http:// pestman.tamu.edu) that can be accessed free of charge.

How to use this guide

1. Find your problem weed or brush species in the Index on c. See the fifth column for the method to use—how to Page 4. apply the chemical. This could be foliar, stem, cut- 2. Go to the pages where your plant is listed; find the plant stump, aerial, etc. name in the first column on those pages. 5. The three columns on the right explain other details, such 3. See the second column on those pages for a list of suggested as how much surfactant to use, when to treat the plant, and herbicides (these are active ingredients). any exceptions. Be sure to read these before choosing an herbicide. 4. Choose herbicides based on: 6. Go to Page 6 and match the herbicide you chose for a. Whether you would like to make a broadcast controlling the problem plant with product names you are application or treat individual plants (third or fourth more likely to know. column). 7. For tips on measuring and mixing herbicides, see Page 7. b. Check the effectiveness (VH, H, M, and L), which tells you the percentage of plants you should expect to kill with that herbicide and rate. For percent kill ranges, see Page 5.

*Professor and Extension Range Specialist, Assistant Professor and Extension Range Specialist, Senior Lecturer, Professor and Extension Forage Specialist, Associate Professor and Extension Range Specialist, The Texas A&M University System; and State Rangeland Management Specialist, USDA–Natural Resources Conservation Service Index Control descriptions for weed and brush plants are located on the page numbers indicated. Carefully check the table. More than one control measure may exist.

Weed species Page Wild carrot...... 9, 10 Huisache...... 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29 Wolfweed...... 14 Lotebush...... 18, 21, 23 African rue...... 8 Woolly locoweed...... 12 Macartney rose...... 23, 24 Bitter sneezeweed ...... 8, 9 Yankeeweed...... 11 Mesquite...... 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Broomweed (annual or common)...... 9, 10 Mesquite, western honey...... 28 Broom snakeweed...... 11 Brush species Page Mixed brush–South Texas...... 28, 29 Buffalobur...... 8, 9 Mixed brush–Davis Mountains...... 29 Bullnettle...... 11 Ashe juniper...... 16 Mohrs shinoak...... 29 Camphorweed...... 8, 9 Baccharis...... 16, 17 Post oak...... 18 Carolina horsenettle...... 11 Beebrush...... 18, 33 Pricklyash (Hercules club)...... 17, 18, 21 Cocklebur...... 8, 9 Beebush...... 18, 33 Pricklypear...... 30 Common goldenweed...... 11, 12 Bigelow shinoak...... 17 Redberry cedar...... 16, 30, 31 Croton...... 8, 9 Blackberry...... 17 Redberry juniper...... 16, 30, 31 Dogfennel...... 11 Blackbrush...... 17, 18, 29 Retama...... 23, 29 Drummond’s goldenweed...... 11, 12 Blackgum...... 18 Roosevelt willow...... 16, 17 Flathead sedge...... 12 Blackjack oak...... 18 Running live oak...... 31 Gray goldaster...... 13 Blueberry cedar...... 16 Sacahuista...... 32 Horehound...... 8, 9 Bois d’arc...... 17, 18 Saltcedar...... 32 Jimmyweed...... 14 Burrobrush...... 18 Sand sagebrush...... 32 Lespedeza...... 13 Catclaw acacia...... 17, 29 Sand shinnery oak...... 32 Marshelder...... 8, 9 Catclaw mimosa...... 17, 19, 29 Saw palmetto...... 33 Narrowleaf goldaster...... 13 Cenizo...... 19 Seep willow...... 16, 17 Perennial broomweed...... 10 Chinese tallowtree...... 17, 19, 20 Skunkbush...... 29 Plantain...... 9, 10 Cholla...... 16 Spiny hackberry...... 21, 29 Prairie gerardia...... 8, 9 Christ thorn ...... 20, 24, 27 Sweetgum...... 18 Ragweed...... 8, 9 Common persimmon...... 20 Tarbush...... 20 Rayless goldenrod...... 14 Creosotebush...... 20 Tasajillo...... 16, 30 Rosin weed...... 11 Dog cactus...... 16 Texas persimmon...... 17 Silverleaf nightshade...... 11 Dryland willow...... 16, 17 Twisted acacia...... 25, 29 Smartweed...... 8, 9 Eastern persimmon...... 20 White shinoak...... 17 Spiny aster...... 14 Eastern redcedar...... 20 Whitebrush...... 18, 29, 33 Sunflower...... 8, 9 Elm...... 17, 18, 21 Whitethorn acacia...... 20 Tallowweed...... 9, 10 Flameleaf sumac...... 21 Willow...... 18 Thistles...... 8, 9 Giant reed...... 21 Willow baccharis...... 16, 17 Threadleaf groundsel...... 12, 14 Granjeno...... 21, 29 Winged elm...... 17 Treadsalve...... 11 Greenbriar...... 17, 21 Yaupon...... 17, 21 Twinleaf (twoleaf) senna...... 15 Guajillo...... 18, 29 Yucca...... 33 Upright prairie-coneflower...... 11, 15 Hackberry...... 17, 18, 21 Western bitterweed...... 8, 9 Hardwoods...... 18, 21, 25 Western horsenettle...... 11 Hercules club...... 17, 18, 21 Western ragweed...... 8, 9 Honeylocust...... 22 illions of acres of Texas rangeland support an excessive cover of woody plants The sprayer used must apply the correct quantity of herbicide mixture to a specific area. To and forbs. Dense stands of brush and weeds use valuable water for growth, calibrate spray equipment, see Extension publication L-5465, Weed Busters: Sprayer Cali- Mreduce grass production, and cause soil erosion. These noxious plants must be bration Guide. managed effectively for rangelands to reach their productive potential. The use of herbi- Suggestions on the use of herbicides made by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service cides provides an effective and efficient alternative for controlling brush and weeds for- im are based upon effectiveness under Texas conditions. proving and maintaining of rangelands in a highly productive condition. Broadcast and individual plant treatments are presented in Tables 6 and 7. Individual plant This publication lists current suggestions for herbicide use to control brush and weeds on treatments are suited for controlling thin stands of brush and selective control. Broadcast rangeland. Some herbicides provide a high degree of control of certain species; however, treatments are useful for dense stands of brush and for weed control. seldom is a species eradicated. Consider other potential rangeland uses when developing a brush management program. Many trees, shrubs, and forbs are valuable as food and cover Suggested herbicides must be registered and labeled for use by the Environmental Protec- for wildlife and may be an important component in livestock diets. Therefore, a brush tion Agency. Because the status of herbicide label clearance is subject to change, be certain management program should provide for control methods that give optimum benefits to that the herbicide is currently labeled for the intended use. livestock and wildlife. The users are always responsible for the effects of herbicide residue on their livestock and Herbicide application may increase the palatability of poisonous plants. Thus, they are crops, as well as for problems that could arise from drift or movement of the herbicide more likely to be consumed by livestock. To prevent losses to toxic plants, do not graze from their property to that of others. Always read and follow carefully the instructions on herbicide-treated areas with poisonous plants present until the toxic plants dry up and lose the container label. their palatability. Properly used herbicides are effective and safe. Misuse can result in poor brush and weed Treatment control ratings control, herbicidal drift, dangerous residues, or death of desirable plants. Listed below are points to follow for proper herbicide use: A control rating, based on the effectiveness of an herbicide treatment in controlling a target plant, has been assigned to each herbicide use suggestion. These ratings were deter- ● Identify the weed or brush species and evaluate the need for control. mined from research and result demonstration data and from observations of commercial ● Consider the expected benefits, costs, and alternative control practices. applications. The rating represents a degree of plant mortality of the target plant species ● Buy the suggested herbicide for the weed or brush species. when the treatment is applied properly under optimum conditions. ● Read and follow herbicide label directions for allowable uses, application rates, and spe- cial handling or mixing requirements. Table 1. Rating categories for herbicide treatments ● Provide and require the use of proper safety equipment. and degree of target plant mortality after treatment ● Calibrate spray equipment. Control rating Percent of plants killed ● Mix herbicides in a ventilated area, preferably outside. Very high 76–100 ● Spray under conditions that prevent drift to susceptible crops. High 56–75 ● Apply the herbicides at the suggested rate and time. Moderate 36–55 ● Keep a record of the herbicide used, the time required to spray, weather conditions, rate of herbicide in the carrier, date, location, and the person using the herbicide. Low 0–35

Introduction; Table 1. Rating categories for herbicide treatments and degree of target plant mortality after treatment 5 Table 2. Common, chemical and product names of herbicides* Herbicide common name Chemical name Product name Active ingredient or acid equivalent aminopyralid 2- carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3, 6-dichloro-2-pyrdine carboxylic acid, triisopropanolammonium salt — — aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) See aminopyralid and 2,4-D GrazonNext HL 3.75 lb/gal aminopyralid: (1:4.6) See aminopyralid and clopyralid Sendero 2.8 lb/gal aminopyralid:metsulfuron methyl See aminopyralid and metsulfuron Chaparral 0.62 lb/lb (1:6.2) clopyralid 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid Pyramid R&P, Clopyralid 3 3 lb/gal 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid Weedar 64, Broad Range 55, Hi-Dep, amine salts, free acids, and esters Weedone LV4, Esteron 99, others of variable concentration 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid Banvel, Clarity, Vision 4 lb/gal dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) See dicamba and 2,4-D Weedmaster, Banvel + 2,4-D, RangeStar, 4 lb/gal Outlaw diesel fuel oil or kerosene refined petroleum fractions Several manufacturers —

