DOCSLIB.ORG

Streptomyces Asenjonii Sp. Nov., Isolated from Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert Soils and Emended Description of Streptomyces Viridosporus Pridham Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Streptomyces Asenjonii Sp. Nov., Isolated from Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert Soils and Emended Description of Streptomyces Viridosporus Pridham Et Al View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2017) 110:1133–1148 DOI 10.1007/s10482-017-0886-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Streptomyces asenjonii sp. nov., isolated from hyper-arid Atacama Desert soils and emended description of Streptomyces viridosporus Pridham et al. 1958 Michael Goodfellow . Kanungnid Busarakam . Hamidah Idris . David P. Labeda . Imen Nouioui . Roselyn Brown . Byung-Yong Kim . Maria del Carmen Montero-Calasanz . Barbara A. Andrews . Alan T. Bull Received: 10 February 2017 / Accepted: 5 May 2017 / Published online: 6 June 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract A polyphasic study was undertaken to distinguish them from S. ghanaensis NRRL B-12104T, establish the taxonomic status of Streptomyces strains their near phylogenetic neighbour. On the basis of isolated from hyper-arid Atacama Desert soils. Anal- these genotypic and phenotypic data it is proposed that ysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates the isolates be recognised as a new species within the showed that they formed a well-defined lineage that genus Streptomyces, named Streptomyces asenjonii was loosely associated with the type strains of several sp. nov. The type strain of the species is KNN35.1bT Streptomyces species. Multi-locus sequence analysis (NCIMB 15082T = NRRL B-65050T). Some of the based on five housekeeping gene alleles showed that isolates, including the type strain, showed antibacte- the strains form a homogeneous taxon that is closely rial activity in standard plug assays. In addition, related to the type strains of Streptomyces ghanaensis MLSA, average nucleotide identity and phenotypic and Streptomyces viridosporus. Representative iso- data show that the type strains of S. ghanaensis and S. lates were shown to have chemotaxonomic and viridosporus belong to the same species. Conse- morphological properties consistent with their classi- quently, it is proposed that the former be recognised fication in the genus Streptomyces. The isolates have as a heterotypic synonym of the latter and an emended many phenotypic features in common, some of which description is given for S. viridosporus. Keywords Streptomyces Polyphasic taxonomy Electronic supplementary material The online version of Á Á this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-017-0886-7) contains supple- Hyper-arid Á Atacama Desert mentary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Goodfellow (&) Á K. Busarakam Á A. T. Bull H. Idris Á I. Nouioui Á R. Brown Á School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, M. del Carmen Montero-Calasanz Kent CT2 7NJ, UK School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK B. A. Andrews e-mail: [email protected] Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, D. P. Labeda University of Chile, Beauchef, 851 Santiago, Chile National Centre for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61614, USA B.-Y. Kim Chunlab Inc., Seoul Natural University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea 123 1134 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2017) 110:1133–1148 Introduction Tocana˜o (23°1703300S, 68°1009900W at 2219 m above sea level), using the dilution plate procedure described The prospect of isolating novel filamentous actinobac- by Okoro et al. (2009). The strains were isolated on teria that synthesise new specialised metabolites is Gauze’s No.1 agar (KNN6.11a) (Zakharova et al. enhanced when bioprospecting strategies are focused 2003), humic acid-vitamin agar (KNN35.1bT, on neglected and unexplored habitats (Hong et al. KNN35.2b) (Hayakawa and Nonomura 1987) and 2009; Tiwari and Gupta 2012; Guo et al. 2015), SM1 agar (KNN48.3e, KNN83.e) (Tan et al. 2006) including desert soils (Meklat et al. 2011; Boubetra following incubation for 14 days at 28 °C. Similarly, et al. 2013). The most extensive surveys of culturable the final strain, KNN42.f, was isolated from a starch- actinobacterial diversity in desert biomes have been casein agar plate (Ku¨ster and Williams 1964) follow- concentrated on sites in the Atacama Desert in ing inoculation with a suspension of an extreme hyper- northern Chile, the driest non-polar desert on the arid soil collected by ATB in 2010 from the Yungay planet (Bull and