The „Sisi Road” – on the Path of Empress Elisabeth… …From
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GMUNDEN - SALT, SPA & STADREGIOTRAM by Mike Bent
Locomotives International August 2017 Nr. 209 GMUNDEN - SALT, SPA & STADREGIOTRAM by Mike Bent Introduction Tram 8 pauses at the Tennisplatz stop in Gmunden. Author Gmunden lies on the northern shore of the Traunsee, to the east of the Salzkammergut district and Salzburg, in the northern to have been in existence by 1210 in Mühlpach (Hallein), to the foothills of the Austrian Alps. In addition to being near the termini south of Salzburg. of the both world’s oldest industrial pipeline and Europe’s second The Archbishop of Salzburg between 1587 and 1612, Wolf oldest public railway, the town, since 1862 a ‘Kurstadt’ (spa Dietrich von Raitenau, encouraged the use of ‘solution mining’ resort), has a 145 year old operational paddle steamer, and one techniques to augment the supply of brine, water being injected of the steepest, shortest urban tramways in Europe, now being into the salt-bearing rock through adits, resulting in the salt expanded into a modern Stadt RegioTram interurban network. being dissolved, and the brine being channelled into salt pans for evaporation. The end result was the production of massive White Alpine Gold quantities of salt. The consequent revival of the salt mining industry and huge sales of the end product resulted in Salzburg Exploitation of the rock salt deposits in and around Salzburg becoming a powerful trading community, the wealth being and the Salzkammergut dates back possibly as far as the 12th displayed in the abundance of Baroque architecture which has century BC at the Hallstatt mine, claimed to be the oldest in the earned the city the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. -
M1928 1945–1950
M1928 RECORDS OF THE GERMAN EXTERNAL ASSETS BRANCH OF THE U.S. ALLIED COMMISSION FOR AUSTRIA (USACA) SECTION, 1945–1950 Matthew Olsen prepared the Introduction and arranged these records for microfilming. National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 2003 INTRODUCTION On the 132 rolls of this microfilm publication, M1928, are reproduced reports on businesses with German affiliations and information on the organization and operations of the German External Assets Branch of the United States Element, Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section, 1945–1950. These records are part of the Records of United States Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group (RG) 260. Background The U.S. Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section was responsible for civil affairs and military government administration in the American section (U.S. Zone) of occupied Austria, including the U.S. sector of Vienna. USACA Section constituted the U.S. Element of the Allied Commission for Austria. The four-power occupation administration was established by a U.S., British, French, and Soviet agreement signed July 4, 1945. It was organized concurrently with the establishment of Headquarters, United States Forces Austria (HQ USFA) on July 5, 1945, as a component of the U.S. Forces, European Theater (USFET). The single position of USFA Commanding General and U.S. High Commissioner for Austria was held by Gen. Mark Clark from July 5, 1945, to May 16, 1947, and by Lt. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes from May 17, 1947, to September 19, 1950. USACA Section was abolished following transfer of the U.S. occupation government from military to civilian authority. -
Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018
Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018 We save the lakes of the world! 1 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 Global Nature Fund (GNF) International Foundation for Environment and Nature Fritz-Reichle-Ring 4 78315 Radolfzell, Germany Phone : +49 (0)7732 99 95-0 Editor in charge : Udo Gattenlöhner Fax : +49 (0)7732 99 95-88 Coordination : David Marchetti, Daniel Natzschka, Bettina Schmidt E-Mail : [email protected] Text : Living Lakes members, Thomas Schaefer Visit us : www.globalnature.org Graphic Design : Didem Senturk Photographs : GNF-Archive, Living Lakes members; Jose Carlo Quintos, SCPW (Page 56) Cover photo : Udo Gattenlöhner, Lake Tota-Colombia 2 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 AMERICAS AFRICA Living Lakes Canada; Canada ........................................12 Lake Nokoué, Benin .................................................... 38 Columbia River Wetlands; Canada .................................13 Lake Ossa, Cameroon ..................................................39 Lake Chapala; Mexico ..................................................14 Lake Victoria; Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda ........................40 Ignacio Allende Reservoir, Mexico ................................15 Bujagali Falls; Uganda .................................................41 Lake Zapotlán, Mexico .................................................16 I. Lake Kivu; Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda 42 Laguna de Fúquene; Colombia .....................................17 II. Lake Kivu; Democratic -
Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters”
American Economic Review 2021, 111(2): 1–35 https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191137 Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters” in the Civil War† By Christian Dippel and Stephan Heblich* This paper studies the role of leaders in the social movement against slavery that culminated in the US Civil War. Our analysis is orga- nized around a natural experiment: leaders of the failed German rev- olution of 1848–1849 were expelled to the United States and became antislavery campaigners who helped mobilize Union Army volun- teers. Towns where Forty-Eighters settled show two-thirds higher Union Army enlistments. Their influence worked through local newspapers and social clubs. Going beyond enlistment decisions, Forty-Eighters reduced their companies’ desertion rate during the war. In the long run, Forty-Eighter towns were more likely to form a local chapter of the NAACP. JEL D74, J15, J45, J61, N31, N41 ( ) Between 1861 and 1865, the United States’ North and South fought each other over the issue of slavery in the American Civil War. One in five adult men, 2.2 mil- lion in the North alone, took up arms to fight in the Union Army. Fighting was costly on both sides. In total, 620,000 men lost their lives, as many as in all other American wars combined Hacker 2011, Costa and Kahn 2003 . At the same time, the finan- ( ) cial incentives to fight in the war were low. Union Army privates earned about $13 per month, less than a farmhand Edmunds 1866 , and payment was irregular. In the ( ) South, there were stronger economic motives at least for some, since the war was about the survival of Southern institutions and property Hall, Huff, and Kuriwaki ( 2019 . -
How to Evaluate German Unification?