1-methylheptyl ester: ((4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid Vista XRT 2.8 lb/gal N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine Several, including Rodeo**, Roundup, isopropylamine salt; concentration Roundup Ultradry, Glyphosate 417 varies depending on the product 3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(IH, 3H)-dione Velpar L, Pronone Power Pellet 2 lb/gal (Velpar L) 75% (Pronone Power Pellet) 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethy)-5-oxo-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid Arsenal, Habitat** 2 lb/gal

metsulfuron methyl methyl 2[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl] benzoate Escort, Clean Pasture, MSM 60DF 60%

metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron (3:1) See metsulfuron methyl + 2-chloro-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl] Cimarron Plus 48% metsulfuron benzenesulfonamide 15% chlorosulfuron metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron (1:1) See metsulfuron: chlorosulfuron Cimarron X-Tra 30% metsulfuron 37.5% chlorosulfuron metsulfuron methyl See metsulfuron methyl, dicamba and 2,4-D Cimarron Max 60% (Part A) dicamba:2,4-D (1:3) 3.87 lb/gal (Part B) 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid Tordon 22K, Triumph 22K, Picloram 22K 2 lb/gal picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) See picloram and fluroxypyr Surmount 1.34 lb/gal picloram:2,4-D (1:4) See picloram and 2,4-D Grazon P+D, Gunslinger, Picloram + D 2.5 lb/gal picloram:2,4-D (1:4) See picloram and 2,4-D Graslan L 3.8 lb/gal N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethy)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}-N-N’-dimethylurea Spike 20P, Spike 80 DF 20% (Spike 20P) 80% (Spike 80 DF) {(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy}acetic acid Clear Pasture, Pathfinder II, Triclopyr R&P, 0.75 lb/gal (Pathfinder II–ready to use Remedy Ultra, Triclopyr 4 EC formulation for stem sprays) 4 lb/gal (all others) triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) See triclopyr and fluroxypyr PastureGard HL 4 lb/gal triclopyr:2,4-D(1:2) See triclopyr and 2,4-D Crossbow 3 lb/gal *Herbicides have been identified by the accepted Weed Science Society of America common name, and when practical, one or more product names. **Aquatic label

6 Table 2. Common, Chemical and Product Names of Herbicides Table 3. Common measurement conversions for use with herbicide applications Liquid Weight

1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) 1 pt = 16 oz 1 pound (lb) = 16 oz 1 gal = 8 pints (pt) 1 pt = 473.12 ml 1 lb = 453.6 grams (g) 1 gal = 16 cups (c) 1 c = 8 oz 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 gal = 128 ounces (oz) 1 oz = 2 tablespoons (tbs) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lb 1 gal = 3784.96 milliliters (ml) 1 oz =29.57 ml 1 quart (qt) = 2 pt 1 tablespoon (tbs) = 3 teaspoons (tsp) Area 1 qt = 4 c 1 tbs = 0.5 oz 1 qt = 32 oz 1 tbs = 14.79 ml 1 acre = 43,560 square feet (sq ft) 1 qt = 946.24 ml 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 4.98 ml 1 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres 1 pint (pt) = 2 c

Table 4. Guide to quantity of herbicide formulation for total volume of spray mix Herbicide concentration desired for individual plant and spot treatment Total spray volume 0.25 % 0.5 % 0.75 % 1%* 1.5% 2% 3% 4% 5% 10% 15% 25% desired Quantity of herbicide formulation

1 gal 0.33 oz 0.67 oz 1 oz 1.33 oz 2 oz 2.67 oz 4 oz 5.25 oz 6.5 oz 13 oz 19 oz 1 qt

3 gal* 1 oz 2 oz 3 oz 4 oz* 6 oz 8 oz 12 oz 15.5 oz 19 oz 38 oz 57 oz 96 oz

5 gal 1.67 oz 3.33 oz 5 oz 6.5 oz 10 oz 13 oz 19 oz 26 oz 32 oz 64 oz 96 oz 1.25 gal

10 gal 3.33 oz 6.5 oz 10 oz 13 oz 19 oz 26 oz 38 oz 51 oz 2 qt 1 gal 1.5 gal 2.5 gal

25 gal 8 oz 16 oz 24 oz 32 oz 48 oz 64 oz 96 oz 1 gal 1.25 gal 2.5 gal 3.75 gal 6.25 gal

50 gal 16 oz 32 oz 48 oz 64 oz 96 oz 1 gal 1.5 gal 2 gal 2.5 gal 5 gal 7.5 gal 12.5 gal

100 gal 32 oz 64 oz 96 oz 1 gal 1.5 gal 2 gal 3 gal 4 gal 5 gal 10 gal 15 gal 25 gal

*Example: To prepare 3 gal of a spray mixture (herbicide, water, and surfactant) containing 1% herbicide, add 4 oz of herbicide.

Note: Add 0.25%–0.5% commercial, non-ionic surfactant for mixtures using only water as the herbicide carrier. Add 5% diesel fuel if an oil-in-water emulsion is the herbicide carrier. Add an oil emulsifying agent (emulsifier) according to label directions. Agitation and the emulsifier are necessary to prevent separation of the spray mixture.

Caution: Non-ionic surfactants are not emulsifying agents and will not result in the formation of an emulsion when diesel fuel and water are mixed and agitated. Add the emulsifier at 1–3 oz/gal of the diesel fuel before adding the diesel fuel to the spray tank. Fill the spray tank to about half the desired volume with water before adding the diesel fuel-emulsifier premix. Then slowly add the diesel fuel-emulsifier premix to the spray tank, with agitation, after which fill the spray tank to the desired volume with water.

Table 3. Common Measurement Conversions; Table 4. Guide to Quantity of Herbicide Formulation 7 Table 5. Herbicides for controlling weeds on rangeland

Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) African rue hexazinone liquid — VH** Use an exact delivery handgun to Spring–summer Do not use on heavy clay or caliche soils. 2 ml/plant apply undiluted herbicide to soil surface at the edge of the plant canopy. hexazinone pellet — 1 pellet/plant — tebuthiuron 20% pellets H — 7.5 lb (1.5 lb) imazapyr H VH 10–25 gal/ac for ground broadcast. Late Sept–Oct Apply to fall regrowth that is in good 32 oz (0.5 lb) 0.5% Thoroughly wet foliage for (to first frost) growing condition. Recommend using individual plant treatment. Add individual plant treatment when growing 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. with desirable vegetation to reduce non- target damage. Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide and will kill or damage desirable vegetation if sprayed. Berlander lobelia, bitter 2,4-D amine or low volatile VH** VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 Spring, weeds With 2,4-D, use the amine formulation in sneezeweed, buffalobur, ester 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% (4 lb/gal product) gal water for ground broadcast 4–6 in. high, good areas with 25 in. of rainfall or more and the camphorweed, cocklebur, 4 lb/gal product application. Thoroughly wet foliage moisture conditions. ester formulation in drier areas where no croton, horehound, for individual plant treatment. Add Spray thistles in susceptible crops are nearby. dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH marshelder (sumpweed, 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. rosette stage. 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% For western bitterweed control, use 2,4-D sulfaweed), prairie gerardia low volatile ester or amine at 32 oz/ac before (see remarks), ragweed, dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH plants flower, temperature above 72° F, and smartweed, sunflower, or low volatile ester 4–8 oz (0.125–0.75 lb) 0.25% dicamba soil moisture favors plant growth. When ¾ of thistles, western bitterweed dicamba + plants are blooming, and/or temperature is (see remarks), western + 0.75 % 2,4-D less than 60°F, use dicamba:2,4-D (1:3), 2,4-D ragweed, others 12–24 oz (0.375–0.75 lb) (4 lb/gal product) plus dicamba; picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/ (continued on next page) 2, 4-D, 4 lb/gal product gal product), picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (2.5 lb/gal picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH product), aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) or 2,4-D (3.8 lb/gal product) 11–16 oz 0.63% plus picloram. (0.3–0.5 lb) For prairie gerardia control, use 48 oz/ picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH acre of 2,4-D or the low rate of dicamba:2,4-D (2.5 lb/gal product) 16–24 oz 1% (1:3), dicamba plus 2,4-D; picloram:2,4-D (0.3–0.5 lb) (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product), picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (2.5 lb/ gal product) or picloram plus 2,4-D picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH when plants are 4–6 in. high. Use 20 oz/acre or low volatile ester 8–24 oz (0.0625–0.1875 lb) 0.25% picloram of picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product; picloram + Do not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year), + 0.5% 2,4-D 32 oz/acre of picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (2.5 lb/ gal 8–24 oz (0.25–0.75 lb) 2,4-D (4 lb/gal product) product) or 8 oz of 2,4-D/acre when plants 4 lb/gal product are 6–10 in. high before flowering. metsulfuron methyl VH — Because of metsulfuron methyl in the dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 1–Rate 2 formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH Use high end of rate range for camphor- 24–32 oz (0.25–0.33 lb) 1% weed, marshelder, and smartweed.

