DOCSLIB.ORG

Coral Reef and Water Quality Status and Community Understanding of Threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coral Reef and Water Quality Status and Community Understanding of Threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand TECHNICAL REPORT Project Reference Number: ARCP2012-14NMY-Carter Coral reef and water quality status and community understanding of threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand Prepared by: RW (Bill) Carter and Katherine Kelly, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia with Harriot Beazley and Neil Tindale, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia S (Yo) Worachananant and P (Ja) Worachananant, Kasetsart University, Thailand Sokhom Thok, Ministry of Tourism, Cambodia i Carter, R.W., K. Kelly, H. Beazley, N. Tindale, S. Worachananant, P. Worachananant, S. Thok Coral reef and water quality status and community understanding of threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand ii Carter, R.W., K. Kelly, H. Beazley, N. Tindale, S. Worachananant, P. Worachananant, S. Thok Coral reef and water quality status and community understanding of threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand CONTENTS PART ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Biophysical state of the marine environment ..................................................... 1 1.1.2 Social and cultural influences .............................................................................. 3 1.1.3 Coral reefs, sustainable tourism and economic benefit ...................................... 3 1.2 Research need .................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research objectives ............................................................................................ 6 PART TWO: CORAL REEF AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS .............................................................. 2 2.1 Background to coral reefs .................................................................................. 2 2.2 Ecosystem services of coral reefs ....................................................................... 3 2.3 The study area: the east Gulf of Thailand .......................................................... 4 2.3.1 Current research on marine resources ................................................................ 5 2.3.2 Climate and oceanography .................................................................................. 6 2.3.3 Freshwater flows ................................................................................................. 7 2.3.4 Coral reef benthic habitat .................................................................................... 8 2.3.5 Coral reef fish ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3.6 Coral spawning and larval dispersal ................................................................... 12 2.3.7 Seagrass ............................................................................................................. 13 2.3.8 Mangroves ......................................................................................................... 13 2.3.9 Fishing activities ................................................................................................. 13 2.4 Current management measures ...................................................................... 16 2.7.1 Co-management ................................................................................................ 16 2.8 Threats .............................................................................................................. 18 2.8.1 Over-fishing ........................................................................................................ 19 2.8.2 Climate change .................................................................................................. 20 2.8.3 Water quality ..................................................................................................... 20 2.9 Social and economic setting ............................................................................. 21 2.9.1 Demographics .................................................................................................... 21 2.9.2 Fishery dependency in the east Gulf of Thailand............................................... 23 PART THREE: METHODS ........................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Research paradigms for interpreting coral reef status .................................... 25 3.1.1 Four inter-related concepts explaining reef status ............................................ 25 3.1.2 Integrating concepts to explain and predict status ......................................... 28 3.1.3 Applying concepts to this study ......................................................................... 29 3.2 Research methods ............................................................................................ 30 3.2.1 Site selection ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Data collection ................................................................................................... 31 3.2.3 Data analysis .................................................................................................. 33 PART FOUR: SUMMARY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................... 35 4.1 Coral reefs in the east Gulf of Thailand ............................................................ 35 4.1.1 Inshore reefs ...................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Offshore reefs .................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Key findings ........................................................................................................ 36 4.1.4 Potential responses ........................................................................................... 37 4.2 Coral reef fish in the east Gulf of Thailand ....................................................... 37 4.2.1 Variation between predators and grazer fish guilds .......................................... 37 4.2.2 Variation in species ............................................................................................ 