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DFA Pro Class Review Questions V2.1 Use This to Review The

DFA Pro Class Review Questions V2.1 Use This to Review The

5. The does not include which of Diving for Professional the following: Divers Chapter Review Questions v2.1 a. mouth b. veins c. arteries Diving First Aid for d. heart Professional Divers Diving First Aid for Chapter 2 Review Questions

Professional Divers 1. is an obligation to provide Chapter 3:2 Review Questions assistance regardless of training. a. True b. False 1. The nervous system consists of the a. brain, spinal cord and nerves 2. To avoid legal problems, b. vertebrae and skull a. always ask an injured person for permission c. heart, lungs and brain to assist d. head, torso and limbs b. always ask the parent/guardian of a minor for permission to assist their child 2. Neural pathways may be interrupted by c. obtain written permission to provide care a. d. all of the above b. illness e. a and b only c. trauma 3. is a normal response in an . d. all of the above a. True b. False Diving First Aid for 4. If a rescuer experiences emotional distress, relief may be achieved by Professional Divers a. a critical-incident debriefing Chapter 4 Review Questions b. professional counseling c. both a and b 1. is a clear, odorless gas essential to life. a. True b. False Diving First Aid for 2. The atmospheric air we inhale contains ____ percent oxygen. Professional Divers a. 12 Chapter 3:1 Review Questions b. 16 c. 21 d. 27 1. is a condition of low oxygen supply. a. True b. False 3. The air we exhale contains about ______% oxygen. 2. An absence of oxygen a. 12 a. may cause cell death b. 16 b. is known as anoxia c. 21 c. may cause unconsciousness d. 27 d. all of the above 4. Oxygen is carried throughout the body by 3. takes place at the a. white blood cells a. spinal column interfaces b. red blood cells b. long bone c. bone marrow c. alveolar-capillary membrane d. blood plasma d. muscle-nerve junctions 5. Carbon dioxide is 4. The does not include which of a. a waste product of the following: b. a toxic gas a. nose c. essential for life b. mouth d. an inert gas c. trachea d. heart

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6. Nitrogen comprises ____ percent of atmospheric 8. AGE symptoms air. a. occur within 15 minutes of the time of a. 21 b. typically occur within six hours of b. 27 surfacing c. 67 c. may be delayed up to 24 hours d. 78 d. both b and c 7. Carbon monoxide is 9. Returning to diving following DCI should be done a. a waste product of metabolism in conjunction with a physician knowledgeable in b. a toxic gas dive medicine. c. essential for life a. True b. False d. an inert gas Diving First Aid for Diving First Aid for Professional Divers Professional Divers Chapter 6 Review Questions Chapter 5 Review Questions 1. The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard 1. includes exists to a. a. ensure safe and healthful conditions for b. air gas embolism working men and women c. both of the above b. set and enforce standards c. provide training, outreach, education and 2. The most important initial actions in responding assistance guidelines to diving accidents are to recognize there is a d. all of the above problem and to administer 100 percent oxygen. a. True b. False 2. transmission occurs when which of the following is present? 3. DCS is caused by a. an infectious pathogen a. breath-hold during descent b. sufficient quantity of the pathogen b. breath-hold during ascent c. exposure to a susceptible host c. inert gas bubbles in the body d. site of entry/mechanism of transmission 4. The primary factor for AGE is e. all of the above a. breath-hold during descent 3. Disease transmission can be prevented by b. breath-hold during ascent a. personal protective equipment c. inert gas bubbles in the body b. thorough hand washing 5. It is important to seek medical evaluation when c. controls DCI is suspected because d. all of the above a. symptom resolution does not mean DCI is no 4. If you think you may have been exposed to a longer present bloodborne pathogen, you should b. symptoms may recur a. cover it tightly to protect it c. risk of recurrence may be reduced by b. milk it to make it bleed hyperbaric treatment c. report it according to your organization’s d. all of the above emergency action plan 6. The single most common symptom of DCI is d. both b and c a. numbness e. all of the above b. constitutional (fatigue, nausea) 5. Zoonosis is a generic term describing c. muscle weakness transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans. d. pain a. True b. False e. balance/equilibrium 6. Specialized training is required when diving in 7. Initial DCS symptoms contaminated water. a. occur within 15 minutes of the time of injury a. True b. False b. b. typically occur within six hours of surfacing c. may be delayed up to 24 hours d. both b and c

