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Rapid Identification of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Using MALDI-TOF MS from North India
Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences Print version ISSN 0970 0765 Vol.39A (Zoology), No.1, Online version ISSN 2320 3188 January-June 2020: P.194-199 DOI 10.5958/2320-3188.2020.00022.4 Original Research Article Available online at www.bpasjournals.com Rapid Identification of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae using MALDI-TOF MS from North India 1Sunil Kumar Abstract: 2Zainab Saifi Infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) 3Anil Kumar Sharma Klebsiella pneumoniae are increasing day by day. K. pneumoniae poses a severe public health concern 4 * Sushil Kumar Upadhyay and causes wide array of healthcare associated infections with limited treatment options. The Author’s Affiliation: quick detection of these isolates is of prime 1,2,3,4 Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi importance for the adoption of proper antibiotic Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), treatment and control measures. Also the mis- Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India identification using standard lab-based methods is quite common and hence, the clinical *Corresponding author: significance of K. pneumoniae complex members is Dr. Sushil Kumar Upadhyay, inaccurately defined. Here, authors evaluated the Assistant Professor, Department of potential of MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight) MS (Mass (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Spectrometry) to discriminate and quick Haryana 133207, India identification K. pneumoniae complex members. Thus, this study aimed at full MALDI-based E-mail: approach to rapidly detect the K. [email protected] pneumoniae isolates up to species level. We also ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-4275 explored the antibiotic resistance profile of K. -
Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh
Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh Shukla Promite1, Sajal K. Saha2, Sunjukta Ahsan1 and Marufa Zerin Akhter1 1Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Department of General Practice, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill VIC 3168, Australia (Received: October 08, 2017; Accepted: December 15, 2017; Published (web): December 23, 2017) ABSTRACT: The study was aimed to characterize bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections (RTI) and investigate their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Selective media and biochemical tests were used to characterize 40 bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. About 42.5% (17) RTI patients were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 30% (12) by Escherichia coli and 27.5% (11) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no significant gender variation (p-value <0.578). Overall, 47% (out of 20) antibiotics were sensitive, whereas 48% were resistant. Surprisingly, 18% P. aeruginosa and 20% K. pneumoniae were carbapenem-resistant and 4 out of 7 cephalosporin antibiotics were highly resistant irrespective of pathogens. E. coli showed better sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (78%) and levofloxacin (89%), while K. pneumoniae was insensitive to cotrimoxazole (88%), gentamycin (77%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66%). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa did not respond to P. aeruginosa to nalidixic acid (60%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). This study concludes that nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotics could be better alternative in treating bacterial RTIs. Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity, bacterial pathogens, RTIs, Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global public The rise of AR in Bangladesh is probably due to 1 health concern. -
Pasteurella Multocida Isolated from Cattle
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 (04), pp. 106-110, April, 2013 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.3419 ISSN 2231-3354 Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Pathogen Pasteurella Multocida Isolated from Cattle Azmat Jabeen, Mahrukh Khattak, Shahzad Munir*, Qaiser Jamal, Mubashir Hussain Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Pasteurella multocida is a Gram negative, non motile and coccobacillus bacterium. It has 5 strains i.e. A, B, D, Received on: 01/02/2013 E and F and 16 serotypes (1-16). In present study, we analyzed Pasteurella multocida B: 2 strains, responsible Revised on: 19/02/2013 for Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) in cattle, on morphological/microbial, biochemical, molecular level and to Accepted on: 15/03/2013 check the antibiotic sensitivity of the Pasteurella multocida. Microbial analysis showed that while grown on Available online: 27/04/2013 Brain Heart Infusion agar plates and Blood Agar Base Medium, grayish lustrous colonies of Pasteurella multocida were observed. Gram staining showed that Pasteurella multocida are gram negative. Microscopic Key words: observations revealed it to be coccobacillus and it was non- motile. Identification was conducted by Pasteurella multocida, conventional biochemical tests and percentage identification of Analytical Profile Index was 96 %. Antibiotic Hemorrhagic Septicemia, sensitivity with different antibiotics was checked by disk diffusion method and was found resistant to Analytical Profile Index, Augmentin, Amoxicillin and Aztreonam and was more susceptible to Ceftiofur. On molecular level its DNA Antibiotic sensitivity. was extracted and was run with marker having range from 0.5 – 10 kb. -
Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms
UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 1 of 28 © Crown copyright 2015 Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 2 of 28 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... -
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIAL UROPATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS IN NAKURU LEVEL 5 HOSPITAL, KENYA GEORGE TIBI GACHUHI (B.Sc.) I56/CE/20963/2010 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science (Microbiology) in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences of Kenyatta University JULY, 2017 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my own original work and has not been presented for the award of a degree in any other university. George Tibi Gachuhi Signature…………………………. Date………………….. Department of Microbiology APPROVAL BY SUPERVISORS This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors. Dr John Maingi Signature………………………………… Date…………………………………. Department of Microbiology Kenyatta University Dr. Anthony Kebira Signature…………………………………………Date…………………………. Department of Microbiology Kenyatta University iii DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to my beloved wife Salome Tibi and our beloved children Victor, Grace, Martha, Daisy, Caleb and Ann for their support, encouragement and prayer during my time of my study. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God for His love, guidance and wisdom to be able to successfully complete my research project. I would like to appreciate a number of people who helped me during the preparation and writing of this research project especially Dr. John Maingi and Dr. Anthony Kebira of Kenyatta University, Department of Microbiology. Thank you for your advice and guidance. They have not only been outstanding supervisors, but credible role models. Their guidance, support and encouragement right from the proposal development to the final report would not have been successfully completed without them. I am greatly indebted to the staff at Nakuru Level 5 Hospital especially Dr. -
Charakterisierung Haemophiler Bakterienisolate Der Gattungen Histophilus Und Haemophilus Aus Wiederkäuern
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Charakterisierung haemophiler Bakterienisolate der Gattungen Histophilus und Haemophilus aus Wiederkäuern Sutter, Gabriella Abstract: Haemophile Bakterien der Gattungen Haemophilus und Histophilus sind bei Nutztieren weit verbreitet. Beim Wiederkäuer gilt Histophilus somni (syn. Haemophilus somnus) unter anderem als Verursacher der ISTME/TEME. Gleichzeitig werden diese Bakterien oft als asymptomatische Besiedler von Schleimhäuten des Genital- und Respirationstrakts gefunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 194 Histophilus/Haemophilus-Isolate aus der Stammsammlung der Vetsuisse-Fakultät Zürich (1974 bis 1998) untersucht. Als Methoden wurden Kultur, 16S rDNA Amplifizierung und Sequenzierung sowie Ribotypisierung verwendet. Kulturell typisiert werden konnten 13 Isolate, die alle nicht hämolysierend, Oxidase-positiv, Katalase-negativ und V- und X-Faktor unabhängig waren. Aufgrund ihrer Koloniemor- phologie wurden die Isolate der M-, S- und R-Form zugeordnet. Die Analyse der 16S rDNA aus 28 haemophilen Isolaten mit Datenbankeinträgen ergab für alle Isolate eine höchste Übereinstimmung mit 16S rDNA-Sequenzen von Histophilus somni-Isolaten. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Übereinstim- mungsraten wurde eine Unterteilung in drei 16S rDNA-Gruppen vorgenommen. Interessanterweise wiesen 13 der 28 untersuchten Isolate (46,4%) eine Übereinstimmung von <95% mit bekannten Histophilus somni-Isolaten auf. Ob somit eine neue Spezies-Bestimmung zu erfolgen hat, wird Thema künftiger Untersuchungen sein. Alle untersuchten Isolate wiesen eine grosse genetische Vielfalt auf, wie sie auch in der Literatur beschrieben ist. Haemophilic bacteria of the genera Haemophilus and Histophilus are found worldwide in a wide range of animals. In ruminants, Histophilus somni (syn. Haemophilus som- nus) is for example known as causative agent of ISTME/TEME. -
Supplementary Materials A