Asenjo 2013; Bull et al. 2016). The core region of the Atacama Desert (24°06018.600S, application of a taxonomic approach to drug discovery 70°01055.600W at 1016 m asl). These strains, together (Goodfellow and Fiedler 2010) has been effective in with Streptomyces ghanaensis NRRL B12104T (Wall- the isolation of putatively novel filamentous acti- ha¨user et al. 1965), were maintained on yeast extract— nobacteria from Atacama Desert habitats, some of malt extract agar (International Streptomyces Project which produce novel natural products (Bull et al. [ISP2] medium., Shirling and Gottlieb 1966) and as 2016; Wichner et al. 2016). Indeed, polyphasic suspensions of spores and hyphal fragments in 20%, taxonomic studies on dereplicated actinobacteria iso- v/v glycerol at -20 and -80 °C. Biomass samples for lated from hyper-arid and extreme hyper-arid Ata- most of the chemotaxonomic analyses and for the 16S cama Desert soils have led to the description of novel rRNA gene sequencing studies were prepared in shake species of Lechevalieria (Okoro et al. 2010), Lentzea flasks (180 revolutions per minute) of ISP 2 broth after (Idris et al. 2017a) and Modestobacter (Busarakam incubation at 28 °C for 14 days and washed twice in et al. 2016a) and to the detection of rare thermophilic distilled water. Cells for the chemotaxonomic analyses Amycolatopsis species (Busarakam et al. 2016b). In were freeze-dried and those for the sequencing studies addition, several new Streptomyces species have been stored at room temperature. Biomass preparations for described (Santhanam et al. 2012a, b, 2013; Idris et al. the fatty acid analyses were harvested from shake 2017b), one of which, Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii flasks of Tryptic Soy broth (Difco) following incuba- (Busarakam et al. 2014), encompasses strains that tion at 28 °C for 7 days. synthesise novel antibiotics (Nachtigall et al. 2011; Rateb et al. 2011a, b) and chaxapeptin, a new lasso Phylogenetic analysis peptide (Elsayed et al. 2015). The present study was designed to establish the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Genomic DNA extrac- taxonomic position of several closely related Atacama tion, PCR-mediated amplification of 16S rRNA genes Desert streptomycetes. These strains were the subject and purification of the resultant products were carried of a polyphasic taxonomic study which showed that out on all of the isolates using the procedures they belong to a new species, Streptomyces asenjonii described by Kim and Goodfellow (2002). Identifica- sp. nov. tion of phylogenetic neighbours and calculation of pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were achieved using the EzTaxon-e server (http://www. Materials and methods ezbiocloud.net/taxonomy; Yoon et al. 2017) and the resultant sequences aligned using the CLUSTAL W Isolation, maintenance and cultivation of strains algorithm from the MEGA 6 software package (Ta- mura et al. 2013). Phylogenetic analyses using the Isolates KNN6.11a, KNN35.1bT, KNN35.2b, maximum-likelihood (ML) (Felsenstein 1981) and KNN48.3e and KNN83.e were recovered from a maximum-parsimony (MP) algorithms (Fitch 1971) hyper-arid soil collected in 2012 by one of us (ATB) were also realised using the GGDC web server (Meier- from the Chaxa de Laguna, Salar de Atacama near Kolthoff et al. 2013a) of the DSMZ phylogenomics 123 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2017) 110:1133–1148 1135 pipeline (Meier-Kolthoff et al. 2014) adapted to single Draft genome preparation and ANI calculations genes available at http://ggdc.dsmz.de/. ML and MP trees were inferred from the alignment with RAxML The draft genome sequence of Streptomyces viri- (Stamatakis 2014) and TNT (Goloboff et al. 2008), dosporus NRRL 2414T was prepared following the respectively. The topologies of the resultant trees were protocol outlined in Labeda et al. (2016) with the evaluated by bootstrap analyses (Felsenstein 1985) exception that CLCbio Genomic Workbench Version based on 1000 replicates used in conjunction with tree- 9.5.3 (CLCbio; Boston, MA) was used for contig bisection-and-reconnection branch swapping and ten trimming and de novo assembly. This Whole Genome additional random sequence replicates for MP and Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/ rapid bootstrapping in conjunction with the auto MRE GenBank under the accession MSGP00000000. bootstopping criterion (Pattengale et al. 2010) for ML. The draft genome sequence of NRRL 2414T was The trees were rooted using the 16S rRNA gene compared with the draft genomes sequences of S. sequence of Streptomyces albus subspecies albus viridosporus T7A (Genbank accession number DSM 40317T (GenBank accession number AJFD00000000), S. ghanaensis ATCC 14672T (Gen- AJ621602). The V2 test implemented in PAUP* Bank accession number ABYA00000000), Strepto- (Swofford 2002) was used to check for compositional myces hirsutus NRRL B-3713T (GenBank accession bias. Pairwise sequence similarities were calculated number LIQT00000000), and Streptomyces cyanoalbus using the method recommended by Meier-Kolthoff NRRL B-3040T (GenBank accession number LIPS0000 et al. (2013b) for 16S rRNA genes and a multiple 0000) obtained from Genbank utilising the calcu- sequence alignment was created with MUSCLE late_ani.py