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2. The S-A-F-E mnemonic helps us remember Diving First Aid for a. to activate EMS Professional Divers b. scene safety assessment c. to use personal protective equipment Chapter 7 Review Questions d. b and c e. none of the above 1. Essential equipment to have available at every dive site includes 3. Personal protective equipment is a critical part of a. oxygen unit keeping yourself safe while providing care. b. first-aid kit a. True b. False c. emergency action plan d. all of the above 4. Protective equipment includes a. nonlatex gloves 2. Emergency action plans should include b. eye shields a. local resources and emergency phone c. resuscitation masks numbers d. all of the above b. communication equipment c. method of documenting information about 5. When removing gloves after providing first aid, it injured divers and first aid provided is important to keep the outer surface of the glove d. location of the nearest hyperbaric chamber from touching your skin. e. a, b and c only a. True b. False 3. Hyperbaric chambers will always be available to treat injured divers. a. True b. False Diving First Aid for Professional Divers Chapter 10 Review Questions Diving First Aid for Professional Divers 1. Initial assessment includes: a. assessing for responsiveness and activating Chapter 8 Review Questions EMS b. adjusting the individual’s position for care 1. Moving an injured person should be limited to c. initiating CPR times of emergency or when the location d. all of the above places the individual at risk of further injury. e. a and b only a. True b. False f. b and c only 2. The rescuer should consider which of the 2. To check for a on an adult or child, use following body mechanics when lifting? gentle finger on the a. keep back straight a. carotid artery b. bend only from hips b. brachial artery c. keep head neutral c. femoral artery d. lift with legs d. radial artery e. all of the above 3. To check for a pulse on an infant, use gentle finger pressure on the Diving First Aid for a. carotid artery b. brachial artery Professional Divers c. femoral artery Chapter 9 Review Questions d. radial artery 4. Any breath sounds at all are considered normal. 1. Potential that should prompt caution a. True b. False when approaching the scene of an accident include 5. Placing an unconscious, person in the a. fire and animals is important to maintain an b. expired first-aid certifications open airway and to minimize the potential of c. electricity, gas and traffic blood and vomit to cause obstruction. d. a and c a. True b. False 6. Persons with neck, spine or pelvic should not be placed in the recovery position. a. True b. False

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7. A breathing, responsive injured diver should be 3. Which of the following is not part of the cranial placed in a position of comfort or the recovery nerves evaluation? position. a. facial droop a. True b. False b. eye movements c. grip strength Diving First Aid for d. slurred speech Professional Divers 4. Motor functions may be classified as normal, evidence of weakness, or paralysis. Chapter 11 Review Questions a. True b. False 5. The Romberg assesses 1. Prompt medical intervention may reduce the a. motor function possibility of permanent disability. b. cranial nerves a. True b. False c. mental status 2. F-A-S-T stands for d. balance a. facts, attitude, sensitivity, talent b. facial droop, arms, speech, time c. feet, arms, spine, toes Diving First Aid for d. face, ankles, stability, touch Professional Divers Chapter 14 Review Questions Diving First Aid for Professional Divers 1. The primary goal of delivering the highest of oxygen possible to an injured Chapter 12 Review Questions diver is to facilitate inert gas washout and improve oxygen delivery to compromised tissues. 1. An emergency action plan should be activated a. True b. False a. as soon as you suspect a neurological injury 2. Providing a high concentration of oxygen to an b. after conducting a complete neurological injured diver may provide these benefits: assessment a. accelerate inert gas elimination c. only if the injured diver does not respond to b. reduce bubble size oxygen first aid c. enhance oxygen delivery to tissues 2. S-A-M-P-L-E is a mnemonic to assist with d. reduce swelling a. obtaining information about an injured diver e. all of the above b. remembering to get a sample 3. Symptoms of nonfatal may include c. calculation assessment in mental function a. difficulty breathing d. obtaining insurance and compensation b. abdominal distension c. chest pain Diving First Aid for d. e. all but d Professional Divers 4. As a first responder to a nonfatal drowning, your Chapter 13 Review Questions role is to a. monitor vital signs 1. Which of the following is not one of the areas b. provide supplemental oxygen evaluated during a neurological assessment? c. transport to the nearest medical facility a. mental function and cranial nerves d. all of the above b. range of motion 5. The percentage of oxygen delivered when using c. motor function a demand valve is influenced by d. coordination and balance a. flow rate 2. Mental function evaluates b. mask fit a. orientation to person, place, time and event c. mask seal b. memory and speech d. both b and c c. comprehension and computational skills 6. In remote areas, the priority in oxygen delivery is d. all of the above a. to conserve oxygen supplies b. to maximize the highest inspired fraction of oxygen c. limit the flow of oxygen

