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The Urban Bridge: Walking Baghdad by Sarah Almaki a Thesis Submitted

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The Urban Bridge: Walking Baghdad by Sarah Almaki a Thesis Submitted The Urban Bridge: Walking Baghdad by Sarah Almaki A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture. Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2015 Sarah Almaki 1 The Urban Bridge Walking Baghdad 2 Acknowledgments This project would not be possible if it were not for my grandmother Wafiqa Alsaleh, and my aunt, Nawal Almaki, it was their life journeys that lead me to back to Baghdad. It would be impossible without my father, mother and sister; their relentless support gave me the strength I needed to pursue my passion. I would like to thank my friends and colleagues from all parts of the world, for each of them added a voice that helped relate my work back to the world. I would like to thank my professors Johan Voordouw, Roger Connah and Andrew King, without them questioning my stance on architecture I would not have found my way, and the Azrieli School of Architecture for opening its doors to inquiries of curious minds. This is a project of and for Baghdad; this city will forever be a part of me. 3 Contents Contents Acknowledgments Acknowledgments 2 3 3 Abstract Abstract 5 6 6 Introduction: City of Walls Introduction: City of Walls 9 10 10 1.Context: Reading Baghdad 1.Context: Reading Baghdad 13 14 14 1.1. Hard City 1.1. Hard City 13 14 14 1.1.1. The Nine Districts within the Walls 1.1.1. The Nine Districts within the Walls 15 16 16 1.1.2. Geographical Imaginations 1.1.2. Geographical Imaginations 18 19 19 1.1.3. The Walls 1.1.3. The Walls 25 26 26 1.2. Baghdad | Soft City 1.2. Baghdad | Soft City 29 30 30 1.2.1. Photography in Documenting the Wall 1.2.1. Photography in Documenting the Wall 31 32 32 1.2.2. A Memory Work Around the wall : a personal intervention 1.2.2. A Memory Work Around the wall : a personal intervention 37 38 38 1.3. The Metropolis of Baghdad as Text 1.3. The Metropolis of Baghdad as Text 39 40 40 1.3.1. The Metropolis 1.3.1. The Metropolis 41 42 42 1.3.2 The Baghdadian Flâneur 1.3.2 The Baghdadian Flâneur 44 44 44 2.Concept: Walking Baghdad 2.Concept: Walking Baghdad 47 48 48 2.1. The Act of Walking & Being Lost 2.1. The Act of Walking & Being Lost 49 50 50 2.2. Swings, Stairs & Pathways 2.2. Swings, Stairs & Pathways 53 54 54 3.Content: Re-stitching the City 3.Content: Re-stitching the City 55 56 56 3.1. The Urban Bridge 3.1. The Urban Bridge 57 58 58 3.2. The Enfilade 3.2. The Enfilade 63 64 64 3.3. Re-Constructing the Bridge 3.3. Re-Constructing the Bridge 75 74 74 3.4. Reconstructing the Image 3.4. Reconstructing the Image 77 76 76 Postscript Postscript 81 80 80 End Notes End Notes 83 82 82 Bibliography Bibliography 89 88 88 4 4 5 5 4 Abstract This Thesis started with an inquiry of the act of dwelling in movement within the city of Baghdad. The context in which Baghdadis build, live and move today is not stable, but meta-stable.1 To address the implications of this state of temporality, a study of movement namely, walking was conducted. The act of walking and being lost in any city can allow its inhabitants to dwell within the state of the meta-stable. For Baghdadis, such movement can help in coming to terms with the ambiguity and temporality of Baghdad as a severed city. This speculative work embodies two contrasting worlds; a collective memory of the city as it was – the soft city, and the reality of the severed, fragmented, walled city of today – the hard city. The pendulum swings. To bridge these two worlds, this enquiry explores the metropolis of Baghdad as a text, and posits the Baghdadian flâneur as its reader. As a vehicle for defining the act of being in a temporal state – not necessarily lost – a study of stairs, pathways and circulation networks is used to understand these transient moments within the volatile city. The inquiry then proceeds to investigate the connection between the existing walls of Baghdad and the proposed architecture. This is architecture of and for circulation. 5 أتعلمنيَ ّأيَ ٍحُزْن يبعثُ َامل َطر ؟ Do you know what sorrow the rain can inspire? َوَكيْفَ َتنْشج املزاريبُ إذا انْهَمَر ؟ Do you know how gutters weep when it pours down? وكيفَ يَشْعُرُ الوَحِيدُ فِيهِ بِ ّالض ِيَاع ؟ Do you know how lost a solitary person feels in the rain? بِﻻ انْتِهَاءٍ - َك ّالدَ ِم الْمُرَاقِ ، َكالْ ِجياع ، Endless, like spilt blood, like hungry people, like love, ِ ِ َكالْ ّحُب ، َك ْاﻷط َفال ، َكالْ َمَوْتى - هُوَ الْ َمَطر ! Like children, like the dead, endless the rain. ْوَمُق َل َتاكِ بِي ُت َطِيف ِان ِمَع الْ َمَطر Your two eyes take me wandering with the rain, وَعَبْرَ َأ ِمْوَاج َاخللِيج َتمْسَحُ ْالبُرُوق Lightning’s from across the Gulf َسَوَاحِل العِرَاقِ بِ ّالنُ ِجُوم وَالْمَحَار ، sweep the shores of Iraq With stars and shells, َ َ ِ كأنَّهَا َت ّهمُ ب ّالشُرُوق As if a dawn were about to break from them َفيَسْحَب ُالليل عليها مِنْ دَمٍ َدِثارْ . But night pulls over them a coverlet of blood. أصيح باخلليج : » يا خليجْ I cry out to the Gulf: ‘O Gulf, يا واهبَ اللؤلؤ ، واحملار ، والردى ! » Giver of pearls, shells and death!’ فريجعُ ّالصَدَى And the echo replies, كأنَّـه النشيجْ : As if lamenting: » يَا خَلِيجْ ‘O Gulf, يَا وَاهِبَ امل ِحَار وَالرَدَى ... َ ّ Giver of shells and death . َأ َكادُ َأسْمَعُ َالعِرَاق ْيذخرُ الرعودْ I can almost hear Iraq husbanding the thunder, وخيزن الربوق يف ِالسهول ْواجلبال ، Storing lightning in the mountains and plains, حتى إذا ما فضَ عنها ختمَها ِالرجال َ ّ ّ ْ So that if the seal were broken by men مل ترتك الرياحُ من مثودْ The winds would leave in the valley ي الوادِ من أثرْ . not a trace of Thamud. An extract from The Rain Song, a poem by the Iraqi poet Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab.2 6 Walking Baghdad Reading Baghdad Urban Bridge CONCEPT CONTEXT CONTENT Soft city Hard City Castle in the sky MC Escher Temporal Dwelling Flaneur Situationists International History of walking Rebecca Solnit Movement Expression of Movement City as text Memory Photography City and Circulation Naked city Hanging cemetery of Situationists International Baghdad, Naja &Deostos leibeskind early drawings, cooper union Asian Cities of Tomorrow Rem Koolhaas leibeskind early drawings, cooper union West Bank Wall Abdu Ahad, Unembedded leibeskind early drawings, cooper union Baghdad Wall Enfilade Urban bridge Berlin Wall Swing leibeskind early drawings, cooper union liebeskind 231 km2 155 km2 Exodus Rem Koolhaas Screenplays. Bernard Tscumi 525 km2 MC Escher Elevator Walid Raad & Le Group Pathway Atlas, Sweet Talk 7 WalkingWalking Baghdad Baghdad ReadingReading Baghdad Baghdad UrbanUrban Bridge Bridge CONCEPT CONCEPT CONTEXT CONTEXT CONTENT CONTENT Soft citySoft city Hard City Hard City Castle Castlein the skyin the sky MC Escher MC Escher Temporal Temporal DwellingDwelling FlaneurFlaneur Situationists Situationists International International HistoryHistory of walking of walking RebeccaRebecca Solnit Solnit MovementMovement ExpressionExpression of Movement of Movement City as Citytext as text MemoryMemory PhotographyPhotography City andCity Circulation and Circulation Naked Nakedcity city Hanging Hanging cemetery cemetery of of Situationists Situationists International International Baghdad,Baghdad, Naja &Deostos Naja &Deostos leibeskind early drawings, cooper unionleibeskind early drawings, cooper union Asian CitiesAsian ofCities Tomorrow of Tomorrow Rem KoolhaasRem Koolhaas leibeskind early drawings, cooper unionleibeskind early drawings, cooper union West BankWest Wall Bank Wall Abdu Ahad,Abdu UnembeddedAhad, Unembedded leibeskind early drawings, cooper unionleibeskind early drawings, cooper union Baghdad WallBaghdad Wall EnfiladeEnfilade Urban bridgeUrban bridge Berlin WallBerlin Wall Swing Swing leibeskind early drawings, cooperleibeskind union early drawings, cooper union liebeskindliebeskind 231 km2 231 km2 155 km2 155 km2 ExodusExodus Rem KoolhaasRem Koolhaas Screenplays.Screenplays. Bernard Bernard Tscumi Tscumi 525 km2 525 km2 MC EscherMC Escher Elevator Elevator Walid RaadWalid & Raad Le Group & Le Group PathwayPathway Atlas, SweetAtlas, TalkSweet Talk Narrative Diagram of the research strategy that lead to the architecture 8 Introduction : City of Walls A moment of transcending the Baghdad walls through an elevator, author’s work sarah almaki Baghdad: City of Walls “Is history so harmless as to allow backwards? Such are the explorations walls and they have taken over. 4 and it does not trust them back. us to adapt artifacts to our needs upon which this work embarks within the The walls are not only a manifestation A quote from Haifa Zangana, Iraqi writer or so dangerous as to prompt us to context of post war Baghdad. of sectarian divide, creating zones for and political activist, explains the severity completely erase their traces?”3 In the past two decades war has littered Sunni and Shiite, poor and rich, Muslim of these walls on the city, and helps to Iraq with its residual military urbanism and Christian, but these walls also act as better understand the many names of Monica Riera, an urban history researcher, and has thus changed the face of psychological segregators. Their physical the walls; when discussing the architectural Baghdad drastically. War manifests itself form is forever imprinted onto the genius “For media purposes, the walls are implications of postwar Germany and with concrete blast walls that cover miles loci of the city; the notions created of called ‘security walls’. Outside, most taking down the Berlin wall, inquires where street level interaction used to social and religious class divisions persist Iraqis on either side of these structures of the general act of erasure and the occur.
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