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Actinobacterial Diversity of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes
    ACTINOBACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF THE ETHIOPIAN RIFT VALLEY LAKES By Gerda Du Plessis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae (M.Sc.) in the Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Prof. D.A. Cowan Co-Supervisor: Dr. I.M. Tuffin November 2011 DECLARATION I declare that „The Actinobacterial diversity of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university, and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. ------------------------------------------------- Gerda Du Plessis ii ABSTRACT The class Actinobacteria consists of a heterogeneous group of filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that colonise most terrestrial and aquatic environments. The industrial and biotechnological importance of the secondary metabolites produced by members of this class has propelled it into the forefront of metagenomic studies. The Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes are characterized by several physical extremes, making it a polyextremophilic environment and a possible untapped source of novel actinobacterial species. The aims of the current study were to identify and compare the eubacterial diversity between three geographically divided soda lakes within the ERV focusing on the actinobacterial subpopulation. This was done by means of a culture-dependent (classical culturing) and culture-independent (DGGE and ARDRA) approach. The results indicate that the eubacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries were similar in composition with a predominance of α-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in all three lakes. Conversely, the actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries were significantly different and could be used to distinguish between sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinobacteria, <I>Streptomyces</I
    Journal of Microbiology Research 2018, 8(4): 97-102 DOI: 10.5923/j.microbiology.20180804.02 Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Streptomyces gancidicus Strain SN-3 from Soil Samples Sreenivasa Nayaka1,*, Chethan J. Dandin2, Girish Babu K.1, Ravichandra Hospet1, Pallavi S. S.1, Bidhayak Chakaraborty1 1Department of P.G. Studies Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India 2Department of P.G. Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India Abstract The present work was carried out for four Actinomycetes SN-1, SN-2, SN-3 and SN-4 isolated from soil samples of agricultural fields near University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. Isolates were subjected for the screening of antimicrobial analysis by the cross streak method. Among four isolates the strain SN-3 has shown good antimicrobial activity. Morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopic analysis followed by physiological and biochemical characterizations were performed. The potent strain was identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequence (987 bp) and a phylogenetic tree was correlated with other species Streptomyces spp and finally, the strain was confirmed and identified as Streptomyces gancidicus SN-3. Keywords Actinobacteria, Streptomyces gancidicus, Antimicrobial, 16S rRNA long and it may fragment into smaller units. Identification of 1. Introduction Actinomycetes filamentous structure using microscopic and scanning electron microscope is not enough further, the Soil considered as a good source of potent biochemical methods help in identification of isolates for microorganisms and is an excellent resource for genus level. Presently with advanced technology, the many identification and characterization of novel antibiotic researchers performing 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the producing microorganisms among which Actinomycetes are Actinomycetes isolates for the species level identification known for their potential features in the production of [6,7].
