Getting to Work: Transit, Density & Opportunity
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CENTER CITY REPORTS GETTING TO WORK: TRANSIT, DENSITY & OPPORTUNITY JUNE 2016 CENTER CITY DISTRICT, CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION FIND MORE REPORTS AT: CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG Peter Tobia Center City Philadelphia, located at the center of the region’s transit need a giant, surface parking lot of 2.6 square miles – larger than network, holds the largest concentration of employment anywhere William Penn’s original plan for the city (2.2 square miles river to in the metro area, with 295,000 jobs.¹ More than 1 million residents river, Vine to South) – leaving little room for the office buildings, ho- of surrounding suburban counties live within one mile of a rail tels, hospitals, universities, residences, cultural institutions, historic station, connecting them directly to downtown’s employers, retail destinations, restaurants, retail shops and parks that define the shops, restaurants, educational, medical, arts and cultural institu- diversity and create employment opportunities downtown. Instead, tions. Fifty percent (50%) of city residents can commute by transit to SEPTA rail, subway, trolley and bus lines converge with PATCO and Center City in 30 minutes or less; 61% of those who live in Greater NJ Transit from New Jersey to deliver 290,000 workers, students, Center City can get to City Hall (the geographic center of downtown) visitors, shoppers and patients each weekday into Center City. in 15 minutes or less. Center City's transit connectivity is particu- Center City employers benefit not just from a multi-modal transit larly important to the substantial number of lower-income Philadel- system, but also from the rapidly growing, live-work neighborhoods phia residents who do not own cars. that are expanding around the downtown core. While just 10% of downtown jobs are held by Greater Center City residents, the per- JOB DENSITY AND TRANSIT centage of downtown residents with a BA degree or higher is 58%, Transit is not just a convenience; it is essential to the density that nearly twice the regional rate of 34%. This critical mass of talent enables Center City to provide 42% of all jobs in Philadelphia.² If is positively impacting business-location decisions. Another 41% downtown workers relied on cars to the same degree as commut- of downtown jobs are held by residents of city neighborhoods, ers across the region, then 295,000 workers would arrive each day north of Girard Avenue, south of Tasker Street and west of the in 227,150 cars.³ At 330 square feet per parking space, we would Schuylkill River; 39% are held by residents of the suburban counties surrounding Philadelphia. 1: Greater Center City, from Girard Avenue to Tasker Street, river to river, holds 286,427 salaried jobs; another 8,500 individuals are compensated either as partners or work freelance. 