Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan
CATARMAN Camiguin Province
Repu blic of the Phili ppines Province of Camiguin MUNICIPALITY OF CATARMAN
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR
MESSAGE
The Municipality of Catarman has gone a long way since the day of its founding. From a municipality
covered with ashes and filled with ruins to what we have now as one of the tourist destinations not only in the Philippines but worldwide.
Despite tourism’s economic advantages, it is also coupled with challenges that we have to overcome for us to achieve progress. Coupled with the increase in each of the municipality’s population, one of the primary concerns of the Municipal Government is on Solid Waste Management. Thus, this Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management Plan will be our guide to serve the bigger objective for the good of Catarman as a whole.
The Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management Plan presents a strategy for integrating proper management of our wastes and make it as our way of life. This is a challenge for all of us to work, and put our acts together so that our Municipality will contribute and succeed in preserving our our municipality and the island province as well as attaining in reducing the risks that we do to our nature for the future generations to come.
NESTOR A. JACOT Mayor
Executive Summary
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
• Vision:
“Catarman - a self-sufficient, independent, hospitable and God-loving people living in a green and ecologically balanced environment with vibrant agri-eco-tourism based economy guided by goal oriented leaders.”
The vision of the municipality asserts that its constituent will live in a green and ecologically balanced environment. This solid waste management plan is a manifestation of that vision. In order to achieve her vision, an ecologically balanced environment, the cleanliness of its surrounding should be improved and maintained for the next generation to enjoy.
This plan will addressed key issues on solid waste management that beset the municipality and her people. Interventions by the local government, by the provincial, municipal and the barangay, shall be in harmony to achieve the desired goal.
The following are the key issues facing the community that will be discussed in detailed in this plan:
◦ Un-mobilized community on solid waste management ◦ un-segregated solid wastes from households and establishments ◦ no solid waste management focal person in the LGU ◦ no infrastructure plan on solid waste management ◦ inactive solid waste management board and task force ◦ lack of IEC activities on solid waste reduction ◦ dumping and burning anywhere in the municipality
• Goal
◦ Improved and sustained cleanliness of the environment
This simple goal is easier said than done. But this goal must be achieved to attain the vision of the municipality of an ecologically balanced environment. The general belief of the community is that the environment of the town is clean. But the belief is blinded by the fact that the garbage accumulation in the surrounding is increasing. Several factors contribute to this problem and will be discussed in this plan. It is the belief of the Municipal Technical Working Group and the local officials that this plan will help alleviate the garbage problem of the community through interventions, legal, institutional, physical infrastructure and community-based activities and approaches for the next ten (10) years to come.
• Intent of RA 9003 and its effect on solid waste management
Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise known as the “ Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall:
a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment; b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery; c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles; d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding incineration; e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery; f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management; g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among the national government, other local government units, non-government organizations, and the private sector; h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market-based instruments; i) Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste management programs; and j) Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry.
While these policies incorporate the intent of the law, the local government adopts measures and interventions through some of the policies as guiding points in the making of this plan. These guiding points includes as taken from these policies are: • Ensure the protection of public health and environment; • Institutionalize public participation • Encourage greater private sector participation • Source reduction • proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste • integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education
1.2 Approach
Approach used in preparing plan
• the Municipal Technical Working Group composed of LGU department heads and other personnel, conducted series of meetings in coming up the plan.
• Barangay consultations were done thru general assemblies conducted by the barangays.
• Necessary data provided by the barangays and the department heads
• WACS was conducted and WACS of the Province was taken as reference
• The Municipal Planning and Development Office staff consolidates the reports of each department head and come up with draft plan.
• The plan was discussed in the Municipal Development Council and some corrections, amendment were made.
• Final Plan was submitted to the Sangguniang Bayan for adaption and approval.
Data sources:
• Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan – data on provincial WACS, Provincial Land Fill Area data • Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2000 - data on physical profile of the municipality, environmental profile and plan • Municipal Solid Waste Management Ordinance No. ___ , series of 2004 – data on the SWM board, structural organization and roles of stakeholders, and SWM system • CBMS 2006 – data on households, solid waste management practices • National Statistic Census Board - demography of the town • Data of various department in the local government unit of Catarman
1.3 Acknowledgement
The Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDC) of this municipality would like to express its appreciation and gratitude to all who in one way or the other gives generous support in the preparation of this Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management Plan.
Sincerest thanks to the present administration under the leadership of the Honorable Nestor A. Jacot and the Sangguniang Bayan of Catarman, for their all out support and assistance in the various stages of the plan preparation until its finalization.
Our earnest appreciation and thanks to all the members of the Solid Waste Management Team in the preparation and finalization of this plan
2 Municipal Profile
2.1 Location
CAMIGUIN is a pear-shaped island province located at the Northern tip of Mindanao and is blessed with great vistas, exotic waterfalls, hot and cold springs, majestic mountains and volcanoes, coral reefs and beaches. It is also popularly known for its sweet Lanzones, seafood’s and unhurried lifestyle as well as friendly and God-fearing people, thus tourists refer to this beautiful island province as the “Island of your Imagination”.
Catarman is located in the northwestern part of the island province, which is located in the northern most tip of the island Mindanao. Its central location can be geographically viewed in 9° 10’00” North latitude and 124° 40’00” East longitude.
Catarman faces the western side of northern Mindanao, directly points to the vast sea between the Island of Siquijor and the Province of Misamis Occidental. Its coastal line belongs to the Macajalar Bay.
The town is not accessible directly from the regional capital, Cagayan de Oro City. All have to pass the entry ports of Camiguin.
The town is accessible through any transportation directly from Benoni Port, Guinsiliban Port and Mambajao port and airport. From Benoni or Guinsiliban ports, one has to travel southward bound to reach Catarman at a distance of 24 kilometers and 19 kilometers respectively by any means of land transportation. From Mambajao, one has to travel westward bound to reach Catarman passing some distance of all-weather roads along the slopes of Mount Vulkan Daan. The distance along this route is 24 kilometers to Poblacion terminal.
The town boundaries are Sagay in the southeast, Mambajao in the northeast, and the Mindanao Sea in the westernmost part. The coastline is generally irregular that measures approximately 16.35 kilometers (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Location of Catarman
2.2 History
CATARMAN, as called by the Visayans, means a point or cape. It is the oldest town in Camiguin. It was founded in 1622 under the patronage of San Roque. Fray Francisco de la Concepcion, Recollect, was the first Priest when it was founded. It had 357 tributes and a population of 1,625 with Sagay and Mambajao as station or visitas.
ACCORDING to chronicles, the first parish that was established in this island was that of Guinsiliban (1596 or 1599), with station or visitas in Catarman and Sagay.
According to Vicente Elio, Magellan came to discover Camiguin where he set foot in April 1521 and according to local folks, Magellan set foot to get water at site where Catarman was established. For more than two centuries only the parishes 1of Guinsiliban and Catarman existed.
FROM THE 18th CENTURY to the early 19th century, Camiguin as a part of Misamis Oriental, was governed from Cebu by 1818. Misamis Oriental gained its provincial status with Camiguin Island as one of the division of the Misamis Oriental territory called PARTIDO de CATARMAN composed of Catarman and the villages of Guinsiliban, Mambajao and Sagay.
On 1848, the parish of Guinsiliban was abolished and transferred to Sagay together with Mahinog. They became visitas of Sagay and Sagay was separated from Catarman and Mambajao remained as visitas or station.