Supplementary Materials A. Different tests for identification of bacteria Gram’s staining: This test categorizes organisms into two large groups: Gram-positive and Gram- negative. In this test, there are basically four steps: primary staining with crystal violet to a heat-fixed smear, followed by the addition of mordant (Gram’s iodine), rapid decolorization with alcohol or mixture of alcohol and acetone, and finally counterstaining with safranin. Gram-positive bacteria appear as purple, and Gram-negative bacteria appear as pink or red. Spore staining: This staining helps to determine whether the bacterium is a spore producer or not. The staining method uses malachite green as the primary stain and safranin as the counterstain. If spores are present, they appear as bright green, while vegetative cells appear as brownish red to pink. Catalase test: This test determines whether the bacterium contains a catalase enzyme or not. For this, the bacterium inoculum is taken with the non-iron loop and smeared on the surface of the glass slide. Then, 2-4 drops of hydrogen peroxide are added to the smear. If bubbles are observed, the bacterium is catalase-positive; otherwise, it is regarded as catalase-negative. Oxidase test: This test determines the presence of cytochrome oxidase enzyme. For this, an inoculum of pure bacterial culture is added to the surface of the test strip, impregnated with the reagent. Purple color observed within 5-10 seconds indicates that the bacterium has the oxidase enzyme. Methyl red–Voges Proskauer (MR-VP) test: This consists of two tests. 1. The MR test is useful for determining the fermentation pathway for glucose utilization. -
Biochemical Tests Indole Test
Biochemical Tests Indole test Objective: to detect the ability of organism to produce enzyme tryptophanase. Principle: Indole test is a biochemical test which differentiates the coliform from other members of Enterobacteriacee by detecting their ability to produce the enzyme tryptophanase. This enzyme hydrolyses the amino acid tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid and ammonia. It is the intracellular enzyme (endoenzyme). Tryptophan + H2O————tryptophanase enzyme——> Indole + Pyruvic acid + Ammonia Pyruvic acid can then be used by the organism in the Kreb’s cycle or it can enter glycolysis and be used to synthesize other compounds necessary for the cell. The media that is used for indole test is SIM (sulphide, indole, motility) medium or nutrient peptone, both of those media provides sufficient amino acid, tryptophan which acts as substrate for the above reaction. Hence, the organism that are able to produce the pyruvic acid as main product and indole, ammonia as the byproduct. The reagent used for this test is kovac’s reagent; (HCI and dimenthyl aminobenzaldehyde dissolved in amyl alcohol) which reacts with the side product of the tryptophan catabolism reaction i.e indole to form Rosindole dye which is cherry red in colour. Hence the formation of cherry red colour of Rosindole dye indicates positive indole test, otherwise not Escherichia coli is positive to indole test while klebsiella is negative to it. Voges–Proskauer (VP) Test The Voges-Proskauer (VP) test is used to determine if an organism produces acetylmethyl carbinol from glucose fermentation. If present, acetylmethyl carbinol is converted to diacetyl in the presence of ∝- naphthol, strong alkali (40% KOH), and atmospheric oxygen. -
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Analysis of Important Dairy Products: Isolation and Characterization LK Attri* and Humeet Narang Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh-147 301, Punjab, India. ABSTRACT In the present study, different daily use dairy products were procured and isolation was carried out using standard morphological. Based upon the morphological and biochemical standard test, the isolates were confirmed to be E.coli, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus. Different biochemical standard methods including Indole production test, Methyl-Red and Voges-Proskauer (MRVP) test, Catalase Test and Citrate Utilization Test etc. were performed for final conclusion. Therefore, the results showed the presence of harmful bacterias in daily use dairy product. Further, Slants of nutrient agar media were made and kept for solidification. After solidification pure colonies of isolates were streaked on these slants and incubated at 37° C for 2-3 days. After growth these slants were stored at 4° C for further use. Keywords: Antibacterial agents, bacterias, standard tests, nutrient medias *Corresponding author January - February 2014 RJPBCS 5(1) Page No. 698 ISSN: 0975-8585 INTRODUCTION Dairy products are generally defined as food produced from the milk of mammals (the Food Standards Agency of the United Kingdom defines dairy as "foodstuffs made from mammalian milk). They are usually high energy-yielding food products. A production plant for the processing of milk is called a dairy or a dairy factory. Apart from breastfed infants, the human consumption of dairy products is sourced primarily from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, yaks, camels, and other mammals are other sources of dairy products consumed by humans. -
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence and Description of Haemophilus Massiliensis Sp
