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Scania (Great Britain) Limited, Delaware Drive, Tongwell, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire MK15 8HB +44 01908 210210 www.scania.co.uk October 2018 decarbonising coaches hvo trial evaluation: scania, lucketts travel and green biofuels Scania pursues an active policy of product development and improvement. For this reason, Scania reserves the right to make changes relating to design and specification, its products and services and any information without prior notice. Britain) Limited ©Scania (Great Edition 2018.10 foreword As we progress on our low carbon journey and cement Scania’s position as a leader in sustainable transport, we are constantly looking at potential opportunities for our customers to shift to a low carbon sustainable solution. Just as we worked closely with We sincerely hope that the trial will stakeholders to promote the use see government and policy support of bio-gas in the bus industry, we to encourage HVO use within the identified such an opportunity in coach sector. the form of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). The engagement and contributions from all involved with this trial have All our engines from Euro IV onwards been great and the commitment they are able to run without modification have shown illustrates that we have on HVO. While the fuel is widely a real opportunity to drive the shift used across the European market, to a future of sustainable transport. it hasn’t had the same level of adoption in the UK. There are a few myths which may have prevented its uptake in our market, which we have looked at objectively as part of our trial, such as the supply and availability of the fuel. Although the fuel cannot be purchased through the mainstream network, this wouldn’t be an issue for a ‘back to base’ or ‘captive fleet’. All the stakeholders entered into this trial with a number of aims, which this document will cover in more detail. Our aims included: creating awareness of HVO as an alternative fuel option in coach sector ,outlining the benefits as well gaining customer and government acceptance of the fuel Martin West, and its performance with real-life Sales Director, New Bus & Coach tangible results. 04 Decarbonising Coaches – HVO Trial Evaluation 05 BACKGROUND THE FUEL AND AIMS THE TRIAL PROJECT AIMS As Scania has been developing its Sustainable Solutions portfolio, a potential solution for customers who operate long The trial had a number of aims, including: haul/intercity/scheduled coach services and require a low carbon solution was identified. • Decarbonising coaches by using a renewable and sustainable fuel option. Unlike the bus sector, which has seen years of funding support and adoption of clean technology, the only low carbon • Creating awareness of low carbon solutions, offer currently available in the coach sector is Euro VI diesel. engaging the coach sector and stakeholders. This represents a challenge for the coach industry and • Educating the industry and the wider audience Scania believed that by highlighting HVO, a plug and play of the existence of HVO and its benefits. alternative could be introduced demonstrating that coaches can too be part of the solution and can contribute towards • Gaining acceptance of the fuel and its the UKs carbon emission targets. performance among the industry with real-life data. The trial took place from June to September 2018 using Luckett’s National Express operations. Two routes were • Encouraging the coach sector to look at and chosen – Portsmouth to London and Portsmouth to Brighton. adopt a commercially viable alternative to This was done for comparability. fossil fuels. The routes routinely use 14 vehicles. These were split with • Using the findings to work with government so seven of the vehicles running on HVO and seven on regular the fuel can receive support to encourage its diesel so that a direct comparison can be drawn between use within this segment. the two. • Offering an alternative to retrofit technology, A temporary infrastructure was located at Luckett’s Fareham if proven benefits are realised. depot, where the HVO vehicles were fuelled. THE VEHICLES SCANIA SAYS: Scania K410 EB 6x2*4 with Caetano Levante II bodywork Scania approves HVO EN 15940 as a • Scania K410 6X2*4 fuel in its Euro IV, Euro V and Euro VI • Caetano Levante II bodywork diesel engines for trucks and buses. • Scania opticruise gearbox and rear axle • 14.1 Metre The exception is DC07 101. This is not approved for other mixtures of • 56 Passenger Seats HVO 15940 than those in accordance with EN 590. No modifications had to be made to the vehicles ahead of the trial for them to be compatible with HVO. Get in touch with your local Scania representative to talk to them about Before the trial period began, information was gathered the alternative fuels suitable for to create baseline readings to compare the data taken at your application. the end of the period. 