*See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

8 Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Berlander lobelia, bitter triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Spring, weeds Use high end of rate range for sneezeweed, buffalobur, 16–24 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) 0.5% 25 gal water for ground broadcast 4–6 in. high, good camphorweed, marshelder, and smartweed. camphorweed, cocklebur, application. Thoroughly wet moisture conditions. Triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) efficacy on croton, horehound, foliage for individual plant Spray thistles in smartweed is marginal. marshelder (sumpweed, treatment. Add 32–64 oz rosette stage. sulfaweed), prairie gerardia aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) VH — surfactant/100 gal water. — (see remarks), ragweed, 24 oz (0.70 lb) smartweed, sunflower, aminopyralid:metsulfuron VH — Because of metsulfuron methyl in the thistles, western bitterweed methyl (1:6.2) 2.0–3.3 oz formulation, these herbicides are not (see remarks), western (0.078–0.127 lb) recommended on bahiagrass pastures for ragweed, others weed control. (continued from previous page) Broomweed (annual 2,4-D amine or low volatile VH** VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Spring, weeds less Use 2,4-D amine in areas with 25 in. of rainfall or common), plantain ester 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% (4 lb/gal product) 25 gal water for ground broadcast than 4 in. tall, good or more. Use 2,4-D low volatile ester in drier (tallowweed), wild carrot 4 lb/gal product application. Thoroughly wet moisture conditions areas where no susceptible crops are nearby. foliage for individual plant aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) VH — Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do treatment. Add 32–64 oz 24 oz (0.70 lb) not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. surfactant/100 gal water. aminopyralid:metsulfuron VH — methyl (1:6.2) 2.0-3.3 oz (0.078–0.127 lb) dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 4–8 oz (0.125–0.25 lb) 0.25% dicamba dicamba + + 0.75% 2,4-D 12–24 oz (0.375–0.75 lb) (4 lb/gal product) 2, 4-D, 4 lb/gal product picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH (3.8 lb/gal product) 11–16 oz (0.3–0.5 lb) 0.63% picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH (2.5 lb/gal product) 16–24 oz (0.3–0.5 lb) 1% picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 8–24 oz (0.0625–0.1875 lb) 0.25% picloram picloram + + 0.5% 2,4-D 8–24 oz (0.25–0.75 lb) (4 lb/gal product) 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH 24–32 oz (0.25–0.33 lb) 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH 16–24 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) 0.5% metsulfuron methyl VH — Because of metsulfuron methyl in the dicamba:2,4-D (1:3) Rate 1–Rate 2 formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland 9 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Broomweed (annual metsulfuron methyl VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 Spring, weeds less Because of metsulfuron methyl in the or common), plantain 0.1 oz gal water for ground broadcast than 4 in. tall, good formulation, these herbicides are not (tallowweed), wild carrot application. Thoroughly wet foliage moisture conditions recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron: VH — (continued from previous for individual plant treatment. Add weed control. chlorosulfuron (3:1) 0.125 oz page) 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. metsulfuron: VH — chlorosulfuron (1:1) 0.2 oz Broom snakeweed picloram VH VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 During and after Add emulsifer to oil for proper emulsion (perennial broomweed) 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% gal water for ground broadcast full flower stage in when oil-in-water emulsion is used. Use application. Thoroughly wet foliage fall when growth 16 oz/ac picloram only in the fall. Use 32 picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH for individual plant treatment. Add conditions are good; oz/ac picloram in the spring. Poor control (3.8 lb/gal product) 43 oz (1.25 lb) 0.63% 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. or spring during may be expected if dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH peak plant growth or dicamba:2,4-D mixture is used when (2.5 lb/gal product) 64 oz (1.25 lb) 1% when growth growth conditions are less than ideal. conditions are good Growth conditions should be optimum if picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH picloram:2,4-D(1:4) or picloram:2,4-D mixture 48–96 oz (0.5–1.0 lb) 1% is used in the spring. picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do or low volatile ester 16 oz (0.25 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. + + 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 0.5% 2,4-D 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH 32 oz (1 lb) 1% dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 8 oz (0.25 lb) dicamba 0.25% dicamba + + 24 oz (0.75 lb) 0.75% 2,4-D 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) metsulfuron methyl VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 Optimum time is in Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 0.6 oz gal water for ground broadcast the fall, but it may be formulation, these herbicides are not application. Add 32–64 oz applied in spring recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH — surfactant or 2 gal crop oil/100 gal weed control. (3:1) 0.75 oz water. metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH — (1:1) 1.2 oz metsulfuron methyl H–VH — dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 1–Rate 2 tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Any time—optimum Use only on sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, 3.75 lb pellets (0.75 lb) 0.167 oz of pellets period is Oct 1–Apr loam, silt loam, silt, or sandy clay loam soils. (0.033 oz)/100 sq ft 1 except in Trans- of ground area Pecos, where optimum period is May 1–Jul 1 *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

10 Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Bullnettle, picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Spring (see remarks) Spray bullnettle, Carolina horsenettle, Carolina horsenettle, (3.8 lb/gal product) 20–32 oz (0.6–0.9 lb) 0.63% 25 gal water for ground broadcast silverleaf nightshade, and western dogfennel, silverleaf application. Thoroughly wet horsenettle when plants begin to flower picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH nightshade, upright foliage for individual plant in the spring. Spray dogfennel and (2.5 lb/gal product) 32–48 oz (0.6–0.94 lb) 1% prairie-coneflower, western treatment. Add 32–64 oz yankeeweed when plants are 8–10 in. tall. horsenettle (treadsalve), picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH surfactant/100 gal water. Spray upright prairie-coneflower when yankeeweed (rosin weed) or low volatile ester. 8 to 12 oz (0.125–0.1875 lb) 0.25% picloram plants are 2–6 in. tall before flowering. picloram + Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do + 0.50% 2,4-D not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. 16 to 24 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) (4 lb/gal product) 2,4-D, Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 4 lb/gal product formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH weed control. 24 to 32 oz (0.25 to 0.33 lb) 1% metsulfuron methyl H–VH — dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 1–Rate 2 dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH 32 oz (1 lb) 1% dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester. 8 oz (0.25 lb) dicamba 0.25% dicamba + + 24 oz (0.75 lb) 2,4-D, 0.75% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) Bullnettle, silverleaf aminopyralid:metsulfuron VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Spring (see remarks) Spray bullnettle, silverleaf nightshade, and nightshade, western methyl (1:6.2) 2.0–3.3 oz (0.078–0.127 lb) 25 gal water for ground broadcast western horsenettle when plants begin to horsenettle (treadsalve) application. Thoroughly wet flower in the spring. aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) VH — foliage for individual plant 24 oz (0.70 lb) Because of metsulfuron methyl in the treatment. Add 32–64 oz of formulation, these herbicides are not surfactant/100 gal water recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. Common goldenweed, 2,4-D low volatile ester VH** VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Spring, when Picloram:2,4-D(1:4), dicamba:2,4-D(1:3), Drummond’s goldenweed 64 oz (2 lb) 2% (4 lb/gal product) 25 gal water for ground broadcast growth conditions and mixtures of dicamba:2,4-D and (continued on next page) 4 lb/gal product application. Thoroughly wet are good picloram:2,4-D are more effective than foliage for individual plant 2,4-D alone when growth conditions are dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH treatment. Add 32–64 oz less than optimal. When using oil-in-water 48 oz (1.5 lb) 2% surfactant/100 gal water. emulsion, add emulsifier to oil for proper picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH emulsion. 32 oz (0.33 lb) 1% Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. 32–48 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) 1% Because of metsulfuron methyl in the metsulfuron methyl VH — formulation, these herbicides are not dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 3 recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 12 oz (0.375 lb) dicamba 0.5% dicamba + + 36 oz (1.125 lb) 1.5% 2,4-D 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland 11 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Common goldenweed, picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 Spring, when Picloram:2,4-D(1:4), dicamba:2,4-D(1:3), Drummond’s goldenweed (3.8 lb/gal product) 32 oz (0.95 lb) 1.3% gal water for ground broadcast growth conditions and mixtures of dicamba:2,4-D and (continued from previous application. Thoroughly wet foliage are good picloram:2,4-D are more effective than picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH page) for individual plant treatment. Add 2,4-D alone when growth conditions are (2.5 lb/gal product) 48 oz (0.94 lb) 2% 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. less than optimal. When using oil-in-water picloram+2,4-D amine VH VH emulsion, add emulsifier to oil for proper or low volatile ester 12 oz (0.19 lb) picloram 0.50% picloram emulsion. + + Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do 24 oz (0.75 lb) 1% 2,4-D not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) Flathead sedge dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH — Ground broadcast 20–30 gal per Spring or fall Control may be enhanced if the stand 64 oz (2 lb) acre. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 is burned and/or shredded and allowed gal water. to regrow to a height of 12–15 in. before metsulfuron methyl VH — spraying. dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 Because of metsulfuron methyl in the formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. Garboncillo, threadleaf picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10–25 Fall, good moisture Herbicide application may increase groundsel, woolly locoweed (3.8 lb/gal product) 32 oz (0.95 lb) 1.3% gal water for ground broadcast conditions palatability of these poisonous plants. application. Thoroughly wet foliage Therefore, do not graze treated areas picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH for individual plant treatment. Add until the toxic plants dry up and lose their (2.5 lb/gal product) 48 oz (0.94 lb) 2% 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. palatability. picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do or low volatile ester. 12 oz (0.19 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. + + 24 oz (0.75 lb) 1% 2,4-D (4 lb/gal product) Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH weed control. 32 oz (0.33 lb) 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH 32–48 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) 1% metsulfuron methyl VH — dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH** VH — — — 32 oz (1 lb) 2% dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 12 oz (0.375 lb) dicamba 0.5% dicamba + + 36 oz (1.125 lb) 1.5%, 2,4-D 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/galproduct) *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

12 Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Gray goldaster, 2,4-D low volatile ester VH VH 2–4 gal oil-in-water emulsion Spring, during bud Bud stage usually occurs mid-May–early narrowleaf goldaster 32 oz (1 lb) 1% (64 oz diesel fuel oil and water to stage (pre-bloom) June. make 2–4 gal/ac) as aerial spray. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do 10–25 gal oil-in-water emulsion (3.8 lb/gal product) 34 oz (1 lb) 0.63% not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. (1 gal diesel fuel oil and water to picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH make 10–25 gal/ac) as ground Because of metsulfuron methyl in the (2.5 lb/gal product) 51 oz (1 lb) 1% broadcast. Thoroughly wet foliage formulation, these herbicides are not for individual plant treatment. recommended on bahiagrass pastures for picloram + 2,4-D low volatile VH VH Add 32–64 oz surfactant per weed control. ester 13 oz (0.2 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram 100 gal water or 5 gal diesel fuel + + oil/100 gal spray mix (1:19 oil- 26 oz (0.8 lb) 2,4-D, 0.50% 2,4-D in-water emulsion). Oil-in-water 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) emulsion requires the use of picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH emulsifier. 32 oz (0.33 lb) 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH 16–24 oz (0.5 to 0.75 lb) 0.5% metsulfuron methyl H–VH — dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate –Rate 2 dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH 32 oz (1 lb) 1% dicamba + 2,4-D low volatile VH VH ester 8 oz (0.25 lb) dicamba 0.25% dicamba + + 24 oz (0.75 lb) 2,4-D, 0.75% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) Lespedeza triclopyr VH ­— Ground broadcast 20–30 gal per June–Aug under Plants need to be 12–18 in. tall before 16–32 oz (0.50–1 lb) acre with 32–64 oz surfactant/100 good growing spraying. Use the higher rate if plants gal water. conditions are large, approaching maturity, or if the infestation level is high. metsulfuron methyl H Begin application at flower bud initiation 0.5 oz through full bloom. metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron H Because of metsulfuron methyl in the (3:1) 0.7 oz formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron H weed control. (1:1) 1.0 oz metsulfuron methyl H dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH 24–32 oz (0.25–0.33 lb) 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) VH VH 12–16 oz (0.38–0.5 lb) 0.5% *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland 13 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Rayless goldenrod metsulfuron methyl VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; Fall Because of metsulfuron methyl in the (jimmyweed) 0.75 oz 10–25 gal water for ground formulation, these herbicides are not broadcast application. Add 32 to recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH 64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. weed control. (3:1) 1.0 oz Thoroughly wet foliage for metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH individual plant treatment. Add (1:1) 1.5 oz 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH 96 oz (1.0 lb) 2% picloram VH VH 32 oz (0.50 lb) 1% Spiny aster (wolfweed) picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH 10–25 gal water for ground Spring, during Shred plants during winter. Regrowth will (3.8 lb/gal product) 20 oz (0.6 lb) 0.63% broadcast application. good moisture and have leaves. Apply herbicide when regrowth Thoroughly wet foliage for growth conditions is 10–12 in. tall. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH VH individual plant treatment. (2.5 lb/gal product) 32 oz (0.63 lb) 1% Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH water. or low volatile ester 8 oz (0.125 lb) 0.25% picloram picloram + + 0.5% 2,4-D 16 oz (0.5 lb) 2,4-D, (4 lb/gal product) 4 lb/gal product picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH 24–32 oz (0.25–0.33 lb) 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH 16–24 oz (0.5–0.75 lb) 0.5% dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH VH 32 oz (1 lb) 1% dicamba + 2,4-D amine VH VH or low volatile ester 8 oz (0.25 lb) dicamba 0.25% dicamba + + 24 oz (0.75 lb) 2,4-D, 0.75% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) Threadleaf groundsel metsulfuron methyl VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray; 10– Fall Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 0.4 oz 25 gal water for ground broadcast formulation, these herbicides are not application. Add 32–64 oz of recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH surfactant/100 gal water. weed control. (3:1) 0.5 oz metsulfuron:chlorosulfuron VH (1:1) 0.8 oz metsulfuron methyl VH dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