0N JANUARY 4, 1855, a special decree separated Mambajao from Catarman and on July 6 of the same year, it was made a municipality with Rev. Father Valero de Sebastian as the first parish priest and Tupsan its visita and Agojo became the only visita of Catarman.
THE TOWN OF PARTIDO de CATARMAN was frequently subjected to natural calamities. Lava, hot rocks and volcanic ashes due to the eruption of Mt. Vulcan on October 10, 1870 destroyed Catarman. Until 1871, the town was located in its original site. But due to volcanic activity, it had been transferred to Guiob, then a barrio; this is its present location. It is the biggest town in the island in terms of land area, very fertile, hilly. The climate is healthful. The first view the town offers is beautiful scene. It is not yet too developed; it has many forests with excellent timber for construction.
ON MAY 1, 1871, Catarman was established in present location headed by Pio Gomez, Hilariun Abad, Patricio Basa, Pedro Anonuevo, Marcelo Bacol and Marcelo Cadion. In 1872, Mambajao claimed Agojo from Catarman and Agojo separated from Catarman.
IN 1899, an Amercian gunboat bombarded Camiguin. After a brief skirmish with the Los Libertados under the command of Ricardo Reyes, the inhabitants readily submitted to American rule. Sporadic clashes however continued against the remaining elements of the revolutionary force that was led by name of a certain Balero. In 1899, the Americans appointed Mr. Macario Gimeno First President of Catarman and later on replaced by Mr. Rosendo Bailo, then succeeded by Mr. Leopoldo Ilago as President.
IN 1901, Balero and his followers were completely annihilated in the Battle of Manduaw that ended the resistance in the island.
IN 1903, Mr. Mateo Roasol was the President of Catarman. Between 1903 and 1906, Catarmanons became rebellious. They did not want interference from people outside from Catarman who interfered in their governing system and they preferred to fight with bolos and spear, but not without a single drop of blood.
1 Research done by Mr. Godofredo S. Apugan and Mr. Joseph B. Gaa
IN 1906, Catarman was abolished as a municipality and integrated as a barrio of Mambajao and Pablo Rodrigo and Gregorio Basmayor were the Councilors.
IN OTHER VERSION of 1903, the towns of Catarman, Mahinog and Sagay were all combined with Mambajao to form into a single municipality out of the entire island. Guinsiliban was formed part of Sagay from 1848 to 1950.
ON JULY 30, 1910, the construction of the municipal building begun and finished in January 26, 1911 and the amount collected to finance the project was P1, 344.20 and the total cost of the building was P1,218.82. The project was completed.
IN 1912, Pablo Rodrigo was elected President of Municipality of Catarman. through plebiscite, up to 1915. In 1912, Catarman was re-created or re-established as municipality separate from Mambajao.
During the Second World War, the municipality was not spared of the threat of war. Although there was no war encounters within the municipality, a guerilla outfit was present. There was no bombing made during the invasion of the municipality. The people were prepared of the event and most went to the nearby hills and mountains to hide.
The eruption of Mt. Hibok-hibok on September 8, 1948 and December 3-4, 1951 precipitated a dramatic exodus of Catarmanons for safety to other places. Most of them went to mainland Mindanao and settled. To them, Mindanao was the island of promise. True to their beliefs, most of them had improved and settled permanently.
CATARMAN has 14 barrios namely:
1) BONBON established as the first settlement in 1622 and established in 1875 as a separate barrio after the eruption in 1871 2) CATIBAC established in 17th century 3) MAINIT established in 1701 Under Mainit are Sitio Kugon, Dumilag, Songok, Binuagan, Malingin and Ka- alingatungan PANGHIAWAN established in early part of 18th century COMPOL established in 1855 TANGARO established in 1860 BURA established in 1870 POBLACION established in 1871 Formerly Gui-ob; old Catarman centro was transferred here after the volcanic eruption LAWIGAN established in 1877 LILOAN established in ______ALGA established in 1962 MANDUAO established in 1964 LOOC established in 1964 SANTO NIÑO established in 1972
Figure 2 Map of Catarman
2.3 Population
As of 2010, Catarman has a population of 16,388. It is the second largest in terms of population and land area among the five provinces in Camiguin. Its population density is 300/km2 (790/sq.mi.). The annual growth rate from 2007 to 2010 is 0.68%.
POPULATION MUNICIPALITY 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010
1. Catarman 13,892 14,756 15,386 16,060 16,388
2. Mambajao 25,207 27,770 30,809 35,308 36,435
3. Sagay 9,494 9,243 10,356 11,198 11,873
4. Mahinog 11,313 11,351 12,592 13,168 13,531
5. Guinsiliban 4,341 4,919 5,219 5,559 5,580 Source: National Statistics Office
Figure 3 Population Camiguin
2.4 Economic Profile /Land Use
The economy of Catarman is characterized to be an agri-tourism based local economy. While agriculture proves to be the most important factor, the steady growth of tourism industry in the locality ultimately contributes much in the economic growth with the support of the agriculture sector. The enduring economic growth path has not been fully utilize to stimulate a more pro-active economic endeavors. Economic development potentials of this LGU still remain to be fully tapped to attain a sustainable economic growth.
2.5 Physical Characteristics
Generally, from the sea (western part), the topographic relief of the town can be described by as wide narrow plain, gradually rising to a low relief of pyroclastic hills then high relief of pyroclastic hills and the volcanic mountains at the inland most part.
As reflected in the topographic map, elevation from 0-300 meters asl covers 2,654.66 hectares of land area. The Barangay of Compol, Panghiawan and Looc are located within this elevation and almost half of the areas of the composite barangays. Elevations from 300-1000 meter asl covers the low to high relief areas up to the mountains of Mt. Catarman and Mt. Timpoong ranges. The highest mountain of Timpooong ranges has an elevation of almost 1,580 meters asl while the mountain facing Catarman has an elevation of 1,250 meters asl (Figure 2 and Table 1).
The biggest and longest river of the province, the Dininggasan River, dissects the municipality into southern and northern parts with each half possessing distinct distinguishing characteristics. The northern part comprised of seven (7) barangays is characterized by having large plains and few pyroclastics hills of high reliefs and the imposing Mount Catarman and Mt. Vulkan Daan. The southern part comprises the other seven- (7) barangays with smaller plains and more pyroclastics hills of low to high relief and the imposing Mt. Timpoong mountain ranges.
The northern barangays are (1) Bonbon (2) Catibac (3) Bura (4) Lawigan (5) Panghiawan (6) Mainit and (7) Compol. Likewise, the southern barangays are (1) Sto. Niño (2) Liloan (3) Looc (4) Manduao (5) Poblacion (6) Alga and (7) Tangaro. As to land area, Bonbon is the largest barangay with a land area of 884.00 hectares, which comprises 16.45% of the municipal land area. It is being closely followed by Mainit with 785.00 hectares (14.60%) and Sto. Niño closely following with 653.00 hectares (12.15%). At the other end of the scale, Looc is the smallest with 71.00 hectares (1.32%) followed by Compol with 198.00 hectares (3.68%). (Table 2).
Locations of these barangays characterize the type of ecosystem they support. Barangay Poblacion, Alga, Bonbon, Catibac, and Tangaro can be composite; Barangay Bura, Mainit, Manduao, Liloan and Sto. Niño to be upland barangays; and the barangays of Catibac, Compol, Lawigan, Looc and Panghiawan to be coastal/lowland.
