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SHOKO C. T SI Thesis Submitted Draft 2019.Pdf Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY SOCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH HOUSING IN POST-INDEPENDENCE ZIMBABWE. NARRATIVES FROM TWO CITIES IN THE MIDLANDS PROVINCE. BY COSMAS TINASHE SHOKO R0723434H DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE STUDIES FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2019 i Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE STUDIES APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read and recommend to Midlands State University for acceptance, a research project entitled: Social inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province submitted by Cosmas Tinashe Shoko R0723434H in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Masters of Science Degree in Local Governance Studies. ……………………………... ………………………………… SUPERVISOR DATE ………………………………. ………………………………… CHAIRPERSON DATE ………………………………. ………………………………… EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR DATE ii Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE STUDIES RELEASE FORM NAME OF AUTHOR: COSMAS TINASHE SHOKO R0723434H DISSERTATION TITLE: SOCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH HOUSING IN POST- INDEPENDENCE ZIMBABWE.NARRATIVES FROM TWO CITIES IN THE MIDLANDS PROVINCE. DEGREE PROGRAMME: MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE STUDIES YEAR THIS DEGREE WAS GRANTED: NOVEMBER 2019 Permission is hereby granted to the Midlands State University to produce single copies of this dissertation and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purpose only. The author reserves other publication rights and neither the dissertation nor extensive extracts from it may be published or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. SIGNATURE OF AUTHOR ………………………………………… DATE ………………………………………… PERMANENT 1736 MKOBA 6 GWERU E MAIL ADRESS [email protected] Cell phone numbers 0771602792 or 0771653011 iii Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. DECLARATION I, Cosmas Tinashe Shoko, declare that this work is my own original work, neither the substance or any part of the thesis has been submitted in the past, or is being, or is to be submitted for a degree in any other University. The research was carried out, under the supervision of Dr. Edison Paul Mutema, Chairperson of the Department of Local Governance Studies, Midlands State University. Signed ………………………………… Date ………………………………….. iv Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my father and mother. Mercies and God’s love shine upon your lives! v Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research process has been insightful, time consuming and a lifetime learning experience I shall always cherish! Firstly, I would like to give heartfelt gratitude to God for the mercies and giving me strength throughout the research process. I would like to express my humble gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Edison Paul Mutema for his unwavering commitment, mentoring and tireless efforts during the entire preparation of this research. Thank you sir! May God be with you in your career and life. Special mention goes to my young brother Makomborero, my sisters Anotida and Mazvita. Thank you, Dr Chatiza, Dr Chakunda, Dr Chilunjika, Professor Jerie and Dr Zinatsa for coaching and mentoring me throughout the Master’s program. My greatest gratitude goes to all my research respondents for their insightful narratives. Without your contribution I wouldn’t be where I am today. Thank you once again! Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my friends and classmates. Team MLGS graduating class of 2019, I will never forget you all. The moments we cherished shall remain ingrained in my memory. TO GOD BE THE GLORY. vi Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. ABSTRACT This narrative study on social inclusion through housing in Gweru and Kwekwe cities sought to decipher the exclusivity or inclusivity of housing processes or practices. In theory Zimbabwe post-independence housing policy has given attention to inclusivity of all citizens’ (housing for all) whereas in practice the exclusion of citizens in the provision and delivery of housing is quiet prevalent. The housing processes, practices, models and schemes excludes vulnerable groups such as low income groups, the unemployed, dependents, lodgers, homeless people and disabled groups among others. Deliberate housing schemes and programs aimed at social inclusion have been over and again implemented in the city of Gweru and city of Kwekwe but social exclusion remains alive. The numbers of people on the council’s waiting list are higher than the beneficiaries that benefit whenever stands are sold by councils. Even housing schemes such as co-operatives, low-cost housing schemes and start paying for your house schemes are not always inclusive. The research identified the causes of exclusive housing at Gweru and Kwekwe cities. It also assessed the inclusivity or exclusivity of the stand allocation process at Gweru and Kwekwe cities. Gweru city and Kwekwe city adoption of inclusive housing was examined. The study assessed housing schemes and models available in Gweru and Kwekwe cities. Interviews and secondary data were used as research instruments for data collection. The researcher collected data from a sample of 37 participants that consisted of households, council officials, bank officials and property developer officials. Narratives from the respondents revealed that, the causes of exclusive housing in both cities were poverty, unaffordable housing, servicing of land is costly, culture, family dependence, urbanization, migration and housing demand. Fewer narrators were satisfied with the inclusivity of stand allocation processes and many cited nepotism, corruption and housing unaffordability as the major drawbacks to social inclusion. Stories of adoption of inclusive housing revealed loss of hope, uncertainty. Economic shocks, poverty and the lack of political were concluded as some of the setbacks to the adoption of inclusive housing. In as much as the research revealed that, both cities had made some strides in adopting and implementing a number of different housing schemes the narrators expressed hopelessness towards provision of social housing and homeownership. The researcher concluded that, social inclusion through housing in both cities was still a long way to go and a missing link. Key words: Social inclusion, cities, social exclusion, housing, narratives. vii Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. ABBREVIATIONS CABS Central African Building society CBZ Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe CEDAW Convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women FBC First Banking Corporation GCC Gweru City Council Go.Z Government of Zimbabwe GP Government Property KCC Kwekwe City Council LR Literature Review MPCNH Ministry of Public Construction and National Housing NUA New Urban Agenda SDI Slum Dwellers International SE Social Exclusion SI Social Inclusion UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNHRC United Nations Centre for Human Rights ZIHP Zimbabwe Housing Policy viii Social Inclusion through housing in post-independence Zimbabwe. Narratives from two cities in the Midlands Province. Contents APPROVAL FORM ............................................................................................................... ii RELEASE FORM ................................................................................................................. iii DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... vii ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................................1 1.3 Statement of the problem .......................................................................................................3
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