DOCSLIB.ORG

George Washington and the Frontier: a Brief Overview of His Experiences with Native Americans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
George Washington and the Frontier: a Brief Overview of His Experiences with Native Americans George Washington and the Frontier: A Brief Overview of His Experiences with Native Americans A Talk Given at a Brown-Bag Lunch at Anderson House, The Headquarters of the Society of the Cincinnati In Washington, DC May 8, 2003 By Mary V. Thompson Research Specialist Mount Vernon Ladies Association Say the word, "frontiersman," and what picture comes to mind? If you are of my generation, I'd almost be willing to bet it was either Fess Parker as Daniel Boone or Davy Crockett, with that catchy tune from the Disney movie-you remember, "King of the Wild Frontier"-playing in the background in your mind. It almost assuredly wasn't George Washington-the elegant gentleman most famously depicted by artist Gilbert Stuart, with his white powdered hair and black silk suit. George Washington was not, however, always that esteemed elderly figure on the dollar bill. While he was not born in a log cabin, Washington spent about ten years of his young adult life on the frontier, first as a surveyor and then as a soldier. Later in life, he made two extended visits back to the frontier with an old friend, who had shared many of those early experiences with him, and throughout his career, even during the American Revolution and his presidency, the frontier figured prominently in his plans for the country. There were many things that Washington learned from the frontier, but, given the very short amount of time we have today, I'd like I to focus on one aspect of his experiences, in which we can find evidence of Washington's transformation from a rather wide-eyed and petty teenager into a statesman, and even something of a visionary, specifically his dealings with Native Americans. George Washington's first recorded encounter with Native Americans occurred when he was sixteen years old, on Wednesday, the 23'd of March, 1748, during his first surveying trip for Lord Fairfax. His party had reached the home of noted frontiersman and Indian trader, Thomas Cresap, on Monday of that week, after traveling in the rain over what Washington described as, "1 believe the Worst Road that ever was trod by Man or Beast." Continued rain kept them at Cresap's all day Tuesday, and most of the day on Wednesday. Shortly after it stopped at about 2:00 that afternoon, he noted that "we were agreeably surpris'd at the sight of thirty odd Indians coming from War with only one Scalp." The travelers shared some liquor with the newcomers, which, "elevating there Spirits put them in the Humour of Dauncing of whom we had a War Daunce." This must have been pretty exciting for the young man, who then proceeded to describe the ensuing music and dancing: "... There Manner of Dauncing is as follows ... They clear a Large Circle & make a great Fire in the Middle then seats themselves around it[.] the Speaker makes a grand Speech telling them in what Manner they are to Daunce[.] after he has finish'd the best Dauncer Jumps up as one awaked out of a Sleep & Runs & Jumps about the Ring in a most comicle Manner[.] he is followed by the Rest[.] then begins there Musicians to Play[.] the Musick is a Pot half 2 of Water with a Deerskin Streched over it as tight as it can & a goard with some Shott in it to Rattle & a Piece of an horses Tail tied to it to make it look fine[.] the one keeps Rattling and the other Drumming all the While the others is Dauncing.": While he initially found the Indians colorful, and even "comicle," the young Washington did not have a high opinion ofthem, or for that matter, any of the settlers, especially the Germans, who had moved into the area from Pennsylvania. At one point on his first surveying trip, Washington's party was hampered in their work by some of the Germans, " ... "a great Company of People Men Women & Children ... attended us through the Woods as we went shewing there Antick tricks." The sixteen- year old Washington was not very impressed, confiding in his journal that: "...Ireally think they seem to be as Ignorant a Set of People as the Indians. They would never speak English but when spoken to they speak all Dutch.,,2 He was shocked to discover, in the home of a local official, that "there was neither a Cloth upon the Table nor a Knife to eat with," that there were cabins where everyone slept on the floor in front of the fire, piled together "like a Parcel of Dogs or Catts," and even more 1 Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, editors, The Diaries of George Washington, 6 volumes (Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1976-1979), 1:12-15; Albert Cook Myers, The Boy George Washington Aged 16, His Own Account of an Iroquois Indian Dance, 1748 (philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Publisbed by Albert Cook Myers, 1932),61-63. For more on Thomas Cresap, see Myers, The Boy George Washington, 18-23,35-58. 2 Jackson and Twohig, The Diories of George Washington, 1:18. 