Table 2 DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AREA PER BARANGAY Catarman, Camiguin
Barangay Type of Ecosystem Land Area (has) Share (%)
Bonbon Composite 884.00 16.45
Mainit Upland 785.00 14.60
Santo Niño Upland 653.00 12.15
Manduao Upland 370.00 6.88
Bura Upland 367.00 6.83
Catibac Composite 366.00 6.81
Tangaro Composite 362.00 6.73
Liloan Upland 295.00 5.49
Compol Coastal/lowland 273.00 5.08
Poblacion Composite 266.00 4.95
Alga Composite 251.00 4.67
Lawigan Coastal/lowland 234.00 4.35
Panghiawan Coastal/Lowland 198.00 3.68
Looc Coastal/lowland 71.00 1.32
Catarman 5,375 100.00
Figure 5 Area per barangay
While Dininggasan River serves as the dominant natural drainage, other major rivers exist in the municipality. These are the Puti River, Compol River, Timayog River and the Kilambon River that discharge intermittently during heavy rains (Figure 3).
3 Current Solid Waste Management Conditions
This pyramid of solid waste management is the existing concept followed by the local government with exception of incineration. Little has been done in source reduction and the greatest cost in landfill. The expenditures on the collection and transport of solid waste to the Provincial Land Fill Area almost entirely devour the allocation of Solid Waste Management Budget annualy.
Table ____ shows the result of the recent CBMS Census of 2015- 2016 on households on type of solid waste collection per barangay. On the total municipal magnitude or proportion, 90.34% of households practiced garbage burning, on the average of 20% of households undertook at the same time garbage composting, garbage segregation and and garbage recycling. Almost 9% of the household had been served on garbage
collection by the local government efforts. Garbage dumping either in close or open pit is practiced by 4.28% and 6.63% by households respectively. Less than half of one percent of the households practiced another type of waste management.
Table ____ Households by Type of Collection, by Barangay
Types of waste Man- Panghi- Pobla- Magni- Propor- Alga Bonbon Bura Cati-bac Compol Lawi-gan Liloan Looc Mainit Sto, Nino Tanga-ro collection duao awan cion tude tion 1. Garbage collected 2 6 0 1 4 3 2 5 0 0 3 296 2 1 325 8.87 2. Garbage burned 174 488 170 213 329 227 118 170 334 161 189 258 236 244 3311 90.34 3. Garbage composted 37 109 59 51 123 84 37 8 45 51 13 89 49 51 806 21.99 4. Garbage recycled 25 110 36 43 106 72 31 16 60 47 13 82 46 65 752 20.52 5. Garbage segregated 29 74 30 43 89 78 45 99 37 47 18 132 51 38 810 22.10 6. Garbage dumped to 11 13 6 12 23 29 14 0 4 9 2 17 10 7 157 4.28 closed pit 7. Garbage dumped to 11 18 13 11 46 32 5 11 21 23 10 12 13 17 243 6.63 open pit 8. Other waste 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 10 .27 management Total 177 487 181 226 358 253 123 174 347 166 147 530 243 253 3665 households/barangay Source: CBMS Census 2015-2016
3.1 Institutional Arrangements
The Local Government Code mandates all local governments to deliver an effective and efficient solid waste management services to their constituents including the proper use of disposal facilities. LGUs receive an Internal Revenue Allotment from the National Government of which 20% may be allocated to development projects such as the upgrade of SWM services.
2.1 Provincial Level
The Provincial Government has assumed various roles and responsibilities associated with the planning and development of the solid waste management system including:
❑ Establishment of the only Sanitary Landfill for the island; ❑ Provision of funds for workshops and trainings; ❑ Coordination with national line agencies ie. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), Department of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR) and Department of Interior and the Local Government (DILG) as well as the private sector.
Figure 4 Provincial Sanitary Landfill Area Benhaan, Mambajao, Camiguin
2.2 Municipal Level
Waste management services currently provided by the Municipal Government include:
❑ Provision of waste collection service to Brgy. Poblacion; ❑ Provision of a designated disposal site; ❑ Implementation of necessary education and enforcement initiatives enacting the solid waste management ordinance. ❑ Barangay aid to establish material recovery facilities
The typical municipal organizational structure for waste management is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Typical Municipal Organizational Structure
Mayor
Sangguniang Bayan
Health Office Planning Office Engineering Office
Sanitary Inspector
Waste collection Street Sweeping Waste Disposal
2.3 Barangay Level
Barangay authorities also play a role in the development and implementation of waste management and sanitation services. Waste management services currently provided at the barangay level include:
❑ Informal provision of waste storage containers in select areas not serviced by the municipal government. ❑ Informal collection and disposal services in select areas not serviced by the municipal government.
Ordinances
The Municipality of Catarman has enacted solid waste management ordinances, Municipal Ordinance No. 8, series of 2005, otherwise known as the “The Solid Waste Ordinance of 2005”. In summary, this ordinance specify:
❑ Definition of waste/refuse ❑ Responsibility concerning the handling and storage of waste ❑ Responsibility concerning collection and disposal of waste ❑ Penalties
Although fragmented, the ordinances provide a framework for managing solid waste. However, due to a lack of infrastructure, educational services and personnel, the ordinances are not effectively implemented.
Revenue
The LGU Catarman, under the command of the Municipal Economic Enterprise and Development Office, implements a system for the collection of user chargers for solid waste. User chargers are applied to business establishments only, residential establishments are exempt. The charge to business establishments is collected upon renewal of their business license. The fee is equal to ______of the Business Tax.
3.2 Inventory of Equipment and Staff
The local government has only one (1) dump truck for garbage collection that can accommodate a maximum of 3 cu m of garbage. For collection purposes, the LGU assigned one (1) driver for the dump truck, and three (3) utility persons. All are on job-order employment.
3.3 Source Reduction
At present there is no activity on source reduction of garbage being practice in the service area. Much to the concern of the LGU to reduce the source of garbage, the community are not fully aware of its responsibility. In spite of the effort of the Provincial Government of declaring Camiguin as Plastic Free Province, there is no collateral effort of the local government through an ordinance adapting measures to reduce the use of plastic in the municipality. The municipality of Mambajao had already practice measures on source reduction by legislating the limitation of the use of plastic and cellophane in commercial establishment and public market.
3.4 Collection
A solid waste collection service is provided at Barangay Poblacion only operated by the municipal government. The service is provided to commercial and urbanized areas, often limited to the public market and immediate surroundings. The service dump truck makes a route collection three (3) times a week. At present, collection of un-segregated garbage are allowed.
3.5 Transfer The collected waste or garbage are transported to the Provincial Sanitary Land Fill Area at Barangay Benhaan, Mambajao. The landfill is 32 kilometers from the collection area of barangay Poblacion in Catarman.
3.6 Processing Facilities
The garbage transported into the Provincial Land Fill Area undergo processing. The temporary dumping area is the segregation area, where personnel of the facility took the process of segregating. As of the study period, there is no material recovery facility of the municipality nor in most of the barangays. There were material recovery facilities in Barangay Catibac and Bonbon, but the facilities are not properly used,i.e., that is left unused for the purpose since they were constructed through a project funded by the Australian Government.
3.7 Final Disposal
Description of facilities
The final disposal facility is the sanitary landfill owned and manage by the Provincial Government of Camiguin.
