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Of the Białowieża Forest (Ne Poland) Polish Botanical Journal 60(2): 217–292, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2015-0034 AN ANNOTATED AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF POLYPORES (AGARICOMYCETES) OF THE BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST (NE POLAND) Dariusz Karasiński1 & Marek Wołkowycki Abstract. The Białowieża Forest (BF) is one of the best-preserved lowland deciduous and mixed forest complexes in Europe, rich in diverse fungi. This paper summarizes what is known about the poroid fungi of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest, based on literature data, a re-examination of herbarium materials, and the authors’ studies from 1990–2014. An annotated catalogue of polypores recorded in the forest is presented, including 80 genera with 210 species. All literature and herbarium records are enumerated, and 160 species are illustrated with color pictures. Fourteen species previously reported in the literature have uncertain status because they lack voucher specimens and were not confirmed in recent field studies.Antrodiella subradula (Pilát) Niemelä & Miettinen, previously known from Asia, is reported for the first time from Europe. Fourteen species are newly reported from the Białowieża Forest (mainly from Białowieża National Park), including 8 species with first records in Poland (Antrodia hyalina Spirin, Miettinen & Kotir., Antrodia infirma Renvall & Niemelä, Antrodiella subradula, Junghuhnia fimbriatella (Peck) Ryvarden, Postia folliculocystidiata (Kotl. & Vampola) Niemelä & Vampola, Postia minusculoides (Pilát ex Pilát) Boulet, Skeletocutis chrysella Niemelä, Skeletocutis papyracea A. David), and 6 species reported previously from other localities in Poland [Antrodiella faginea Vampola & Pouzar, Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Domański & Orlicz, Loweomyces fractipes (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Jülich, Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk, Perenniporia narymica (Pilát) Pouzar, Phellinus nigricans (Fr.) P. Karst.]. Several very rare European polypores already reported from the Białowieża Forest in the 20th century, such as Antrodia albobrunnea (Romell) Ryvarden, Antrodiella foliaceodentata (Nikol.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Buglossoporus pulvinus (Pers.) Donk, Dichomitus albidofuscus (Domański) Domański and Gelatoporia subvermispora (Pilát) Niemelä, were found at new localities, confirming their continuous occurrence in this forest. Key words: Basidiomycota, Biosphere Reserve, fungal diversity, Poland, poroid fungi, primeval forests, UNESCO World Heritage Site Dariusz Karasiński, Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Marek Wołkowycki, Białystok University of Technology, Faculty of Forestry in Hajnówka, Piłsudskiego 8, 17-200 Hajnówka, Poland Introduction The Białowieża Forest (BF) is one of the best pre- and covers an area of 646 km2, including 105 km2 served lowland deciduous and mixed forest com- protected since 1921 as the Białowieża National plexes in Europe (Faliński 1986; Peterken 1996; Park (BNP) and ca 120 km2 protected as a forest Jędrzejewska & Jędrzejewski 1998). It is reported reserve (Faliński 2002; Okołów 2012). Białowieża as an example of a European non-fragmented National Park was declared a Biosphere Reserve virgin forest community (e.g., Parviainen 2005) or in 1977 and in 1979 was designated a UNESCO as a remnant of culturally modified ancient forest World Heritage Site (Okołów 2002, 2009). Since (e.g., Bobiec 2012). The whole forest complex 2005 the Biosphere Reserve has been expanded to covers an area of 1250 km2 and is located at the cover the whole Polish part of the Białowieża Forest border between Poland and Belarus. The Polish part (Okołów 2012). Glaciofluvial sands, gravels and lies between 52°39′–52°48′N and 23°34′–23°38′E clays built the flat, undulating plain on which the forest is situated at 135–190 m a.s.l. (Kwiatkowski 1 Corresponding author 1994). The local climate has both continental and 218 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 60(2). 2015 Atlantic features (Faliński 1986). During the last 2013, 2014). Niemelä (2013) published a manual for 50 years the mean annual temperature was 6.9ºC identification of polypores of the Białowieża Forest, (January mean –3ºC, July mean 18.3ºC), snow including descriptions and a list of species found by cover lasted 92 days on average, and mean an- his team during inventory work in 2008–2012. This nual precipitation was 627 mm (Malzahn et al. manual gives information on 177 poroid species 2009). The Białowieża Forest consists of a mosaic reported from the study area – 142 species found of various forest communities determined by the during the inventory and 35 species from reports in variation of topography, soil and hydrology. Conif- the literature. The literature data are given without erous and mixed coniferous stands dominated by revision of the herbarium materials, which in some Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. cases results in duplication of unverified and some- cover ca 50% of the forest area in the Polish part times wrong information mainly from Domański of the Białowieża Forest. Wet deciduous forest with (records based on misidentified specimens; some Alnus glutinosa Gaertn. and Fraxinus excelsior L. of them corrected here). covers ca 20%, rich mesic deciduous stands with This work summarizes what is known about Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cor- the poroid fungi of the Polish part of the Biało- data Mill. and Acer platanoides L. cover 15%, and wieża Forest in the form of an annotated and il- early successional stands with Betula pendula Roth lustrated catalogue. It is based on literature data, and Populus tremula L. cover 13% of the forest a re-examination of some herbarium materials, area (Jędrzejewska & Jędrzejewski 1998). The especially for species whose concept has changed, Białowieża Forest differs from Western European and our studies from 1990–2014. forests in the absence of Fagus sylvatica L. The abundance of Quercus robur differentiates it from Eastern European forests. Picea abies occurs in Material and methods almost every forest community (Pawlaczyk 2009). The original as-yet unpublished material was collected The first published data on the polypores of the in different areas of the Białowieża Forest by the first th Białowieża Forest date to the 19 century (Błoński author in 2005–2014 during a few short collecting trips et al. 1888). Over the last 127 years about 100 publi- in 2005–2008, 2011, 2013 and 2014, and extensive in- cations have included information on these fungi, im- ventory work in 2009–2010 for the ‘Conservation plan plying that the diversity of the polypores of that area for species of macrofungi in the Białowieża National is relatively well known, but poroid species new to Park’ (Karasiński et al. 2010). In total, more than 1100 science are still being described from the Białowieża specimens of polypores were collected and studied. The Forest (Niemelä et al. 2012; Miettinen et al. 2012). material is preserved mainly in the personal reference collection of the first author (abbreviated D.K.), with Our knowledge of polypore diversity has not been duplicates in KRAM F. The second author has collected deliberately summarized for a long time, although polypores in the Białowieża Forest since 1990. The col- some information was included in publications lection includes ca 350 specimens stored in the Herbarium from Stanisław Domański (e.g., Domański 1965, of Marek Wołkowycki (abbreviated H.M.W. M). Other 1967, 1972b; Domański et al. 1967, 1973). Up to specimens examined (ca 150) were obtained from KRA 2013 these publications were the primary source of and mostly from KRAM F-SD (collection of Stanisław knowledge on polypore diversity in the Białowieża Domański in KRAM F, containing mainly polypores col- Forest. Some records of a number of rare poroid lected in the Białowieża Forest in 1955–1970). species given by Stanisław Domański have not been For micromorphological studies, thin freehand confirmed by any subsequent researchers. Recently sections were cut with a razor blade from fresh or dry basidiomata under a Nikon SMZ-2T microscope, some new records of selected poroid species (but mounted in water, 3% aqueous potassium hydroxide mostly common ones) were published based on with 1% aqueous phloxine, and Melzer’s reagent or material collected for fungal exhibits organized 0.1% cotton blue in 60% lactic acid (Kirk et al. 2008), yearly in September by Białowieża National Park and examined under a Nikon Eclipse E-400 microscope (e.g., Szczepkowski et al. 2010, 2011; Gierczyk et al. at magnification up to 1250×. Color photographs were D. KARASIŃSKI & M. WOŁKOWYCKI: CATALOGUE OF POLYPORES OF THE BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST 219 ew Nar Nar Nar 742 ewka Eliaszuki ew 748 746 755 Siemianówka 753 NAREW 751 Makówka 1 760 758 4 766 Lewkowo 764 6 8 771 769 P 767 odrzeczka 14 16 18 775 Belarus Krzywiec 23 25 27 781 Olchówko 777 779 Łosinka 37 39 41 Mikłaszewo 55 48 50 52 Borysówka Narewka Skupowo 59 61 63 65 69 Masiewo 74 76 82 84 96 98 100 105 106 108 110 111 118 120 122 123 124 126 128 130 132 133 134 135 136 Nowosady 147 149 151 153 155 157 158 159 161 163 165 Nowy Kornin 179 181 182 183 185 187 189 193 194 195 197 Czyżyki 210 212 214 216 218 220 221 224 225 226 228 Dubiny Hwoźn Leśna Prawa 243 245 247 249 251 253 254 255 256 257 258 a 260 Nar 261 279 288 272 273 275 277 281 282 ewka 284 285 286 287 289 290 Lutow nia 320 303 305 306 307 311 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 HAJNÓWKA Orłówk 339 a 343 345 346 329 330 332 334 335 Budy 337 340 341 342 344 368 375 Górna 356 358 360 362 364 Teremiski 367 369 370 371 372 373 374 Pogorzelce 394 396 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 383 384 385 386 387 388 390 392 421 423 425 BIAŁOWIEŻA 428 429 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 451 435 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 447 476 461 462 463 464 466 468 470 472 474 487 489 490 492 494 496 498 500 501 Orzeszkowo 484 485 486 488 Łazica 513 516 517 519 521 523 525 527 535 537 539 542 544 546 548 550 566 568 570 572 574 575 576 578 580 582 54o 595 596 597 599 601 Leśna Prawa603 605 607 609 627 628 629 631 632 633 635 637 639 641 Orl a o 661 663 665 666 667 668 669 671 673 52 694 695 697 698 699 702 703 730 725 728 o 50 Policzn 0 123 4 5 km a Belarus 16o 20o 24o Fig.
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