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Zapf, Wolfgang Working Paper How to evaluate German unification? WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 00-404 Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Zapf, Wolfgang (2000) : How to evaluate German unification?, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 00-404, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50191 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise -
Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925
Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925 By Jaime Lapeyre RN, Ph.D. Candidate University of Toronto Canada [email protected] and By Sioban Nelson RN, Ph.D., FCAHS Dean and Professor, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto Canada [email protected] © 2011 by Jaime Lapeyre and Sioban Nelson The Rockefeller Foundation’s (RF) Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France (CPTF) was established in 1917 and included the RF’s first involvement with the training of nurses. During the first few years of the war the RF had formed a War Relief Commission and provided aid to Belgium, Serbia and Poland, as well as other war-ravaged countries, as a result of their continued study of conditions in Europe. Upon the U.S.’s entry into the war, and the formation of the War Council under the American Red Cross, the RF withdrew its War Relief Commission and merged its resources with the Red Cross. One of the areas in most need of help was that of tuberculosis prevention in France. After careful study of this field by Dr. Hermann Biggs, New York State Commissioner of Health, and at the invitation of French authorities, the International Health Board (IHB) of the RF formed the Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France. The work of the Commission included establishing centers for the training of tuberculosis workers and visiting nurses.1 1 The nurse placed in charge of the Commission’s training program for health visitors was Frances Elisabeth Crowell. Crowell was an American, who after completing her training as a nurse, moved to New York to complete her social work education at the New York School of Philanthropy. -
How to Better Use the Full Potential of European Capitals of Culture (Ecocs)
How to better use the full potential of European Capitals of Culture (ECoCs) by selection and monitoring panel members nominated by European Parliament Sylvia Amann (Austria) Agnieszka Wlazel (Poland) (in collaboration with Cristina Farinha – Portugal) Selection and monitoring panel . 10 international (+ 2 national) independent experts . Diversity of expertise . Gender balance . Democratic working framework . Rotating roles . Monitoring as enhancing support instead of severe control . Benefits of extended mandates (capacity building) ECoC calendar 2020+ . 2020: Rijeka (HR), Galway (IE) . 2021: Timisoara (RO), Eleusis (GR), Novi Sad (Serbia) . 2022: Kaunas (LT), Esch (LU) . 2023: Veszprem (HU), ------- (UK) . 2024: Tartu (EE), Bad Ischl (AT), Bodo (NO) . 2025: Germany, Slovenia . 2026: Slovakia, Finland . 2027: Latvia, Portugal . 2028: Czech Republic, France . … New ECoCs 2020-2033 – Major developments . Long term strategy and legacy . European (and international) dimension . Artistic and cultural programme (Heritage & Innovation) . Political and infrastructural frameworks . Outreach and social impact . ECoC management and governance Better political and infrastructural frameworks . Support strategic planning & long-term thinking . Understand urban and regional challenges . Ability to translate local challenges to EU debates . Sound multilevel governance framework . Coordinated diverse multi-stakeholder participation . Assurance of budgetary stability . Sound combination of soft measures and hard infrastructure . Understand the leverage effect for all bidding cities Enhanced social impact and resilience . Invest in sustainable capacity building . Local, regional and international cooperation – artistic and cross- sectorial . Facilitate broad and diverse civic participation . Further social cooperation and integration . Audience development for the arts . ECoC family Better European and international dimension . Connect to European debates and priorities beyond slogans . Understand the emblematic power of the ECoC for the EU . -
15Th INTERNATIONAL CHOIR COMPETITION & FESTIVAL BAD