Recyclable materials are separated and the rest are pushed by a bulldozer to a lined-pit hole. Once the pit is full, this is fully covered with soil materials. Another pit is again dug up and use for the remaining garbage.
List of facilities:
◦ 1 sanitary landfill owned and manage by the provincial government located at benahan, mambajao camiguin. ◦ 1 unit bio-degradable shredder machine owned by province. ◦ 1 unit non bio-degradable shredder machine owned by province. ◦ 1 unit bio-reactor for organic fertilizer owned by province. ◦ 1 unit plastic densifier owned by province. ◦ 1 Units 3-4 cu.m. capacity mini dumptruck owned by the municipal government of Catarman ◦ unit bio-degradable shredder machine owned by municipal government of Catarman
Evaluation of the situation of scavengers/waste pickers:
We cannot evaluate about the situation of scavengers or waste pickers at the provincial landfill area as the municipality has no hands on its operation.
3.8 Special Wastes
3.8.1 Health Care Wastes
The health care waste in the Catarman District Hospital is taken by the Provincial Government through the personnel from the Provincial Landfill Facility. A routine day is scheduled twice a week to get these special wastes using a garbage collector. A special pit in the landfill area is dedicated to these wastes.
3.9 Markets for Recyclables
While the households performs minimal waste segregation particularly on plastics, metals and glass bottles, a commercial entity buy these items in irregular basis. The enterprise is based in Mambajao.
3.10 IEC IEC activity is very minimal ever conducted by the local government. Mostly information campaigns were conducted during assemblies and meetings. However, down to household level, no activity was ever done.
3.11 Costs and Revenues
Present garbage collection has an appropriation of P400,000.00 for the last three years. Annual appropriation is taken from the 20% of the IRA development fund. Expenses include, wages of one driver and three (3) laborers and operation and maintenance of one (1) unit dumptruck 3 cu m capacity.
Revenues from the garbage collection is lodge among commercial establishment who pays an annual fee of ______during their annual business permit licensing. Collection started only in 2014. Table ___ shows data on cost and revenue on SWM. Annual revenue is just a pigment of the cost on annual solid waste Management.
Table ____ Cost and Revenue on SWM Year Annual Revenue Annual Expenditures Difference 2015 24,200.00 480,000.00 -455,800.00 2014 8,300.00 488,208.00 -479,908.00 2013 0 442,000.00 -442,000.00
3.12 Key Issues
◦ Institutional
• The LGU Catarman is constrained by the lack of financial resources to upgrade waste management services including expansion of the collection system and the provision of sanitary disposal facilities. This means that garbage collection can not be done outside the Poblacion area.;
• There is a need to have/assigned a permanent waste management staff to man the solid waste management plan and require continued training in the social, economical and environmental aspects of waste management;
• Benefits of involving non-governmental and community based organizations not fully used;
◦ Waste Storage
• Storage containers provided in rural barangays are ineffectual because there is no routine collection service to these areas. Subsequently waste is commonly dumped on vacant land adversely impacting upon the general amenity of the island.
• There is a need for additional communal storage bins and litter bins in commercial areas and proper placement of these bins. The present waste storage is not always convenient for the serviced population resulting in the dumping of waste on vacant land and in drains.
• The volumetric capacity of waste storage needs to be significantly increased in domestic and commercial areas in accordance with the expansion of the waste collection system.
• The design of the storage methods needs to be modified to improve collection efficiency, sanitary conditions and extend the lifetime of the facilities. The existing design of communal storage facilities is subject to high collection costs, odor, attraction of rodents and vectors, theft, destruction and overturning.
◦ Waste Collection
• The coverage of the collection service needs to be significantly expanded;
• No routine collection service is provided for sanitation waste from septic tanks and sediments from open drains;
• Maintenance schedules need to be implemented for the collection fleet to reduce downtime and delays arising from lack of spare parts.
◦ Waste Recycling & Reuse
• Waste reduction, recycling and reuse is limited due to lack of infrastructure, institutional framework, incentives and education campaigns.
• There is a need to conduct research for appropriate technologies on recyclable and reusable waste/garbage for local utilization.
• No municipal strategies or incentives provided to the private sector and peoples’ organizations for expansion of the existing bottle, metal and plastic recycling program.
◦ Waste Disposal
• Communities not provided with a waste collection system, disposal of waste by uncontrolled
dumping and burning on vacant land, the seashore, in surface waters and drains. This has both adverse environmental and social/health impacts.
• The designated and existing waste disposal sites have limited life span for the continued dumping of waste. Continued uncontrolled dumping will add to the cost of remediating/rehabilitating these sites – these costs can easily exceed the total lifetime capital and operating costs of a controlled disposal site.
• The existing open disposal sites are located on privately owned land with undefined access rights and management responsibilities. This presents potential liability in the event of litigation, compensation or sudden site closure.
• No existing and suitable facilities for the disposal of the small quantity of hazardous waste produced mainly by health care institutions.
• There is a need to develop a disposal facility that conforms to the established standards of the government.
4 Waste Characteristics
Waste characterization identifies waste by volume, percentage weight and its volumetric equivalent, material type and generation source which includes residential, commercial, institution, public market and the End Of Pipe (EOP). Waste Assessment and Characterization System (WACS) is a guiding tool that could help us analyzing the generated wastes to handle it up the proper waste management pursuant to Republic Act 9003.
However, at the time of the preparation of this plan, the municipality has not conducted a Waste Assessment and Characterization System (WACS). In view of this, with the permission of the municipaplity of Sagay, their WACS is used in the study and projection of waste in this municipality.
Careful consideration is made on this arrangement. The muncipality of Sagay and Caarman is near to each other, at 7 kilometers distance from their Poblacions. Both municipalities are rural and of 5th class income classification. While Sagay has 9 barangays, Catarman has 14. Both have Poblacion as the commercial, institutional, and the seat of government both local and national. In terms of solid waste generation, it can be deduced that both municipalities have almost the same attitude. In terms of barangay category, both have coastal, upland and composite barangays.
The local government of Sagay conducted a three day (3) WACS operation with 30 household cooperators as distributed in nine (9) barangays, categorized into high, middle and low income classes. Other samples were taken from non-households such as business establishments, institutions, public market and the End of Pipe.
The actual waste characterization was conducted by the Municipality of Sagay with the participation of nine (9) barangays representing urban, urbanizing and rural barangays, most of the generated waste is biodegradable materials followed by residuals, recyclables and special waste as shown in the table respectively. And based on the data, the per capita waste generation is 0.30 kg/day and the annual waste generation per capita is at 109.5 kg./year.
4.1 Disposed Waste
The actual volume we disposed in sanitary landfill is 1.214 cu.m./day., and as shown in the table of EOP of market and other sources the actual volume collected is= 372.28 kgs./day or 1.57 cu.m, and about 77 percent or equivalent to 286.65 kg/day are disposed to the landfill.
