ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING

Renaissance construction COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice Brunelleschi San Antonio, Padua, 1232-1307 Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the Mdi lTditi (L d 1990) 138 Sagrestia Vecchia, or Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi, 1421-8

Eugenio Battisti Brunelleschi (London 1981), p 94 Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo, view of vault and dome Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94 Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo axonometric view

Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi, pl VII Pazzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Guiliano da Maiano, c 1443-9 & -1461: dome view & diagram

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94.view ; Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/14; RE20.33.64 Duomo, Florence

Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, 1296-1462 George Tibbits Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, stages of construction Miles Lewis, based on a drawing by G Rich, 1969, in F D Prager & Gustina Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies of His Technology and Inventions, Cambridge [Massachusetts 1970), p 3 Duomo, Florence: the dome from above & below Philip Goad; George Tibbits Duomo, Florence, model of the dome built by F Gizdulich, 1995, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence

Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), p 95 Duomo, Florence, section of the dome

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), p 227 Duomo, Florence, cutaway isometric of dome

Rowland Mainstone, ‘Brunelleschi’s Dome Revisited’, Construction History, 24 (2009), p 19 the Oljeitu Mausoleum, Soltaniyeh, Iran, c 1310 Miles Lewis the Oljeitu Mausoleum, drawing of the structure courtesy Mohammad Reza Bazldjou the structure of the cupola, based on georadar investigation

L Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance [proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4 July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols, CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 194 the herringbone brickwork between the north and north-east segments Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece (Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 190 Duomo, Florence, detail of the circle within the two shells & diagram of the circle within the outer shell

King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 108 Duomo, Florence, brick rib construction

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), pp 257, 258 Sainte Chapelle, Paris, 1243-8 Miles Lewis section of the dome above the second internal ambulatory, showing the mattoni d’archo and the spinapesce bond

Rowland Mainstone, ‘Brunelleschi’s Dome Revisited’, Construction History, 24 (2009), p 34 Duomo, Florence: the sandstone chain; the stone armature of the dome King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 73; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 141 Duomo, Florence, diagram of the dome with the location of the chains

Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece (Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 17 Duomo, Florence: the chains in the dome Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 137 detail of the first macigno [stone] chain

L Ippolito & C Peroni, La Cupola di Santa Maria del’ Fiore (NIS, Rome 1997), reproduced in Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola, p 182 Duomo, Florence, timber base chain

Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), p 251 Duomo, Florence section of a median vertical in a segment of the dome

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 144 the space between the inner and outer shell with one of the passages through a spur

Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece (Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 168 stairway across the upper part of the dome, connecting the third and fourth walkways

Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece (Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 169 Duomo, Florence, schematic cross section of the dome indicating, from archival records the levels achieved in the different building campaigns

L Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance [proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4 July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols, CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 191 Duomo, Florence, reconstruction of the loading platform in place and the ‘great hoist’ and ‘great crane’ in operation at the level of the the second walkway

H Saalman, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore (Zwemmer, London 1980) Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36: Brunelleschi's scaffolding as reported by Nelli, 1755 Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies, p 28 Duomo, Florence, plan of scaffolding holes and reconstruction of working platform

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 123 Duomo, Florence: building the ribs

Sanpaolesi, ‘Santa Maria del Fiore ed Soltanieh’, p 250 Duomo, Florence: conjectural reconstruction of the first stage of construction, with scaffolding attached to the interior

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 139 Duomo, Florence, sections with conjectural reconstruction of scaffolding

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 166 Duomo, Florence, plan and section of scaffolding and centring at the top, as conjectured by F Gattari & A Vartolo

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 167 later domes & vaults

St Peter’s, Rome old St Paul’s, London present St Paul’s, London Residenz, Wurzburg Neresheim & Die Vies St Peter's, Rome, dome by Michelangelo, modified by Giacomo della Porta, 1546-64

Fine Arts 172 / V345 / 11PE / RE 99.091.09 Old St Paul's Cathedral, London: dome proposed by Christopher Wren, 1666 elevation & section

Kerry Downes, The Architecture of Wren (2nd ed, Reading [Berkshire] pls 20, 21 St Paul's Cathedral, London, by Sir Christopher Wren, as designed, 1675: south elevation Downes, Architecture of Wren, pl 58. St Paul's Cathedral, London, as designed by Wren, 1675, section Downes, Architecture of Wren, pl 59 Dôme des Invalides, Paris, by Jules Hardouin- Mansart, 1680-1

Diapofilm, Architecture Classique Dome des Invalides, drawing of the timber dome framing, and model at the Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris

E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig, no date), II, pl 43. Connaissance des Arts (Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris 2000), p 24 dome of St Paul's Cathedral, as built by Wren, 1675-1710

Lewis, Architectura, p 223 dome of St Paul's, as built by Wren, 1675-1710 section & plan of carpentry, axonometric section Francis Price, The British Carpenter (London 1753), facing p 30 Margaret Whinney, Wren (London 1971), p 121 Baptistery, Pisa, by Dioti Salvi, 1153-1278

unspecified: slide 31 Baptistery, Pisa: original and present elevations & sections E H Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art (New York 1951), after Rouhault de Fleury, Les Monuments du Pise St Maria Birnbaum, near Augsburg, Germany, by Konstantin Pader, 1661-8 R Barthel, H Maus & C Kayser, 'Maria Birnbaum - Construction History, Conservation History', in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction (CRC Press, London 2008) II, p 1424. St Maria Birnbaum, longitudinal section through the roof structure and tower; bottom, isometric view of the main roof