3 pointedly complained to one friend about being "amongst a parcel of Barbarian's and an uncouth set ofPeople.,,3 During the course of his career on the frontier, Washington frequently met with Indian leaders to ask for their cooperation with, or even more active help for, the army. One feature of many of these meetings was the exchange of belts made of wampum (small beads formed of seashell), which were used by the Iroquois to record historical events, treaties, and diplomatic agreements." Although he chafed at the delays inherent in diplomacy with Native Americans, he showed sensitivity to their sensibilities and customs, or at least recognized that diplomacy was an important factor in carrying out his various assigrunents, and seemed to understand the importance of wampum in their culture.' Early in the French and Indian War, for example, Washington met with two Iroquois leaders, from whom he gathered information about such things as the numbers and locations of French forts, as well as intelligence concerning individuals taken prisoner by the French. Although Washington soon wanted to proceed on the mission 3 For the lack of table linens and cutlery, see Jackson and Twohig, The Diaries a/George Washington, I: 15. For sleeping on the floor and the quote about barbarians, see George Washington to Richard __ , [1749-1750], in John C. Fitzpatrick, editor, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-/799, 39 volumes (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1931-1944), 1:17. 4 Jackson and Twohig, The Diaries of George Washington, I: 133, 140, 141, 142; The Editors of Time-Life Books, Realm of the Iroquois (Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1993),66-75. 'Jackson and Twohig, The Diaries of George Washington, 1:142. 4 which had brought the three men together, he wrote that, "As I found it impossible to get off without affronting them in the most egregious Manner, I consented to stay.:" Almost twenty years later, as Washington and his long-time friend, Dr. James Craik, traveled along the Ohio River, they met an Iroquois hunting party, led by a man named Kiashuta, who had been with Washington during the early days ofthe French and Indian War. Washington recorded that this band "treated us with great kindness" and shared with them a quarter from a "very fine Buffalo." Washington's party spent the night with the Indians, during which time "much Councelling" went on, and the next morning the two groups talked about the possibility of furthering trade between the Virginians and the Iroquois. Washington promised to tell the governor of the colony about their desire for increased trade, as well as "their friendly disposition towards the white People." Privately, however, he expressed to his diary his frustration with the "tedious ceremony which the Indians observe in their Councellings & speeches," which kept them from getting started on their journey until nine o'clock in the morning.' A little over a week later, the two groups met up again, leading Washington to comment that through "the kindness, and Idle ceremony of the Indians, I was detaind at Kiashutas Camp all the 6 Jackson and Twohig, The Diaries of George Washington, 1:138-t40. 7 Jackson and Twohig, The Diaries of George Washington, 2:304. 5 remaing. part of this day." On a positive note, however, the two men were able to have "a good deal of conversation ... on the Subject of Land," a topic always close to Washington's heart' During his years on the frontier, Washington also came to know the horrors of warfare between British settlers and Native Americans. While stopping at one home, he and a companion, Christopher Gist, a well-known frontiersman, met with 20 Indian warriors, who told them about the massacre of a family of settlers by the French and some of their Indian allies: "... they found People kill'd & Scalpt, all but one Woman with very Light Hair, they [the warriors who had found the bodies] turn'd about; & ran back, for fear of the Inhabitants rising & takeing them as the Authors of the Murder: They report that the People were lying about the House, & some of them much tom & eat by Hogs; by the Marks that were left, they say they were French Indians of the Ottaway N·anon ... that did It.i ,,9 As dreadful as this information was, it probably served to remind Washington of the importance of his mission. For a period of four to five years in the rnid-to-late 1750s, through his disastrous baptism by fire at Fort Necessity, the debacle of Braddock's defeat, and several years during which he and his men struggled to protect the frontier settlements, the majority of Washington's time would be spent in the wilderness.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 6
    George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 6 To THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS Head Quarters, New Windsor, March 1, 1781. Sir: The inclosed memorial of Colo. Hazen was this day put into my hands. Many of the matters mentioned in it are better known to Congress than to myself. The whole are so fully stated, as to speak for themselves, and require only the determination of Congress. The case of the Canadian Officers and Soldiers I know to be peculiarly distressing and truly entitled to redress, if the means are to be obtained. The Regiment, not being appropriated to any State, must soon dwindle into nothing, unless some effectual mode can be devised for recruiting it. Colo. Hazens pretensions to promotion seems to me to have weight, but how far they ought to be admitted, the general principles which Congress mean to adopt for the regulation of this important point will best decide. In justice to Colo. Hazen, I must testify, that he has always appeared to me a sensible, 83 spirited and attentive Officer. I have the honor etc. To THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS Head Quarters, New Windsor, March 1, 1781. Sir: On opening the inclosed, I found it intended for 83. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter was read in Congress on March 23 and referred to Artemas Ward, John Sullivan, and Isaac Motte. your Excellency, though addressed to me. I intend setting out in the morning for Newport to confer with the French General and Admiral upon the operations of the ensuing Campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland's Lower Choptank River Cultural Resource Inventory
