DOCSLIB.ORG

OROBANCHE CERNUA) in TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM) Promotores: Dr.Ir

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
OROBANCHE CERNUA) in TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM) Promotores: Dr.Ir MANAGEMENT OF BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CERNUA) IN TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM) Promotores: dr.ir. P.C. Struik, hoogleraar in de gewas- en graslandkunde dr. M. Udayakumar, professor in crop physiology, Department of Crop Physiology, UAS, Bangalore, India Co-promotor: dr. S.J. ter Borg, wetenschappelijk hoofdmedewerker bij de vakgroep Terrestrische Oecologie en Natuurbeheer ij/uoPzo' , £/3S G.N. Dhanapal MANAGEMENT OF BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHECERNUA) IN TOBACCO (N/COT/ANA TABACUM) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor, op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C.M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 16 september 1996 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen BIELJOTHEEK LANDBOUWUNIVER3ITHT WAGENÏNGEN Dhanapal, G.N. Management of broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) I G.N. Dhanapal. - [S.l. : s.n.] Thesis Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. - With réf. - With summary in Dutch. ISBN 90-5485-571-1 Subject headings: Management / Orobanche cernua I tobacco ?o', *-'3S STELLINGEN Scientific pest control requires a basic knowledge of ecological principles, biological intricacies of the pest, and natural factors that tend to regulate population dynamics of the pest. The longevity of seeds of Orobanche spp. in the soil is much shorter than is often stated in the literature. This may strongly affect views on control strategies. Puzzilli M., 1983. Tobacco broomrapes and their control and some useful references to other parasite and host species. Rivista Agricultura Subtropicale e Tropicale 77, 209-248. Krishnamurthy, G.V.G., K. Nagarajan & Ramji Lai, 1985. Studies on longevity and depth of emergence of broomrape in tobacco field. Indian Journal of Weed Science 17 (4), 38-41. The phrase "One year seeding is seven years weeding" certainly holds for Orobanche. The germination phase isth e most critical phase in the life cycle of broomrape; control should focus on this phase. 5. The positive effects of root exudates on the germination of Orobanche seeds in the presence of high concentrations of a strigol analogue suggest that a complex of stimulants is required to obtain maximum germination. Broomrapes reduce yields of host plants by affecting partitioning of assimilates and nutrients, not by a direct toxic effect. 7. Integrated control of broomrape at high infestation levels should include growing a trap crop, chemical control by a selective herbicide and control of remaining spikes by hand weeding or plant oils. At low levels of infestation, use of herbicides can be omitted. Late hand weeding remains essential, even at very low levels of infestation. Development of herbicide resistant crop cultivars through genetic engineering will enhance the use of selective herbicides to control parasitic weeds. 9. To achieve multi-dimensional sustainability in Indian agriculture, an integrated management strategy to control pests, diseases and weeds, and organic farming are the best options, since they are ecologically friendly, environmentally safe and economically feasible. 10. Mind is like a parachute: it only functions when it opens. Stellingen behorende bij het proefschift: Management of broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) G.N. Dhanapal, Wageningen, 16 september 1996 ACCOUNT The Chapters 2 - 8 will be published in scientific journals: Chapter 2 is in press in the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science; Chapter 3 will be submitted to the Indian Journal of Weed Science; Chapter 4 has been submitted to the Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science; Chapters 5, 6 and 7 will be submitted to the Indian Journal of Weed Science; Chapter 8 is in press in the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. Affee tiona te/y Dedicated To My Family Mrs. Pushpa pal & Master Yashpal ABSTRACT Dhanapal, G.N., 1996. Management of broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). Doctoral thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 183 pp., English and Dutch summaries. Tobacco is an important commercial crop in India. India is the third largest tobacco producing country in the world.Tobacco is cultivated in an area of 0.428 million ha. Non-Virginia tobaccos such as bidi tobacco constitute about 65% of the total tobacco area in the country. Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) isa debilitatin g holoparasitic weed inal l tobacco growing areas in India, with a devastating effect on the crop. In India, yield loss in tobacco ranges from 30 - 70%; at present hand weeding is the only practice in India applied to control the parasite. With this background, several field and laboratory experiments were conducted in Karnataka State, Southern India,t o study the germination biology and to develop a suitable method to induce the germination of the parasite, and to develop a technology by integrating agronomic and chemical approaches to control the parasite at different phases. The germination phase of the parasite is a critical period. The seed bank of the parasite can be reduced by stimulating the germination through chemicals, natural host stimulants or both. GR24 (a strigol analogue) at 1.0 and 0.1 ppm, was the standard to assess potential germination. Of the other chemicals, gibberellic acid at 10 and 20 ppm was most effective. The stimulating effects of host plants were significant even when GR24 was applied. Suicidal germination of the parasitic seedstriggere d by growing trap crops reduced the weed population andth e growth of the host plants was hastened due to green manuring effect of trap crops. Therefore, including a trap crop in the rotation may reduce the problem. Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L) and greengram (Vigna radiata L.) are promising trap crops in a cropping system containing bidi tobacco in areas where tobacco is grown in a long growing season. Chemical control by (systemic) herbicides is also an option. Maleic hydrazide (MH) reduced broomrape spikes at 0.25 - 0.75 kg a.i./ha applied at 30 or 40 days after transplanting (DAT) tobacco. Higher tobacco yields were obtained with 0.25 kg a.i./ha MH, which was on par with the hand weeding treatment both in "infested" and "non-infested" tobacco plants. Higher concentrations of MH were toxic to tobacco crop. Glyphosate at 0.50 kg a.i./ha applied at 60 DAT and imazaquin at 0.01 kg a.i./ha applied at 30 DAT reduced the broomrape population by almost 80% and increased tobacco leaf dry weight by more than 40% compared to the control treatment. Imazapyr and EPTC were less effective. Swabbing natural plant oils killed the bud and stem parts of the parasite by suffocation. Neem, coconut and sunflower oils showed quick knock-down effects in killing the bud part, whereas neem oil did not kill the stem part of the parasite. Niger, castor and mustard oils appeared to be (somewhat) less effective. Ingeneral ,ther e is anegativ e linear relation between broomrape infestation and tobacco yield, with a very large (negative) regression coefficient. No single method is effective in controlling the parasite. The seed bank of the parasite should be minimized in a phased manner by integrating cultural and chemical methods of control. Therefore, an integrated management strategy is the best perspective to control broomrapes in a crop wherever it is problematic. Key words: biditobacco , broomrape, chemical control, Crotalaria juncea, gibberellic acid, germination stimulants, GR24, herbicides, integrated weed control, natural plant oils, Orobanche cernua, parasitic weed, suicidal germination,tra p crop, Vigna radia ta. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Prof. dr. ir. Paul C. Struik, Professor of Crop and Grassland Science, Department of Agronomy, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands and First Promotor of my Ph.D. programme, for his invaluable and expert guidance, persistent encouragement, constructive criticisms and keen interest throughout the course of this investigation. Ials o remain highly obliged to him for having spared so much of his scarce and precious time incriticall y examining the manuscript with patience during the preparation of this thesis. I am deeply indebted to Dr. M. Udayakumar, Professor and Head, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India and Second Promotor of my Ph.D.programm e for hisvaluabl e suggestions, constructive criticisms and encouragement in conducting several experiments of the present investigation. I also thank Dr. S.J. ter Borg, Department of Terrestrial Ecology and Nature Conservation,Wageninge n Agricultural University, for improving my manuscript by sharing her great knowledge on broomrapes. It is an honour to me that she is willing to act as my Co-promotor. My everlasting thanks aredu e to Dr. G. Radder, Director of Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dr. B. Narayana Bhat, Senior Tobacco Scientist, Mr. Yanda Goudar, Senior Farm Superintendent and other staff members of the Agricultural Research Station, Nipani, India for their encouragement and providing all the facilities in conducting various field experiments. My grateful thanks are due to Dr. R. Devendra, Associate Professor of Crop Physiology, Dr. T.G. Prasad, Professor of Crop Physiology and Dr. Syamasundar Joshi, Associate Professor of Botany of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India; their help and inspiration was instrumental in completing the research work. I thank Mr. G.V.G. Krishnamurthy, Retd. Scientist, Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh for his
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Gattungen Orobanche Und Phelipanche). Teil 2: Von Linnés „Species Plantarum“ Bis Becks Monographie
