DOCSLIB.ORG

Olympic Legacy Report – June 2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Olympic Legacy Report – June 2013 Chloe Hole Insight & Projects Officer Olympic Legacy Report – June 2013 British Rowing Membership – Growth & New Members Since August 2012 approximately 11,500 people have purchased their first ever British Rowing membership. Of these, around 6,000 are male (52%) and 5,500 are female (48%) – a very even split and a great sign for women’s participation. Our membership rates in the past have been roughly 60% male and 40% female so this is very encouraging progress. Of the 11,500 who have purchased their first ever British Rowing membership since August 2012, around 5,750 (50%) are aged under-18 – a great indication that the Olympics “inspired a generation” of new rowers. If you include students in that figure it rises to 8,500 (75%). British Rowing Membership overall has grown steadily since the Olympics and went above 30,000 members for the first time in October 2012. From June 2012, just before the London 2012 Olympics to Christmas 2012, British Rowing Membership increased from 28,632 to 32,148 - an increase of 3,516 members (12.2%). The graph below shows how membership growth after the Olympics in 2012 was much greater (a steeper and earlier gradient) than in the previous year for the August to November period. 32,000 31,000 30,000 Olympics 29,000 28,000 27,000 2011 26,000 2012 25,000 24,000 23,000 Figure 1 - The Olympic Effect on Overall British Rowing Membership Chloe Hole Insight & Projects Officer Female Participation in Rowing Female British Rowing membership has been growing steadily (see further statistics on previous page). The latest Sport England Active People Survey estimates the number of women rowing at least once a week for more than 30 minutes at around 11,000. The survey only measures those aged 16+. The number of female members has been growing greatly – in just over three years from November 2009 to January 2013, the number of female British Rowing members increased by 3,847 from 9,600 to 13,447. Female British Rowing Membership as a percentage of total membership has been increasing year-on-year, showing that rowing is becoming increasingly accessible and attractive to women. Few sports are as gender- balanced as rowing, especially at junior/university level. In October 2009 women represented only 38% of British Rowing membership – that has now risen to almost 42% and is continuing to rise. Oct April Oct April Oct April Oct April 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 Female Membership as % of Total British Rowing 37.4% 38.4% 38.7% 38.8% 40.0% 40.2% 41.2% 41.6% Membership Figure 2 - Female British Rowing Membership Younger Generation (“Inspire a Generation”) See previous page for statistics on young people joining British Rowing. Approximately 55% of our membership is under 22 years old and 65% are under 28 years old. Chloe Hole Insight & Projects Officer Competition Entries Women’s Head of the River (March 2013) Largest ever entry = 320 crews (2,880 participants, including coxes). About a third were novice crews. The largest ever entry for the Women's Eights Head of the River Race has been significantly aided by the number of people who decided to take up the sport following the London Olympic & Paralympic Games last Summer: novice crews this year represent nearly one third of all the entries (around 90 crews). http://www.wehorr.org/press.htm British Rowing Masters Championships (May 2013) Record entry of 742 crews, up 77 from 2012. http://www.britishrowing.org/news/2013/may/9/record-entry-br-masters-champs Volunteering There were nearly 1,000 applications for volunteer roles at the Rowing World Cup at Eton Dorney (June 2013). A real range of people applied to volunteer – about a third are long-term rowing volunteers, roughly another third volunteered at the Olympics and were keen to do more volunteering – and the final third are very new to volunteering. It is encouraging to see all three groups applying and a real appetite for volunteering in rowing. From these applications, 400 successful volunteers were selected and have