    Maryland’s Lower Choptank River Cultural Resource Inventory by Ralph E. Eshelman and Carl W. Scheffel, Jr. “So long as the tides shall ebb and flow in Choptank River.” From Philemon Downes will, Hillsboro, circa 1796 U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle 7.5 Minute Topographic maps covering the Lower Choptank River (below Caroline County) include: Cambridge (1988), Church Creek (1982), East New Market (1988), Oxford (1988), Preston (1988), Sharp Island (1974R), Tilghman (1988), and Trappe (1988). Introduction The Choptank River is Maryland’s longest river of the Eastern Shore. The Choptank River was ranked as one of four Category One rivers (rivers and related corridors which possess a composite resource value with greater than State signific ance) by the Maryland Rivers Study Wild and Scenic Rivers Program in 1985. It has been stated that “no river in the Chesapeake region has done more to shape the character and society of the Eastern Shore than the Choptank.” It has been called “the noblest watercourse on the Eastern Shore.” Name origin: “Chaptanck” is probably a composition of Algonquian words meaning “it flows back strongly,” referring to the river’s tidal changes1 Geological Change and Flooded Valleys The Choptank River is the largest tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the eastern shore and is therefore part of the largest estuary in North America. This Bay and all its tributaries were once non-tidal fresh water rivers and streams during the last ice age (15,000 years ago) when sea level was over 300 feet below present. As climate warmed and glaciers melted northward sea level rose, and the Choptank valley and Susquehanna valley became flooded.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Weather on Armies During the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 The Force of Nature: The Impact of Weather on Armies during the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T. Engel Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact lib-ir@fsu.edu THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FORCE OF NATURE: THE IMPACT OF WEATHER ON ARMIES DURING THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-1781 By JONATHAN T. ENGEL A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Jonathan T. Engel defended on March 18, 2011. __________________________________ Sally Hadden Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Kristine Harper Committee Member __________________________________ James Jones Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii This thesis is dedicated to the glory of God, who made the world and all things in it, and whose word calms storms. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Colonies may fight for political independence, but no human being can be truly independent, and I have benefitted tremendously from the support and aid of many people. My advisor, Professor Sally Hadden, has helped me understand the mysteries of graduate school, guided me through the process of earning an M.A., and offered valuable feedback as I worked on this project. I likewise thank Professors Kristine Harper and James Jones for serving on my committee and sharing their comments and insights.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland in the American Revolution
    382-MD BKLT COVER fin:382-MD BKLT COVER 2/13/09 2:55 PM Page c-4 Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Wash ingt on, D .C. February 27 – September 5, 2009 his catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibition Maryland in the American Revolution on display fTrom February 27 to September 5, 2009, at Anderson House, the headquarters, library, and museum of The Society of the Cincinnati in Washington, D.C. The exhibition is the eleventh in a series focusing on the contributions to the e do most Solemnly pledge American Revolution made by the original thirteen states ourselves to Each Other and France. W & to our Country, and Engage Generous support for this exhibition and catalogue was provided by the Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland. ourselves by Every Thing held Sacred among Mankind to Also available: Massachusetts in the American Revolution: perform the Same at the Risque “Let It Begin Here” (1997) of our Lives and fortunes. New York in the American Revolution (1998) New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) — Bush River Declaration Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) by the Committee of Observation, Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) Delaware in the American Revolution (2002) Harford County, Maryland Georgia in the American Revolution (2003) March 22, 1775 South Carolina in the American Revolution (2004) Pennsylvania in the American Revolution (2005) North Carolina in the American Revolution (2006) Text by Emily L.