Barthel, Maus & Kayser, 'Maria Birnbaum', p 1425 the Residenz, Wurzburg, Germany, by Balthasar Neumann, 1732: section Langschnïtt, 1732, Kunstbibliotek, Berlin Residenz, Wurzburg, upper surface of main vault Otto, Space into Light, pl 76 Convent Church at Neresheim, Swabia, by Balthasar Neumann, c 1750: plan and section Pierre Charpentrat, Living Architecture: Baroque, Italy and Central Europe (London 1967 [1964]), p 106 Pilgrimage Church, Die Wies, Germany, by Dominikus & Johann Baptist Zimmerman, 1745-54: structural detail of the main vault

Hans-Joachim Sachse, Die barocken Dachwerks- und Gewölbekonstruktionen der Abteikirche zu Neresheim (1975) Baroque basilica at Ottobeuren, Germany, 1737-66: roof plan David Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, pp 18-19 basilica at Ottobeuren, 1737-66: roof space over the main dome David Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, p 21 hoisting machinery scaffolding for the nave of St Peter's Church, Rome, c 1550 E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig, no date),II. p 49 Tower of Babel, by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1563 Tower of Babel, details the construction of two arches; drum-like lifting device based on a treadmill and a block and tackle Scientific American (March 1978), p 135 treadmill cranes details from the Tower of Babel, and from a portrait of Jan Fernaguut of Bruges, by Pieter Pourbus the Elder Scientific American (March 1978), cover & p 137 the Pieter Pourbus crane as recon- structed at Bruges.

Arturs Lapins crane and capstan, illustrated by Alberti, 1452

[L B Alberti ,Ten Books on Architecture (London 1755 [1452]), pl XV crane and capstan, devised by John Webb to lift heavy stones at St Paul's Cathedral, London, 1637 (compared with Alberti’s) Malcolm Airs, The Tudor & Jacobean Country House: a Building History (Godalming [Surrey] 1998), p 143 'stella' or star of pulleys, in use at the Malatestiano, Rimini: miniature by Giovanni di Fano, in the Hesperis of Bassinio Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 130 Brunelleschi's 'castello‘ crane as drawn by Leonardo da Vinci, and in a model King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 70; by by SARI & Mariani, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence Brunelleschi’s revolving crane with hoist: model, University of Florence; illustration by Bonaccorso Ghiberti, BR 228 (BNCF) fol 107v Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), pp 115, 114 model of a medium duty hoist for rapid lifting

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 132 medium duty hoist for use on the ground or on scaffolding Buonaccorso Ghiberti, Zibaldone (Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, MS BR 228 animal-powered hoists Brunelleschi's ox-hoist (here driven by a horse), as illustrated by Marco Taccola; model of a similar machine MS Palatino 766 (BNCF), fol 10r.; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 132 Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's hoisting system

drawing by G Rich, 1969, in Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies, p 90 Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's hoisting system: detail of hoist mechanism Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's hoisting system: detail of upper works Brunelleschi’s three speed hoist, drawn by Leonardo da Vinci. Codex Atlanticus (BAM), fol 1083v model of Brunelleschi’s three speed hoist Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), p 101 tongs, keys & pulleys from the Duomo, Florence, C15th and later Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1980), p 39 sledge used at the Duomo, Florence Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 263 Duomo, Florence, lantern by Guiliano da Maiano, 1462

Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 35 wooden model of the Duomo lantern, Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore Museum, Florence

Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece (Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 16 Duomo, Florence: medium duty hoist, scaffolding and cranes used in the construction of the lantern, & crane on rollers, used to build the cone, from B Ghiberti, Zibaldone Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 262-3 lifting machine, by Jaques Besson, 1578: windlass & double hoist

Jaques Besson, Theatrum Instrumentorum (late C16th) another lifting machine, by Jaques Besson, 1578: Continuous bucket machine

Jaques Besson, Theatrum Instrumentorum lifting device with a screw and weight (for shipbuilding), by Jaques Besson

Jaques Besson, Theatrum Instrumentorum crane, Germany 1705

Johan Wilhelm, Architectura Civilis (Frankfort 1705) rotating cranes, from Diderot’s Encyclopédie

Denis Diderot et al, Encyclopédie: ou, Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers par une société de gens de lettres (35 vols, Paris 1751-1780), sv 'Charpente', pl xlvii eighteenth century French crane: Musée des Arts et Metiers, Paris, inv 1118

Francis Mer et al, Musée des Arts et Metiers: l'Album (Musée National des Techniques, Paris 1990), p 20 moving the obelisk from the Circus Maximus to the Piazza of St Peter, Rome, by Domenico Fontana, 1586 Sandström, Man the Builder, p 190; M W Jones, Principles of Roman Architecture (New Haven [Connecticut] 2000), p 158 transportation of a granite block of 1500 tonnes for the base of a statue of Peter the Great, St Petersburg, 1768 G E Sandström, Man the Builder (New York 1975 [1970]), p 38 travelling crane

E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1585 travelling crane used in the construction of the Lands Department, Sydney, 1876 (a) for hoisting stones in the stonemason's shop during (b) for building the walls

Emery Balint, Trevor Howells & Victoria Smyth, Warehouses and Woolstores of Victorian Sydney (Melbourne 1982), p 120, 121 Treasury Building, Melbourne, by J J Clark of the PWD 1858-62: view during construction, 1858 Barnett Johnstone photo, State Library of Victoria Treasury Building, Spring Street, Melbourne Miles Lewis patent steam travelling crane by McNicol & Vernon, Liverpool, 1850s Imperial Journal, I, facing p 188 steam travelling crane E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), III, p 2618