received special training for the upcoming event. Row for Gold During Summer 2012 around 60 clubs signed up to “Row for Gold” and over 80 events were run as part of the campaign. Indoor Rowing (NJIRC & UIRS) National Junior Indoor Rowing Championships (NJIRC) 2,538 entries from 11 to 18 year olds. 170 volunteers. http://theboatrace.org/men/news-article/91/boat-race-crews- support-future-talent-at-njirc2013 http://www.londonyouthrowing.com/njirc/ University Indoor Rowing Series (UIRS) 13 events held across the country. More than 1,600 student rowers of all ages, abilities and backgrounds taking part in the two-week series. A record entry! And the series included adaptive rowing for the first time (Paralympic Legacy). http://www.britishrowing.org/news/2012/december/21/record-breaking-uirs-draws-close Chloe Hole Insight & Projects Officer Olympic Postcode Searches During London 2012, 33,000 people were inspired to search for a club on www.britishrowing.org/club-finder There were ten times more searches on British Rowing’s clubfinder database during the first day of the London Games (5,410) than the most popular day of the Beijing Games (405). During the Olympics, nearly 33,000 people searched for a club on the British Rowing website. On the day Team GB won their first rowing gold medal 5,410 people searched for a club, compared to just 163 on an average day before the Olympics. Not only was this Britain’s first female Olympic gold in rowing but also Team GB’s first gold medal of the Games. On 1st August 2012 ‘#rowing’ was the number one trend worldwide on Twitter. Coastal / Gig Rowing More than 350 crews took to the Isles of Scilly for the 24th World Pilot Gig Championships – the biggest event in the competition’s history (May 2013). http://www.britishrowing.org/news/2013/may/10/falmouth-seal-another-famous-double .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hat Races & Space City Sprints a Word From
    PAGE BAY AREA ROWING CLUB OF HOUSTON • APRIL 2007 Hat Races & Space City Sprints By Alex Parkman The TAX RELIEF informal HAT RACES will take place on Saturday, April 14th at 7:30 am. Be prepared to row 1040 meters - no extensions! This is an opportunity for intermediate and novice rowers to test themselves and waters in singles and doubles (and quads, if necessary and available) prior to SPACE CITY SPRINTS. Inside This Issue Depending on the number of rowers who show up, we can hold multiple races, and mix up the boats. The intent of these INFORMAL races is to prepare for racing, improve one's Rowing Development 2 skills, and meet other rowers who might not otherwise be on the water at the same time Update as yourself. As a bonus, additional 'race clinics' will be offered to anyone in attendance. Help Needed 4 Also, BARC will soon be hosting Space Center Sprints on May 5th. In order to have a safe A Big Thank You 4 and successful event, volunteers are needed in a variety of areas. Please contact Claire at [email protected] if you can help in any way. Lake Woodlands 5 To access an information packet on SCS, go to http://www.barchouston.org/■ BARC Boat Names 5 BARC ‘Juniors’ Shrinking 6 Heart of Texas 6 Kilometer Queen Missing? 6 A Word from the Prez Regatta Schedule 7 By Hannes Hofer Head of the River 7 BARC 2006 year-in review Club Officers 8 2006 was a another good year for BARC. We started the year by implementing the BARC Dis- tance Challenge, where rowers are encouraged to record their distance each time they row.
    [Show full text]
  • Molesey Boat Club
    RESOLUTE Molesey Men HOCR 2017 Event 6 - 9:50 AM Men’s Senior Masters 8 (50+) Position Name History Cox Adrian Ellison GB Olympic Gold 4+ in 1984 LA Olympics and multiple world medalist Stroke Magnus Burbanks GB multiple national champion at sculling 7 Ian McNuff GB Olympic/world bronzes 4- 1978-80 6 Martin Cross GB Olympic Gold 4+ 1984 LA Olympics, Olympic Bronze 1980 4- Moscow; multiple world medalist 5 Paul Wright GB national champion and Henley winner 4 John Beattie GB Olympic/world Bronzes 4- 1978-80, 1984 GB Olympian LA 3 Farrell Mossop GB multiple International 2 Paul Reynolds GB multiple International Bow Tony Brook