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7. , whether CNS or pulmonary, is not a concern for oxygen first aid to an injured Diving First Aid for diver. Professional Divers a. True b. False Chapter 16 Review Questions

Diving First Aid for 1. Oxygen delivery systems are comprised of which Professional Divers of the following? Chapter 15 Review Questions a. first-aid kits and barriers b. oxygen cylinders and pressure-reducing regulator 1. Oxygen is one element of the fire triangle. c. oxygen hose and face mask a. True b. False d. b and c 2. The of handling oxygen can be reduced by 2. Two considerations when choosing an oxygen a. keeping the oxygen units free of cylinder are distance to emergency care and size hydrocarbons found in oils and lubricants (volume) of the cylinder. that are often found on dive boats a. True b. False b. opening the oxygen cylinder slowly c. keeping the unit away from the heat of the 3. A multifunction regulator is preferred in sun emergency oxygen for injuries d. all of the above because it can provide emergency oxygen to two injured divers at the same time. 3. Safety precautions to implement when using a. True b. False oxygen cylinders include a. not allowing any oil or grease to come in 4. An oxygen cylinder should be switched during contact with oxygen cylinder care when the pressure drops below 200 psi if b. not exposing oxygen cylinders to high another cylinder is available; if another cylinder is or allow smoking/open flames not available, use the cylinder until it is empty. around oxygen a. True b. False c. providing adequate ventilation when using 5. Oxygen cylinders are subject to periodic oxygen hydrostatic testing. d. using only equipment made for use with a. True b. False oxygen e. all of the above 6. Oxygen-cylinder marking colors are standardized world-wide to avoid confusion. 4. With what grade of oxygen should an oxygen a. True b. False cylinder for diving first aid be filled? a. aviator or industrial grade 7. Oxygen regulators are fitted with a pin indexing b. medical grade only system to prevent use on other cylinder valves c. medical or industrial grade that may not contain oxygen. d. aviator or medical grade a. True b. False 5. Methods for obtaining oxygen fills may include 8. A demand valve flows only when the injured diver a. prescription inhales, allowing the oxygen to last longer. b. documentation of training in oxygen delivery a. True b. False c. prospective prescription 9. The initial flow rate for constant-flow oxygen d. any of the above delivery is 6. When should an oxygen unit’s components and a. 2-4 lpm cylinder pressure be checked? b. 10-15 lpm a. every two years c. 20-25 lpm b. before every outing d. the rate the injured diver will tolerate c. every week 10. A constant-flow mask that is recommended when d. annually a breathing injured diver cannot activate the 7. An oxygen unit should be stored demand inhalator valve or when there is more a. with the valve closed than one injured diver is a b. in its protective case a. nonrebreather mask c. assembled b. oronasal resuscitation mask d. all of the above c. 8. It is not necessary to clean oxygen parts and masks. a. True b. False

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Diving First Aid for Diving First Aid for Professional Divers Professional Divers Chapter 17 Review Questions Chapter 18 Review Questions

