Philippines B+WISER Final Evaluation
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EVALUATION Final Performance Evaluation USAID/Philippines’ Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystems Resilience Project January 2019 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF USAID/PHILIPPINES’ BIODIVERSITY AND WATERSHEDS IMPROVED FOR STRONGER ECONOMY AND ECOSYSTEMS RESILIENCE PROJECT Final Report Prepared under Task Order: REQM-492-19-000036 Submitted to: USAID/Philippines January 23, 2019 Prepared by: Dr. Lope A. Calanog, Team Leader Mr. Luis P. Eleazar, Senior Evaluation Specialist Dr. Diomedes A. Racelis, Biodiversity and Management Specialist Dr. Imelda G. Pagtolun-an, Statistician Ms. Lourdes Margarita A. Caballero, Junior Evaluation Specialist Contractor: Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX) 502, Manila Luxury Condominium 30 Pearl Drive, Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines Tel: (632) 633-9052, 633-3717, 634-7338, 635-2924 Fax: (632) 634-7340 Email: [email protected] Website: www.primexinc.org DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Cover Photo: DENR conducted patrolling in Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve using the CyberTracker app installed in tablets to monitor threats to natural forest and indicator species of good forest health. Photo Credit: DENR CONTENTS Tables.....................................................................................................................................................................................ii Figures ..................................................................................................................................................................................iii Acronyms.............................................................................................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................ viii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 PROGRAM BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 1 EVALUATION PURPOSE AND QUESTIONS ......................................................................... 3 Evaluation Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Evaluation Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 5 METHODS AND LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................ 6 Evaluation Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Evaluation Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 8 Findings .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Annex A: Statement of Work of the Final Performance Evaluation (FPE) of B+WISER …………………… 27 Annex B: Evaluation Design Matrix ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 Annex C: KII and FGD Guide Questions and Direct Observation Checklist …………………………………….... 46 Annex D: List of Documents Reviewed ………………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Annex E: Summary of Key Findings from Data Gathering Methods…………………………………………………... 64 Annex F: Diagrams Showing the Relationship between Observed Threats and Rate of Regeneration ………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 94 Annex G: Diagrams Showing the Relationship between Patrol efforts and Observed Threats …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103 i TABLES Number Title Page 1 Evaluation Questions ........................................................................................................... 5 2 Achievement of Program Outcomes and Outputs ....................................................... 9 ii FIGURES Number Title Page 1 The Seven Regions of DENR Included in B+WISER .................................................... 2 2 Theory of Change (TOC) for B+WISER (Version 2018-01-19) ............................... 4 iii ACRONYMS AWP Annual Work Plan B+WISER Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience BO build-operate BRFWR Bago River Watershed Forest Reserve BMB Biodiversity Management Bureau BNP Bataan National Park CAR Cordillera Autonomous Region CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CDD Conservation and Development Division CDDC Conservation and Development Division Chief CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Officer CF conservation financing COP Chief of Party COR Contracting Officer’s Representative CS case study CSR corporate social responsibility DAO DENR Administrative Order DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DSWD Department of Social Works and Development DO direct observation EDC Energy Development Corporation EQ evaluation question FCA forest conservation area FGD focus group discussion FMU forest management unit FPE Final Performance Evaluation GAA General Appropriations Act GHG greenhouse gas GOP Government of the Philippines ha hectare IEC information, education, and communication IP Implementing Partner KBA key biodiversity area KII key informant interview KIN Kitanglad Integrated NGO KWFR Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve LAWIN Lawin Forest and Biodiversity Protection System LGU local government unit LOP life-of-program LQ learning question M&E monitoring and evaluation MANP Mt. Apo Natural Park MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer MKNRP Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park MOA Memorandum of Agreement MTE midterm evaluation iv NGO nongovernment organization NGP National Greening Program NLNP Naujan Lake National Park NRM natural resource management NSMO Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park P/CENRO Provincial and Community Environment and Natural Resources Office PAMB Protected Area Management Board PAME Protected Area Management Enhancement PASU Protected Area Superintendent PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Officer PES payment for ecosystem services PFG Partnership for Growth PGENRO Provincial Government Environment and Natural Resources Office PNP Philippine National Police PO people’s organization PRIMEX Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. QRW Quinali River Watershed SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SOW statement of work SUC state university and college TOC Theory of Change UMRBPL Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape USAID/P USAID Philippines WMC Watershed Management Committee v ABSTRACT To improve the efficiency of natural resource management (NRM) and reduce related disaster risks in the Philippines, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) partnered in 2012 and implemented the Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystems Resilience (B+WISER) Program from 2013 to 2018, with Chemonics International as the Implementing Partner (IP). B+WISER was expected to achieve the following results: (a) 5,000,000 hectares (ha) of biologically significant areas under improved NRM; (b) 584,000 ha of such areas showing improved biological- physical conditions; (c) 8,778,278 metric tons (mt) of greenhouse gas emissions reduced, sequestered, and avoided; (d) US$41 million worth of investments mobilized for NRM; (e) 166,000 people trained in sustainable NRM and biodiversity conservation; and (f) 4,400 days of technical assistance provided to DENR and other local NRM stakeholders. USAID Philippines commissioned Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX) to perform the Final Performance Evaluation (FPE) to assess B+WISER results and verify the lessons reported. PRIMEX undertook the FPE in three regions and two project sites from July 23 to December 22, 2018 using as guide the following four key evaluation questions: (a) extent of program performance, (b) efficiency in achieving results, (c) validity of lessons reported, and (d) extent of contributions of B+WISER strategies in achieving the results. PRIMEX gathered data via: (a) desk review of B+WISER documents;