Lo et al. Standards in Genomic Sciences (2016) 11:31 DOI 10.1186/s40793-016-0150-1 EXTENDED GENOME REPORT Open Access High-quality draft genome sequence and description of Haemophilus massiliensis sp. nov. Cheikh Ibrahima Lo1,2, Senthil Alias Sankar1, Bécaye Fall3, Bissoume Sambe-Ba3, Silman Diawara3, Mamadou Wague Gueye3, Oleg Mediannikov1,2, Caroline Blanc-Tailleur1, Boubacar Wade3, Didier Raoult1,2,4, Pierre-Edouard Fournier1 and Florence Fenollar1,2* Abstract Strain FF7T was isolated from the peritoneal fluid of a 44-year-old woman who suffered from pelvic peritonitis. This strain exhibited a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 94.8 % 16S rRNA sequence identity with Haemophilus parasuis,the phylogenetically closest species with a name with standing in nomenclature and a poor MALDI-TOF MS score (1.32 to 1.56) that does not allow any reliable identification. Using a polyphasic study made of phenotypic and genomic analyses, strain FF7T was a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod and member of the family Pasteurellaceae. It exhibited a genome of 2,442,548 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 2,319 protein-coding and 67 RNA genes, including 6 rRNA operons. On the basis of these data, we propose the creation of Haemophilus massiliensis sp.nov.withstrainFF7T (= CSUR P859 = DSM 28247) as the type strain. Keywords: Haemophilus massiliensis, Genome, Taxono-genomics, Culturomics Introduction systematically compared to the phylogenetically-closest The genus Haemophilus (Winslow et al. 1917) was de- species with a name with standing in nomenclature [8, 9]. scribed in 1917 [1] and currently meningitis, bacteremia, The strain FF7T was isolated from the peritoneal fluid sinusitis, and/or pneumonia [2]. -
Phylogenomic and Molecular Demarcation of the Core Members of the Polyphyletic Pasteurellaceae Genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus,Andpasteurella
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Genomics Volume 2015, Article ID 198560, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198560 Research Article Phylogenomic and Molecular Demarcation of the Core Members of the Polyphyletic Pasteurellaceae Genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus,andPasteurella Sohail Naushad, Mobolaji Adeolu, Nisha Goel, Bijendra Khadka, Aqeel Al-Dahwi, and Radhey S. Gupta Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5 Correspondence should be addressed to Radhey S. Gupta; [email protected] Received 5 November 2014; Revised 19 January 2015; Accepted 26 January 2015 Academic Editor: John Parkinson Copyright © 2015 Sohail Naushad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella exhibit extensive polyphyletic branching in phylogenetic trees and do not represent coherent clusters of species. In this study, we have utilized molecular signatures identified through comparative genomic analyses in conjunction with genome based and multilocus sequence based phylogenetic analyses to clarify the phylogenetic and taxonomic boundary of these genera. We have identified large clusters of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella species which represent the “sensu stricto” members of these genera. We have identified 3, 7, and 6 conserved signature indels (CSIs), which are specifically shared by sensu stricto members of Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella, respectively. We have also identified two different sets of CSIs that are unique characteristics of the pathogen containing genera Aggregatibacter and Mannheimia, respectively. It is now possible to demarcate the genera Actinobacillus sensu stricto, Haemophilus sensu stricto, and Pasteurella sensu stricto on the basis of discrete molecular signatures. -
Identification of Previously Unknown Bacterial Species by MALDI-TOF MS
Identification of previously unknown bacterial species by MALDI-TOF MS 1 Isala, Zwolle, NL 2 Meander MC, Amersfoort, NL ECCMID 2017 - EV0223 3 Rijnstate, Velp, NL 1 2 3 1 [email protected] Marjan J. Bruins , Eric (H) S. Doppenberg , Niels Peterse , Maurice J.H.M. Wolfhagen Introduction Results Discussion In clinical microbiology, MALDI-TOF MS Many new bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (Table 1). Using MALDI-TOF MS results in: has become an important means of - Far easier and faster identification. bacterial identification, enabling faster Table 1. Examples of previously unknown species identified by MALDI-TOF. - Identification of more and previously reporting of culture results. unknown pathogens. Species Family Isolated from Reference - Identification of relevant micro- The database entries used in MALDI-TOF Gramnegative Achromobacter spanius organisms previously considered MS are based on 16S rRNA gene Alcaligenaceae blood, tissue, wound Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:1823 Acidovorax temperans Comamonadaceae urine, oral cavity Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:396 commensal. sequencing, which makes this technique Bifidobacterium scardovii Bifidobacteriaceae blood, urine Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52:998 - A need for standardized antimicrobial more discriminatory than biochemical Campylobacter lanienae Campylobacteraceae stool Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:870 Fusobacterium naviforme Fusobacteriaceae blood, abscess, oral cavity Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:302 susceptibility testing methods including methods. As a result, more pathogenic Haemophilus pittmaniae Pasteurellaceae sputum Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55:455 critical breakpoints for all relevant microorganisms are identified correctly than Kerstersia gyiorum Alcaligenaceae leg wounds, ear Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:1830 Massilia timonae species.