Table 5. Summary Tables of End of Pipe Waste
Public Market Other Sources Total Percentage Waste Type (kg./day) (kg./day) (kg./day) Composition Biodegradables 46.8 261.62 308.42 82.9 Recyclables 1.66 7.22 8.88 2.4 Special Waste 0 6.49 6.49 1.7 Residuals 11.8 36.69 48.49 13 TOTAL 60.26 312.02 372.28 100% % to TOTAL 16.19 83.81
Waste Generation Pie Chart
Biodegradables Recyclables Special Waste Residuals
Figure 2. End of Pipe Composition Analysis
Summarizing the WACS results conducted last June 14 to 18, 2015, here detailed below are the findings of the TWG/Taskforce Personnel that facilitated the said activity; ✓ Waste generation rate per capita per day = 1.515kg per HH /ave. HH size = at ave. HH size of 5 = 0.30 kg. ✓ Total waste generation rate = per capita rate X population = 0.30 kg/day x 11,720= 3,516 kg/day = 3.516 tons/day ✓ Actual volume collected = EOP = 372.28 kgs./day or 1.57 cu.m ✓ Actual volume disposed = 1.214 cu.m/day x 236 kg/cu.m. = 286.50 kg/day ✓ Initial waste diversion rate = 372.28 kg/day – 286.50 kg/day = 85.78 kg/day ✓ % diversion rate = 85.78kg/day ÷ 372.28 kg/day x 100 = 23%
4.2 Diverted Waste
Based on the WACS conducted at the end of pipe 2015, about 23% of waste equivalent of 0.085 tons/day are diverted through composting and recovery at the municipal MRF.
Junkshops have roles also in waste diversion as they regularly come to the municipal MRF to buy recyclable materials commonly cans, plastics, bottles etc.
4.3 Generated Waste
Table 6. Ten Year Projected Waste Generation of ______
Projected Waste Generation Year Population
Volume (tons/day)
2015 11,824 3.54 2016 11,929 3.57 2017 12,035 3.61 2018 12,122 3.63 2019 12,249 3.67 2020 12,358 3.70 2021 12,467 3.74 2022 12,578 3.77 2023 12,687 3.80 2024 12,794 3.83
As we get the 10 yr projected waste generation, we simply multiply the waste generate rate of 0.30 x the projected population starting 2015 up to 2024. And the projected waste generation of the municipality in 2015 must have been 3.54 tons/day and by the year 2024 the projected waste generation is around 3.83 tons/day.
Table 7. Composition Analysis (Households)
Kind of Waste Total, kg/day (Factor) % to TOTAL Biodegradables 0.92 76.89 Recyclables 0.014 0.55 Special 0.005 0.19 Residuals 0.576 22.37 TOTAL 1.515 100%
Waste Composition per Household
Biodegradables Recyclables Special Waste Residuals
Table 8. Composition Analysis (Establishment)
Kind of Waste Total, kg/day (Factor) % to TOTAL
Biodegradables 1.085 70.87% Recyclables 0.048 3.14% Special 0.01 0.65% Residuals 0.388 25.34% TOTAL 1.531 100%
Waste Compostion on Establishments
Biodegradables Recyclables Special Waste Residuals
Table 9. Composition Analysis (Institutional)
Kind of Waste Total, kg/day (Factor) % to TOTAL Biodegradables 3.33 63.55% Recyclables 0.33 6.30% Special 0 0% Residuals 1.58 30.15% TOTAL 5.24 100%
Waste Composition on Institutional
Biodegradables Recyclables Special Waste Residuals
Waste generation rate in the entire municipality revealed that out of the total waste generated per day, biodegradables is 56.7%, followed by residual waste at 34.7%, recyclables 5.2% and the smallest one is the special waste at 3.3% respectively. It is very clear that the campaign on waste diversion should focus more on biodegradable waste by intensifying bio-composting to households, barangays and establishments. Another is to find alternative technology to process residuals into useful product. In fact these alternative technologies are also available in the sanitary landfill owned by the provincial government.
Table 10. Waste Generation Rate
Total (Inventory) Waste Composition, kg/day Sources Total % Total no. of HH Biodegradable % total Recyclable % total Special % total Residual % total Total
Household
High Income 2 8.9 58.5 0.5 3.3 0 - 5.8 38.2 15.2 5.82
Middle Income 8 31.75 67.6 0.3 0.6 0.25 0.5 14.7 31.3 47 18
Low Income 20 42.25 56.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.3 31.4 42.2 74.35 28.48
Commercial 5 15.77 30.8 2.88 5.6 2.43 4.7 30.21 58.9 51.29 19.64
Industrial ------
Institutional 2 6.66 63.6 0.66 6.3 0 - 3.16 30.1 10.48 4
Market 46.8 77.7 1.66 2.7 0 0 11.8 19.6 60.26 23.1
Slaughter House 1.0 40 0.5 20 0.5 20 0.5 20 2.5 0.96
Total 153.13 58.6 7.0 2.7 3.38 1.3 97.57 37.4 261.08 100
% Total 56.7% 5.2% 3.3% 34.7% 100%
Note: WACS Result conducted by the Municipality of Sagay
5 Legal / Institutional Framework
5.1 Local Laws and Regulations
◦ Municipal Solid Waste Ordinance No. 8, series of 2005 - “ An Ordinance Regulating the Solid Waste Management and Disposal in the Municipality of Catarman, Camiguin”
The local government of Catarman ordained “ The Solid Waste Ordinance of 2005” with the primary trust to provide utmost sanitation and maintain fair ecosystem, maintain environmental integrity, protect the people from the hazard of diseases, provide a place that is healthful, clean and socially well provided community. It further aimed to maintain the management system and disposal strategies of the solid waste produced in the municipality.
The ordinance explicitly ordained prohibitions for the following acts and practices:
• “Section 4. PROHIBITIONS. The following acts and practices are prohibited under this ordinance: A. For all concerned to dispose of throw out and / or dump solid wastes at any place not so designated as such by the LGU. B. For all concerned to dispose of, throw out and / or dump solid wastes including solid waste carcasses or dead animals in all rivers, springs, watershed areas, creeks, beaches, open field, within the municipal waters of Catarman. In no case shall the disposal and dumping be permitted in the above areas. C. To dispose of solid wastes burning in violation of the Clean Air Act of 1996 D. In no case shall solid wastes coming from other municipality be permitted to be dumped within the jurisdiction of Catarman.”
◦ Memorandum of Agreement on the Establishment of a Common Solid Waste Disposal Facility/Sanitary Landfill for the Camiguin Province Cluster / Local Government Units Alliance Project
5.2 Roles The Solid Waste Ordinance of 2005 provides further the roles/ duties and responsibilities of the stakeholders:
Section 5. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.
B. Household
B.1 It shall be the duty and responsibility of the head of the household to see to it that its domestic solid waste is managed in accordance with the provision of this ordinance. B.2 It shall be the duty and responsibility of each and every household in the Municipality of Catarman to: B.2.1 Provide three (3) color-coded solid waste containers, red for non-biodegradable wastes, green for recyclable/resusable wastes and while for biodegradable wastes. B.2.2 Segregate and classify the solid wastes if domestically produced and put them in the containers as provided for by the preceding sub-paragraph. A compost pit within its vicinity which shall be used to dispose of its biodegradable solid wates, like grass cutting, leaves, branches, papers, cartoons, and the like. The solid wastes on its containers segregated in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance at a designated place for the barangayto pick up and deposit at the designated areas.
