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Responding to Requests for Information on Health Systems From from Policy Makers in Asian Countries in Makers Policy from Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research Responding to Requests for Information on Health Systems Responding to Requests for Information on Health Systems from Policy Makers in Asian Countries Judith Healy1, John Maxwell1, Phua Kai Hong2, Vivian Lin3 and collaborators 1. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 2. National University of Singapore 3. La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia December 2007 II Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................1 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................6 1.1 Study rationale .................................................................................................................................6 1.2 Study design......................................................................................................................................6 2 Health policy challenges in rapidly changing societies ...............................................................................8 2.1 Population health needs in the Asian region ................................................................................8 2.2 Rapidly changing health sectors.....................................................................................................9 2.3 Knowledge management for health policy................................................................................. 10 3 Views on an Asian region information mechanism................................................................................... 15 3.1 Views of policy makers ................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Functions of an information mechanism..................................................................................... 15 3.3 Governance and structure ............................................................................................................ 19 3.4 Views of researchers and regional research capacity ............................................................... 21 4 Health systems information mechanisms: international overview.......................................................... 27 4.1 On-call evidence for policy-makers ............................................................................................. 28 4.2 Information centres and knowledge networks .......................................................................... 33 4.3 Centres for systematic reviews.................................................................................................... 36 5 Information mechanisms: options for Asia ............................................................................................... 39 5.1 Functions of information mechanisms ........................................................................................ 39 5.2 Producing and packaging information........................................................................................ 42 5.3 Governance .................................................................................................................................... 45 5.4 Regional information mechanism options.................................................................................. 48 6 From ideas to action..................................................................................................................................... 52 6.1 Challenges in the Asian region .................................................................................................... 52 6.2 Requirements for an Asian information mechanism.................................................................. 54 6.3 Next steps: planning and implementation .................................................................................. 58 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................... 60 Annexes 1.Members of Alliance Steering Group and Terms of Reference................................................................ 62 2.Researchers and collaborators .................................................................................................................... 63 3.Work Plan....................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.Guide for interviews with Ministries of Health ......................................................................................... 67 5.Guide for interviews with Research Institutes .......................................................................................... 69 6.Statistical profiles of the nine countries .................................................................................................... 74 7.Additional information and resource bodies ............................................................................................. 76 8.Profiles of research and policy institutes: China, Philippines, Singapore............................................... 97 III List of Acronyms APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation APHEN Asia Pacific Health Economics Network ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations CHEEP Costing for Health and Economic Evaluation Programme EPOC Effective Practice and Organization Care Group HEN Health Evidence Network HiTS Health Systems in Transition IHC International Healthcare Comparisons LSE London School of Economics LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine NHS National Health Service NGO Non-government Organization NSW New South Wales OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development RRRM Regional Rapid Response Mechanism SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SEARO South East Asia Regional Office (WHO) UN United Nations WHO World Health Organization WPRO Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO) IV List of Tables Table 2.1 Types of research and links to policy...................................................................................... 12 Table 3.1 Health systems topics identified by policy makers ............................................................... 16 Table 3.2 Preliminary list of research centres ....................................................................................... 22 Table 4.1 Summary of selected information mechanisms..................................................................... 27 Table 5.1 Purposes, programs and activities of a health systems information body......................... 40 Table 5.2 Information products and formats.......................................................................................... 42 List of Figures Figure 5.1 Producing research evidence for policy makers.................................................................... 39 Figure 5.2 Information production process.............................................................................................. 44 Figure 5.3 Single client model ................................................................................................................... 48 Figure 5.4 Several clients and multiple producers .................................................................................. 50 Figure 5.5 Secretariat, several partners and centres, multiple clients, network of information producers.......................................................................................... 51 V VI Executive Summary Background and methods Policy makers in the Asian region, compared to those in Europe and OECD countries, generally have less access to relevant evidence-based information on the workings of their health systems. This study aimed to assess the level of interest in the establishment of an Asian regional mechanism, whether a centre or network, with the capacity to respond to questions from policy makers. The study was commissioned by the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, based in the World Health Organization, Geneva. The purpose of a regional mechanism with the capacity to offer information on health systems would be to promote the take-up of research evidence by policy makers in participating Asian countries, and thus help strengthen their health systems and thereby improve the health of their populations. Health systems are never static but must respond to internal pressures and to changes in their environments. Health sectors have embarked upon major changes in the diverse Asian region intended to achieve sustainable funding and to improve the delivery of health care. These health systems must also respond to crises, such as infectious disease pandemics and environmental disasters, which do not confine themselves to national borders. Policy makers in Asia, therefore, are looking for information to assist them in making strategic decisions for their health systems. The terms of reference for a study on the feasibility of a regional rapid response mechanism (RRRM) identified nine countries for inclusion. Collaborators from seven countries agreed to participate: China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam. Collaborators in each country interviewed informants from health departments and research institutes (around 90 informants were
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