BAD ISCHL, AUSTRIA APRIL 27 - MAY 1, 2022 15th INTERNATIONAL CHOIR COMPETITION & FESTIVAL BAD ISCHL PARTICIPANT INFORMATION GREETING Welcome, dear guests and participants, Come and be part of this magnificent and matchless international choral music event 2022 in Austria! Set in the charming scenery of the Salzkammergut and breathing the inimitable flair of a spa town made famous by the stays of the Austrian imperial family, every performance of a choir in this city becomes a unique artistic and cultural experience. Bad Ischl is an ideal town to host a festival, impressing with the splendour of historical buildings and so rich in stories like the ones about Sissi and Emperor Franz Joseph, probably Austria’s most legendary imperial couple. In addition to the competitions, everyone is invited to join the cheerful encounters between the choirs and the visitors of Bad Ischl in the form of celebration and friendship concerts as well as church services accompanied by choral music. The city of Bad Ischl and the fascinating landscape and atmosphere of the World Cultural Heritage region of the Salzkammergut offer an abundance of treats for tourists wishing to discover some of the most beautiful lakes, mountains and sites of the world. We are looking forward to seeing you again! Welcome and enjoy your stay! Günter Titsch, President INTERKULTUR 2 Bad Ischl 2022 ORGANIZER INTERKULTUR in cooperation with Bad Ischl Ines Schiller, Mayor Upper Austria – Cultural directorate Salzkammergut Touristik GmbH Brigitte Stumpner - Director Tourismusverband Bad Ischl President INTERKULTUR Günter Titsch (Germany) Artistic Director Bad Ischl 2022 Assoc. Prof. Romāns Vanags (Latvia) INTERKULTUR Artistic Committee Prof. -
Und Rechnungsanschriften
Übersicht Standard Liefer-, Anliefer- und Rechnungsanschriften Standard *Liefer-, Anliefer- & Rechnungsanschriften *Zu beachten sind abweichende Angaben der Liefer-/Anlieferadressen in Verträgen/Bestellungen Ersteller: Pöschl, Christine Freigeber: Bierwag, Frank; Faas, Toni Datum: 01.03.2018 Kommentar: [Kommentar] Gültig für: Alle Fachbereich: Rechnungswesen;Kreditoren;Einkauf Berufsgruppe: weitere Berufe Thema: [SK_OfficeFachthema] Dateiname: Standard Liefer-, Anliefer- und Rechnungsanschriften vom 13.12.2018 15:27 Version: 27.0 Seite 1 von 7 Übersicht Standard Liefer-, Anliefer- und Rechnungsanschriften Zusatz zur Rechnungsanschriften Liefer-/Anlieferadresse Anlieferzeiten: Anlieferadresse Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG SK0010 Am Roseneck 6 Postfach 15 53 83209 Prien am Chiemsee 83205 Prien am Chiemsee USt-ID DE188814643 Haus Rosenheim: Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG HausRosenheim Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG Droste-Hülshoff-Str. 4 SK0010 83024 Rosenheim Postfach 15 53 83205 Prien am Chiemsee Mind Doc: Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG SK0010 USt-ID DE188814643 Postfach 15 53 83205 Prien am Chiemsee Tagesklinik München: Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG Frau Leinung Tagesklinik Anlieferung: 5. Stock Schön Klinik Roseneck SE & Co. KG Einsteinstraße 130 SK0010 81675 München Postfach 15 53 83205 Prien am Chiemsee Schön Klinik Institut für Psychotherapie GmbH Schön Klinik Institut für Psychotherapie GmbH SK0530 Noch in Klärung Postfach 15 53 83205 Prien am Chiemsee UST-ID DE306720696 Schön Klinik MVZ Psychosomatik GmbH Schön Klinik MVZ Psychosomatik GmbH Warenannahme: Mo.-Do. SK0527 Seestraße 5a Empfang 08:00 – 17:00 Uhr Postfach 15 53 83209 Prien am Chiemsee 83205 Prien am Chiemsee USt-ID DE297597273 Fr. 08:00 – 15:30 Uhr Schön Klinik Bad Aibling SE & Co. -
The Habsburg Monarchy Makes Peace (1606)
Volume 1. From the Reformation to the Thirty Years War, 1500-1648 Rebels and Ottomans – The Habsburg Monarchy Makes Peace (1606) War and peace between the Ottoman sultans and the Holy Roman emperors was a major strand of Imperial history from the Ottomans’ first invasion of Hungary in 1526 to their decisive defeat at Imperial hands in Vienna in 1683. In contested Hungary, there were alternating periods of serious campaigning (1526-47, 1593-1606, 1663-83) and long, negotiated truces (1547-93, 1606-63). In its early phase, this contest played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation, for it provided the Protestant princes with a tactic that became a policy: no taxes without concessions on religion. During the next decades, some saw the Ottoman threat as a more or less welcome Habsburg