C. Educational Institution
C.1. It shall be the duty and responsibility of the principal, school in charge or the administrator to see to it that this ordinance shall be implemented within its schoo campus. C.2. It shall the duty and responsibility of all educational institution operating within the municipality of Catarman to: C.2.1. Provide color coded trash cans or its equivalent, red for non-biodegradable, green for recyclable / reusable and white for diodegradable solid wastes in every school room for the segregation and classification of the solid waste they produced. C.2.2. Provide a compost pit, 5 x 5 x 1 in size within its school ground where the school can deposit its biodegradable solid wastes. C.3. to place the containers of its non-biodegradable and recyclable/resusable solid wastes at a designated place for the barangay to pick up and deposit at a desginated garbage collection center.
D. Hospitals, Clinic and Health Centers
o D.1. It shall be the duty and responsibility of the administrators of hospitals, medical clinic and health centers to manage their medical wastes considered toxic and hazardous in accordance to the existing rules and regulations. It is likewise the duty and responsibility of th administrator of said institution to manage the disposition of its domestic solid wastes not classified as toxic and hazardous in accordance with the provision of this ordinance. o D.2. It shall be the of all hospitals, medical clinics and health centers to: ▪ D.2.1 Provide three (3) color-coded coded containers, red for non-biodegradable, green for recyclable. Resusable and white for biodegradable solid wastes. ▪ D.2.2 Segregate and classify the solid wates it produced in accrodance to the provisions of the preceding sub-paragraph ▪ D.2.3 Provide a compost pit 2 x 2 x a in size within the vicinity where it could deposit its biodegradable solid wastes. ▪ D.2.4 To place its non-biodegradable wastes in its proper containers at the designated area for the barangay to collect and deposit at the garbage collection center at scheduled time.
E. Market and LGU Enterprises
E.1. It shall be the duty and responsibility of the administrator of the Market and other LGU enterprises to see to it that the management and disposal of the solid wastes it produced shall be in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance.
F. Barangay
F.1. Is shall be duty and responsibiility of the Punong Barangays to ensure that the provisions of this ordinance shall be strictly implemented. F.2. It shall be the duty of the barangay to provide a grabage collecton center within its area of responsibility where the sorting and classification of solid wastes shall be made. F.3. It shall be the duty and responsibility of the barangay to collect all the solid wastes produced by each and every household, school, business and industrial enterprises, parks, plazas, streets, tourits spots, beaches and others and to deposit the same in a designated collection area. F.4. It shall be the duty and responsbility of the barangay to provide the required compost pit
where the diodegradable wastes shall be deposited and left to decay.
G. Municipal Government / Local Government Unit (LGU)
G.1. it shall be the duty and responsibility of the LGU to: G.1.1 Collection the garbage produced by the barangay business establishements, industrial enterprises, hospitals and clinics, parks, plazas, beaches, LGU enterprises, market and the like and bring the same to the LGU garbage collection center sorting it into non- biodegradable, biodegradable and recyclable/reusable wastes and further to set the collection schedule for each barangay and other ares. G.1.2 to market if it warrants the solid wastes wihcih could be marketed. G.1.3. to provide a dumpsite for biodegradable wastes where the garbage shall be desposited and left to decay.
5.3 Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
The Municipal Solid Waste Management Board is composed of the following:
Chairman : Municipal Mayor Vice Chairman: President, Market Vendors Association Members : Municipal Health Officer Municipal Sanitation Officer Municipal Engineer President, Liga ng mga Barangay Principal, Catarman Central School The Chief of Police, PNP – Catarman Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
A. Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
Under Executive Order 2017 -14_, Re-organizing the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board (MSWMB), the board shall have the following duties: • To develop the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan to ensure the long term solid waste management as well as integrate the various Solid Waste Management Plans and strategies of component Barangays. • Adopt measures to promote and ensure the viability and effective implementation of SWM program in the component barangays. • Monitor the implementation of the SWM plan, through the component Barangays and in cooperation with concerned non-government organizations. • Adopt specific revenue – generating measures to promote the viability of the solid waste management plan. • Convene regular meetings for purposes of planning and coordinating the implementation of the solid waste management plan of component Barangays. • Oversee the implementation of SWM plan. • Review every two (2) years, or as the need arises, the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan for purposes of ensuring the sustainability, viability, effectiveness and relevance in relation to local and international developments in the field of Solid Waste Management. • Develop specific mechanism and guideline to implement the Municipal Solid Waste Management
Plan. • Recommend to appropriate local government authorities’ specific measures or proposals for franchise or build operated agreements with duly recognized institutes to provide either exclusive or non-exclusive authority of the collection, transfer, storage, processing, recycling, or disposal of municipal solid waste. • Provide the necessary logistical and operational support to component Barangays. • Recommend the efforts of component Barangays in the implementation of the MSWMP.
5.4 Barangay Solid Waste Management Committees Barangay should have their own committees of solid waste management under the Sangguning barangay as mandated by law, or the RA 9003. However, recent assessment shows committees were created but not active. Non-activity can be shown by the fact that after their creation there are no further activities conducted. The sad fate is that most of the barangays depends on the activity of the municipal government on solid waste management specially Barangay Poblacion. The function of the barangay solid waste management committees are: • Formulate solid waste management program consistent with municipal plan • Segregation and collection of biodegradable, compostable, reusable waste • Establish Material Recovery Facility (MRF) • Allocate and look for sources of funds for SWM • Organize core coordinators • Submit monthly report to MSWMB
5.5 Stakeholders Participation
Several Activities of stakeholders have to be conducted which the LGU has to lead.
Responsible Activities Expected Output Resources Needed Person
Stakeholders workshop Strategy on Implementation of Training fund, conducted – strategies LCE the ordinance supplies identified
Legislation of environmental - public hearing Environmental Fee legislated MTO, SB Fee fund
Material Recovery Facilities 14 barangay MRF and 1 Design of MRF, LCE construction municipal MRF aid to barangays
Arrangement of Provincial MOA, tipping fee LCE land Fill Area
Source of fund, Type and Procurement of Additional specification for dumptruck, Fund LCE Equipment compactor, shredder
One vermi culture project Establishment of vermi culture established in Municipal Design, fund MAO center Nursery
6 Plan Strategy
Solid waste management of the municipality since the enactment of the Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Manager Ordinance No. ___ series of 2005 had been in a dismal state of implementation. The bulk of the SWM system had been on collection of mixed solid waste into the old dumpsite in Barangay Mainit. This was closed upon instruction of the DENR-EMB Region 10.
In ______, the plan of the five (5) municipality of the island of Camiguin pushed through with the establishment of the only sanitary landfill area of the island in Barangay Benhaan, Mambajao, Camiguin through a Memorandum of Understanding by and between the Provincial Government and the Municipal LGUs.
This 10 year SWM Plan will start with new strategies by overhauling the present system. This will involve greater participation of the barangays, institutions, commercial establishments and institutions handling special wastes. Final disposal of the solid waste will end at the Provincial Landfill Area as agreed. So activities from source generation, segregation, collection, and transport shall be the main focus of this plan.
6.1 Vision
Vision: “IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE”
So much definition of this “quality of life” have been in the stream, however the municipality envision a quality of life that is free of diseases and illness caused by the effect of neglected solid waste. There may be so many causes of illness and diseases, but those caused by neglected solid waste can be caused also by neglect of the roles of the society and institutions in controlling solid waste accumulation in the environment.
It is an improvement, not in the sense that present situation is worst. Catarman at present enjoys a quality of life of a rural community but the influx of tourist activities may in the long run spoils what the community have enjoyed nowadays. Every person is a generator of waste, an increase in visitors presence may contribute to increase solid waste thrown in our backyard. This is notwithstanding the increase of population due to natural growth with the municipality experienced a population growth of 1.12%.