    [Show full text]
  • Painting of Washington, Lafayette and Tilghman at Yorktown As Close to Its Original 1784 Condition As Possible
    The Maryland State Art Collection and The Commission on Artistic Property of the Prepared by Maryland State Archives The Friends of the Maryland State Archives The state of Maryland possesses one of the most historic collections of art in the With funding from nation. It dates from 1774 when the portrait of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, was presented to the state by Charles Willson Peale. Maryland’s collection has The Maryland Heritage Areas Authority, grown over the centuries with portraits of leaders of the state, history paintings, an instrumentality of the state of Maryland. and important fine and decorative arts. In 1996, the state acquired the Peabody Art Collection from the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect in Baltimore, thus adding an invaluable collection of paintings, sculpture, and the views or policies of the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority. works on paper to the state’s ownership. Many of the most significant portraits in the collection are on public display in the Maryland State House, where they have been since the 18th century. The monumental portraits of William Pitt and Washington, Lafayette and Tilghman at Yorktown have been completely conserved and the portrait of William Pitt has been given a new, period-appropriate frame. Maryland’s art collection is overseen by the Maryland Commission on Artistic And the Friends of the Maryland State Archives, with special thanks to Property which is an entity of the Maryland State Archives. Emily A. Baker, Jennifer B. Baker, Teresa M. Baker The mission of the Maryland Commission on Artistic Property is to serve the public as the official custodian of the state-owned art collection, as well as fine The Friends of the Maryland State Archives is a volunteer, non-profit and decorative arts owned by or loaned to the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2000 Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland Debra Elizabeth Lavoie University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Lavoie, Debra Elizabeth, "Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland" (2000). Theses (Historic Preservation). 329. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/329 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Lavoie, Debra Elizabeth (2000). Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/329 For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu. Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Lavoie, Debra Elizabeth (2000). Documentation of the History and Physical Evolution of Hermitage Farm, Centreville, Maryland. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/329 m .s^iH-^itf^:;^! m.' I'I Hi . UNIVERSITry PENNSYL\^^NL\ UBKARIES DOCUMENTATION OF THE HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EVOLUTION OF HERMITAGE FARM, CENTREVILLE, MARYLAND Debra Elizabeth Lavoie A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 2000 Sum^visor Reader Jol/n D.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide, Frazer Family Papers (UPT 50 F848)
    A Guide to the Frazer Family Papers 1776-2004 (bulk 1860-1960) 55.0 Cubic feet UPT 50 F848 Prepared by Steven A. Banks and J.M. Duffin; later additions by Timothy H. Horning 1991 The University Archives and Records Center 3401 Market Street, Suite 210 Philadelphia, PA 19104-3358 215.898.7024 Fax: 215.573.2036 www.archives.upenn.edu Mark Frazier Lloyd, Director Frazer Family Papers UPT 50 F848 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROVENANCE...............................................................................................................................1 ARRANGEMENT...........................................................................................................................1 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE................................................................................................................2 SCOPE AND CONTENT...............................................................................................................9 CONTROLLED ACCESS HEADINGS.......................................................................................12 INVENTORY................................................................................................................................ 15 PERSIFOR FRAZER, 1736-1792...........................................................................................15 ROBERT FRAZER, 1771-1821............................................................................................. 15 JOHN FRIES FRAZER, 1812-1872.......................................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resource Survey and Land and Water Based Route Reconnaissance for the Washington Rochambeau Revolutionary Route