14 Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common and (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Remarks Weed controlled chemical names, Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant/spot described for individual to apply per acre treatment* plant) Twinleaf senna picloram:2,4-D (1:4), ­— VH Thoroughly wet foliage. Mix Late spring, good Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do (twoleaf senna) (3.8 lb/gal product) 0.63% with water and add 32–64 oz moisture and growth not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. surfactant/100 gal spray mix. conditions picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH (2.5 lb/gal product) 1% picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH 1% dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) VH 1% Upright prairie-coneflower metsulfuron methyl VH — 2–4 gal water for aerial spray. Spring, before flower Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 0.2 oz 10–25 gal water for ground stalk development formulation, these herbicides are not broadcast application. Add 32–64 recommended on bahiagrass pastures for metsulfuron: VH oz surfactant/100 gal water. weed control. chlorosulfuron (3:1) 0.25 oz metsulfuron: VH chlorosulfuron (1:1) 0.4 oz *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 5. Herbicides for Controlling Weeds on Rangeland 15 Table 6. Herbicides for controlling brush on rangeland

Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Ashe juniper hexazinone liquid — VH** — Late winter through Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid, (blueberry cedar) 2 ml/3 ft height or canopy summer picloram or hexazinone pellets diameter, whichever is between the stem base and the greater edge of the canopy. Use an exact delivery handgun applicator to apply hexazinone pellet VH hexazinone liquid and picloram. If 1 pellet/3 ft height or plant size requires more than a single canopy diameter, whichever 2 ml or 4 ml application of hexazinone is greater liquid or picloram, or more than 1 picloram VH hexazinone pellet, apply subsequent 4 ml/3 ft height or canopy applications or pellets equally spaced diameter, whichever is around the plant. Do not use these greater treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. Ashe juniper picloram — VH Thoroughly wet foliage and stems Anytime — (blueberry cedar), cholla, 1% or joints and stems for individual dog cactus, redberry juniper plant treatment. Mix with water and (redberry cedar), tasajillo H rating for cholla add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal spray mix. Baccharis (dryland willow, 2,4-D low volatile ester H H For aerial applications, minimum Spring, when leaves are Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal Roosevelt willow, seep willow 48–96 oz 1% suggested total spray volume is fully expanded and dark product): Do not apply more than 80 or willow baccharis) (1.5–3 lb) 4 gal water for aerial spray; 15–20 green oz/acre per year. (continued on next page) 4 lb/gal product gal water for ground broadcast. For individual plant treatment, thoroughly wet the entire foliage, stems, and trunks. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), ­­— H For individual plant treatment (3.8 lb/gal product) 0.63% thoroughly wet the entire foliage, stems, and trunks. Add 32–64 oz picloram:2,4-D (1:4), ­­— H surfactant/100 gal water. (2.5 lb/gal product) 1% dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) — H 1% triclopyr — VH 1% triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) — VH 0.5% picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) — VH 1% *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

16 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Baccharis (dryland willow, hexazinone liquid — VH** — Late winter–summer Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid, Roosevelt willow, seep willow 2 ml/3 ft height or canopy picloram or hexazinone pellets or willow baccharis) diameter, whichever is between the stem base and the (continued from previous greater edge of the canopy. Use an exact page) delivery handgun applicator to apply hexazinone pellet VH** hexazinone liquid and picloram. If 1 pellet/3 ft height or plant size requires more than a single canopy diameter, whichever 2 ml or 4 ml application of hexazinone is greater liquid or picloram, or more than 1 hexazinone pellet, apply subsequent applications or pellets equally spaced around the plant. Do not use these treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. Baccharis (dryland willow, triclopyr — VH Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk to Anytime—optimum This is a Brush Busters® low volume Roosevelt willow, seep 25% in diesel fuel oil wet the trunk; do not spray to point time is during growing basal application method. A 5500-X1 willow or willow baccharis), of runoff. Apply completely around season when plants adjustable cone nozzle is preferred. Use blackbrush, bois d’arc, the trunk. have mature leaves only on plants with smooth bark and a catclaw acacia, catclaw trunk diameter less than 4 in. For Texas mimosa, Chinese tallowtree, persimmon, apply in spring after leaves elm, greenbriar, hackberry, mature but before June 15. pricklyash (Hercules club), triclopyr — VH Apply to the trunk in a 3- to 4-in.- Anytime—optimum This is commonly called the Texas persimmon (see 25% in diesel fuel oil wide band near ground level or time is during growing streamline basal application method. remarks), winged elm, 10% d,l-limonene at line dividing smooth bark from season when plants Use a straight stream nozzle. Use yaupon (a penetrant) may be added corky bark. Apply completely have mature leaves only on plants with smooth bark and to the mixture—see remarks around the trunk. trunk diameter less than 4 in. Addition of a penetrant to the mixtures aids with coverage around the trunk and increases the control for most species. Trade names for d,l limonene are Quick Step II, AD 100, Cide-Kick II and Cide-Kick. Other penetrants may be effective but have not been tested on rangeland in Texas. For Texas persimmon, apply in spring after leaves mature but before June 15. Bigelow shinoak tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum For individual plant treatment, apply (white shinoak) 7.5 lb pellets 0.5 oz pellets period is Oct 1–Apr 1 pellets evenly on the soil under the (1.5 lb) (0.1 oz)/100 sq ft of ground plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy area edge. Blackberry picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH** VH Use at least 10 gal water/ac, but Apply when leaves are — 48–64 oz 1–2% increased volume up to 25 gal/ fully expanded and the (0.5–0.67 lb) ac will improve coverage, and foliage is dark green, subsequent herbicide penetration either before first flower triclopyr:fluroxypr (3:1) H VH into the plant. Add 32–64 oz or after fruit drop. Do 24–32 oz 0.5–1% surfactant/100 gal spray mix. not treat blackberries (0.75 to 1.0 lb) in the same year after shredding or burning. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 17 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Blackbrush aminopyralid:metsulfuron VH — For aerial applications, suggested Fall applications Because of metsulfuron methyl in the methyl (1:6.2) 3.3 oz total spray volume is a minimum of formulation, these herbicides are not (0.127 lb) 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water emulsion recommended on bahiagrass pastures (1:5 oil-to-water ratio is considered for weed control. optimum), or water + surfactant, crop oil or methylated seed oil. For ground broadcast applications, the suggested total spray volume is 10– 25 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio considered optimum), or water + surfactant, crop oil or methylated seed oil. Blackbrush, guajillo tebuthiuron 20% pellets H VH — Anytime—optimum Use higher rate on deep soils with 10–15 lb pellets 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/45 sq ft period is Oct 1–Apr 1 higher clay content. For individual (2–3 lb) ground area or 2–4 in. stem plant treatment, apply pellets evenly diameter on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. Best results are expected on coarse- textured soils. Blackjack oak, bois d’arc, elm, hexazinone liquid — VH — Late winter–summer Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid hackberry, lotebush, post 4 ml/3 ft canopy diameter or or hexazinone pellets to soil surface oak, pricklyash (Hercules height, whichever is greater between the stem base and the club), whitebrush (beebrush, edge of the canopy. Use an exact hexazinone pellet VH Anytime—optimum beebush), willow, delivery handgun applicator to 2 pellets/3 ft canopy period is Oct 1–Apr 1 winged elm apply hexazinone liquid. If plant size diameter or height, requires more than a single 4 ml whichever is greater application of hexazinone liquid, or 2 hexazinone pellets, apply subsequent applications or pellets equally spaced around the plant. Do not use these treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. Blackjack oak, post oak, tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum For individual plant treatment, apply winged elm 10 lb pellets (2 lb) 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/45 sq ft period is Oct 1–Apr 1 pellets evenly on the soil under the of ground area or 2–4 in. of plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy stem diameter edge. Blackgum, sweetgum and triclopyr:2,4-D (1:2) — H Apply to freshly cut surface of Anytime—best results — other hardwoods 4% in diesel fuel oil stump immediately after cutting. when soil is dry. Burrobrush picloram — VH Thoroughly wet foliage for Apr–Jul Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal 1% individual plant treatment. product): Do not apply more than 80 oz/acre per year. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH (3.8 lb/gal product) 1.3% picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH (2.5 lb/gal product) 2% *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