    [Show full text]
  • Induction of Secondary Metabolism Across Actinobacterial Genera
    Induction of secondary metabolism across actinobacterial genera A thesis submitted for the award Doctor of Philosophy at Flinders University of South Australia Rio Risandiansyah Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Flinders University 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ ii TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xii SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xiii DECLARATION ...................................................................................................... xv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... xvi Chapter 1. Literature review ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Actinobacteria as a source of novel bioactive compounds ......................... 1 1.1.1 Natural product discovery from actinobacteria .................................... 1 1.1.2 The need for new antibiotics ............................................................... 3 1.1.3 Secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in actinobacteria ........... 4 1.1.4 Streptomyces genetic potential: cryptic/silent genes ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Characterization of a New Endophytic Streptomyces Kebangsaanensis Identifies Biosynthetic Pathway Gene Clusters for Novel Phenazine Antibiotic Production
    Genomic characterization of a new endophytic Streptomyces kebangsaanensis identifies biosynthetic pathway gene clusters for novel phenazine antibiotic production Juwairiah Remali1, Nurul `Izzah Mohd Sarmin2, Chyan Leong Ng3, John J.L. Tiong4, Wan M. Aizat3, Loke Kok Keong3 and Noraziah Mohamad Zin1 1 School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Centre of PreClinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 4 School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Background. Streptomyces are well known for their capability to produce many bioac- tive secondary metabolites with medical and industrial importance. Here we report a novel bioactive phenazine compound, 6-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenoxy) carbonyl) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (HCPCA) extracted from Streptomyces kebangsaanensis, an endophyte isolated from the ethnomedicinal Portulaca oleracea. Methods. The HCPCA chemical structure was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conducted whole genome sequencing for the identification of the gene cluster(s) believed to be responsible for phenazine biosynthesis in order to map its corresponding pathway, in addition to bioinformatics analysis to assess the potential of S. kebangsaanensis in producing other useful secondary metabolites. Results. The S. kebangsaanensis genome comprises an 8,328,719 bp linear chromosome Submitted 8 May 2017 with high GC content (71.35%) consisting of 12 rRNA operons, 81 tRNA, and Accepted 4 August 2017 Published 29 November 2017 7,558 protein coding genes. We identified 24 gene clusters involved in polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, terpene, bacteriocin, and siderophore biosynthesis, as well as Corresponding author Noraziah Mohamad Zin, a gene cluster predicted to be responsible for phenazine biosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Soil Streptomycetes With
    Hamid et al. BMC Microbiology (2020) 20:33 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-1717-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diversity and geographic distribution of soil streptomycetes with antagonistic potential against actinomycetoma-causing Streptomyces sudanensis in Sudan and South Sudan Mohamed E. Hamid1,2,3, Thomas Reitz1,4, Martin R. P. Joseph2, Kerstin Hommel1, Adil Mahgoub3, Mogahid M. Elhassan5, François Buscot1,4 and Mika Tarkka1,4* Abstract Background: Production of antibiotics to inhibit competitors affects soil microbial community composition and contributes to disease suppression. In this work, we characterized whether Streptomyces bacteria, prolific antibiotics producers, inhibit a soil borne human pathogenic microorganism, Streptomyces sudanensis. S. sudanensis represents the major causal agent of actinomycetoma – a largely under-studied and dreadful subcutaneous disease of humans in the tropics and subtropics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro S. sudanensis inhibitory potential of soil streptomycetes isolated from different sites in Sudan, including areas with frequent (mycetoma belt) and rare actinomycetoma cases of illness. Results: Using selective media, 173 Streptomyces isolates were recovered from 17 sites representing three ecoregions and different vegetation and ecological subdivisions in Sudan. In total, 115 strains of the 173 (66.5%) displayed antagonism against S. sudanensis with different levels of inhibition. Strains isolated from the South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion (Northern Sudan) exhibited higher inhibitory potential than those strains isolated from the East Sudanian savanna ecoregion located in the south and southeastern Sudan, or the strains isolated from the Sahelian Acacia savanna ecoregion located in central and western Sudan. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, isolates were predominantly related to Streptomyces werraensis, S.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Streptomyces and Non Streptomyces Actinomycetes Isolated from Soils Surrounding Sana'a High Mountain