Goal: Improve and sustain cleanliness of the environment
One of the simplest terms used by the technical working group of this plan, use the word cleanliness. Improving what is present now and sustain it for the next ten years is a goal quiet achievable. This can be achieved by focusing on targets and the use of strategies to accomplish annually.
6.2 Targets ◦ Diversion targets of each year , 10 year planning period (more than 25%) ◦ Disposal Target for each year, 10 year planning
Projected Volume Generated vs Projected Volume Reduction Waste Diversion Target
Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
1. Projected Volume 1,853 1,867 1,880 1,894 1,908 1,923 1,937 1,951 1,966 1,980 Generated
• Biodegradables/ 1,581 1,592 1,604 1,616 1,628 1,640 1,652 1,664 1,677 1,689 recyclables
• Residual waste 241 243 244 246 248 250 252 254 256 257
• Special wastes / 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 residual wastes
2. Projected Volume 1,801 1,763 1,723 1,682 1,641 1,600 1,557 1,514 1,470 1,426 Reduction
• Diverted Waste (Biodegradables and 1,536 1,503 1,469 1,435 1,400 1,364 1,328 1,291 1,254 1,216 recyclables)
• Disposal waste 234 229 224 219 213 208 202 197 191 185 (Residuals)
• Disposal Waste 31 31 29 29 28 27 26 26 25 24 (Special Waste)
3. Annual Volume Reduction 52 104 158 212 267 323 380 437 495 554 through diversion
Percentage 2.80 5.55 8.40 11.20 14.00 16.80 19.60 22.40 25.20 28.00
6.3 Strategies
6.3.1 Waste Reduction at Source ▪ Introduce thoroughly IEC on households on segregation at source ▪ Introduce through legislation and enforcement of “Plastic Free Camiguin” ▪ Activate barangay SWM committees for involvement of segregation campaign and composting
6.3.2 Segregated Collection ▪ beef up eco-aide for disaggregated garbage collection ▪ formulate data base for effective collection route and schedule ▪ formulate data base for the SWM Plan implementation and monitoring 6.3.3 Disposal ▪ implement disposal system of only residual or minimal mixed solid waste to the Provincial Land Fill area to minimize cost
7 SWM System
The following sections are the detailed description of each program that will be implemented to reach the objectives and targets defined in Section 6.
Figure ____ Solid Waste Management Hierarchy
This solid waste management hierarchy is the guiding principle in establishing the activities of the plan. Highly preferred is source reduction, reuse and recycling. Further least preference goes to waste disposal, either by resource recovery or incineration. The least preferred is landfilling. What has been practiced by LGU is the reversed in which landfill disposal is done, that cost a lot.
7.1 Source Reduction
Based on section 1 DAO-IRR of R.A 9003, Volume Reduction at source is the main objective of the Integrated Ecological solid waste management system. That all constituents shall promote and be responsible for sorting and segregation of biodegradable and non- biodegradable recyclable waste at the household in barangay level and all other sources such as markets, commercial, institution, schools, hospitals and industry.
The Plan is to reduce the amount of waste disposed by diverting at least 25% of all Solid Waste from the Material Recovery and Composting Facility through Re-Use, R e c yc l i ng a nd Com pos ting activities and possible resource recovery activities of Barangay MRF, as provided in Section17, 20 of R.A 9003.
Since the percentage of biodegradable in WACS comes to ______%, it most convinient to conclude that these materials have to be addressed and methods be determined to reduce accumulation by 25% by the end of the planning period. Meaning, that from the beginning of _____%, at least by the end of 10 years, the biodegradable waste can become ______in the next WACS.
At the top of the hierarchy of proper waste disposal is Source Reduction - defined as: ▪ Changing the design, production, purchasing method or use of materials in order to reduce its waste potential; ▪ Any effort to reduce, at the source, the quantity of waste generated, toxic chemicals used or released into the environment; ▪ Eliminating waste and the use of less packaging; ▪ Changing the design of products and packaging to decrease potential waste before it's created; ▪ Buying items in less packaging and purchasing non-toxic alternatives Plans for Waste Reduction at Source:
1. Institutionalization of SWM to all sectors at the barangay level constituent s i nv ol ve s in proper handling and collection system of garbage generated at source by having alternative measure how to keep and process own waste.
2. Educate thru information how to handle organic compost material mostly generated at the household like k itchen waste, papers and cartoons f o r alternative decomposition procedure and re-using.
3. Institute a policy and ordinance to the barangay solid waste management initiating BMRF and committee on collection methods to support the mandatory activity of recycling, composting and re -using in promotion to practice clean production system at source. 4. Strengthening market availability for recovered recyclable materials l i ke bottles, broken plastic, scrap steel at source.
5. Assist the barangay committee thru IEC to practice and encourage backyards composting and 3 R’s (Reduce, re-used, Recycle).
6. Through the efforts of education and information campaign w i t h t h e coordination of barangay committee in all sectors to minimize used of plastic and /or recycle and re-used otherwise used biodegradable wrappers such as basket bag.
7. Institute a policy of an accord ordinance at barangay level that “Polluters MustPay”.
8. Institute a policy to assist each barangay in planning solid waste management
Target Stakeholders Programs/Activities Time Frame Output 1. Barangays • Creation of Barangay
Target Stakeholders Programs/Activities Time Frame Output Committee on Solid Waste Management • Households Orientation on composting of kitchen waste, papers and cartoons
f o r alternative decomposition procedure and re-using. • Barangay Ordinance formulation Barangay Material Recovery Facility and and committee on collection methods to support
t h e m a n da t or y activity of recycling, composting and re - using in promotion to practice clean production system at source. • Creation of a Municipal Technical Group on SWM to
assist barangay on source reducton
• Conduct of “Plastic Free 2. Market Caamiguin” Program
• Orientation on 3 R's • Ricorida • Billboards, signages
installation • Production and distribution
of flyers • Stall-to-store campaign • Construction of MRF in 3. Schools every schools 4. Institutions •
◦ sector to target
• Households
◦ Reduce the need for ’single use’ plastic bags by bringing one's own bags when one has to shop, and to use a travel mug when you buy coffee ◦ Choose durable, reusable products to make less trash. ◦ When choosing between two similar products, select the one with the least unnecessary packaging.
◦ When appropriate, use products you already have on hand to do household chores. Using these products can save on the packaging associated with additional products. ◦ Recognize and support store managers when they stock products with no packaging or reduced packaging. ◦ Consider large or economy-sized items for household products that are used frequently, such as laundry soap, shampoo, baking soda, pet foods, and cat litter. These sizes usually have less packaging per unit of product. ◦ Consider whether concentrated products are appropriate for your needs. They often require less packaging and less energy to transport to the store, saving money as well as natural resources. ◦ Whenever possible, select grocery, hardware, and household items that is available in bulk. Bulk merchandise also may be shared with friends or neighbors. ◦ Reducing Tree, Yard and Food Waste: ▪ Consider composting yard waste and food waste. ▪ Practice grass-cycling which leaves grass clippings on our yards. ▪ Consider mulching your tree limbs.
• commercial establishments ◦ Let clerks know when it's not necessary to double wrap a purchase.