18 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Catclaw mimosa tebuthiuron 20% pellets H** VH — Anytime—optimum Use only when brush is growing on 3.75 lb pellets (0.75 lb) 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/100 sq period is May 1–Jul 1 in sand, loamy sand or sandy loam soil. ft of ground area or 2–4 in. Trans-Pecos and Oct 1– For individual plant treatment, apply of stem diameter Apr 1 in rest of state pellets evenly on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. Cenizo tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum For individual plant treatment, apply 3.75 lb pellets (0.75 lb) 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/100 sq period is Oct 1–Apr 1 the pellets evenly on soil under the ft of ground area or 2–4 in. plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy of stem diameter edge. Chinese tallowtree picloram:2,4-D (1:4) VH VH 5–15 gal as aerial spray or 10–25 gal Spring or fall Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal (continued on next page) (3.8 lb/gal product) 80 oz (2.4 lb) 0.63% for ground broadcast application. product): Do not apply more than 80 Thoroughly wet foliage for oz/acre per year. picloram:2,4-D (1:4) VH VH individual plant treatment. Add (3.8 lb/gal product) 1 gal (2.5 lb) 1% 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. picloram + 2,4-D amine VH VH 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram + + 64 oz (2 lb) 2,4-D, 0.5% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) VH VH 80 oz (0.84 lb) 1% picloram VH VH 32 oz (0.5 lb) 0.5% picloram + triclopyr VH VH 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram + + 16 oz (0.5 lb) triclopyr 0.25% triclopyr hexazinone liquid — VH — Late winter—summer Apply undiluted Tebuthiuron 4 ml/3 ft canopy diameter or 20% pellets, hexazinone liquid or height, whichever is greater hexazinone pellets to soil between stem base and the edge of the canopy. hexazinone pellets — VH Use an exact delivery handgun 2 pellets/3 ft canopy applicator to apply hexazinone liquid. diameter or height, If plant size requires more than a whichever is greater single 4 ml application of hexazinone tebuthiuron 20% pellets — VH Anytime—optimum liquid, or 2 hexazinone pellets, apply 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/45 sq ft period is Oct 1–Apr 1 subsequent applications or pellets of ground area or 2–4 in. of equally spaced around the plant. stem diameter Do not use these treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. triclopyr — VH** Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk Anytime—optimum Use only on plants with a smooth bark 15% in diesel fuel to wet the bark, but not to point of time is during growing and/or a trunk diameter less than 4 runoff. Apply completely around season when plants in. This is a Brush Busters® low volume the trunk. have mature leaves basal application method. A 5500-X1 nozzle is preferred. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 19 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Chinese tallowtree triclopyr — VH Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk Anytime—optimum Use on plants with rough, corky bark (continued from previous 25% in diesel fuel to wet the bark, but not to point of time is during growing and/or a trunk diameter of 4 in. or page) runoff. Apply completely around season when plants greater. This is a Brush Busters® low the trunk. have mature leaves volume basal application method. A 5500-X1 nozzle is preferred. Christ thorn triclopyr — VH Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal Early summer — 1% water. Thoroughly wet foliage. triclopyr + picloram — VH 0.5% triclopyr + 0.5% picloram Common or eastern dicamba L H Ground broadcast 15–20 gal Spring, when leaves are — persimmon 64 oz (2 lb) 1% water. Thoroughly wet foliage for fully developed individual plant treatment. Add picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) ­— VH 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. 1 to 2%

Creosotebush, tarbush, tebuthiuron 20% pellets H VH — Anytime—optimum Use 5 lb pellets/ac when soil is a loam, whitethorn acacia 3.75–5 lb of pellets 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/100 sq period is May 1–Jul 1 silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam or clay (0.75–1 lb) ft of ground area loam. Use low rate when soil is a sand, loamy sand or sandy loam. Do not treat mountainside or gravelly ridges with slopes of 7% or more. Do not treat if soils have a cation exchange capacity greater than 30 meq/100 grams (commonly called “gyp” soils). For individual plant treatment, apply pellets evenly on soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond the canopy edge. Eastern redcedar picloram — VH** — Spring or fall Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid, 4 ml/3 ft height or canopy picloram or hexazinone pellets to soil diameter, whichever is surface between the stem base and greater the edge of the canopy. Use an exact delivery handgun applicator to apply hexazinone liquid VH Late winter through hexazinone liquid and picloram. If 4 ml/3 ft height or canopy summer plant size requires more than one 4 diameter, whichever is ml application of hexazinone liquid or greater, or 1 in. trunk picloram, or more than 2 hexazinone diameter pellets, apply subsequent applications hexazinone pellet VH or pellets equally spaced around the 2 pellets/3 ft height or plant. Do not use these treatments on canopy diameter, whichever marshy or poorly drained sites nor on is greater, or 1 in. trunk soils classified as clays. Best results are diameter expected on coarse-textured soils. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

20 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Elm, granjeno (spiny tebuthiuron 20% pellets — VH — Anytime during year- Apply pellets evenly on the soil under hackberry), hackberry, ½ oz pellets (1/10 oz) per 45 optimum period is Oct the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond pricklyash, (Hercules club), sq ft of ground area or 2–4 1–Apr 1, except in Trans- canopy edge. yaupon in. of stem diameter Pecos, where optimum period is May 1–July 1 Huisache, lotebush tebuthiuron 20% pellets — L ½ oz pellets (1/10 oz) per 45 sq ft of ground area or 2–4 in. of stem diameter Flameleaf sumac picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH For aerial applications, the Late spring, when Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal (3.8 lb/gal product) 0.63% minimum suggested total spray leaves mature product): Do not apply more than 80 volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water oz/acre per year. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio (2.5 lb/gal product) 1% considered optimum), or water + picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) H VH surfactant, crop oil, or methylated 48–96 oz 0.75% seed oil. For ground broadcast (0.5–1.0 lb) applications, the suggested total spray volume is 10–25 gal/ac. Use picloram H VH oil-in-water emulsion (15 oil-to- 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% water ratio is considered optimum), picloram + triclopyr H VH or water + surfactant, crop oil, or 16 oz (0.25 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram methylated seed oil. Thoroughly + + wet foliage for individual plant 8 oz (0.25 lb) triclopyr 0.25% triclopyr treatments. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- picloram + 2,4-D amine — VH in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% or low volatile ester 0.25% picloram water). + 0.5%, 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product Giant reed imazapyr VH VH Use a minimum 20–30 gal/ac Spray when plants are Do not mow plants for 3–4 mo. after 64 oz 0.5% total volume of ground broadcast actively growing during treatment. When exposure to aquatic (1 lb) applications and a minimum 15 gal/ the summer or fall with environments is possible, use an ac for aerial. When using individual a minimum 3 ft plant herbicide with aquatic label. plant applications, spray plants to height runoff. Add 1% MSO to individual plant treatments and 32 oz/ac for broadcast applications. Greenbriar dicamba + 2,4-D low volatile — H** Thoroughly wet stems with diesel/ Winter Use as dormant stem treatment. ester 1.5% dicamba + 3% 2,4-D herbicide mix. Constant agitation is needed to (4 lb/gal product) in diesel maintain proper mixture. fuel oil Hardwoods with a diameter 2,4-D amine — H Use tree injector or other injecting Summer or winter — of >1 in. except mesquite and Undiluted equipment. Apply in cuts spaced 2 huisache in. apart at base of trees. Apply until 2,4-D runs from each end of cut. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 21 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Honeylocust picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH For aerial applications, the Late spring after Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal (3.8 lb/gal product) 0.63% minimum suggested total spray leaves mature through product): Do not apply more than 80 volume is 5 gal/acre. Use oil-in- summer oz/acre per year. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH water emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water (2.5 lb/gal product) 1% Because of metsulfuron methyl in the ratio considered optimum), or formulation, these herbicides are not aminopyralid:clopyralid H — water plus surfactant, crop oil, or recommended on bahiagrass pastures (1:4.6) 28 oz methylated seed oil. For ground for weed control. (0.61 lb) broadcast applications, the suggested total spray volume is aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) H 20–25 gal/acre. Use oil-in-water 33.6 oz emulsion (15 oil-to-water ratio is (0.98 lb) considered optimum), or water plus picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) M–H surfactant, crop oil, or methylated 48 oz seed oil. Thoroughly wet foliage, (0.5 lb) but not to the point of dripping, for individual plant treatments. Add aminopyralid:metsulfuron M–H 32–64 oz of surfactant per 100 gal. Methyl (1:6.2) 3.3 oz (0.127 lb) Huisache aminopyralid:metsulfuron L — 10–15 gal water as aerial spray; 10–20 Fall, under good Because of metsulfuron methyl in (continued on next page) methyl (1:6.2) 3.3 oz gal water as ground broadcast. Add moisture conditions the formulation, this herbicide is not (0.127 lb) 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed and brush control. aminopyralid:metsulfuron M–H — methyl (1:6.2) + triclopyr 3.3 oz (0.127 lb) aminopyralid:metsulfuron methyl + 16 oz (0.5 lb) triclopyr aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) L — 24–34 oz (0.70–0.98 lb) aminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8) L — + triclopyr 24 oz aminopyralid:2,4-D (0.70 lb) + 16 oz (0.5 lb) triclopyr triclopyr — H Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk to Anytime—optimum This is a Brush Busters® low volume 15% in diesel fuel oil wet the trunk; do not spray to point time is growing season basal application method. A 5500-X1 of runoff. Apply completely around when plants have adjustable cone nozzle is preferred. triclopyr VH the trunk. mature leaves. Use only on plants with smooth bark 25% in diesel fuel oil and a trunk diameter less than 4 in. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