1. The goal of CPR (without ) is to 1. The recommended rate of compression for maintain the adequate circulation of oxygenated CPR on all ages is blood to vital organs such as the a. 60-80 per minute a. spleen and pancreas b. 100-120 per minute b. stomach and kidney c. at least 140 per minute c. heart and brain d. rate is not important as long as d. liver and muscles compressions are being done 2. Exhaled air contains about 10% oxygen. 2. The recommended depth of chest compressions a. True b. False for an adult is a. 1½ – 2 inches 3. During CPR, the functions of the heart and lungs b. 2–2½ inches are temporarily taken over by c. 3–3½ inches a. chest compressions and ventilations d. Depth is not important as long as b. cardiac defibrillation and an oxygen bottle compressions are being done. c. advanced medications and ventilator machines 3. The recommended depth of chest compressions for infants and children is 4. What CPR protocol should be used when a. one-third of chest depth responding to a victim of drowning? b. 2 inches (5 cm) a. A-B-C c. 1 inch (2.5 cm) b. B-A-C c. C-A-B 4. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for ttwo- d. C-B-A person CPR on children and infants is a. 30:2 5. In most cases, the heart restarts after someone b. 30:3 performs CPR. c. 15:2 a. True b. False d. 15:1 6. The five links in the chain of survival in correct order are: Diving First Aid for a. 911, CPR, AED, advanced cardiac life support, post-cardiac-arrest care Professional Divers b. CPR, 911, AED, advanced cardiac life Chapter 19 Review Questions support, post-cardiac-arrest care c. AED, advanced cardiac life support, post- cardiac-arrest care, 911, CPR 1. Each rescue breath should last about d. post-cardiac-arrest care, advanced cardiac a. 2 seconds life support, 911, CPR, AED b. 1 second c. 5 seconds 7. In the case of children and drowning victims, once unresponsiveness has been established, 2. To avoid overexpansion of their lungs, the the single rescuer should volume of ventilations for children should be a. check for injuries adjusted to accommodate their size. b. check the mouth for foreign bodies a. True b. False c. activate EMS 3. When delivering rescue breaths to an infant, the d. perform CPR for two minutes and then call head should EMS a. be extended as it would for an adult or child 8. When calling EMS, you should tell them b. not be extended at all a. what happened and the condition of the c. be extended gently but not as far as you injured person would for an adult or child b. the location of the emergency and a call- 4. When delivering only rescue breaths (no back number compressions) on an adult, the rate of c. how many persons are involved ventilations is one breath every d. your name and the first aid provided a. 10 seconds e. all of the above b. 5-6 seconds c. 3 seconds

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5. Rescue breaths only (no compressions) on an 7. AED pad placement on infants is infant should be delivered every 3-5 seconds. a. on the right chest and left side a. True b. False b. on the center of the chest and center of the back 6. Full CPR is always recommended for c. under both arms, centering the heart a. drowning victims between them b. scuba diving injuries c. both a and b 7. A bag valve mask Diving First Aid for a. is a self-inflating bag with a mask that aids in rescue breathing Professional Divers b. has a manual trigger that initiates oxygen Chapter 21 Review Questions flow c. is best used by two rescuers working together 1. The most common cause of d. a and c and in adults is: a. tongue 8. Manually triggered ventilators b. food a. allow rescuers to deliver high c. dentures of oxygen to nonbreathing or inadequately breathing divers 2. With infants and children, airway obstruction and b. can also function as a demand valve choking can also be caused by c. are best used by two rescuers a. food d. all of the above b. foreign bodies (toys, coins, nuts) c. fingers Diving First Aid for 3. Grasping the neck is a common sign made by choking victims. Professional Divers a. True b. False Chapter 20 Review Questions 4. If you suspect that someone is choking, a. look in the mouth 1. The use of an AED is often helpful but may b. check for responsiveness decrease the chance of survival. c. ask, “Are you choking?” a. True b. False d. ask a doctor 2. Every minute the heart is in fibrillation, survival 5. With complete airway obstruction, the person will rates decrease by be unable to ______but might nod his a. 3-5% head in response to your question. If the person b. 7-10% is unable or has a limited ability to move air, he c. 12-15% may soon lose ______. d. 20-25% a. yell for help, his breath b. talk, his breath 3. All cardiac arrests can benefit from the c. breathe/cough/speak, consciousness delivered by an AED. a. True b. False 6. In the case of a partial airway obstruction, the rescuer should encourage the choking victim to 4. The charge from a delivered shock should be cough but should do nothing else. allowed to dissipate before touching the person a. True b. False to resume CPR. a. True b. False 7. If the person becomes unconscious, the rescuer should 5. AEDs with adult pads may be used on infants a. drop the person in the hope that the fall will and children. dislodge the foreign body a. True b. False b. ease the person to the ground, remove the 6. AED pad placement on adults is foreign body if visible, and start CPR a. on the right chest and left side c. ease the person to the ground, initiate b. on the center of the chest and center of the supplemental back 8. An obstructed airway in a responsive infant c. under both arms, centering the heart should be cleared with back blows alternating between them with chest compressions. a. True b. False

