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Focus on Membrane Technology for Water Treatment FocusFocus onon MembraneMembrane TechnologyTechnology forfor WaterWater TreatmentTreatment Toray Industries, Inc. 1 September 2003 Dr. Masaru Kurihara CONTENTCONTENT 1.1. WorldWorld WaterWater ProblemProblem 2.2. WaterWater TreatmentTreatment MembranesMembranes 3.3. RORO MembranesMembranes && NFNF MembranesMembranes 4.4. UFUF MembranesMembranes && MFMF MembranesMembranes -- DrinkingDrinking WaterWater ProductionProduction -- 5.5. ImmersedImmersed MembranesMembranes forfor WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment 6.6. ConclusionConclusion 2 IntroductionIntroduction ofof DoctorDoctor M.M. KuriharaKurihara Title: Toray Industries, Inc. Senior Director In charge of Water Treatment Division, Technology Center (Water Treatment Technology Center), and Research & Development Division Director of International Desalination Association (IDA) Vice President of Japan Desalination Association (JDA) Director of Japan Membrane Society, Part-time lecturer at Kyoto University Personal History: 1963 Joined Toray Ind., Inc. 1970 Doctoral Dissertation at the University of Tokyo Membrane Research with Prof. J.K. Stille at the University of Iowa as Post-Doctoral Fellow 1991 General Manager, Polymers Research Labs Awards: 1992 Chemical Society of Japan Technical Award 2002 International Desalination Association Presidential Award 2003 Okochi Memorial Production Prize 3 TorayToray –– TheThe LeaderLeader inin ““AdvancedAdvanced MaterialsMaterials”” AchievingAchieving High High Growth Growth by by Constantly Constantly Supplying Supplying “Advanced “Advanced Materials”Materials” – – Developed Developed withwith ourour CoreCore TechnologiesTechnologies –– into into ourour Three Three Growth Growth Areas Areas (an (an expansion expansion of of our our four four strategic strategic businessbusiness areas)areas) <Advanced Materials> - Nanofibers Four Strategic - High-performance Fibers <Three Growth Areas> Business Areas <Core Technologies> and Resins Electronics & Info- IT-related Products Organic Synthetic - Nano-alloy Materials Related Products Chemistry - Advanced Electronics Materials Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals Polymer Chemistry - Biomaterials - Separation Materials Water Treatment Biochemistry - High-performance Composite Environment Safety Materials Amenity - Recycling Materials Carbon Fiber 4 WorldWorld WaterWater ShortageShortage -- NowNow andand FutureFuture (WMO and others, 1996) 1995 Main regions which have high water shortage percentages of more than 20% Water 1995: Shortage More than 1) >40% : Middle East, Singapore, 40% = Korea, Pakistan 40 - 20% 2) 20 - 40%: India, Mexico, Europe 20 - 10% Less than (excluding UK and France), 10% Taiwan, South Africa 2025 2025: 1) >40% : Middle East, Korea, Pakistan, India, Algeria, South Africa, etc. 2) 20 - 40%: Mexico, China, USA, Water shortage presumed to continue worldwide Europe (excluding Water shortage presumed to continue worldwide UK) especially in Europe, the U.S.A., and China by 2025 especially in Europe, the U.S.A., and China by 2025 5 WaterWater ProblemProblem andand MeMembranembrane TechnologyTechnology Water Problem Membrane Technology for Water Treatment Water Region, Country Water Fresh Water Wastewater Resource Desalination Reuse & Pollution Treatment Shortage Reclamation United States Problem Problem In operation In operation Construction Benelux Problem Being applied In operation UK, France Problem In operation Being applied Spain Problem Problem Being applied In operation Being applied Saudi Arabia Severe In operation Planning Kuwait Severe In operation Construction China Problem Severe Being applied Being Planning applied Singapore Severe In operation In operation In operation Japan Problem In operation In operation Water resources are extending from fresh water 6 to sea water and wastewater. WaterWater TreatmentTreatment MembranesMembranes 7 MembranesMembranes andand RelativeRelative SizeSize ofof CommonCommon MaterialsMaterials Ultrafiltration Microfiltration MF Nanofiltration UF Membrane Reverse Osmosis NF RO Size (micrometer) 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Cl- ion Pesticide, Organic Material Influenza Virus Algae, Mad Relative Size Na+ion of Zn2+ion Vibrio Cholerae Common F- ion Virus 2+ Polio Virus Coliform Materials Pb ion Cryptosporidium NO -ion 3 Hepatitis A Virus Trihalomethane Bacillus anthracis Sea Water Desalination Wastewater Treatment Application Brackish Water Desalination Drinking Water 8 Wastewater Treatment Drinking Water Drinking Water SeparationSeparation CharacteristicsCharacteristics ofof VariousVarious MembranesMembranes RO/NF Membranes UF/MF Membranes Low MW Middle to high organic materials MW materials (Mw <= 200) (Mw >200) Ions Dissolved Suspended Solid Monovalent ions Multivalent ions Matter Particles Permeation Water and