06 Decarbonising Coaches – HVO Trial Evaluation 02 DID YOU KNOW? The greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life hvo – a sustainable cycle of HVO made from wastes and residues are on average 90% SMALLER than those of fossil diesel. This significantly exceeds the current EU-level alternative requirement for a 50% reduction. All the wastes and residues used meet the criteria set by the European (EU RED) and North American (RFS) Hydrotreated What is HVO? chains, thus creating hydrocarbons legislation. Waste and residue raw materials are, for which are similar to existing diesel fuel example, traceable to their origins (at the vegetable Vegetable Oil (HVO) The common acronym ‘HVO’ comes components. This allows blending in oil or meat processing plants), as required by law. is widely available from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil or any desired ratio without any concerns Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil – in the regarding fuel quality. today throughout case of Neste, the fuel supplier for this trial, it is Hydrotreated. Neste It is this manufacturing process that Europe, but has not Corporation calls its own product makes HVO a sustainable fuel in the so far been adopted ‘Neste Renewable Diesel’ and in the tanks of vehicles as it doesn’t clog case of Green Biofuels, ‘Green D’. up the tank or rot any rubber engine to the same degree components. The chemical composition is within the UK. comparable to fossil fuel, meaning it CEO of Green Biofuels, Magnus behaves just like conventional diesel. It Hammick, simplifies the process of also offers a ‘well-to-wheel’ reduction manufacturing HVO: “Essentially it’s a The HVO used in the in carbon dioxide of up to 90%. It’s often big soup made of organic matter which described as a ‘splash and go’ fuel. is bombarded with hydrogen, this splits Luckett’s National the soup. The top part is HVO and the Express trial is rest is made up of waste streams, What is Hydrotreatment? which is put back into the organic soup produced from used to be hydrotreated again.” The hydrotreating of vegetable oils as cooking oil (UCO) well as suitable waste and residue fat and is certified palm fractions to produce HVO is a quite new What is it made of? but already mature commercial scale oil free. manufacturing process. It is based on oil • Animal fat from food industry waste refining know-how and is used for the • Fish fat from fish processing waste production of biofuels for diesel engines. • Residues from vegetable oil processing The fuel is being • UCO - Used Cooking Oil In the process, hydrogen is used to • Technical Corn Oil supplied by Green remove oxygen from the triglyceride • Tall Oil Pitch vegetable oil molecules and to split Biofuels, the UK’s the triglyceride into three separate sole importer of HVO produced by Finland-based Neste. But I heard Palm Oil was bad? The role of palm oil in Neste raw material portfolio has become less significant in recent years. In 2017, it accounted for approximately 20% of the raw material usage. All the palm oil used in this trial has been fully traceable to the plantation level since 2007, and 100% certified since 2013. The amount of certified palm oil Neste uses represents less than 1% of the global consumption of palm oil, and 6% of the biofuel industry’s usage. All the oils used are on the RED II preferable list. 08 Decarbonising Coaches – HVO Trial Evaluation so what was the opinion on hvo fuel? We talked to a customer, a vehicle manufacturer and a fuel supplier for their thoughts . MARKET POSITION AND OPPORTUNITIES Global United Kingdom approximately 15 customers who we have supplied approximately Over the last five years, Hydrotreated In the UK, the use of HVO is less 2.5 million litres of fuel to. Vegetable Oil (HVO) production has prevalent to the rest of Europe. been developing rapidly on a global “Our conservative estimates, based scale with more oil majors and on these customers moving from dedicated renewable fuel producers “There has been trial quantities to full contracted investing in HVO production units. quantities, is for 100–150 million litres The acceptance of HVO is especially strong uptake. during 2019. This is a figure we expect prevalent in Europe and the US, but Typical customers will grow as adoption is more widely there is growing interest from the known about. Asian market. are centrally fuelled users “There has been strong uptake. Typical According to the greenea.com website, with large capacity customers are centrally fuelled users ‘Europe will remain, by far, the leader on with large capacity diesel engines the HVO market with 3,870,000 MT of diesel engines fleets, on-road, off-road and marine. installed capacity by 2020’. fleets, on-road, Those that operate in Low Emission Zones and where air quality and Sweden is one of the pioneers in using off-road and Greenhouse Gas saving is either a HVO in Europe.

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