    Cultural Resource Survey and Land and Water Based Route Reconnaissance for the Washington Rochambeau Revolutionary Route National Historic Trail (W3R-NHT) in Maryland, focusing on the Contributions of the Eastern Shore to the Victory at Yorktown and the Role of Western Maryland in the Yorktown Campaign Final Report prepared for Preservation Maryland Marilyn Benaderet Director of Preservation Services 24 West Saratoga Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201-4227 Robert A. Selig, Ph.D. January 2014 Table of Contents Overview and Project Description 3 Goals 3 Purpose 4 Scope 4 Historical Background 5 The movement of Continental Quartermaster supplies, logistics, and shipping from the Maryland Eastern Shore to the Continental Army before and during the Siege of Yorktown in the fall of 1781 15 Colonel Tench Tilghman’s Ride in October 1781 from Yorktown to Philadelphia to deliver the News of the Victory to the Continental Congress 31 The 1781 Movements of Continental Army Forces under General Anthony Wayne from York to Nolands Ferry into Virginia 62 The Movements of the British Prisoners of War from Yorktown and Gloucester Across Virginia and Maryland to Winchester and Frederick in November 1781 85 Conclusion 113 Endnotes 114 2 Overview and Project Description Consultant was tasked with researching the properties, roads, and cultural, historical and natural resources connected with 1) the movement of Continental Quartermaster supplies, logistics, and shipping from the Maryland Eastern Shore to the Continental Army before, during and after the siege
    [Show full text]
  • “The Horse America Throwing His Master” I
    LESSON IV “The Horse America Throwing His Master” I. Background Information British policy following the defeat of the French in North America during the Seven Years’ War aroused the ire of American colonists. The Proclamation of 1763 forbidding settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains, the adjustment of the custom’s duty on sugar (1764), the Stamp Act (1765), and the Townshend Duties (1767) united the colonies in resis- tance. The Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, coupled with pressure within the British Parliament, ultimately led to repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. The Parliament, however, passed the Declaratory Act reasserting its right to pass legislation governing the colonies. Still in need of funds, Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend imposed duties on glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea. Americans responded with non-importation agreements. George Washington became one of the leaders in Virginia’s opposition to the Townshend duties and served as the presiding officer of a Fairfax County committee that drafted a series of resolutions challenging British policy. Similar resolutions were passed throughout the colonies. Massachusetts, however, became the center of more violent protests. In 1768 British troops occupied the city. Despite the repeal of the Townshend duties in 1770, resistance continued. On March 5, 1770, a crowd of Bostonians taunted British regulars who, unable to disperse the crowd, opened fire killing five. Labeling the British action a massacre, Paul Revere circulated an engraving of the event entitled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King Street.” The arrest and trial of Captain Thomas Preston did little to quell the hatred stirred-up by the events of that evening.
    [Show full text]
  • Tilghman Is Survey District (2016).Pdf
    Capsule Summary Tilghman Island Historic District T-546 Tilghman Island, Talbot County, MD c. 1830-1945 The Tilghman Island Historic District, located in western Talbot County, Maryland, contains an extensive collection of houses, one church, two cemeteries, public spaces, and few commercial buildings within the village zoning boundary. These resources date primarily from 1830 to 1945 and reflect the rapid growth of the water-oriented town that prospered from the seafood industry and supporting businesses on the Eastern Shore or Maryland. The district encompasses much of the village’s northern section, which contains mostly residential properties with a few commercial buildings and public resources such as a wharf and park. The