2:JUNE Transit-accessible 2016 University City holds another 11% of the city’s jobs. 3: 81% of the region’s commuters use a car, truck or van to get to work, 90% driving alone. Accounting for the 10% of those who carpool, there are approximately 0.77 vehicles involved in commuting for each worker in the region. CENTER CITY DISTRICT & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WWW.CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG 1 Trappe Skippack Upper Gwynedd Hatboro Warminster Northampton Worcester Langhorne Lower Gwynedd Collegeville Horsham Langhorne Manor Middletown Upper Southampton Penndel Lower Southampton East Norriton Whitpain Ambler Lower Providence Hulmeville Upper Moreland Bryn Athyn West Norriton Upper Dublin BUCKS Upper Providence Bristol Norristown MONTGOMERY Bensalem Plymouth Lower Moreland Far Northeast Abington Springfield Bristol Upper Merion Bridgeport Jenkintown Schuylkill Whitemarsh Cheltenham Rockledge Conshohocken Beverly Burlington Tredyffrin West Conshohocken PHILADELPHIA Olney/Oak Lane Edgewater Park Roxborough/ Burlington CHESTER Manayunk Delanco Willingboro Lower Merion Riverside Germantown/ Near Northeast Chestnut Hill Easttown Radnor Westampton Riverton Delran Narberth Palmyra Cinnaminson Haverford Willistown Newtown Bridesburg/Kensington North Philadelphia /Richmond Moorestown Pennsauken Hainesport West Philadelphia BURLINGTON Marple DELAWARE University City Upper Darby Merchantville Maple Shade Edgmont East Lansdowne Greater Center City Lumberton Upper Providence Camden Lansdowne Mount Laurel Clifton Heights Yeadon Thornbury Springfield Aldan Darby Woodlynne Media Collingdale Colwyn Collingswood Cherry Hill Haddon Haddonfield Morton Darby Haddon Middletown Sharon Hill Oaklyn Rutledge Swarthmore Gloucester City Audubon Park Glenolden Darby South Philadelphia Haddon Chester Heights Rose Valley Nether Providence Prospect Park Audubon Folcroft Southwest Philadelphia Mount Ephraim Evesham Medford Haddon Heights Ridley Brooklawn Norwood Tavistock Concord Ridley Park National Park Bellmawr Barrington CAMDEN Aston Brookhaven Parkside Westville Lawnside Tinicum Upland Magnolia Voorhees Runnemede Somerdale Bethel Eddystone Paulsboro West Deptford Gibbsboro Chester Greenwich Hi-Nella Chester Woodbury Stratford Upper Chichester Deptford Laurel Springs Trainer GLOUCESTER Lindenwold Lower Chichester Clementon Berlin Woodbury Heights Gloucester Brandywine Logan Marcus Hook East Greenwich Pine Valley Berlin Wenonah Pine Hill Pine Hill NEW CASTLE Mantua Washington FIGURE 1: REGIONAL JOBS AND TRANSIT LINES BY PHILADEPHIA AREA AND SUBURBAN MUNICIPALITY JOBS: SEPTA: PATCO: Total jobs by municipality Broad Street Line Regional Rail Lines PATCO in surrounding counties 100,000 Market-Frankford Line Total jobs by area Norristown Highspeed Line within Philadelphia Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Local Employment-Household Dynamics, 2014 AT THE CENTER OF THE REGION’S TRANSIT NETWORK, CENTER CITY IS ALSO THE METRO AREA'S LARGEST EMPLOYMENT NODE, WITH 295,000 JOBS. 2 CENTER CITY DISTRICT & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WWW.CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG GIRARD AVE VINE ST VINE ST RACEVINE CHINATOWN 2,290 164 ROAD ST B SUBURBAN JEFFERSON STATION 15TH ST STATION 13TH ST STATION STATION 25,049 39,086 15,028 14,369 8TH ST STATION 5TH ST STATION 13,160 3,306 MARKET ST City Hall 22ND ST STATION 19TH ST STATION 2ND ST STATION CITY HALL 11TH ST STATION 1,741 2,533 9,090 8TH & MARKET 3,307 31,995 5,578 WALNUTLOCUST 6,460 15TH/16TH & LOCUST 12TH/13TH & LOCUST 9TH/10TH & LOCUST 6,669 1,661 1,608 PINE ST LOMBARDSOUTH 2,644 FIGURE 2: 2015 AVERAGE WEEKDAY RIDERSHIP IN CENTER CITY SEPTA: Subway Lines: 116,590; Bus Lines: 91,813; Regional Rail Lines: 39,418; Trolley Lines: 23,244 PATCO: 15,516 NJ TRANSIT: 4,084 MARKET FRANKFORD LINE BROAD STREET LINE REGIONAL RAIL TROLLEY PATCO Note: Ridership counts for 13th and 15th Street