38 4.2.3 Key findings ........................................................................................................ 39 4.2.4 Potential responses ........................................................................................... 40 4.3 Community perceptions of fishery status ........................................................ 40 4.3.1 Thailand communities........................................................................................ 40 4.3.2 Cambodian community ...................................................................................... 42 4.3.3 Key findings ........................................................................................................ 44 iii Carter, R.W., K. Kelly, H. Beazley, N. Tindale, S. Worachananant, P. Worachananant, S. Thok Coral reef and water quality status and community understanding of threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand 4.3.4 Potential responses ........................................................................................... 44 PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 46 5.1 The status of coral reef communities in the east Gulf of Thailand .................. 46 5.2 The status of marine waters in the east Gulf of Thailand ................................ 46 5.3 Community perception of coral reef and fishery status .................................. 46 5.5 Strategic action ................................................................................................. 47 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 48 APPENDIX 1 SITE DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................ 57 APPENDIX 2 BENTHOS COVER AND WATER QUALITY OF SAMPLED SITES ........................................ 63 iv Part one: Introduction Coral reef and water quality status and community understanding of threats in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand Project Reference Number: ARCP2012-14NMY-Carter Part One: Introduction 1.1 Background Coral reefs are biologically diverse ecosystems that provide goods and services to millions of people around the world (Moberg & Folke 1999). Human induced habitat degradation of coastal ecosystems presents a direct threat to the food and economic security of coastal communities (Macusi et al. 2011; UNEP 2004). The loss of biodiversity and food security is considered the two most significant threats to human well-being in the 21st century (Foale et al. 2013). Overharvesting of marine resources, marine habitat modification and ecological phase-shifts threaten the integrity and resilience of the marine environment (UNEP 2004). For the people of the Gulf of Thailand, for whom marine resources are integral to their livelihood and culture (Carter 2012; Carter et al. 2013b; UNEP 2004), continuing degradation of their resources could be catastrophic. 1.1.1 Biophysical state of the marine environment The east Gulf of Thailand coastal waters comprise extensive coral reefs, beaches, seagrass meadows and mangrove communities that support coastal fisheries,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indochina, the Vietnam War, and the Mayaguez Incident
    Defining a War: Indochina, the Vietnam War, and the Mayaguez Incident Lieutenant Colonel Michael Hunter Marine Corps History, Volume 6, Number 2, Winter 2020, pp. 72-90 (Article) Published by Marine Corps University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/796393/summary [ Access provided at 30 Sep 2021 11:21 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Defining a War: INDOCHINA, THE VIETNAM WAR, AND THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT by Lieutenant Colonel Michael Hunter, USA Abstract: Only two weeks after the fall of Saigon in May 1975, Khmer Rouge forces seized the American mer- chant ship SS Mayaguez (1944) off the Cambodian coast, setting up a Marine rescue and recovery battle on the island of Koh Tang. This battle on 12–15 May 1975 was the final U.S. military episode amid the wider Second Indochina War. The term Vietnam War has impeded a proper understanding of the wider war in the American consciousness, leading many to disassociate the Mayaguez incident from the Vietnam War, though they belong within the same historical frame. This article seeks to provide a heretofore unseen historical argument con- necting the Mayaguez incident to the wider war and to demonstrate that Mayaguez and Koh Tang veterans are Vietnam veterans, relying on primary sources from the Ford administration, the papers of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, and interviews with veterans. Keywords: Vietnam, Cambodia, veterans, memory, Mayaguez, the Wall, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Koh Tang, Koh Tang Mayaguez Veterans Organization, Gerald R.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin Initiative Annual Report
    Darwin Initiative Annual Report Important note: To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders: it is expected that this report will be about 10 pages in length, excluding annexes Submission Deadline: 30 April Darwin Project Information Project Reference 19-005 Project Title Underpinning the design and management of Cambodia's first Marine Protected Area (MPA) Host Country/ies Cambodia Contract Holder Institution Fauna & Flora International (FFI) Partner institutions Fisheries Administration (FiA), Royal Government of Cambodia; Coral Cay Conservation (CCC) Darwin Grant Value £293,526 Start/end dates of project 1st April 2012 – 31st March 2015 Reporting period (eg Apr Apr 2013 – Mar 2014, Annual Report 2 2013 – Mar 2014) and number (eg Annual Report 1, 2, 3) Project Leader name Ms Sophie Benbow Project website http://www.fauna-flora.org/closerlook/designing-cambodias- first-large-marine-protected-area/ (there is no project specific website) Report author(s) and date Mr Berry Mulligan, FFI Project Manager, based on FiA monthly reports by Kim Sokha, input from Ms Kate Longhurst (CCC) and minor input from Ouk Vibol (FiA). 08.05.2014 1. Project Rationale Cambodia's waters support a rich and abundant marine life including coral reefs, seagrass meadows, extensive mangrove forests and threatened species. Years of political turmoil and economic instability have resulted in a lack of financial and human resources within research and government institutions to implement effective conservation measures. In the face of major threats including overfishing and poorly planned coastal development, the need to protect Cambodia’s waters and the local communities who rely on them has never been so high.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mayaguez Rescue O