NZ world champion and silver 8+ Event 26 - 3:24 PM Men’s Masters 8 (40+) Position Name History Cox Phelan Hill GB International - Gold Olympic 8+ 2016 Rio Stroke Artour Samsanov US International and 2004 Olympian-Athens 7 Ed Bellamy GB International and Oxford President 6 Tom Solesbury GB International, Olympian 2004 & 2008 5 Bobby Thatcher GB Olympian and world Silver 8+ 4 Dave Gillard GB International and Cambridge 3 Andrew Brennan US International and medalist 2 Tom Anderson Oxford Bow Tom Middleton GB Olympian LM2x Sydney 2000, Silver medalist in LM8+, 2000 Roster Bios for Event 6 - 9:50 AM Men’s Senior Masters 8 (50+) Cox: Adrian Ellison - World champ bronze x2 (M2+ 1981, M8 1989), Olympic gold (M4+ 1984) Adrian Ellison was born on 11 September 1958 and is a retired English rowing cox. He coxed the men's four which brought Steve Redgrave his first Olympic gold in Los Angeles in 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Port of London - River Thames
    Port of London - River Thames NOTICE TO MARINERS U15 of 2015 ANNUAL EVENT CALENDAR ROWING/PADDLING AUTUMN/WINTER 2015/16 This Notice to Mariners is also published as: M53 of 2015 The following events will be held on the river Thames from 13th September 2015 to 1st April 2016 between Teddington Lock and Crossness. This is not an exhaustive list of all events on the tidal Thames, however includes all major events likely to affect navigation. Rowing vessels and coaching launches in the area that are not involved in these races are asked to avoid obstructing races, as safely as possible. All vessels not involved in these events should proceed at a slow speed, with caution, and not stop in the area adjacent to the race course. Subject to operational requirements, a Harbour Service Launch will be in the area whilst the events are taking place. Latest information on the regattas may be obtained from the Harbour Service Launch, call sign “Thames Patrol”, or from London VTS on VHF Channel 14. Closure Race Race Date Event Location Start Start Finish 13th Sept West India Dock to PBDRC Club Races n/a 10:30 11:30 2015 PBDRC Clubhouse 19th Sept Big Ben International Putney to Westminster n/a 17:30 19:00 2015 SUP Race Bridge 20th Sept Tidefest Kew n/a 09:00 18:00 2015 10th Oct Chiswick Bridge to 14:30 15:30 18:00 Pairs HORR 2015 Hammersmith Bridge 7th Nov Chiswick Bridge to 11:45 12:45 15:15 Fours HORR 2015 Putney Bridge 8th Nov Veterans’ Fours Chiswick Bridge to 12:45 13:45 15:45 2015 HORR Putney Bridge 12th Nov Putney Bridge to Wingfield Sculls n/a
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Merton College Boat Club Newsletter | Hilary Term 2018
    Boat Club Newsletter Merton College Boat Club Newsletter | Hilary Term 2018 Men'sSuccess First Boat at placing HoRR 119th GenerousNew Filippi F42 shell MC3 purchased Donation for men Half‐divisionTwo‐day racing Torpids on Saturday Secretary of the Boat Club Men's Vice‐Captain Charlotte Oakes Thomas Murphy Men's Captain of Boats Women's Vice‐Captain Samuel Picard Venla Karppinen Women's Captain of Boats Water Safety Advisor Senior Member Paris Jaggers Lukas Koch Jonathan Prag Captain of Coxswains Alumni Officer Boatman Katherine Davies Tyson Rallens Mark Seal Treasurer Social Secretary Secretary of the Friends Jacob White Paul de Jong & Julia Zlotkowska Henry Braun byWords Henrik Hannemann from the river... Contents ... to those who have ventured further afield, but have not Merton men on the Tideway for HoRR p. 2 forgotten their times in a Merton boat on the Isis. The Boat Club has had a rather successful run over the last few From the Club's archives p. 2 years and everything is well poised for this to continue. In order to be able to share more details from the life and New boats renewed boars, and plans for more p. 3 spirit of the Boat Club, as well as to give more detailed accounts of regattas and head races, the idea for this Torpids ‐ only two days of racing, but five bumps p. 4 newsletter was developed. As you will recall from your own student times, there is an unfortunate disparity between Isis Winter Leagues p. 4 having ideas and getting round to enacting the good ones.