problem, others as a threat to the Empire. Financial and symbolic goods played an important role in this rhythm. For example, the peace of 1547, which was renewed in 1562 and 1590, contained passages in which the Holy Roman emperor acknowledged the Ottoman overlordship of Hungary and agreed to pay the sultans 30,000 Venetian ducats per year in tribute. Between major campaigns, the respective positions were held by two heavily fortified systems of defense. On the Habsburg side, the defensive line was called “the military frontier” and was manned by Croats, Vlachs, and Serbs who were both free farmers and resident warriors. Trading across the frontier was a reality, but so were raids in strength, which sometimes presaged major outbreaks of all-out war. One such incident occurred in 1592, when Emperor Rudolph II sent a large force to the front and helped spark the so-called Long War. -
Das Ehafftrecht Von Albaching De Auch Waldanteile
Mittelalter Das Ehafft recht von Albaching benes Gewohnheitsrecht. Für Albaching – Alltagsrecht im Mittelalter stammt die älteste bekannte schriftliche Fixierung aus dem Jahr 1589. Eine Besonderheit Albachings im Mit- telalter war das so genannte Ehafftrecht, Ein eigenes Dorfrecht bedeutete für Al- das das gemeinschaftliche Leben im Ort baching eine besondere Freiheit und Ei- organisierte und Streitigkeiten vermeiden genständigkeit. Denn auf Grundlage des sollte. Die mittelalterliche und auch später Rechtes konnten gewisse Angelegenheiten die frühneuzeitliche Gesellschaft direkt im Ort geregelt werden. Allerdings kannte Rechte, die vom Ort ab- war die Zuständigkeit von der Schwere hängig waren oder auch von der der Straftat abhängig. Mord und Totschlag Zugehörigkeit zu einer bestimm- beispielsweise wurden vor dem Grafen in ten Gruppe von Personen wie Haag verhandelt. Studenten oder Soldaten. Was an einem Ort Recht war, gehörte Insgesamt waren es 21 Artikel, die ein nicht unbedingt zu den Grund- friedliches Zusammenleben in Albaching sätzen an einem anderen Ort. garantieren sollten. Die einzelnen Para- Was für den Studenten galt, war graphen mögen dabei aus heutiger Sicht nicht unbedingt rechtsverbind- eigentümlich wirken, doch waren sie für lich für den Soldaten. Es gab die Gesellschaft des Mittelalters von ele- nicht das gleiche Recht für alle. mentarer Bedeutung. So befahl eine Ver- ordnung etwa die Einfriedung des Feldes, Albaching besaß über die Jahr- nachdem man im Frühjahr oder Herbst hunderte ein ganz spezi\ sches angebaut hatte. Vier Amtmänner über- Recht, das schon einige Kilome- prüften diese Einfriedung und ahndeten ter weiter nicht mehr Geltung Nachlässigkeiten mit einer Geldstrafe. hatte. Es ist unter dem Begriff „Ehafftrecht“ bekannt. Der mit- Aus dieser Verordnung wird deutlich, dass telhochdeutsche Begriff Ehafft in der Gemeinde Amtmänner wirkten. -
Lake Walking in the Salzkammergut Austria: Self-Guided Walking
Lake Walking in the Salzkammergut Austria: Self-Guided Walking East of Salzburg, you find a breathtaking region dotted with many lakes called the Salzkammergut. The landscape includes fjord-like steep rocks and cliffs bordering lush, green mountains and pristine green-blue mountain lakes. This stunning panorama of natural beauty has drawn visitors for centuries and was the favored summer resort of the Habsburg monarchy. The Hallstättersee region has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site for its great natural and cultural heritage. The idyllic village of Hallstatt is “the jewel of this region” but Bad Ischl, Bad Goisern, St. Wolfgang, and St. Gilgen are some of our other favorite villages you will visit. Your tour will last 8 days and 7 nights. You'll spend two nights each in Bad Ischl and Bad Goisern, and three nights in Abersee or St. Wolfgang. Included in the Tour Price • 7 nights of lodging in charming 3 and 4-star hotels with private facilities • 7 breakfasts • Luggage transfer • All transportation during the tour except from Strobl to Bad Ischl (€3) • Route directions (one per room), maps and brochures • Welcome meeting • GPS Device • All taxes for the hotel and restaurant portions of the tour Daily Itinerary Day 1: Individual arrival in your hotel in Abersee near St. Wolfgang You'll make your way to your first hotel, with time to explore the town. Day 2: St. Wolfgang-St. Gilgen - 6.5 miles (10.5 km, 4 hours) + 354 meters - 354 meters Your day will begin with a short boat ride from Abersee to St.