    On Cambodia’s Koh Tang in 1975, US forces fought the last battle of the Southeast Asia War. USAF photo The Mayaguez Rescue By George M. Watson Jr. n May 12, 1975, a Cam- the Air Force helicopter crews were Two Khmer Rouge gunboats are seen bodian gunboat carrying compelled to carry out a mission for during seizure of the US container ship communist Khmer Rouge which they had no formal training. Mayaguez. O soldiers boarded and The ship and its crew were recov- seized Mayaguez, a US container ship ered, but the cost—in lost service lives They were haunted by North Korea’s sailing from Hong Kong to Thailand and damaged equipment—was high. 1968 seizure of USS Pueblo and its and passing along the coast of Cam- A Mayday distress signal from the Navy crew members, who were held bodia. Coming less than two weeks Mayaguez radio operator guided a Navy for 11 months. after the fall of Saigon and the end P-3 patrol aircraft to the vessel the morn- The US had no formal relations of the Vietnam War, Washington had ing after it was seized. The ship was with the new communist dictatorship no choice but to respond, and it did. riding at anchor about 34 miles from the in Phnom Penh, but it retained formi- The answer was a rescue mission. Cambodian harbor town of Kompong dable military forces in Thailand and The effort, afflicted by rushed planning Som, near a spit of land called Tang the Philippines. For one thing, the and poor intelligence, was chaotic.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Habitats and Selected
    A Rapid Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Habitats and Selected Species to Climate Risks in Chanthaburi and Trat (Thailand), Koh Kong and Kampot (Cambodia), and Kien Giang, Ben Tre, Soc Trang and Can Gio (Vietnam) Mark R. Bezuijen, Charlotte Morgan and Robert J. Mather BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS-COASTAL SOUTHEAST ASIA Commission logo Our vision is a just world that values and conserves nature. Our mission is to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. The designation of geographical entities Copyright: © 2011 IUCN, International in Chanthaburi and Trat (Thailand), Koh in this book, and the presentation of the Union for Conservation of Nature and Kong and Kampot (Cambodia), and Kien material, do not imply the expression of Natural Resources Giang, Ben Tre, Soc Trang and Can Gio any opinion whatsoever on the part of (Vietnam). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. IUCN or the European Union concerning Reproduction of this publication for the legal status of any country, territory, or educational or other non-commercial pur- ISBN: 978-2-8317-1437-0 area, or of its authorities, or concerning poses is authorized without prior written the delimitation of its frontiers or boundar- permission from the copyright holder pro- Cover photo: IUCN Cambodia ies. vided the source is fully acknowledged. Layout by: Ratirose Supaporn The views expressed in this publication do Reproduction of this publication for resale not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or or other commercial purposes is prohib- Produced by: IUCN Asia Regional Office the European Union ited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodian Journal of Natural History
    Cambodian Journal of Natural History Artisanal Fisheries Tiger Beetles & Herpetofauna Coral Reefs & Seagrass Meadows June 2019 Vol. 2019 No. 1 Cambodian Journal of Natural History Editors Email: [email protected], [email protected] • Dr Neil M. Furey, Chief Editor, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. • Dr Jenny C. Daltry, Senior Conservation Biologist, Fauna & Flora International, UK. • Dr Nicholas J. Souter, Mekong Case Study Manager, Conservation International, Cambodia. • Dr Ith Saveng, Project Manager, University Capacity Building Project, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. International Editorial Board • Dr Alison Behie, Australia National University, • Dr Keo Omaliss, Forestry Administration, Cambodia. Australia. • Ms Meas Seanghun, Royal University of Phnom Penh, • Dr Stephen J. Browne, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. UK. • Dr Ou Chouly, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State • Dr Chet Chealy, Royal University of Phnom Penh, University, USA. Cambodia. • Dr Nophea Sasaki, Asian Institute of Technology, • Mr Chhin Sophea, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. Thailand. • Dr Martin Fisher, Editor of Oryx – The International • Dr Sok Serey, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Journal of Conservation, UK. Cambodia. • Dr Thomas N.E. Gray, Wildlife Alliance, Cambodia. • Dr Bryan L. Stuart, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, USA. • Mr Khou Eang Hourt, National Authority for Preah Vihear, Cambodia. • Dr Sor Ratha, Ghent University, Belgium. Cover image: Chinese water dragon Physignathus cocincinus (© Jeremy Holden). The occurrence of this species and other herpetofauna in Phnom Kulen National Park is described in this issue by Geissler et al. (pages 40–63). News 1 News Save Cambodia’s Wildlife launches new project to New Master of Science in protect forest and biodiversity Sustainable Agriculture in Cambodia Agriculture forms the backbone of the Cambodian Between January 2019 and December 2022, Save Cambo- economy and is a priority sector in government policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Scleractinian Reef Corals: Identification Notes