district is principally characterized by frame buildings set on varying sized lots with a range of foundation types. The district is particularly distinctive for its collection of vernacular houses with stylistic influences, and the unique W-House, which has an L-shaped plan with a central, two-story, projecting bay that mimics a W-shape. The town’s historic resources are located on Black Walnut Point Road, Chesapeake House Drive, Chicken Point Road, Coopertown Road, Dogwood Cove Road, Dogwood Harbor Road, Elmer Street, Foster Avenue, Gibsontown Road, Grimes Avenue, Harrison Lane, Island Club Road, Johns Way, Knapp Street, Landing Lane, Memory Lane, Mission Road, North Main Street, Oyster Shell Road, Phillips Road, South Main Street, Seth Avenue, Sinclair Avenue, Sunset Lane, Tilghman Beach Drive, Tilghman Island Road, Warf Road, Willey Road, and Windward Drive. These streets form the rough boundaries that define the limits of the historic district. The buildings along these streets are modest vernacular house forms, some with Greek Revival, Queen-Anne, and Dutch Colonial influences.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1926, Volume 21, Issue No. 1
    MAEYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE T PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHOBITY OF THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME XXI BALTIMORE 1926 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXI. FAGB MARYLAND'S RELIGIOTJS HISTORY. Bernard C. Steiner, Ph.D., - 1 LETTERS OP Morx,Y AND HETTY TILGHMAN. Edited hy J. HaXl Pleasants, M.D., 20, 123, 219 THE LIFE or THOMAS JOHNSON. Edward 8. Delaplaine, - 39, 181 EXTRACTS FROM ACCOUNT AND LETTER BOOKS OF DR. CHARLES CAR- ROLL, OF ANNAPOLIS, 54, 207, 242, 362 PROCEEDINGS OP THE SOCIETY, 73, 213, 385 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY, 95 THE WORCESTER COUNTY MILITIA OP 1794. Edited by Harry Franklin Covington, ........ 149 WASHINGTON'S RELATIONS TO THE EASTERN SHORE OF MARYLAND. Paul E. Titswvrth, Ph.D., 170 ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, QUEEN CAROLINE PARISH, HOWARD COUNTY. Henry J. Berkley, 179 PEARCE-LEVY BIBLE RECORDS, 201 UNPUBLISHED LmrrEES, 280 MARYLAND RENT ROU-S, 183, 285, 336 NOTES AND QUERIES, 212, 391 COLONIAL RECORDS OF CHARLES COUNTY. Contributed by Louis Dow Saisoo, 261 THE BEGINNINGS OF CHABLES COUNTY. Bernard O. Steiner, - - 270 MAXIMILLIAN GODEFROY, 273 YouNCk—WOODWARD—HESSELIUS FAMILT RECORD, 1737-1820, - - 277 WAR ROMANCE OF JOHN THOMAS SCHAEF. By Francis B. Culver, 295 CALVERT AND DARNALL GLEANINGS FROM ENGLISH WILLS. Mrs. Russel Hastings, 303 How MARYLAND BECAME A SOVEREIGN STATE. Wm. L. Marbury, 325 COLONIAL RECORDS OF KENT COUNTY. Contributed by Louis Dow Soisco, 356 LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS TO MARYLAND HISTORICAL ENDOWMENT AND MAINTENANCE FUND Endowment Maintenance W. Hall Harris $1,000.00 Drayton M. Hite 1,000.00 DeCourcy W. Thorn 1,000.00 Mrs. DeCourcy W. Thorn 1,000.00 A.
    [Show full text]
  • George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 5
    George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 5 To THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS Head Quarters, West point, November 2, 1779. Sir: Since I had the honor of addressing your Excellency last, I have received a letter from a confidential Correspondent in New York who informs me that the 57th- Regt. Rawdons Corps and a detachment of Artillery were to sail for Hallifax on the 29th. Ulto. and that they were to be accompanied by all the heavy ships of War except the Europa. The Dahpne Frigate was to sail for England at the same time. This intelligence being of importance to His Excellency Count D'Estaing, I have communicated it to General du Portail and Colo. Hamilton who will have an interview with him very soon after he reaches either the Capes of Delaware or the Hook. My Correspondent further informs me that a packet had arrived the 23d. ulto. The accounts brought by her seemed very alarming to the friends of Government. It was currently reported that the Ardent of 64 Guns had been taken and the British fleet chased into Portsmouth by the combined fleet of France and Spain, which remained off that port several days. Your Excellency will be pleased to observe that the European intelligence is not given as authentic. My informant has only picked it up in New York. I have the honor, &c. 31 The capture of the Ardent is confirmed by a New York paper of the 28th. ulto. 31. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. To THE BOARD OF WAR Head Quarters, West Point, November 2, 1779.
    [Show full text]