22 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Huisache picloram:2,4-D (1:4), — VH Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 Best results are If plants are shredded, wait until (continued from previous (3.8 lb/gal product) 0.63% gal water. Apply to the leaves. generally obtained in regrowth is 3 ft tall or higher before page) Thoroughly wet foliage, but not to the fall. treatment. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), VH the point of dripping. (2.5 lb/gal product) 1% Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal product): Do not apply more than 80 aminopyralid:clopyralid VH oz/acre per year. (1:4.6) 1% Huisache, retama picloram + triclopyr L–M H For aerial applications, the Spring, with mature When using oil-in-water emulsion, 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram minimum suggested total spray foliage or fall with add an emulsifier to oil for proper + + volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water good soil moisture and emulsion. 16 oz (0.5 lb) triclopyr 0.5% triclopyr emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio foliage considered optimum), or water + picloram + clopyralid L–M H surfactant, crop oil, or methylated 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram seed oil. For ground broadcast + + applications, the suggested total 11 to 21 oz (0.25 to 0.5 lb) 0.5% clopyralid spray volume is 20–25 gal/ac. Use clopyralid oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) L–M H water ratio is considered optimum), 96 oz (1.0 lb) 1% or water + surfactant, crop oil, or methylated seed oil. Thoroughly picloram L–M H wet foliage for individual plant 32 oz (1 lb) 1% treatments. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% water). Lotebush triclopyr — VH Apply to lower 12–18 in. of the trunk Anytime—optimum This is a Brush Busters® low volume 15% in diesel fuel to wet the bark. Do not spray to time is during growing basal application method. Use a point of runoff. Apply completely season when plants 5500X1 adjustable cone nozzle. around the trunk. have mature leaves Macartney rose (mowed and 2,4-D amine L** L 5–15 gal water as aerial spray; 25–30 Spring before Jun 1, Avoid spraying earlier than 9–12 mo. other disturbed stands within 64 oz (2 lb) 1% gal water as ground broadcast. good growth conditions after mowing or when plants have 3 years of disturbance) 4 lb/gal product 4 lb/gal product Thoroughly wet foliage and stems high percentage of new growth. Poor for individual plant treatment. Add control may be expected if plants picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH Spring or fall, good 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. are <3 ft tall when sprayed. Repeat (3.8 lb/gal product) 80 oz (2.4 lb) 0.63% growth conditions treatment when necessary. picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal (2.5 lb/gal product) 1 gal (2.5 lb) 1% product): Do not apply more than 80 picloram + 2,4-D amine H VH oz/acre per year. or low volatile ester 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram + + 64 oz (2 lb) 2,4-D, 0.5% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product 4 lb/gal product 2,4-D low volatile ester L L Fall, under good 64 oz (2 lb) 1% moisture conditions, 4 lb/gal product 4 lb/gal product before Nov 1 *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 23 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Macartney rose (undisturbed 2,4-D amine L L 5–15 gal water as aerial spray; 25–30 Spring, before June 1, Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal stands) 1 gal (4 lb) 1% gal water as ground broadcast. good growth conditions product): Do not apply more than 80 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) Thoroughly wet foliage and stems oz/acre per year. for individual plant treatment. Add picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH Spring or fall, good 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. (3.8 lb/gal product) 80 oz (2.4 lb) 0.63% growth conditions picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH (2.5 lb/gal product) 1 gal (2.5 lb) 1% picloram + 2,4-D amine or H VH low volatile ester 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.25% picloram + + 64 oz (2 lb) 2,4-D, 0.5% 2,4-D 4 lb/gal product (4 lb/gal product) 2,4-D low volatile ester L L 5–15 gal water as aerial spray; 25–30 Fall, good moisture — 96 oz (3 lb) 1% (4 lb/gal product) gal water as ground broadcast. conditions, before 4 lb/gal product Thoroughly wet foliage and stems Nov 1 for individual plant treatment. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. Mesquite, huisache hexazinone liquid — M–H** — Late winter–summer Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid 4–8 ml/3 ft of canopy or hexazinone pellets to soil surface diameter or height, between the stem base and the whichever is greater edge of the canopy. Use an exact delivery handgun applicator to hexazinone pellet M–H apply hexazinone liquid. If plant 2–4 pellets/3 ft of canopy size requires more than a single 4 ml diameter or height, application of hexazinone liquid, or 2 whichever is greater hexazinone pellets, apply subsequent applications or pellets equally spaced around the plant. Do not use these treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

24 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Mesquite (basal stem triclopyr — VH Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk to Anytime—optimum This is a Brush Busters® low volume diameter ≤1.5 in. ) 15% in diesel fuel oil wet the trunk; do not spray to point time is during growing basal application method. Use a or basal bark oil of runoff. Apply completely around season when plants 5500X1 adjustable cone nozzle. Use the trunk. have mature leaves only on plants with smooth bark and a Mesquite (basal stem triclopyr VH trunk diameter <4 in. diameter >1.5 in.) 25% in diesel fuel oil or basal bark oil Mesquite (basal stem triclopyr — VH — Anytime—optimum is This is commonly called the streamline diameter ≤1.5 in.) 15% in diesel fuel oil in the growing season basal application method. Use a 10% d,l limonene (a when the leaves are straight stream nozzle. Use only on penetrant) may be added to mature plants with smooth bark and a trunk the mixture—see remarks diameter <4 in. Add a penetrant to the mixture to improve coverage around Mesquite (basal stem triclopyr — VH the trunk. Trade names for d,l limonene diameter >1.5 in.) 25% in diesel fuel oil are Quick Step II, Cide-Kick, Cide-Kick II 10% d,l limonene (a and AD 100. Other penetrants may be penetrant) may be added to effective but have not been tested on the mixture—see remarks rangelands in Texas. Mesquite (seedlings and triclopyr — VH Apply to the lower 12–18 in. of trunk May–Aug This is a Brush Busters® low volume saplings) 5% in diesel fuel oil to point of runoff but not to the basal application method. Use a point of puddling. 5500X1 adjustable cone nozzle. Mesquite, huisache, twisted diesel fuel oil, kerosene — H Apply to the base of the trunk from Anytime the soil is dry Apply sufficient oil to penetrate to the acacia 12–18 in. above soil surface down to and pulled away from plant bud zone. Diesel fuel oil does not soil surface. Apply until the solution the trunk evaporate as fast as does kerosene. triclopyr VH puddles on the soil surface. 2% in diesel fuel oil Mesquite, Christ thorn triclopyr — VH** Thoroughly spray the cut surface Anytime, except when This is a Brush Busters® cut-stump and other hardwoods (cut 15% in diesel fuel oil or basal as well as the bark from the cut to snow or water prevents application method. Apply with a stumps) bark oil ground level but not to the point spraying to the ground backpack or knapsack sprayer using (continued on next page) of runoff. line low pressures and an adjustable cone nozzle (5500X1 to 5500X3). Hydraulic shears equipped with a large orifice nozzle such as a 5500X12 can also be used for this method. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 25 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Mesquite aminopyralid:clopyralid H VH For aerial applications, the Late spring–mid- Use 16 oz/ac picloram + 8 oz/ac (continued from previous (1:4.6) 28 oz 1% minimum suggested total spray summer with mature triclopyr, 8 oz/ac dicamba + 8 oz/ac page) (0.61 lb) volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water (dark green) leaves. triclopyr, 16 oz/ac picloram + 8 oz/ac emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio Optimum period dicamba, 16 oz/ac picloram + 11 oz/ac clopyralid M–H VH considered optimum), or water + begins when soil clopyralid and 11 oz/ac clopyralid only 11–21 oz 1% surfactant, crop oil, or methylated temperature at a depth in West Texas. Dicamba and dicamba (0.25–0.5 lb) seed oil. For ground broadcast of 12 in. reaches 75°F mixtures have been more effective triclopyr + picloram M M–H applications, the suggested total and continues for in West Texas than in other parts of 8–16 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% triclopyr spray volume is 10–25 gal/ac. Use 45 days thereafter. the state. Use mixtures that include 4 triclopyr + oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- When clopyralid is oz/ac triclopyr and 5 oz/ac clopyralid + 0.5% picloram water ratio is considered optimum), used alone or in a only in Bandera, Blanco, Bosque, 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) or water + surfactant, crop oil, or tank mix, the period Burnet, Coryell, Edwards, Hood, picloram methylated seed oil. Thoroughly should continue for Kendall, Lampasas, Montague, Parker, wet foliage for individual plant 60 days. For optimum Real, Somervell, Val Verde, and Wise triclopyr + dicamba L M treatments. Add 32–64 oz root kill, do not spray Counties and the counties north and 8–16 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% triclopyr surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- if white flowers or west of the named counties. Mixtures triclopyr + in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% bean elongation are that include 8 oz triclopyr and 11 oz + 0.5% dicamba water). observable, if >25% clopyralid will give better control 8–16 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) of the leaf canopy than mixtures with 4 oz triclopyr and dicamba is damaged due to 5 oz clopyralid. When using oil-in- triclopyr + clopyralid M–H VH insects, disease or hail, water emulsion, use emulsifier added 4–16 oz 0.5% triclopyr if soil temperatures are to oil for proper emulsion. Use of a (0.125–0.5 lb) triclopyr + less than 75°F 1 ft deep, treatment with a low-control rating + 0.5% clopyralid or if new vegetative may result in a multi-stem growth 5–11 oz growth is present due form that may be more difficult to (0.125–0.25 lb) clopyralid to recent rains. control in the future. picloram + dicamba M H 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% picloram picloram + + 0.5% dicamba 8–16 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) dicamba picloram + clopyralid M–H VH 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% picloram picloram + + 0.5% clopyralid 11–21 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) clopyralid triclopyr + clopyralid + M–H** — — — Recommended for mixtures of picloram 4–8 oz (0.125–0.25 lb) mesquite and pricklypear or tasajillo triclopyr cactus. The tank mix of aminopyralid: + clopyralid plus picloram also controls 5–11 oz (0.125–0.25 lb) mesquite better in South Texas mixed clopyralid brush habitat than does aminopyrlid: + clopyralid alone. 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