    SCLERACTINIAN REEF CORALS: IDENTIFICATION NOTES By JACKIE WOLSTENHOLME James Cook University AUGUST 2004 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24656.51205 http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24656.51205 Scleractinian Reef Corals: Identification Notes by Jackie Wolstenholme is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ i INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 2 FAMILY ACROPORIDAE.................................................................................................................................... 3 Montipora ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Massive/thick plates/encrusting & tuberculae/papillae ................................................................................... 3 Montipora monasteriata .............................................................................................................................. 3 Massive/thick plates/encrusting & papillae ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia Natural Resources Evaluation
    KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Nation Religion...King ******** Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Department of Fisheries CAMBODIA NATURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION For World Bank Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project (APIP) By So Nam, Tim Savuth and Nao Thuok December 2000 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Geography and Resource Base .........................................................................................1 1.2 Climates ............................................................................................................................3 1.2.1 Rainfall......................................................................................................................3 1.2.2 Winds ........................................................................................................................4 1.2.3 Temperature ..............................................................................................................4 1.2.4 Climatic Influences on Agricultural/Fisheries Activities .........................................5 1.3 Population characteristics.................................................................................................5 1.4 Macro-economic setting....................................................................................................6 2. WATER RESOURCES............................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Reproduction of the Solitary Sunset Cup Coral Leptopsammia Pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean
    Marine Biology (2005) 147: 485–495 DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-1567-z RESEARCH ARTICLE S. Goffredo Æ J. Radetic´Æ V. Airi Æ F. Zaccanti Sexual reproduction of the solitary sunset cup coral Leptopsammia pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean. 1. Morphological aspects of gametogenesis and ontogenesis Received: 16 July 2004 / Accepted: 18 December 2004 / Published online: 3 March 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Information on the reproduction in scleractin- came indented, assuming a sickle or dome shape. We can ian solitary corals and in those living in temperate zones hypothesize that the nucleus’ migration and change of is notably scant. Leptopsammia pruvoti is a solitary coral shape may have to do with facilitating fertilization and living in the Mediterranean Sea and along Atlantic determining the future embryonic axis. During oogene- coasts from Portugal to southern England. This coral sis, oocyte diameter increased from a minimum of 20 lm lives in shaded habitats, from the surface to 70 m in during the immature stage to a maximum of 680 lm depth, reaching population densities of >17,000 indi- when mature. Embryogenesis took place in the coelen- viduals mÀ2. In this paper, we discuss the morphological teron. We did not see any evidence that even hinted at aspects of sexual reproduction in this species. In a sep- the formation of a blastocoel; embryonic development arate paper, we report the quantitative data on the an- proceeded via stereoblastulae with superficial cleavage. nual reproductive cycle and make an interspecific Gastrulation took place by delamination. Early and late comparison of reproductive traits among Dend- embryos had diameters of 204–724 lm and 290–736 lm, rophylliidae aimed at defining different reproductive respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Title SEA TURTLE DISTRIBUTION and NESTING GROUND IN
    SEA TURTLE DISTRIBUTION AND NESTING GROUND Title IN CAMBODIA Author(s) Longdy, Va Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on SEASTAR2000 (2002): Citation 121-123 Issue Date 2002 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/44171 Right Type Conference Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University 121 SEA TURTLE DISTRIBUTION AND NESTING GROUND IN CAMBODIA Va Longdy Volunteer Staff of the Department of Fishery #186, Norodom Blvd., P 0. Box 582, Phnom Penh, CAMBODIA Email: [email protected]. kh ABSTRACT Two species of sea turtle, hawksbill and green turtle, are common in Cambodia. These two species can be seen and caught accidentally by fishermen who use stingray hooks and line. In Kep municipality 100 - 120 turtles are caught per year. Green turtles can be seen in Kampot province, in the eastern part of Koh Karang of Kep municipality and Koh Krass of Koh Kong province; hawksbill turtle occurs in Kampot province, west of Koh Angkrang, south of Koh Karang in Kep municipality, and in Koh Kong province. Moreover, both hawksbill and green turtles ca n be found in Sihanoukville. Sea turtles come to the beach to lay their eggs from September to April. Hawksbill turtles are seen to migrate to the beach of Koh Ses in the middle of September to lay its eggs. Recently, some nesting beaches of turtles have been identified by gathering information from interviewing the coastal fishermen. INTRODUCTION on the cooperative research and conservation in the Recent studies have indicated that Cambodia have future, (iv} to increase the knowledge on biology, five species of sea turtles, namely loggerhead turtle taxonomy, survey techniques and conservation of sea Caretta caretta, olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea, turtles and (v} to collect and update all information green turtle Chelonia mydas, hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys related to sea turtle populations, distribution, conservation imbricata and leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea.