    [Show full text]
  • CYGNET ROWING CLUB April 2019 Newletter
    2019 Fixtures for the one hundred and thirtieth season Contacts www.cygnet-rc.org.uk January 27th Quintin Eights Head (10.00) Chairman 07753 863430 chairman[at]cygnet-rc.org.uk March 2nd Hammersmith Head (13.00) Captain 07711 058717 captain[at]cygnet-rc.org.uk CYGNET ROWING CLUB 30th Head of the River Race (11.30) Hon. Secretary 07530 747816 secretary[at]cygnet-rc.org.uk 31st Vesta Veterans Head (13.30) April 2019 Newletter April 27th Hammersmith Amateur Cygnets Bungalow 38 Hamhaugh Island, Shepperton May 4th Chiswick Amateur The bungalow is ideal for a riverside holiday and is 5th Wallingford ML available for booking by members and friends between May th From the Captain Cristobal Cabrera 11 Borne at Chiswick Bridge and the end of October. Other periods and winter bookings th 18 Putney Town may be available, please enquire. Contact: Dear Cygnets, family and friends. We started 2019 25th Twickenham Derek Bush bungalow[at]cygnet-rc.org.uk 07880 548804 training hard to lose those extra pounds from Christmas June 1st –2nd Metropolitan ML, Peterborough Spring ML and to be fit for the Eight’s Head Season. 15th Barnes & Mortlake Cygnet 300 Club At the end of January we raced in Quintin Head with 22nd Marlow International ML a Novice Development 8+ and a Masters G 8+ CYG/TSS 28th HRR Qualifiers This is our principal fund raiser which keeps our fleet 29th Richmond Amateur maintained and up-to-date. Tickets are just £10 each and composite. Our Novice Development 8+ rowed the course, with a very good solid platform, in a time of 15:14.1.
    [Show full text]
  • British Rowing Report
    British Rowing Report Northern Rowing Council Annual General Meeting December 2016 Northern Rowing Council AGM on 5th December 2016 British Rowing Northern Region Report; Contributors: James Andrews (Former Area Participation Manager), Kerry Wardell (Education & Training Manager), James Searle (Rowability Officer) “Isn’t it funny how day by day nothing changes but when you look back everything is different?” C.S. Lewis The region has continued to show membership patterns similar to previous years. There have been a couple of differences with Lakeland RC joining from the North West and Yarm School BC moving to the Yorkshire Region. When both clubs were both part of the Northern Region, we hit an all-time membership high of 2,578 members. The region is maintaining its 50/50 split of male to female membership. Something that should be congratulated. Not all areas are evenly split, most notably in juniors aged 15-18 and in Gold membership (18+ nonstudents). The Gold membership gap is growing from 100 more male members to 121. Whilst the Junior 15-18 category is comparable to last year with more women than men. The largest growth has been the J15-18 category (+38) with J14’s also showing a small growth (+8). All other categories have shown a small decrease, the largest fall being in registrations from 45 to 30 members. Time will tell over the coming year the impact Rio Olympics will have on participation in the region. Clubs who prepared in good time have shown a much improved uptake in interest post-Olympics. Talkin Tarn ARC is a good example.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty-Fifth Head of the Charles® Regatta
    MEMORIAL DR Cambridge Boat Club HARVARD UNIVERSITY REGATTA HEADQUARTERS MT AUBURN ST Red Line HARVARD SQUARE MASSACHUSETTS AVE Weld Boathouse 8 Harvard University 9 Hospitality Row ELIOT BRIDGE 10 SOUTH ST Buckingham, Browne & Weld Exhibition Nichols Boathouse 2 MILES 4 MT AUBURN ST LOT 1 Eliot Bridge Enclosure Weeks Footbridge Presented by Belmont Hill - Winsor Boathouse GRANT ST Aston Martin 7 DEWOLFE ST 5 SURREY ST 5 Newell Boathouse 6 LOT 2 Harvard University 12 4 3 FLAGG ST FINISH 14 FALS Bar N HARVARD ST LOT 3 ANDERSON BRIDGE ROWING & FITNESS EXPO WEEKS FOOTBRIDGE Reunion Village AKRON ST Red Line 16 PUTNAM AVE by Delta Air Lines MEMORIAL DR GREENOUGH BLVD CENTRAL SQUARE SOLDIERS FIELD RD 1 RD FILED SOLDIERS 18 WESTERN AVE LOT 4 3 A 2 WESTERN AVE. BRIDGE SOLDIERS FIELD RD ST EVERETT WESTERN AVE WESTERN AVE Henderson Boathouse RIVER ST Northeastern University Finish Area Launching Site 1 MILE FALS / HERTER PARK CAMBRIDGE Birmingham Parkway MAGAZINE ST B RIVER ST. BRIDGE PUTNAM AVE PEARL ST C ALLSTON BROOKLINE ST BOSTON MEMORIAL DR Riverside Boat Club CAMBRIDGE ST MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY I-90 MASSACHUSETTS TURNPIKE 2 1 Singles And Doubles Launch Pierce Boathouse SADL MIT Regatta Information Kiosk First Aid Station DeWolfe Boathouse Licensed Merchandise Boston University BOSTON UNIVERSITY YCL Food / Beverages I-90 MASSACHUSETTS TURNPIKE C E E T R H E I Official Programs / Posters S S M A A E L Shuttle Bus Stop P P COMMONWEALTH AVE Medals and Awards START 18 Meeting Markers Green Line BOSTON UNIVERSITY RAILROAD BRIDGE B.U.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 20Th Century