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9. What must you do when a person regurgitates? 8. Plain water is the preferred first-aid measure for a. Roll the person on his side, and wipe or exertional dehydration. suction out the mouth. a. True b. False b. Blow vomit back into the stomach. c. Remove gloves, and wipe away vomit with 9. Someone who appears to have suffered a bare hands. concussion can resume his regular activities regardless of how he may feel. 10. Suctioning for adults, children and infants a. True b. False respectively should limited to a. 15 seconds, 10 seconds, 5 seconds 10. An avulsed tooth can be stored in b. 2 minutes, 1 minute, 30 seconds a. egg white c. 20 seconds, 10 seconds, 5 seconds b. whole milk c. the injured person’s saliva d. 30 seconds, 15 seconds, 10 seconds d. all of the above Diving First Aid for Diving First Aid for Professional Divers Professional Divers Chapter 22 Review Questions Chapter 23 Review Questions

1. A general first-aid assessment includes 1. The first step in rewarming is to prevent further assessing heat loss. a. overall impression of the individual’s health a. True b. False and well-being b. respiratory effort 2. Management of may include c. presentation of skin color a. removal from the cold d. all of the above b. removal of wet clothing c. use of blankets and heat packs 2. Asthma d. calling EMS a. is a noncontagious respiratory illness e. all of the above b. is airway narrowing that makes breathing difficult 3. Heat stroke is a that requires c. can be treated by metered dose inhalers aggressive cooling and activation of EMS. d. can be life-threatening if severe and a. True b. False prolonged e. all of the above 3. All heart attacks are painful. Diving First Aid for a. True b. False Professional Divers 4. is a condition Chapter 24 Review Questions a. in which blood sugars are low b. that should be treated with additional insulin 1. Slips and falls can be prevented by c. that can be reversed by eating and/or a. keeping walkways as dry as possible drinking foods with high sugar content b. providing drainage, rubber matting or rough d. both a and c surface concrete c. using wet-surface warning signs 5. F-A-S-T stands for Face, Arms, Smile, Time. d. all of the above a. True b. False 2. The purpose of a secondary assessment is to 6. During a , the rescuer’s primary concern identify injuries that may not be readily apparent. is to move objects that may cause injury if the a. True b. False person should hit them. a. True b. False 3. General guidelines that should be used when conducting a secondary assessment include 7. In the event of suspected poisoning, a. S-A-F-E, standard precautions, asking a. determine what was ingested permission to help b. determine how much was taken b. keeping the injured diver in the position c. note current symptoms found, realigning any limb deformity as d. call the local control center or EMS quickly as possible e. all of the above c. disregarding any complaints of pain due to the fall d. calling EMS immediately e. a and d only

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4. A splint is used to a. immobilize the joints on either end of an Diving First Aid for injured limb Professional Divers b. ease pain c. protect the limb from further injury Chapter 27.1 Review Questions d. all of the above e. a and c 1. Envenomations may occur by a. stings b. spines Diving First Aid for c. bites Professional Divers d. barbs e. all of the above Chapter 25 Review Questions 2. Envenomations may occur due to 1. Superficial are severe and involve all skin a. accidental contact layers. b. defensive action a. True b. False c. both a and b 2. Immediate first aid for burns includes removal 3. The health status of the injured person, sensitivity from the source and the application of cool water to the venom and delays in receiving first aid to stop the burning process. have an impact on their response to the injury. a. True b. False a. True b. False