26 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Mesquite aminopyrlid:clopyralid H — — — Recommended for mixtures of (continued from previous + picloram 28 oz (0.61 lb) mesquite and pricklypear or tasajillo page) aminopyrlid: Clopyrlid cactus. The tank mix of aminopyralid: + 32 oz (0.5 lb) clopyralid plus picloram also controls picloram mesquite better in South Texas mixed brush habitat than does aminopyrlid: clopyralid alone. clopyralid (see remarks) H VH — Aug 1–Sep 30 with a soil Use only in Bandera, Blanco, Burnet, 21 oz (0.5 lb) 1% temperature of 75°F or Coryell, Edwards, Kendall, Lampasas, more at a depth of 12 Montague, Real, Val Verde, and Wise in. Do not apply after a Counties and the counties north and frost has occurred. west of the named counties. picloram — VH Applied with a carpeted roller. Late spring–Aug with Mesquite should be <6 ft tall and 1 gal (2 lb) mature (dark green) should pass under carpeted roller leaves. Best control without breaking the main stem. Mix clopyralid — VH during the period recommended quantity of herbicide 84 oz (2 lb) that begins when soil with water to make 8 gal mixture. Add picloram + clopyralid — VH temperature at a depth 3–6 oz surfactant for each 8 gal mixed. 64 oz (1 lb) picloram of 12 in. reaches 75°F + and continued for 45 43 oz (1 lb) clopyralid days thereafter; when clopyralid is used alone or in a tank mix the period should continue for 60 days after soil temperature reaches 75°F. Mesquite (suppression 2,4-D amine or low volatile L M For aerial applications, the Late spring–mid- Treatments will control many weeds. and weed control) ester 32–28 oz (2–4 lb) 2% (4 lb/gal product) minimum suggested total spray summer with mature When using oil-in-water emulsion, use (continued on next page) volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water (dark green) leaves. emulsifier. Use of a treatment with a picloram:2,4-D (1:4), L — emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio Optimum period begins low control rating may result in multi- (3.8 lb/gal product) 20–32 oz (0.6–0.9 lb) considered optimum), or water + when soil temperature stem growth form that may be more picloram:2,4-D (1:4), L surfactant, crop oil or methylated at a depth of 12 in. difficult to control in the future. (2.5 lb/gal product) 32–48 oz seed oil. For ground broadcast reaches 75°F and Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal (0.6–0.9 lb) applications, the suggested total continues for 45 days product): Do not apply more than 80 spray volume is 10–25 gal/ac. Use thereafter. oz/acre per year. dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) L oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- If treatment is applied 32–48 oz water ratio considered optimum), before optimum soil Because of metsulfuron methyl in the (1–1.5 lb) or water + surfactant, crop oil or temperatures, efficacy formulation, these herbicides are not metsulfuron methyl L methylated seed oil. Thoroughly rates will be lower and recommended on bahiagrass pastures dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 1–Rate 2 wet foliage for individual plant multiple applications for weed control. treatments. Add 32–64 oz over a period of years picloram + 2,4-D amine L surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- may be necessary to or low volatile ester 8–2 oz (0.125–0.1875 lb) in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% maintain less than 10% picloram + 32–48 oz water). canopy cover. (1–1.5 lb) 2,4-D, 4 lb/gal product *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 27 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Mesquite (suppression dicamba + 2,4-D amine L — For aerial applications, the Late spring–mid- Treatments will control many weeds. and weed control) or low volatile ester 8 to 12 oz (0.25–0.375 lb) minimum suggested total spray summer with mature When using oil-in-water emulsion, use (continued from previous dicamba + 24–36 oz volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water (dark green) leaves. emulsifier. Use of a treatment with a page) (0.75–1.125 lb) 2,4-D, emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio Optimum period begins low control rating may result in multi- 4 lb/gal product considered optimum), or water + when soil temperature stem growth form that may be more surfactant, crop oil or methylated at a depth of 12 in. difficult to control in the future. seed oil. For ground broadcast reaches 75°F and Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal applications, the suggested total continues for 45 days product): Do not apply more than 80 spray volume is 10–25 gal/ac. Use thereafter. oz/acre per year. oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- If treatment is applied water ratio considered optimum), before optimum soil Because of metsulfuron methyl in the or water + surfactant, crop oil or temperatures, efficacy formulation, these herbicides are not methylated seed oil. Thoroughly rates will be lower and recommended on bahiagrass pastures wet foliage for individual plant multiple applications for weed control. treatments. Add 32–64 oz over a period of years surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- may be necessary to in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% maintain less than 10% water). canopy cover. triclopyr L M 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% dicamba L M 16–32 oz (0.5–1 lb) 1% Mesquite, western honey triclopyr + clopyralid — VH Thoroughly wet foliage for Begin spraying in Western honey mesquite is most 0.5% triclopyr individual plant treatment. Add 32– the spring after the common in the western part of the + 64 oz surfactant/100 gal water or 5 soil temperature has Trans-Pecos region of Texas. This 0.5% clopyralid gal of diesel fuel oil/100 gal spray reached 75°F, at 12 variety of mesquite is not usually mix (1:19 oil-in-water emulsion). Oil- in. deep. This often killed by broadcast sprays. in-water emulsion requires use of coincides with the emulsifier. change in the foliage from a light pea green to a uniform dark green. The spray period will last through September. Mixed brush—South Texas picloram + triclopyr M** H For aerial applications, the Late spring–mid- The mixture of 32 oz picloram + 21 (includes several of the 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram minimum suggested total spray summer with mature oz clopyralid or 32 oz picloram + 28 following: blackbrush, + + volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water (dark green) leaves. oz aminopyrlid:clopyralid will usually catclaw acacia, granjeno or 16 oz (0.5 lb) triclopyr 0.5% triclopyr emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio Optimum period of provide better results than the 32 oz spiny hackberry, guajillo, considered optimum), or water + application begins picloram + 11 oz clopyralid mixture. huisache, mesquite, surfactant, crop oil, or methylated when soil temperature Mixtures will control most weeds. pricklypear, retama, seed oil. For ground broadcast at a depth of 12 in. When using oil-in-water emulsion, skunkbush, tasajillo, twisted applications, the suggested total reaches 75°F and use emulsifier added to oil for proper acacia spray volume is 20–25 gal/ac. Use continues for 45 days emulsion. (continued on next page) oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- thereafter; with the water ratio is considered optimum), clopyralid tank mix the or water + surfactant, crop oil, or period should continue methylated seed oil. Thoroughly for 60 days after soil wet foliage for individual plant temperature reaches treatments. Add 32–64 oz 75°F. If mesquite has surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- 10% canopy cover or in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% less, application may be water). made in spring or fall. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

28 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Mixed brush—South Texas picloram + clopyralid M H For aerial applications, the Late spring–mid- The mixture of 32 oz picloram + 21 (includes several of the 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram minimum suggested total spray summer with mature oz clopyralid or 32 oz picloram + 28 following: blackbrush, + + volume is 4 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water (dark green) leaves. oz aminopyrlid:clopyralid will usually catclaw acacia, granjeno or 11–21 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 0.5% clopyralid emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio Optimum period of provide better results than the 32 oz spiny hackberry, guajillo, clopyralid considered optimum), or water + application begins picloram + 11 oz clopyralid mixture. huisache, mesquite, surfactant, crop oil, or methylated when soil temperature Mixtures will control most weeds. picloram + dicamba M H pricklypear, retama, seed oil. For ground broadcast at a depth of 12 in. When using oil-in-water emulsion, 32 oz (0.5 lb) picloram 0.5% picloram skunkbush, tasajillo, twisted applications, the suggested total reaches 75°F and use emulsifier added to oil for proper + + acacia spray volume is 20–25 gal/ac. Use continues for 45 days emulsion. 16 oz (0.5 lb) dicamba 0.5% dicamba (continued from previous oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to- thereafter; with the page) aminopyralid:clopyralid + M — water ratio is considered optimum), clopyralid tank mix the picloram 28 oz (0.61 lb) or water + surfactant, crop oil, or period should continue aminopyrlid:clopyralid methylated seed oil. Thoroughly for 60 days after soil + wet foliage for individual plant temperature reaches 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) treatments. Add 32–64 oz 75°F. If mesquite has picloram surfactant/100 gal water or an oil- 10% canopy cover or in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% less, application may be aminopyralid:clopyralid + M — water). made in spring or fall. triclopyr 28 oz (0.61 lb) aminopyrlid:clopyralid + 8–32 oz (0.25–0.75 lb) triclopyr Mixed brush—Davis tebuthiuron 20% pellets M** H — Anytime—optimum Use 10 lb pellets/ac when soil is a Mountains (includes catclaw 7.5–10 lb of pellets 0.5 oz of pellets (0.1 oz)/ period is May 1–Jul 1 loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam acacia, catclaw mimosa and (1.5–2 lb) 50–100 sq ft of ground area or clay loam. Use low rate when soil whitebrush) is a sand, loamy sand or sandy loam. For individual plant treatment apply pellets evenly on soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond the canopy edge. Mohrs shinoak tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum Use only when oak stand is 5 lb of pellets (1 lb) 0.5 oz of pellets (0.1 oz)/ period is Oct 1–Apr 1 predominantly Mohrs shinoak. 100 sq ft of ground area These stands are generally found in Coke, Mitchell, Nolan, Sterling, and Taylor Counties. For individual plant treatment, apply pellets evenly on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 29 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Pricklypear, tasajillo picloram H** VH For aerial applications, the minimum Anytime—best Use emulsifier when adding diesel 16–32 oz (0.25–0.5 lb) 1% suggested total spray volume is 4 results have been fuel oil-to-water. Use 1 pt/ac picloram picloram:fluroxypyr (1:1) H VH gal/ac. Use oil-in-water emulsion obtained with late only on High Plains where no brush 64 oz (0.67 lb) 1% (1:5 oil-to-water ratio considered summer through fall overstory is present. Late summer optimum), or water + surfactant, applications or fall applications, especially with picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH crop oil, or methylated seed oil. fluroxypyr, will provide best results, (3.8 lb/gal product) 80 oz (2.4 lb) 1.3% For ground broadcast applications, but aerially spray in the winter or early the suggested total spray volume spring if heavy overstory of woody is 10–25 gal/ac. Use oil-in-water plants is present or if damage to live emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water ratio is oak is a concern. considered optimum), or water + Picloram:2,4-D (1:4), (3.8 lb/gal picloram:2,4-D (1:4), H VH surfactant, crop oil, or methylated product): Do not apply more than 80 (2.5 lb/gal product) 1 gal (2.5 lb) 2% seed oil. Thoroughly wet foliage for oz/acre per year. triclopyr: fluroxypyr (3:1) — VH individual plant treatments. Add 1% 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water or fluroxypyr — VH an oil-in-water emulsion (5% diesel 0.5% + 95% water). prescribed burn + VH** VH For individual plant treatment, After burn, when new Carry out prescribed burn Dec–Mar. picloram 8–16 oz 1% thoroughly wet all pads and pads are 3 in. tall. If new Sufficient fine fuel with good fuel (0.125–0.25 lb) crowns that survive the fire. Use pads do not develop, continuity should be present to a water carrier and add 32–64 oz spray by Apr 30. provide a uniform burn with moderate surfactant/100 gal water. to high intensity. Spray the burned area within 5 mo. of the burn but no later than Apr 30 (May 31 if new pads do not develop by Apr 30). Use 8 oz picloram when the prescribed burn is sufficiently intense to brown-out most pricklypear pads with <10% of the pricklypear green 2 wk after the burn. Use 16 oz picloram following moderate-intensity burn with more than 10% of the pricklypear green 2 wk after the burn. The prescribed burn + picloram treatment is not recommended for the Rio Grande Plains land resource area. Redberry juniper (redberry hexazinone liquid — VH — Late winter–summer Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid cedar) (plants <6 ft tall) 2 ml/3 ft height or hexazinone pellets to soil surface (continued on next page) or canopy diameter between the stem base and the (whichever is greater) edge of the canopy. Use an exact delivery handgun applicator to apply hexazinone liquid. If plant size requires more than a single 2 or 4 ml application of hexazinone liquid, or 1 hexazinone pellet, apply subsequent applications or pellets equally spaced around the plant. Do not use these treatments on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