    International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2016, PP 19-31 ISSN 2394-5885 (Print) & ISSN 2394-5893 (Online) New Records of Streptomyces and Non Streptomyces Actinomycetes Isolated from Soils Surrounding Sana'a High Mountain Qais Yusuf M. Abdullah1, Maher Ali. Al-Maqtari2, Ola, A A. Al-Awadhi3 Abdullah Y. Al-Mahdi 4 Department of Biology, Microbiology Section Faculty of Science, Sana'a University1, 3, 4 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University2 ABSTRACT Actinomycetes are ubiquitous soil-dwelling saprophytes known to produce secondary metabolites may of which are antibiotic. 20 soil samples were collected from three different sites at high altitude environments surrounding Sana'a city, which ranged from 2300-3000 m above sea level as a prime source of promising native rare actinomycetes. 516 actinomycetes isolates were isolated in pure culture and five selective pretreatment isolation methods. Out of 232 isolates, 26 actinomycetes showing good activity. The identification of 26 selected actinomycetes based on cultural morphology, physiology and biochemical characterization. From the preceding bacteria, thirteen actinomycetes were recorded for the first time from Yemeni soil of these: four non-Streptomyces namely (Intrasporangium sp., Nocardiodes luteus, Sporichthya polymorpha and Streptovirticillium cinnamoneum) and nine Streptomyces namely (S. anulatus, S. celluloflavus, S. cellulosae, S. chromofucus, S. erythrogriseus, S. flavidvirens, S. flavissimus, S. globosus and S. griseoflavus). The results of this study suggested that the soil of high mountains such as Sana'a Mountains could be an interesting source to explore new strains that recorded for the first time in Yemen, Sana'a City.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Streptomyces Species Causing Common Scab Disease in Newfoundland Agriculture Research Initiative Project
    Dawn Bignell Memorial University [email protected] Characterization of Streptomyces species causing common scab disease in Newfoundland Agriculture Research Initiative Project #ARI-1314-005 FINAL REPORT Submitted by Dr. Dawn R. D. Bignell March 31, 2014 Page 1 of 34 Dawn Bignell Memorial University [email protected] Executive Summary Potato common scab is an important disease in Newfoundland and Labrador and is characterized by the presence of unsightly lesions on the potato tuber surface. Such lesions reduce the quality and market value of both fresh market and seed potatoes and lead to significant economic losses to potato growers. Currently, there are no control strategies available to farmers that can consistently and effectively manage scab disease. Common scab is caused by different Streptomyces bacteria that are naturally present in the soil. Most of these organisms are known to produce a plant toxin called thaxtomin A, which contributes to disease development. Among the new scab control strategies that are currently being proposed are those aimed at reducing or eliminating the production of thaxtomin A by these bacteria in soils. However, such strategies require a thorough knowledge of the types of pathogenic Streptomyces bacteria that are prevalent in the soil and whether such pathogens have the ability to produce this toxic metabolite. Currently, no such information exists for the scab-causing pathogens that are present in the soils of Newfoundland. This project entitled “Characterization of Streptomyces species causing common scab disease in Newfoundland” is the first study that provides information on the types of pathogenic Streptomyces species that are present in the province and the virulence factors that are used by these microbes to induce the scab disease symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Insights Into the Evolution of Hybrid Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the MAR4 Marine Streptomycete Clade
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Genomic insights into the evolution of hybrid isoprenoid biosynthetic gene clusters in the MAR4 marine streptomycete clade. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9944f7t4 Journal BMC genomics, 16(1) ISSN 1471-2164 Authors Gallagher, Kelley A Jensen, Paul R Publication Date 2015-11-17 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-2110-3 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Gallagher and Jensen BMC Genomics (2015) 16:960 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-2110-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genomic insights into the evolution of hybrid isoprenoid biosynthetic gene clusters in the MAR4 marine streptomycete clade Kelley A. Gallagher and Paul R. Jensen* Abstract Background: Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular genetics of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Coupled with increased access to genome sequence data, new insight can be gained into the diversity and distributions of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and the evolutionary processes that generate them. Here we examine the distribution of gene clusters predicted to encode the biosynthesis of a structurally diverse class of molecules called hybrid isoprenoids (HIs) in the genus Streptomyces. These compounds are derived from a mixed biosynthetic origin that is characterized by the incorporation of a terpene moiety onto a variety of chemical scaffolds and include many potent antibiotic and cytotoxic agents. Results: One hundred and twenty Streptomyces genomes were searched for HI biosynthetic gene clusters using ABBA prenyltransferases (PTases) as queries. These enzymes are responsible for a key step in HI biosynthesis. The strains included 12 that belong to the ‘MAR4’ clade, a largely marine-derived lineage linked to the production of diverse HI secondary metabolites.