    Kochia09_02:Layout 1 13.07.15 20:07 Seite 59 kochia 9: 59– 92 (2015) 59 Geschichte der Erforschung der Sommerwurzgewächse (Gattungen Orobanche und Phelipanche). teil 2: von linnés „Species plantarum“ bis Becks monographie. (Fortsetzung aus Kochia 8: 27–61) holger UhlIch Zusammenfassung: teil 2 der reihe beleuchtet 1. Einleitung die systematische erforschung der gattungen Orobanche und Phelipanche in der Periode von Die weitere verbreitung und vervollkommnung linnés „Species Plantarum“ 1753 bis zur ersten des Buchdrucks sowie die Fortschritte in der grundlegenden monographie zur gattung Oro- naturwissenschaft, namentlich der Botanik, banche von g. Beck 1890. ein abschließender brachten es mit sich, dass die zahl der veröf- abschnitt bringt ergänzungen zum ersten teil fentlichungen stieg. Im gegensatz zum ersten (behandelte den zeitraum von den anfängen teil dieser reihe ist es nun nicht mehr möglich, bis 1753; kochia 8: 27–61). Fünf neukombina- den zunächst angestrebten vollständigen Über- tionen werden vorgenommen: (1) Myzorrhiza blick über alle relevanten Werke zum thema californica subsp. grayana (Beck) UhlIch, (2) Sommerwurz-gewächse zu geben. D. h., dass Phelipanche mutelii var. nana (reUt.) UhlIch & sich der verfasser nun zunehmend auf die rÄtzel, (3) Phelipanche mutelii var. nana f. ma- Werke und arbeiten beschränken muss, die nostachys (Beck) UhlIch & rÄtzel, (4) Pheli- entweder wichtige Impulse für das verständnis panche caesia var. borealis (tUrcz.) UhlIch der Pflanzen, die gegenstand dieser abhandlung und (5) Diphelypaea coccinea var. boissieri sind, gaben oder weil ihre verfasser sich über (reUt.) UhlIch. die jahre intensiv mit der Pflanzengruppe be- schäftigt haben. Damit ist aber nicht gesagt, Abstract: history of the exploration of the dass unerwähnt gebliebene Werke nicht mit broomrape family (genera Orobanche and Sorgfalt oder gründlichkeit diese thematik dar- Phelipanche).
    [Show full text]
  • An Account of Orobanche L. in Britain and Ireland
    Watsonia, 18, 257-295 (1991) 257 An accountof OrobancheL. in Britain and Ireland J. RUMSEY and S. L. JURY Departmentof Botany, Universityof Reading,P.O. Box 221,Reading, Berkshire, RG6 2AS ABSTRACT Morphological descriptions are given of the 14 speciesof Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) recorded in the British Isles, together with separate keys for identifying fresh material and herbarium specimens. Accounts of the history of the speciesare presented together with illustrations and distribution maps. The variation in Orobanche minor is accounted for with the recognition of four varieties. INTRODUcnON ..,,; . The genus Orobanche is renowned as a taxonomically very difficult one. In most casesthis is a result of many of the useful charactersbecoming lost on drying, and the lack of adequate field notes. Plants which are very distinct in the field become reduced to a hideous brown uniformity when pressed. Therefore, herbarium specimens are often incorrectly determined (an average of 5-10% in fact). The loss of characters on drying, considerable intra-specific variation, confusing synonymies, incorrectly cited names and badly described specieswith poor types (often with different specieson the same sheet) have done little to generate interest in the genus. Too many botanists have shown a reluctance to deal with this genusin herbaria, perpetuating the myth that the speciesare impossible to identify once dried. Certainly, Orobanche minor Sm. and its close relatives often cannot be positively determined without descriptive notes made at the time of gathering, but all other species from the British Isles are distinct enough not to need any additional information. It is hoped that this account will stimulate other botanists to study, identify and record members of this fascinating parasitic genus in Britain and Ireland, as well as clear up some errors and confusions made in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Race Structure of Orobanche Cumana and the Breeding of Sunflower for Resistance to This Parasitic Weed: a Review
    Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13(4), e10R01, 19 pages (2015) eISSN: 2171-9292 http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015134-8080 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) REVIEW ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review Leire Molinero-Ruiz1, Philippe Delavault2, Begoña Pérez-Vich1, Maria Pacureanu-Joita3, Mariano Bulos4, Emiliano Altieri4 and Juan Domínguez5 1 CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture. Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Cordoba, Spain. 2 University of Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales. 2 rue de la Houssinière. 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. 3 National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea. 915200, Jud. Calarasi, Romania. 4 NIDERA S.A., Biotechnology Department. Ruta 8 km 376, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina. 5 IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, CAPMA (Junta de Andalucía), 14080 Cordoba, Spain Abstract Broomrape, caused by Orobanche cumana, has affected sunflowers since the early 20th century in Eastern Europe. Currently, it limits sunflower oil production in Southern and Eastern Europe and in some areas of Asia, causing around 50% seed losses when susceptible hybrids are grown. Covered in this review are aspects such as: biological processes that are common to Orobanche spp. and/or particular to O. cumana in sunflower, genetic resistance and its mechanisms, races of the parasite identified in different countries throughout the time and their increasing virulence, and breeding for resistance to some herbicides as a novel control op- tion. The main purpose is to present an updated and, as far as possible, complete picture of the way both the parasitic weed and its host crop have evolved in time, and how they co-exist in the current agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • ABA Signaling Components in Phelipanche Aegyptiaca Gil Wiseglass, Oded Pri-Tal & Assaf Mosquna