Stations include both Market-Frankford Line and Trolley riders. Source: SEPTA, NJ Transit, PATCO GETTING TO WORK, GREATER CENTER CITY FIGURE 3: WHERE DOWNTOWN WORKERS LIVE Residents of Greater Center City enjoy the most commuting alter- natives and rely the least on cars (Figure 6). Because 40% work in Center City (the highest live/work ratio in the city and region) and another 12% work in University City, 60% get to work without a car. 10% 10% By contrast, 60% of the residents of the balance of Philadelphia and GREATER ALL OTHER 80% of the residents of surrounding counties depend on cars for CENTER CITY TASKER ST their daily commute. In Greater Center City, the closer one lives to the core, within the pre-automobile street-grid established in the 17th and 18th centu- ries, the lower the dependency on a car for commuting (Figure 5). In 41% 39% the neighborhoods of Rittenhouse Square, Chinatown, Washington ELSEWHERE IN METRO AREA PHILADELPHIA OUTSIDE Square, and Logan Square, more people walk to work than drive PHILADELPHIA (Figure 4). In almost all of Greater Center City, the majority of com- muters get to work by means other than a car; the only exceptions are neighborhoods at the periphery, along I-76 and I-95, like Grays Ferry, Pennsport, the Waterfront and Northern Liberties. Overall, Center City has the lowest reverse-commute rate to the suburbs (24%) of any portion of Philadelphia. Source: US Census Bureau, Local Employment - Household Dynamics, 2014 CENTER CITY DISTRICT & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WWW.CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG 3 FIGURE 4: COMMUTING MODE BY NEIGHBORHOOD CAR TRANSIT WALK BIKE HOME OTHER RITTENHOUSE 25% 16% 42% 5% 9% 2% CHINATOWN 28% 17% 50% 2% 2% 1% WASHINGTON SQUARE 28% 22% 39% 5% 5% 1% LOGAN SQUARE 33% 17% 42% 4% 4% 1% OLD CITY 35% 37% 21% 3% 4% 0% BELLA VISTA 36% 22% 27% 6% 7% 2% POINT BREEZE 37% 40% 10% 8% 5% 0% GRADUATE HOSPITAL 37% 21% 29% 8% 3% 2% PASSYUNK SQUARE 38% 32% 14% 11% 3% 2% QUEEN VILLAGE 40% 21% 21% 6% 10% 2% LOFT DISTRICT 40% 24% 22% 6% 7% 2% SOCIETY HILL 44% 21% 22% 3% 9% 1% FAIRMOUNT 47% 25% 16% 6% 5% 2% GRAYS FERRY 48% 37% 6% 6% 3% 0% NORTHERN LIBERTIES 56% 26% 8% 2% 6% 2% PENNSPORT 56% 23% 8% 10% 2% 2% WATERFRONT 63% 16% 10% 1% 8% 1% 0% 20% 40% 60%80% 100% Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2014 5-Year Estimates FIGURE 5: COMMUTING WITHOUT A CAR, GREATER CENTER CITY 81%100% CALLOWHILL/POPLAR NORTHERN LIBERTIES 61%80% FAIRMOUNT/SPRING GARDEN 41%60% 21%40% 0%20% VINE ST NO DATA LOGAN SQUARE CORE CENTER CITY Source: US Census Bureau, CHINATOWN OLD CITY American Community Survey 2014 5-Year Estimates UNIVERSITY CITY CAMDEN WATERFRONT RITTENHOUSE WASHINGTON SQARE WEST SOCIETY HILL SOUTH ST GREATER CENTER CITY GRADUATE HOSPITAL BELLA VISTA QUEEN VILLAGE GRAYS FERRY POINT BREEZE PASSYUNK SQUARE PENNSPORT TASKER ST 4 Peter Tobia GETTING TO WORK, CITY AND REGION AN AVERAGE OF 25% OF THE WORK- Beyond the downtown core, auto-free commuting is possible along subway and trolley lines that were extended in the early 20th ING RESIDENTS OF NEIGHBORHOODS century into Lower North, West, South, and Southwest Philadel- phia (Figure 7).⁴ In those areas, more than half of workers reach OUTSIDE THE DOWNTOWN COMMUTE their job without using a car. The Regional Rail lines, particularly in Northwest Philadelphia, provide good connectivity as well to Center TO JOBS IN CENTER CITY; ANOTHER City and University City.