    [Show full text]
  • African Journal of Biotechnology
    OPEN ACCESS African Journal of Biotechnology 20 September 2010 ISSN 1684-5315 DOI: 10.5897/AJB www.academicjournals.org About AJB The African Journal of Biotechnology (AJB) is a peer reviewed journal which commenced publication in 2002. AJB publishes articles from all areas of biotechnology including medical and pharmaceutical biotechnology, molecular diagnostics, applied biochemistry, industrial microbiology, molecular biology, bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics, transcriptomics and genome editing, food and agricultural technologies, and metabolic engineering. Manuscripts on economic and ethical issues relating to biotechnology research are also considered. Indexing CAB Abstracts, CABI’s Global Health Database, Chemical Abstracts (CAS Source Index) Dimensions Database, Google Scholar, Matrix of Information for The Analysis of Journals (MIAR), Microsoft Academic, Research Gate Open Access Policy Open Access is a publication model that enables the dissemination of research articles to the global community without restriction through the internet. All articles published under open access can be accessed by anyone with internet connection. The African Journals of Biotechnology is an Open Access journal. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published in this journal are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication without any form of restriction. Article License All articles published by African Journal of Biotechnology are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Actinobacteria
    Chapter 1 An Introduction to Actinobacteria Ranjani Anandan, Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai and Gopinath Ponnusamy Manogaran Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62329 Abstract Actinobacteria, which share the characteristics of both bacteria and fungi, are widely dis‐ tributed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, mainly in soil, where they play an es‐ sential role in recycling refractory biomaterials by decomposing complex mixtures of polymers in dead plants and animals and fungal materials. They are considered as the bi‐ otechnologically valuable bacteria that are exploited for its secondary metabolite produc‐ tion. Approximately, 10,000 bioactive metabolites are produced by Actinobacteria, which is 45% of all bioactive microbial metabolites discovered. Especially Streptomyces species produce industrially important microorganisms as they are a rich source of several useful bioactive natural products with potential applications. Though it has various applica‐ tions, some Actinobacteria have its own negative effect against plants, animals, and hu‐ mans. On this context, this chapter summarizes the general characteristics of Actinobacteria, its habitat, systematic classification, various biotechnological applications, and negative impact on plants and animals. Keywords: Actinobacteria, Characteristics, Habitat, Types, Secondary metabolites, Appli‐ cations, Pathogens 1. Introduction Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content in their DNA, which can be terrestrial or aquatic. Though they are unicellular like bacteria, they do not have distinct cell wall, but they produce a mycelium that is nonseptate and more slender. Actinobacteria include some of the most common soil, freshwater, and marine type, playing an important role in decomposition of organic materials, such as cellulose and chitin, thereby playing a vital part in organic matter turnover and carbon cycle, replenishing the supply of nutrients in the soil, and is an important part of humus formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligomycins a and E, Major Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces Sp
    Oligomycins A and E, major bioactive secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. strain HG29 isolated from a Saharan soil N. Khebizi, H. Boudjella, Christian Bijani, N. Bouras, H. P. Klenk, F. Pont, Florence Mathieu, N. Sabaou To cite this version: N. Khebizi, H. Boudjella, Christian Bijani, N. Bouras, H. P. Klenk, et al.. Oligomycins A and E, major bioactive secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. strain HG29 isolated from a Saharan soil. Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale, Elsevier Masson, 2018, 28 (1), pp.150-160. 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.10.007. hal-01963621 HAL Id: hal-01963621 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01963621 Submitted on 15 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/21138 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.10.007 To cite this version: Khebizi, Noura and Boudjella, Hadjira and Bijani, Christian and Bouras, Noureddine and Klenk, Hans-Peter and Pont, Frédéric and Mathieu, Florence and Sabaou, Nasserdine Oligomycins A and E, major bioactive secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Streptomyces Spp. in Desert and Savanna Soils in Sudan
    Diversity of Streptomyces spp. in desert and savanna soils in Sudan Mohamed E HAMID ( [email protected] ) King Khalid University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-827X Adil Mahgoub University of Khartoum Abderaham J. Osman Omdurman Islamic University Hussein A Elhussein University of Khartoum Mohammed A.I. Holie Alzaiem Alazhari University Mogahid M Elhassan Taibah University Martin R.P. Joseph King Khalid University Research note Keywords: Actinomycetes, ecosystem, biodiversity, phenotypic identication, 16S rRNA gene. Posted Date: October 16th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16084/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/13 Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate streptomycete populations in desert and savanna ecozones in Sudan and to identify species diversity on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results A total of 49 different Streptomyces phenotypes (23 from sites representing the desert and semi- desert zone; 26 representing the Savanna zone) have been included in the study. The isolates were characterized phenotypically and conrmed using 16S rRNA analysis. The two zones showed similarities and uniqueness in the types of isolates. Shared species were: Streptomyces werraensis , S. enissocaesilis, S. leeuwenhoekii –like, but desert zone revealed unique species such as S. griseostramineus, S. chromofuscus –like and S. prasinosporus . Whereas, the savanna zone revealed unique species such as S. albogriseolus, S. djakartensis, S. chilikensis and S. variabilis . Streptomycetes are widely distributed in both desert and the savannah ecozones and most of them require full descriptions. Extending knowledge on Streptomyces communities and their dynamics in different ecological zones for health and production benets is needed.
    [Show full text]