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN ABA signaling components in Phelipanche aegyptiaca Gil Wiseglass, Oded Pri-Tal & Assaf Mosquna Obligate root holoparasite Phelipanche aegyptiaca is an agricultural pest, which infests its hosts and Received: 20 November 2018 feeds on the sap, subsequently damaging crop yield and quality. Its notoriously viable seed bank may Accepted: 12 April 2019 serve as an ideal pest control target. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was shown to regulate P. Published: xx xx xxxx aegyptiaca seed dormancy following strigolactones germination stimulus. Transcription analysis of signaling components revealed fve ABA receptors and two co-receptors (PP2C). Transcription of lower ABA-afnity subfamily III receptors was absent in all tested stages of P. aegyptiaca development and parasitism stages. P. aegyptiaca ABA receptors interacted with the PP2Cs, and inhibited their activity in an ABA-dependent manner. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed multiple alleles in two P. aegyptiaca ABA receptors, with many non-synonymous mutations. Functional analysis of selected receptor alleles identifed a variant with substantially decreased inhibitory efect of PP2Cs activity in-vitro. These results provide evidence that P. aegyptiaca is capable of biochemically perceiving ABA. In light of the possible involvement of ABA in parasitic activities, the discovery of active ABA receptors and PP2Cs could provide a new biochemical target for the agricultural management of P. aegyptiaca. Furthermore, the potential genetic loss of subfamily III receptors in this species, could position P. aegyptiaca as a valuable model in the ABA perception research feld. The obligate root holoparasite weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape), is a species from the Orobanchaceae family, which includes some of the most agriculturally damaging weeds1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Biological and Transcriptomic Characterization of Pre-Haustorial Resistance to Sunflower 1 Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana W.)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431739; this version posted February 18, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Biological and Transcriptomic Characterization of Pre-haustorial Resistance to Sunflower 2 Broomrape (Orobanche cumana W.) 3 Dana Sisou1,2,3, Yaakov Tadmor2, Dina Plakhine1, Sariel Hübner4, Hanan Eizenberg1 4 1Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research 5 Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel 6 2Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research 7 Organization Ramat Yishay, Israel 8 3The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, 9 Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel 10 4 MIGAL, Galilee Research Institute, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel. 11 5Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon 12 LeZion, Israel 13 14 EMAIL: [email protected] 15 Orchid-ID: 0000-0002-3412-8817 16 17 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431739; this version posted February 18, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 18 Abstract 19 Infestations with sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), an obligatory root parasite, constitute 20 a major limitation to sunflower production in many regions around the world. Breeding for resistance is the 21 most effective approach to reduce sunflower broomrape infestation, yet resistance mechanisms are often 22 overcome by new races of the pathogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Infection by Parasitic Weeds: a Review
    plants Review Management of Infection by Parasitic Weeds: A Review Mónica Fernández-Aparicio 1,*, Philippe Delavault 2 and Michael P. Timko 3 1 Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain 2 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; [email protected] 3 Department of Biology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 July 2020; Accepted: 9 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: Parasitic plants rely on neighboring host plants to complete their life cycle, forming vascular connections through which they withdraw needed nutritive resources. In natural ecosystems, parasitic plants form one component of the plant community and parasitism contributes to overall community balance. In contrast, when parasitic plants become established in low biodiversified agroecosystems, their persistence causes tremendous yield losses rendering agricultural lands uncultivable. The control of parasitic weeds is challenging because there are few sources of crop resistance and it is difficult to apply controlling methods selective enough to kill the weeds without damaging the crop to which they are physically and biochemically attached. The management of parasitic weeds is also hindered by their high fecundity, dispersal efficiency, persistent seedbank, and rapid responses to changes in agricultural practices, which allow them to adapt to new hosts and manifest increased aggressiveness against new resistant cultivars. New understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the processes of germination and haustorium development, and behind the crop resistant response, in addition to the discovery of new targets for herbicides and bioherbicides will guide researchers on the design of modern agricultural strategies for more effective, durable, and health compatible parasitic weed control.