    [Show full text]
  • An Economic Analysis of Alternative Mangrove Management Strategies in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia
    ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA An Economic Analysis of Alternative Mangrove Management Strategies in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia Camille Bann EEPSEA RESEARCH REPORT SERIES EEPSEA is supported by a consortium of donors and administered by IDRC. Mailing address: Tanglin PO Box 101, Singapore 912404. ARCHIV Visiting address: 7th Storey RELC Building, 30 Orange Grove Road. Tel: 65 235 1344 Fax: 65 235 1849 107388 Internet: [email protected] and [email protected] Website: http://www.idrc.org.sg/eepsea Comments should be sent to the author, Camille Bann at Flat 5, 28 Charleville Road, London W14 9JH, United Kingdom, Tel/Fax: 44 171 381 3193 The Economy and Environment Program for South East Asia (EEPSEA) was established in May 1993 to support research and training in environmental and resource economics. Its objective is to enhance local capacity to undertake the economic analysis of environmental problems and policies. It uses a networking approach, involving courses, meetings, technical support, access to literature and opportunities for comparative research. Member countries are Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, China, PNG and Sri Lanka. EEPSEA's funding ' is provided by a. consortium of donors. As of December 1996, this Sponsors Group consisted of IDRC (Canada), Sida (Sweden), Danida (Denmark), CIDA (Canada), ODA (UK), the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Norway and the Netherlands and the MacArthur Foundation (USA). EEPSEA Research Reports are the outputs of research projects supported by EEPSEA. They have been peer reviewed and edited. In some cases, longer versions are available from the authors. EEPSEA also issues a Special Papers Series, consisting of commissioned papers emphasizing research methodology.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Seagrass Meadow and Green Turtle in Cambodia Author(S
    Title Seagrass meadow and green turtle in Cambodia Author(s) Sereywath, Pich; Sokhannaro, Hep Proceedings on the 4th SEASTAR2000 Workshop (2003): 36- Citation 39 Issue Date 2003 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/44128 Right Type Conference Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University 36 Seagrass meadow and green turtle in Cambodia P ICH S EREYWATH and HEP SOKHANNARO Department of Fisheries,# 186 Norodom Blvd, P.O.Box 582, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Tel: (855) 12 303 255!11 957 884, Fax: (855) 23 219 256 Email: [email protected] (Bibliographic citation: Sereywath, P. & H. Sokhannaro. 2003. Segrass Meadow and Green turtle in Cambodia ABSTRACT Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) have been reported as an abundant species among five species of sea turtles in Cambodia's sea. Green turtle have been known as plant eaters. Mainly a few species of seagrass In Cambodia, four large seagrass meadows have been selected as demonstration sites in two provinces and one municipality. KKSG1 and KKSG2 were selected in Koh Kong province, KAMPSG1 in Kampot Province, and KEPSG1 in Kep Municipality. So far, there is no confident information that have been mentioned about seagrass species and specific seagrass species which are the most favored species for green turtle even some survey had been conducted. Becase the process of the survey did not continue, feeding ground zoning for sea turtles have not been set up yet. To address this issue, survey on seagrass species conducted in 2002 in KAMPSG1 and KEPSG1 by using three methods are 1. to interview with local people who are living around seagrass area, 2.
    [Show full text]