3. In the event of chemical burns to the face or 4. A venomous fish injury should be treated by eyes, continuously flush the area with cool water a. washing the area for approximately 20 minutes, and call EMS. b. removing foreign material a. True b. False c. controlling d. managing pain e. all of the above Diving First Aid for 5. Pressure immobilization is recommended for which vertebrate injury? Professional Divers a. stingray punctures Chapter 26 Review Questions b. lionfish stings c. sea snake bites

1. The three general categories of marine life injuries include envenomations, traumatic Diving First Aid for injuries, and seafood poisoning. a. True b. False Professional Divers Chapter 27.2 Review Questions 2. Envenomation is a process facilitated by bites, punctures or stings. 1. What are the four steps in first aid for jellyfish a. True b. False stings in the correct order? 3. Marine animal bites are usually fatal. a. inactivate, remove tentacles, wash area, a. True b. False treat symptoms b. remove tentacles, wash area, treat 4. Seafood poisoning occurs as a result of symptoms, inactivate contaminated food or liquids. c. treat symptoms, wash area, remove a. True b. False tentacles, inactivate 5. Standard precautions include the use of 2. Pressure immobilization is recommended for a. nonlatex medical-style gloves which invertebrate marine life injuries? b. surgical-style masks a. jellyfish stings c. protective eyewear b. cone-snail barb punctures d. all of the above c. blue-ringed octopus bites d. b and c

3. First aid for contact injuries includes a. controlling bleeding b. washing area thoroughly c. removing any foreign material d. leaving blisters intact e. all of the above

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4. The most effective way to prevent seafood Diving First Aid for poisoning is to Professional Divers a. only eat fish you have caught and cleaned yourself Chapter 28 Review Questions b. store fish properly c. cook fish thoroughly 1. Marine animals bite when d. eat fish that has a slightly fishy smell a. they feel threatened b. humans are mistaken for food c. humans engage in or feeding Diving First Aid for d. all of the above Professional Divers 2. Infection is of particular concern with marine animal bites. Chapter 30 Review Questions a. True b. False 3. Which of the following is the first line of action to 1. The signs and symptoms of allergic reaction control external bleeding? include a. direct pressure a. itching b. tourniquets b. localized redness with swelling (hives) c. hemostatic dressings c. swelling that affects the eyes, lips and possibly the airway d. all of the above 4. A tourniquet should be placed 2. In the event of an allergic reaction, the rescuer a. if the exhibits massive arterial should bleeding a. assist the injured person with any b. if bleeding is not stopped by direct pressure medications prescribed for him over the wound b. monitor airway and breathing c. 1-2 inches above the wound c. immediately begin CPR d. all of the above d. a and b only 5. A tourniquet should be removed after two hours 3. Cardiogenic shock refers to regardless of continued bleeding. a. a decrease in blood volume a. True b. False b. the heart’s inability to circulate blood c. an allergic reaction 6. Signs and symptoms of infection are d. all of the above a. pus, redness, sweating, hyperthermia e. none of the above b. prickly feeling, rash, increased thirst, sweating, heat 4. The primary course of action for cardiogenic c. pain, redness, loss of function, swelling, heat shock is to immediately call EMS and a. be prepared to begin CPR b. provide fluids to restore blood volume Diving First Aid for c. both a and b Professional Divers d. neither a nor b Chapter 29 Review Questions 5. Hypovolemic shock results in a. cool, clammy skin 1. Contaminated seafood may taste and smell b. confusion normal. c. weakness a. True b. False d. all of the above 2. Seafood poisoning is triggered by 6. Respond to hypovolemic shock by a. bacteria a. contacting EMS b. parasites b. controlling any external bleeding c. viruses c. providing fluids to replenish blood volume d. toxins d. all of the above e. all of the above e. a and b only

3. Seafood poisonings include: a. ciguatera b. scombroid c. tetrodotoxin d. all of the above

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Diving First Aid for Professional Divers Chapter 31 Review Questions

1. Marine life injuries can occur as a result of a. accidental touching b. poor situational awareness c. perceived threats to the marine life d. all of the above 2. Dive practices that can help minimize the risk of marine life injuries include a. control and streamlining yourself b. use of exposure protection c. not touching marine life d. poor situational awareness e. carrying speared fish f. answers a, b and c

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