    [Show full text]
  • Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche Aegyptiaca) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies
    plants Article Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies Yaakov Goldwasser 1,* , Onn Rabinovitz 2, Zev Gerstl 3, Ahmed Nasser 3, Amit Paporisch 1 , Hadar Kuzikaro 1, Moshe Sibony 1 and Baruch Rubin 1 1 R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (B.R.) 2 The Agricultural Extension Service, The Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 28, Bet Dagan 50200, Israel; [email protected] 3 Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; [email protected] (Z.G.); [email protected] (A.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family include species that cause heavy damage to crops in Mediterranean climate regions. Phelipanche aegyptiaca is the most common of the Orobanchaceae species in Israel inflicting heavy damage to a wide range of broadleaf crops, including processing tomatoes. P. aegyptiaca is extremely difficult to control due to its minute and Citation: Goldwasser, Y.; Rabinovitz, vast number of seeds and its underground association with host plant roots. The highly efficient O.; Gerstl, Z.; Nasser, A.; Paporisch, attachment of the parasite haustoria into the host phloem and xylem enables the diversion of water, A.; Kuzikaro, H.; Sibony, M.; Rubin, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Indicators – Herbarium
    State Herbarium of South Australia Research Prospectus 2008–09 The State’s key institution for advancing and disseminating knowledge of plants, algae and fungi Table of Contents Overview..............................................................................................................................3 Background .........................................................................................................................3 Reporting .........................................................................................................................3 History..............................................................................................................................3 Vision & Mission ..................................................................................................................5 Research expertise, strengths and opportunities.................................................................6 Background......................................................................................................................6 Current strengths .............................................................................................................7 Taxonomic expertise ........................................................................................................8 Key groups.......................................................................................................................9 Opportunities .....................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Herbicides Against Orobanche in Tomato and Their Residual Effect on Succeeding Crop
    Indian Journal of Weed Science 48(4): 404–409, 2016 DOI: 10.5958/0974-8164.2016.00105.2 Use of herbicides against Orobanche in tomato and their residual effect on succeeding crop S.S. Punia*, Anil Duhan, Dharam Bir Yadav and V.K. Sindhu Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 Received: 24 October 2016; Revised: 1 December 2016 ABSTRACT Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) is the most troublesome root holoparasitic weed cause severe damage to tomatoes grown in Mewat and Bhiwani areas of Haryana. In the present study, efficacy and selectivity of two sulfonylurea herbicides, viz. sulfosulfuron and ethoxysulfuron, neem cake, pendimethalin/metribuzin in conjunction with metalaxyl were tested in controlling on tomatoes grown under field conditions. Sulfosulfuron and ethoxysulfuron applied as post-emergence at 30, 60 and 90 DAT were more selective to tomato and controlled the parasite more effectively. Neem cake or metalaxyl were not found to inhibit growth of Orobanche aegyptiaca. No herbicide residues were observed in tomato fruits and soil at harvest. No residual carry over effect of these herbicides was observed on succeeding sorghum crop planted 2 months after harvest of tomato crop. It was concluded that post-emergence application of ethoxysulfuron at 25 g/ha at 30 DAT followed by at 50 g/ha or sulfosulfuron at 50 g/ha at 30 and 60 DAT, provided 85-90% control of Orobanche in tomato without any adverse effect on crop with yield increase of 46-58% as compared to untreated check. Key words: Egyptian broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca, Sulfosulfuron, Ethoxysulfuron, Tomato Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Orobanche exert their greatest damage prior to Pers.) locally known as “Margoja/Rukhri/Khumbhi/ emergence of flowering shoot.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Yield Loss Imparted by Orobanche Aegyptiaca in Tomato in Pakistan