    THE SPORT OF ROWING To the readers of www.Rowperfect.co.uk This is the seventh installment on draft. Your comments, suggestions, correc- www.Rowperfect.co.uk of the latest draft of tions, agreements, disagreements, additional the beginning of my coming new book. sources and illustrations, etc. will be an es- Many thanks again to Rebecca Caroe for sential contribution to what has always been making this possible. intended to be a joint project of the rowing community. Details about me and my book project You can email me anytime at: are available at www.rowingevolution.com. [email protected]. For seven years I have been researching and writing a four volume comprehensive histo- For a short time you can still access the ry of the sport of rowing with particular em- first six installments, which have been up- phasis on the evolution of technique. In dated thanks to feedback from readers like these last months before publication, I am you. Additional chapters for your review inviting all of you visitors to the British will continue to appear at regular intervals Rowperfect website to review the near-final on www.Rowperfect.co.uk. TThhee SSppoorrtt ooff RRoowwiinngg AA CCoommpprreehheennssiivvee HHiissttoorryy bbyy PPeetteerr MMaalllloorryy VVoolluummee II GGeenneessiiss ddrraafffttt mmaannuussccrriiippttt JJaannuuaarryy 22001111 TThhee SSppoorrtt ooff RRoowwiinngg AA CCoommpprreehheennssiivvee HHiissttoorryy bbyy PPeetteerr MMaalllloorryy ddrraafffttt mmaannuussccrriiippttt JJaannuuaarryy 22001111 VVoolluummee II GGeenneessiiss Part V British Rowing in the Olympics 247 THE SPORT OF ROWING 22. The Birth of the Modern Olympics Athens – Paris – St. Louis www.olympic.org Pierre de Coubertin During classical times, every four years www.rudergott.de the various city-states of Greece would set 1896 Olympic Games, Athens aside their differences and call truces in ongoing wars in order to meet in peace at Olympia for a festival of athletic and rowing.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 History S
    Chapter 1 History S. Volianitis and N.H. Secher “When one rows, it’s not the rowing which moves the neither the Olympic nor the Spartathlon games ship: rowing is only a magical ceremony by means of included on-water competitions. The earliest record which one compels a demon to move the ship.” of a rowing race, The Aeneiad, written between 30 Nietzsche and 19 BC by Virgil, describes a competition in the Greek fl eet that was in Troy around 800 BC. Also, there is evidence that more than 100 boats and 1900 oarsmen participated in rowing regattas organized Development of rowing by the Roman Emperors Augustus and Claudius. A reconstruction of an Athenian trieres (three rows of oars; Fig. 1.1), the warship of the classical world, In parallel with the two milestones in the 37 m long and 5.5 m wide with up to 170 oarsmen, development of human transportation on land — named Olympias, was built in Piraeus in 1987 and the domestication of animals and the discovery of was used in the torch relay of the 2004 Olympic the wheel — the construction of water-borne vessels Games in Athens (Fig. 1.2). enabled the transport of large amounts of goods Because modern humans are on average long before the development of extensive road net- approximately 20 cm taller than ancient Greeks, works. The effective use of leverage which facilitates the construction of a craft with the precise dimen- propulsion of even large boats and ships indepen- sions of the ancient vessel led to cramped rowing dent of the direction of the wind established the oar conditions and, consequently, restrictions on the as the most cost-effective means of transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • WAGS NEWS Welcome - to the April Edition of the WAGS NEWS
