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Flora and Fauna of Sundarban Mangrove Forest, West Bengal, India

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Flora and Fauna of Sundarban Mangrove Forest, West Bengal, India International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 8, August 2018 Flora And Fauna Of Sundarban Mangrove Forest, West Bengal, India Dipankar Biswas Research Scholar, Ph.D, Dr. C. V. Raman University, Bilaspur, India & Assistant Teacher, Boroi Padmamani High School, West Bengal, India Abstract: World largest mangrove forest is situated in Sundarban delta region.Sundarban is a part of active delta of Gangetic delta. Sundarban’s mangrove forest is the single largest home for the Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera Tigress). In different part of the world people comes Sundarban for visiting. In Sundarban we can see not only mangrove forest but also in this forest there are lot of wild life. Keywords: Sundarban, Royal Bengal Tiger, Mangrove, Wild life, Sundari I. INTRODUCTION Mathurapur-I, Mathurapur-II, Jaynagar, Gosaba of South 24 0 / Sundarban is characterized by a group of island facing the parganas. Sundarban (India) is located between 21 30 North sea and it is the largest mangrove forest of the world. This to 22030/ North latitudes and 88010/ East to 89010/ East land mass is formed due to the deposition of silt brought down longitudes covering 9630 sq. km area. Though the by the river Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries geographical area of Sundarban is 9630 sq.km but actual (Mandal, A.K.and Nandi, N.C.). mangrove forestcover area is only 4266.66 sq. km. The sundarban Biosphere Reserve supports the world’s most luxuriant mangrove forest awell-known ecosystem in the OBJECTIVES tropical region. This Biosphere Reserve are supports 4266.66 sq. km(about 66%) area out of a total 6419 sq. km mangrove Specific objectives behind this work are the following: cover area in India (Naskar, 2004). It is the habitat of famous To get an ordinary conception about Sundarban. and majestic “Royal Bengal Tiger”. The dwellers could access Enquiry the reason of entitle Sundarban. the direct economic benefit the forest. This flora and fauna are To know about the animals, birds and different types of the source of different type of resources like food, honey, wild animal of the forest. leafy vegetable, tannin, waxand wood thatching materials, To get knowledge about the different features of timber for construction of house, boat, fence, and fuel. mangrove forest. II. STUDY AREA III. DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY Under West Bengal state both South and North 24 The present study has conducted the different part of parganas district some CD and block are includes in North and South 24 parganas. The research method adopted Sundarban. This area covered Hingalganj, Hasnabad, Habra, for this work are observation and case study method .The Sandeshkhali, Minakhan, of North 24 parganas and secondary data are collected from journal, books, reports, Sagardwip, Namkhana, kakdwip, patharpratima, Kultali, district statistical hand book and various related this topic. Page 185 www.ijiras.com | Email: [email protected] International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 8, August 2018 IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION b. AQUATIC FAUNA A. FLORA Some aquatic animals which were found in this park are as below- Sundarban not only in India or Bangladesh but also near Sawfish, Butter fish, Silver carp, Star fish, Common carp, all over the world familiar (known) names. Natural vegetation Horse shoe crabs, Gangetic dolphin (Plantinista Gangetica), and some types of wild animals for providing the helps of the Skipping frogs, Tree frogs. familiar. Among them like Sundari tree and the famous Royal Bengal tiger. Hers in keora branches we can see the saltation c. REPTILES of the monkeys, the golden Haleyon sitting secretly shush in green leaves, forsake from the depth of the forest, thesound of King kobra (Ophiophagus Hannah), Indian corba(Naja infatuation deer. The mixing rally of golpata, hental, garjan, Naja), Estuarine crocodiles, Salt water crocodile (Crocodylus garan increase the beauty of