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2018) 90(4): 3559-3563 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180098 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal Assessment of the yield loss imparted by Orobanche aegyptiaca in tomato in Pakistan TANVEER AHMAD1, BILAL AHMAD2, RANA M. SABIR TARIQ3, SYED M. ZIA-UL-HASSAN2 and ZAHOOR AHMAD4 1Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, DG Khan, 32200, Pakistan 2Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan 3Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan 4Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan Manuscript received on February 7, 2018; accepted for publication on April 12, 2018 ABSTRACT Broomrapes (Orobanche sp.) are root holoparasitic plants causing severe damage to various families of horticultural crops. A Preliminary survey was carried in tomato fields infested with orobanche in Potohar plateau of Pakistan. Results indicated that each planting bed comprising10-12 tomato plants contained 7-8 parasitic weeds. Overall survey indicated the 65-70% plants suffered partial or complete yield loss. Further, it was estimated that the number of weeds inhabiting plant-1 was ranged from 2-4. Yield loss was estimated at 57.17 tons/ha while in terms of financial loss, it was 2579.87 $/ha. Hence total estimated loss on the total surveyed area of 16 hectares was 41395.85 $. The high potential of tomato cultivation in Pakistan reinforces the urgent protection measures to resolve this emerging issue. Key words: Broomrapes, Orobanche, Pakistan, tomato.
    [Show full text]
  • US Department of Agriculture Report to the Invasive Species Advisory Council for the Winter 2015 Meeting October 28-30, 2015
    U.S. Department of Agriculture Report to the Invasive Species Advisory Council for the winter 2015 meeting October 28-30, 2015 By Hilda Díaz-Soltero USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator Date: September 29, 2015 A. USDA Progress on ISAC recommendations from the October 2003 meeting 1. ISAC recommendation: Increase efforts in economic analysis to make the case for investments in invasive species efforts. The Economic Research Service (ERS) is continuing the “Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management” (PREISM) initiated in FY03. PREISM supports economic research and the development of decision support tools that have direct implications for USDA policies and programs for protection from, control/management of, regulation concerning, or trade policy relating to invasive species. Program priorities are selected through extensive consultation with APHIS, OBPA and other agencies with responsibility for program management. For example, ERS developed a pest-ranking decision tool for APHIS to determine which pests would be on its 2004 and 2005 Federal-State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) list, making transparent the basis for selecting the pests for which State cooperators could receive targeted pest surveillance and detections funds. Also, the rapid spread of soybean rust in South America prompted ERS, in April 2004, to publish a study of the economic and policy impacts of its windborne entry into the United States. USDA used the ERS analysis in refining rapid response strategies when APHIS confirmed the presence of soybean rust on November 10, 2004 in Louisiana. ERS extended this work to examine the value to producers of USDA’s coordinated framework to detect and 1 report the presence of Asian soybean rust in different producing areas and released a report in 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Risk Assessment for Phelipanche Aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (Orobanchaceae) – Egyptian Broomrape
    United States Department of Weed Risk Assessment Agriculture for Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Animal and Pomel (Orobanchaceae) – Egyptian Plant Health Inspection broomrape Service December 21, 2018 Version 1 Left: Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitizing carrot (Dr. Reuven Jacobsohn, Agricultural Research Organization, Bugwood.org); Right (top): P. aegyptiaca seeds (source: Julia Scher, Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules, USDA APHIS ITP, Bugwood.org); (bottom): carrot field infested with P. aegyptiaca, left treated with soil solarization, right untreated with crop completely destroyed (source: Jaacov Katan, University of Jerusalem, Bugwood.org). AGENCY CONTACT Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) 1. Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use the PPQ weed risk assessment (WRA) process (PPQ, 2015) to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world.
    [Show full text]