    WAGS NEWS Welcome - To the April edition of the WAGS NEWS. This newsletter is aimed at anyone with an interest in rowing throughout the WAGS Region. It aims to keep you up to date with activities and events going on within both the region and nationally that affect your local club. Providing you with important and general information, coaching tips, race results etc. It will also bring you the latest information on Coach Education and Training opportunities available within the region. Remember this is your region’s newsletter therefore to make the most of it and promote the activities in your club e-mail them to the editor. ([email protected]) Bath University Boat Club raised hundreds of pounds for charity in the pouring rain and set an official British Universities Small Mixed Group record in the process at Bath’s Christmas Market in December. Ten rowers, 6 men and 4 women, rotated every 15 strokes and completed a gruelling 100km relay row on the ergos in 4 hours 59 minutes and 14 seconds to set the official record. Whilst a further group of 25 rowers completed the same distance at a more leisurely pace and completed it in just over 6 hours. CrewBath were participating in Siemens’ Stroke for Stroke campaign, an initiative designed to increase the awareness of The Stroke Association. Crew Ba th’s e ffor ts have seen us ra ise to da te £730 for this worthwhile cause.* From the 26th -28th March, Jonny Garrow and Rachael Please see the following press release for further information:** Wooldridge along with help from C2 ran a taster indoor Siemens** rowing competition at the Bristol Festival of school http://www.siemens.dmgi.co.uk/strokeforstroke/ sport.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Rowing Annual Review 2019-20 Scottish Rowing 01/10/2020
    Scottish Rowing Annual Review 2019-20 Scottish Rowing 01/10/2020 1 President’s Report Martin Claxton I would like you to cast your mind back in time. Back to a year BC. No not ‘Before Coronavirus’ but 5 BC. In 5 BC the Greeks were the acknowledged masters of oared galleys and their ships dominated the Mediterranean. With a rowing crew of 170 a Greek Trireme was a fast and fearsome warship. But one of the tricks that the Greeks had learned that gave them an edge in speed was what was referred to as a rowing cushion. This is believed to have been a fleece or hide strapped to the rowers’ backside that allowed the rower to slide on the seat thus enabling them to bring the power of their legs to bear for longer during the stroke. Wind the clock forward to the mid- 19th century and competitive crews in the UK, US and Canada re-invented the Greek’s cushion and were using buckskin and butter or soap to achieve the same effect. This principle then evolved into the mechanical slide that we are now so familiar with. So, what is the relevance of this to us today? Well to me it typifies the adaptability that sports people can show when overcoming a challenge such as gaining those decisive seconds of advantage in a race. And yes, rowing like all other sports has faced its challenges this year. Our ancestors knew a thing or two about this; The Roman philosopher Horace, who died in 8 BC said: “Adversity has the effect of eliciting talents which, in prosperous circumstances, would have lain dormant”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Head of the River Race
    THE HEAD OF THE RIVER RACE RULES OF THE RACE 2012 THE RACE IS CONDUCTED UNDER BRITISH ROWING RULES FOR PROCESSIONAL (HEAD) EVENTS. Failure to comply with these Rules renders the crew liable to a penalty up to and including disqualification as deemed appropriate by the Chief Umpire. General 1. All boats must carry a 6-character identification number. 2. All competitors must behave in a decent and responsible manner. Crews must not engage in acts such as the use of foul or abusive language, or urinating in public view. 3. Any crew of club which involved in a verifiable navigational incident on the tideway during the fourteen day period prior to the event may be excluded from starting. Safety Safety is the responsibility of each competitor and club. 4. All crews and boats must conform, in all respects, to the British Rowing Row Safe Code. 5. Should a crew member go overboard the crew must stop, stand by and assist recovery. 6. Boats with a front - loaded coxswain are NOT permitted to race. 7. Captains of clubs are responsible for ensuring that all coxes are sufficiently competent to navigate and control an eight on the tideway. 8. When making an entry, club Captains must ensure that their crews are fully briefed and competent to race in the conditions likely to be experienced on the Tideway. On the day of the event, every individual participant must, with, the help where appropriate of a responsible adult, carry out their own personal risk assessment before boating. That risk assessment must include their fitness, health, equipment and technique to determine whether or not they are able to race in the conditions as they find them.
    [Show full text]