this place too much. Porosus), Chameleons, Monitor lizard (Varanus Salvator), Crocodile in water and tiger in ashore. This sentence will Common krait (Bungarus Caruleus), Water monitor lizard be enjoyment if going to Sundarban. In this forest those flora (varanus Salvator), Rat snake, Dog face water snake, species are present, between them some particular species are Common Indian Krait (Bungarus Caculeus), Hawksbill turtle Name of Trees Scientific name (Erit Mochelysoliuvace). Sundari Heritiera Fomes Hental Phoeixpaludosa d. ENDANGERED SPECIES Goran Ceriops Decandra Genwa Excoceariaagallocha Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera Tigress), Salt water Keora Sonneratia Apetal crocodile, River terrapin, Gangetic dolphin, Mangrove Khagra Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza horseshoe crab.Wildboar (Susserofa), Leopard cat (Felis Golpata Nypa Fruticans Bengalensis), Fishing cat (Prionailurus Viverrina), Jungle cat Garjan Rhizophora Apiculata (Felis Chaus), Common Otter (Lutra Lutra). Dhundul Xylocarpus Granatum Above mentioned animal and creature provides Sundarban a natural beauty and immense. For observation the Kankra Bruguirea Gymnorrhiza famous Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera Tigress) lots of native Champa Bruguirea Parviflora foreigner tourists also come here. This is a unique creature by Singra Cynometra Iripa God. In water saltation of Dolphin similarly as well as deer’s Baen Avicennia Officinalis and colorful birds turn Sundarban world heritage site. Dhanighas Portersia Coanetata Sundarban National park was declared as a World heritage site Table 1 by UNESCO in the year 1987. There are about 58 mammals, The main features of mangrove forest are 248 birds and 55 reptiles’ spices. Without sundari we can see their have silt root and pneumatophore. Protect the seeds from the hands of drawing in slob water as floating in nullah we can see here viviparous V. CONCLUSION germination. At sea littoral side real mangrove trees, we can find here At sundarban flora as well as animal species will be the rally of Banes .After that garjankakra, goransundari and separate this forest from any other world’s national park. lots of mixing forest observes in our eyes relatively in high Since six or seven thousands years consist of Sundarban island places where seas or rivers water could not reached, there lot of animal species assembled rally turn it like as buffer Halophytic typical flora has been grown like genwa .Someone zone. The famous Royal Bengal tiger protect Sundarban and says that for lots of Sundari trees this place has been entitle Sundarban also protect us from the hands of littoral tropical like this. storm. So if the animal species were alive at sundarban then trees were alive and if the trees were alive then this is B. FAUNA absolutely avail of us. Sundarban means not only the tigers but also we can find here types of wild animals species mentioned in below – REFERENCES a. AVIFAUNA [1] Ahmed, R.(2012),“History of Sundarban”, Gotidhara, Banglabazar, Dhaka, pp-369-379 Open bill storks, Black capped Kingfishers [2] Bhattacharya, P. (2012), “Mangrove Manchitra”, Bangio (Hateyonpileata), Water hens, coots, Brahming kite (Haliastur Bhugolemancha, Kolkata, pp- 15-16 Indus), Red jungletowl, Common mynahs, Green pigeons, [3] Ghosal, A. & Chakraborty, S.(2017), “Forest and the Grey-headed fisheagles, Common kingfishers, Little stints, Tribal’s: A study on Forest Resource, Deforestation, and Curlews, Golden plovers, Goliath heron (Ardea Goliath). Forest Management in Tribal life”, Progessive Publishers, 37A, College Street: Kolkata-700073 Page 186 www.ijiras.com | Email: [email protected] International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 5 Issue 8, August 2018 [4] Lal, B.S. & Devanna, S. (2016), “The socio-economic [5] Mandal, A.K. & Nandi, N.C.(1989),“Fauna of Sundarban Development of Primitive Tribes: An Emprical Study In Mangrove Ecosystem”, West Bengal, India; Zoological Adilabad District”, International journal of Information Survey of India, Calcutta, pp- 12-14 Research and Review, Vol. 03, Issue, 10, pp. 29851-2956, 2016 Page 187 www.ijiras.com | Email: [email protected] .
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