Water Rejection Membrane Membrane RO: Molecular interaction MF: Dynamic separation Separation Solution diffusion Size exclusion Mechanism Electric repulsion NF: Size exclusion UF: Electric repulsion RO: <1 nm UF: 10~100 nm Pore Size NF: 1~10 nm MF: >100 nm 9 Global Capacity of Membrane Filtration Plants 3 ) 12,000 3 /d x10 10,000 0 8,000 0 6,000 0 Installed 4,000Capacity0 (m Annual Total 2,000 0 Cumulative Total Crypto outbreak Contracted 0 Potential New Cumulativ e Es timate 0 RO+NF 1985 1986 RO&NF Cumulative 1987 1988 Crypto outbreak 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 MF&UF Cumulative 1994 Cumulative 1995 Estimated 1996 1997 MF&UF Annual1998 Potentiality 1999 Number of 2000 Contracts 2001 2002 10 Membrane Applications - Conventional & New Technologies : New membrane products ( ) : in R & D Water treatment processes Technical target Toray’s products Multi Stage Flush (MSF) RO membrane with high boron Single Stage Low cost removal SWRO Conventional (=High recovery) Sea- Drinking water water NF membrane for NF Multi stage High quality flush (MSF) scaling inhibition (Low boron conc.) Desalination New Brine conversion RO membrane NF Two-stage SWRO for brine conversion system Coagulation & Sand PAN hollow fiber River Sedimentation Filter Security UF membrane Conv. Drinking Lake conservation water Ground Removal of Coagulation & MF/UF PVDF hollow fiber production cryptosporidium New Sedimentation membrane MF(UF) membrane Drinking water Drinking Activated PVDF MF/UF flat Sludge Sedimentation Discharge sheet membrane for Conv. Sewage High quality MBR & for reuse and Ind. MF/UF Membrane Low-fouling Drinking Low-fouling RO treatment reclamation 11 Wastewater Wastewater New Bio-Reactor (MBR) RO water membrane Toray ’s Membranes & Applications 1. RO & NF Membrane Romembra 1) Seawater & brackish water desalination 2) Ultra pure water production 3) Harmful material removal TM * 4) Wastewater reuse Product tube 2. PAN Hollow Fiber UF Membrane Brine seal Feed water Permeate Brine 1) Industrial process water production Mesh spacer Feed water 2) Drinking water production Torayfil Permeate RO membrane TM Permeate carrier 3) Wastewater reuse * 1078mm 114mm (diameter) 12 TorayToray’’ss MembranesMembranes && ApplicationsApplications 3. PVDF Hollow Fiber MF Membrane 8 inches Torayfil-F TM* 2m length 1) Drinking water production 2) Industrial process water production 3) Pre-treatment for seawater desalination 4) Wastewater reuse Element 4. PVDF Flat Sheet MF Membrane Permeate for MBR 1) Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment 2) Municipal and industrial wastewater reuse 13 RORO MembranesMembranes && NFNF MembranesMembranes 14 Structure of RO Membrane Element Feed Separation Membrane Crosslinked Aromatic Polyamide 0.2 micrometer Structure of Support MembraneRO Membrane Polysulfone 45 micrometer Polyester Taffta Structure of RO Element Filtrate Substrate Polyester Taffta Structure150 of micrometerComposite Membrane Center Tube Brine Seal Feed Permeate Water Brine Feed Water Water Feed Water Spacer Permeate RO Membrane Permeate Spacer 15 ApplicationApplication ofof RORO MembranesMembranes 1. Industrial Ultra Pure Water Industrial Process Water 3. Wastewater Pure Water for Boilers Recovery of Valuables Reuse & Food Industry Process Water Reclamation Industry RO Membranes Agriculture Indirect Drinking 2. Drinking Water Water Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination 16 Water Production Cost ) 3 100 Sea Water Desalination (MSF) 50 Sea Water Desalination (RO) Water Production Cost (yen/m 0 Wastewater Reuse (MF + RO) MSF (literature) Singapore Ground water Surface Water Water resource can be chosen3 by country. Water resource13 6can,000 be(m chosen/d) (200 1by) country. Treatment (MF) Kuwait 310,000 (m3/d) (2004) Estimation 100,000 (m3/d) (2002) 17 ProgressProgress ofof RORO SeawatSeawaterer DesalinationDesalination PlantsPlants 1980‘s 1990‘s 2000‘s Recovery % 25 40 -50 55 -65 psig 1,000 1,200 1,400 Operational Pressure (MPa) (6.9) (8.25) (9.7) Product Water mg/l 500 300 <200 Quality (TDS) Energy kWh/kgal 45 21 17.4 Consumption (kWh/m3) (12) (5.5) (4.6) I. Moch, Pre-prints of ADA Conference in Lake Tahoe (2000) Progress of membrane technology realized Progress of membrane technology realized 18 goodgood qualityquality andand energyenergy saving.saving. SeaSea WaterWater DesalinationDesalination RORO MembranesMembranes inin GlobalGlobal MarketMarket Module Type Supplier Product Material Morphology Toray SU-800 Dow/ SW-30 Filmtech Composite Spiral Crosslinked Koch/ Membrane TFCL-HP Aromatic Polyamide Fluidosystems Nitto Denko/ NTR-SWC Hydranautics Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Toyobo HOLLOSEP Cellulose Triacetate Membrane CrosslinkedCrosslinked aromatic aromatic polyamide/spirpolyamide/spiralal modulemodule isis globalglobal standard.standard. ToyoboToyobo isis thethe
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