30 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Redberry juniper (redberry hexazinone pellet — VH — Late winter–summer Apply undiluted hexazinone liquid cedar) (plants <6 ft tall) 1 pellet/3 ft height or or hexazinone pellets to soil surface (continued from previous canopy diameter (whichever between the stem base and the page) is greater) edge of the canopy. Use an exact delivery handgun applicator to hexazinone liquid H apply hexazinone liquid. If plant size (plants >6 ft tall) 4 ml/3 ft height or canopy requires more than a single 2 or 4 ml diameter (whichever is application of hexazinone liquid, or 1 greater) hexazinone pellet, apply subsequent hexazinone pellet H applications or pellets equally spaced (plants >6 ft tall) 2 pellets/3 ft of height or around the plant. Do not use these canopy diameter (whichever treatments on marshy or poorly is greater) drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Best results are expected on coarse-textured soils. picloram — VH** — Spring–fall, before Apply undiluted picloram to the 4 ml/3 ft of height or canopy expected rainfall stem base at or near the ground diameter (whichever is line. Use an exact delivery handgun greater) applicator to apply the 4 ml dose. If plant size requires more than a single 4 ml application, space subsequent applications equally around the plant. Do not use on marshy or poorly drained sites nor on soils classified as clays. Redberry juniper picloram — VH Spray the sides of the stump and the Anytime, except when This is commonly called the cut (cut stumps) 4% in water cut surface, including the cambium, snow or water prevent stump application method. Apply immediately after cutting, to spraying to the ground with a backpack or knapsack sprayer thoroughly wet the stem and root line using low pressures and a solid cone collar area, but not to the point of or flat fan nozzle. Add 32–64 oz runoff. Add 32–64 oz surfactant to surfactant/100 gal water. 100 gal spray mix. Running live oak tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum Use low rate on brush 2–8 ft tall. Use 5–10 lb pellets 0.5 oz pellets (0.1 oz)/50–100 period is Oct 1–Apr 1 7.5 lb pellets/ac when brush is 2–8 ft (1–2 lb) sq ft of ground area tall on rolling or hummocking site and when live oak plants are 8 ft or taller without understory species such as yaupon. Use 10 lb pellets/ac when live oak plants are taller than 8 ft and an understory of yaupon and other species is present. For individual plant treatment, apply pellets evenly on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 31 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Sacahuista tebuthiuron 20% pellets — H — Anytime—optimum Apply pellets evenly on the soil under 0.25 oz pellets (0.05 oz)/ period is Oct 1–Apr 1 the plant canopy near the stem base. plant except in Trans-Pecos, where optimum period is May 1–Jul 1 Saltcedar imazapyr VH** VH Minimum 10 gal/ac for aerial Jul–Sep, or until leaves When exposure to aquatic 64 oz (1 lb) 1% or ground broadcast sprays. begin to turn yellow environments is possible use aquatic Thoroughly wet foliage for labels of imazapyr and glyphosate imazapyr + glyphosate VH VH individual plant treatment. Add (see Table 2). Imazapyr alone or in 32 oz (0.5 lb) imazapyr 0.5% imazapyr 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water. combination with glyphosate will + + cause damage to desirable plants if 16 oz (0.5 lb) glyphosate 0.5% glyphosate contacted by the spray mix. triclopyr — VH Apply to lower 12–18 in. of trunk to Growing season when This is a Brush Busters® low volume 25% in diesel fuel oil wet the trunk; do not spray to point trees have mature basal application method. Use a of runoff. Apply completely around leaves hollow cone nozzle with XI orifice. the trunk. Sand sagebrush 2,4-D low volatile ester H VH For aerial applications, the minimum May 1–Jun 15 under Do not spray when plants are 32 oz (1 lb) 4 lb/gal product 1% (4 lb/gal product) suggested total spray volume is 4 good growth conditions defoliated by late freeze, hail, or {up to 64 oz (2 lb) for ground gal/ac. Use oil-in-water emulsion with plants fully leafed unfavorable growth conditions. broadcast} (1:5 oil-to-water ratio considered Because of metsulfuron methyl in the optimum), or water + surfactant, crop metsulfuron methyl H — formulation, these herbicides are not oil, or methylated seed oil. For ground dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 1 metsulfuron methyl recommended on bahiagrass pastures broadcast applications, the suggested + dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) for weed control. total spray volume is 20–25 gal/ac. Use 2,4-D low volatile ester + oil-in-water emulsion (1:5 oil-to-water 16 oz (0.5 lb) 2, 4-D ratio is considered optimum), or water 4 lb/gal product + surfactant, crop oil, or methylated seed oil. Thoroughly wet foliage for individual plant treatments. Add 32–64 oz surfactant/100 gal water or an oil-in-water emulsion (5% diesel + 95% water). Sand shinnery oak tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH VH — Anytime—optimum Use 3.75 lb pellets/ac in southern 3.75–5 lb of pellets 0.5 oz of pellets (0.1 oz) period is Oct 1–Apr 1 High Plains and Rolling Plains. Use 5 lb (0.75–1 lb) per 100 sq ft of ground area except in Trans-Pecos pellets/ac in eastern Panhandle north where optimum period of Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red is May 1–Jul 1 River. For individual plant treatment, apply pellets evenly on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. tebuthiuron 80DF H–VH — Apply by mixing with water and Anytime­—optimum Use the closer spacing of nozzles 1.25 lb (1.0 lb) using ground equipment equipped period is Oct 1–Apr 1 when treating high densities of sand with straight stream nozzles spaced except in Trans-Pecos shinnery. Applications will result in 3–6 ft apart delivering a total spray where optimum period damage to grass directly under each volume of 20–30 gal/ac. is May 1–Jul 1 nozzle that can persist for 1–3 yr. Agitation is important to dissolve and maintain tebuthiuron 80DF in solution during application. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

32 Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Saw palmetto metsulfuron methyl H–VH — For ground broadcast applications, Mid–late summer Rate 2 applications generally result in dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 or Rate 3 the suggested total spray volume (August) “high” control levels the first year after (see remarks) is 15–30 gal/ac. Use water + treatment, improving to “very high” surfactant, crop oil or methylated by the second year after treatment. seed oil. Rate 3 applications can be expected to produce “very high” control levels by the first year after treatment. Do not mow treated areas for at least 1 year. Because of metsulfuron methyl in the formulation, these herbicides are not recommended on bahiagrass pastures for weed control. Whitebrush tebuthiuron 20% pellets VH** VH — Anytime—optimum Use 5 lb pellets/ac on sand, loamy sand (beebrush, beebush) 5–7.5 lb of pellets 0.5 oz of pellets (0.1 oz)/ period is Oct 1–Apr 1 or sandy loam soils. Use 6.25 lb pellets/ (1–1.5 lb) 50–100 sq ft of ground area except in Trans-Pecos, ac on soils with 20 to 30 percent clay. where optimum period Use 7.5 lb pellets/ac on areas with grass is May 1–Jul 1 production >1,500 lb/ac or on areas where mesquite, Texas persimmon or other woody plants have a canopy cover of 20% or more with whitebrush that is 6 ft tall or taller. For individual plant treatment apply pellets evenly on the soil under the plant canopy and 1 ft beyond canopy edge. Yucca triclopyr — H Spray the center of each individual Anytime Complete coverage of leaves is not (continued on next page) 2% in diesel fuel oil whorl of leaves to the point of necessary. The crown of each plant runoff. must be thoroughly wet with the herbicide mixture. H May–Sep Use emulsifier and agitate to maintain 2% in 1:5 diesel fuel oil:water emulsion. Complete coverage of emulsion leaves is not necessary. The crown of each plant must be thoroughly wet with the herbicide mixture. VH Use an adjustable cone nozzle (X1 Spring–summer Direct spray into the center of each 15% in diesel fuel oil orifice) and spray a 2-second burst whorl. into each whorl. H Use an exact delivery handgun set Undiluted at 2 or 4 ml/whorl dose. 2–4 ml per plant whorl VH Use an adjustable cone nozzle (XI Undiluted orifice) and spray a 2-second burst into each whorl. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

Table 6. Herbicides for Controlling Brush on Rangeland 33 Herbicide quantity Spray volume Herbicide (common (active ingredient rate in parenthesis) (per acre for broadcast, as Time Brush controlled and chemical names, Remarks described for individual to apply Table 2) Broadcast rate Individual plant per acre treatment* plant) Yucca metsulfuron methyl H — Crop oil concentrate, modified Spring–fall before frost A second follow-up application of (continued from previous dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) Rate 2 metsulfuron methyl seed oil or modified seed oil/ metsulfuron methyl dicamba:2,4-D page) + dicamba:2,4-D(1:3) organosilicone are the preferred (1:3) at Rate 1 or Rate 2 + 2,4-D low 2,4-D low volatile ester + adjuvants. For aerial applications, volatile ester at 0.5–0.75 lb a.i./ac 16–24 oz 2,4-D a minimum of 4 gal/ac total spray within 2 yr of the initial application (4 lb a.i./gal product) volume is recommended. may be required to control yucca metsulfuron: H — seedlings and regrowth from chlorosulfuron (3:1) 0.675 oz metsulfuron: rootstocks. + chlorosulfuron (3:1) Because of metsulfuron methyl in the 2,4-D low volatile ester + formulation, these herbicides are not 32 oz 2,4-D recommended on bahiagrass pastures (4 lb a.i./gal product) for weed control. *See Table 4 for mixing information. **Treatment control ratings: VH – Very High; H – High; M – Moderate; L – Low

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