• schools and offices
◦ Reducing Paper Consumption: ▪ Elect to opt out of junk mail, yellow pages, magazines, etc. ▪ Print drafts on blank used paper or better yet develop work from your computer only. ▪ Print and make copies on front and back of paper. ▪ Reduce font sizes and expand margins to decrease volume of documents. ▪ Store files electronically and not a paper copy. ▪ Communicate through voice or by electronic methods.
◦ materials to be addressed and methods to determine the categories of solid waste to be diverted
Food waste, tree leaves, cut grasses, paper and cartoon packages should be reduced at source and some must be diverted to composting at home or taken by the LGU for vermi culture
Diversion Methods or Programs to be undertaken:
Other possible Materials / Activities Methods Equipment Needed Diversion Methods Source Reduction • Public address • IEC campaign Assembly meetings Posters system • service vehicle MOA with • Organic Wrapping Legislation Establishments •
Other possible Materials / Activities Methods Equipment Needed Diversion Methods
Segregation At Households Vermi culture at • Food waste Home composting Shredder Nursery • Yard waste Home composting Tree mulching • Cut tree branches and Home Composting Tree mulching leaves • Cut grasses Home Composting Grass-cycling • Paper and cartoons Source reduction collection • Plastic wrapper and Source reduction Reuse or collecton bottles Segregation at Commercial
Establishments • Food waste Vermi culture Shredder • Cartoons and papers Vermi culture • Yard waste Vermi culture • Cut or trim grasses • Plastic wrapper and
bottles Segregation at Offices and schools • Food waste • Cartoons and papers • Yard waste • Cut or trim grasses • Plastic wrapper and
bottles
◦ capability and economic viability of the municipality in implementing the program for this component
◦ technical requirement for the ordinances and other formal actions to be taken by the municipality
◦ social impacts on stakeholders involved or affected
◦ percentage diversion resulting from source reduction.
7.2 Collection
7.2.1 Overview
Waste collection is the collection of solid waste from point of production (residential, industrial commercial, institutional) to the point of treatment or disposal. Municipal solid waste is collected in several ways: • House-to-House: Waste collectors visit each individual house to collect garbage. The user generally pays a fee for this service. • Community Bins: Users bring their garbage to community bins that are placed at fixed points in a neighborhood or locality. MSW is picked up by the municipality, or its designate, according to a set schedule. • Curbside Pick-Up: Users leave their garbage directly outside their homes according to a garbage pick-up schedule set with the local authorities (secondary house-tohouse collectors not typical). • Self Delivered: Generators deliver the waste directly to disposal sites or transfer stations, or hire third-party operators (or the municipality).
In this Plan, the collection of segregated recyclables and compostable materials is the responsibility of the barangay. Collection of mixed solid waste, residuals and mixed solid waste is the responsibility of the municipality. Coordinative effort shall be done by and between the municipal government and the barangay government in pursuing a clear and efficient system of collection.
Figure _____ Schematic Diagram of Solid Waste Management Plan
Waste Segregation at Source
Mixed Special Residual Recyclables / Waste Waste compostibles (Paper, Plstic, Glass, Metal)
Barangay Collection Municipal Collection
From Public Places From Establishments From Households Handling
Special waste 1. Schools 1. Individual Bins 2. Market 2. Communal Bins 3. Stores 1. Hardware 4. Offices 2. Gasoline Stations 5. Others 3. Motor Repair Shop 4. Hospitals 4. Slaughterhouse 5. Others Non-recyclables MRF - Barangay
Provincial Land Fill Area Junkshops
7.2.2 Collection and Equipment and Route
In pursuing the arrangement of collection, the municipal government shall purchase additional units of dumptrucks to collect and transport mixed, residual and special solid waste covering the whole barangays of Catarman. The other truck will be used to collect the materials in the MRFs.
Collection Routes Collecton routes Collection Vehicles Frequency Poblacion Barangay MRF/ Request 1. Garbage Truck # 1 MWF Route 1 2. Garbage Truck # 2 TTH Route 2 3. Garbage Truck # 1 TTH Route 3 4. Garbage Truck # 2 MWF Route 4 5. Garbage Truck # 1 or 2 SS Any location Any Location
7.2.3 Private Collection Service
The municipality does not have the plan to encourage hiring of private collection services to carry out collection of waste in designated areas. This is based on the idea that the volume of waste for collection can still be within the financial capability of the LGU.
7.2.4 Storage and Setout
7.2.4.1 For Residential Areas
• The concerned resident shall ensure that the solid wastes are bought out in front of his gate or door and along the collection route of the collection vehicle, during the collection period; • The concerned resident shall report to the City Environment Management Office or concerned official for any uncollected solid waste within the vicinity of the residence; • Garbage, not segregated and placed in approved containers, shall not be collected; • The specific date and hour of garbage collection in particular locations shall be scheduled and announced.
7.2.4.2 For Commercial Areas • The owner, operator or lessee of any enterprise shall be responsible for the timely positioning of stored solid wastes during the collection period, which shall be made known in advance by the proper authorities, which shall likewise assist, wherever necessary means of loading wastes for collection purposes; and • The person concerned shall remind the Solid Waste Management Unit of San Carlos the collection of uncollected solid wastes and other related matters
7.2.4.3
To make sure your garbage, recycling or green waste gets collected, follow these guidelines:
• Place bins, grey box, blue box, and yellow bag in such a way that the City’s collection crews can access them. • Keep items that are not accepted out of your bins, grey box, blue box, and yellow bag. • Set out your bins, boxes, and bag by 7:00am on collection day.
Steps to set out your bins, boxes, and recycling bags
Space it
Place your bins so that there is approximately 1 m (3 ft) of space on all sides, and 3 m (10 ft) of clearance above.
Line up your recycling
Place your yellow bag between your grey box and your blue box, not across the top of them. Allow 1 m (3 ft) between your recycling containers and your Green Bin and garbage bin.
Remove obstacles
Make sure there are no obstacles in the way of the collection truck.
7.2.5 Segregated recyclables
Segregated recyclables at home shall be set out in collections and shall be collected and transported to the Barangay Materials Recovery Facilities by the concerned households. It is further recommended that each barangay shall collect segregated materials in households on a regular basis.
• Segregated recyclable wastes should be duly segregated and shall be placed in an enclosed bag prior to their storage in the assigned receptacles within the premises of the households, establishments and other institutions for either direct sale to junkshops and or barangay collection for depository in their respective barangay MRF.
7.2.6 Segregated compostables
Segregated compostables shall be set out in collection bins if the households select collection for transport in the LGU nursery compost areas. For those selected for home composting, the segregated compostables shall be the responsibility of the owners.
• All biodegradable materials will be collected by the city and will be composted either by windrow, vermi-composting or other practical and appropriate composting technologies available. However, the respective barangays should encourage to the processing of their green generated wastes. The necessary carbon material for enhancing digestion such as; sawdust, or sugar cane tops will be introduced in the biodegradable waste pile windrows.
7.2.7 Mixed Solid waste / residuals
Mixed solid waste or residuals shall be collected in curb alley collection bins set up by the municipal government for collection by the garbage collectors.
7.3 Segregation, Recycling and Composting
In this plan, sorting or segregation, recycling and composting is the responsibility of the Barangay. Strategies must be clear as to the roles of the barangay and how the municipal government comes in.
7.3.1 Segregation At the barangay level, households shall play a major role in segregation as they are one of the biggest generators of waste so to speak. Strategies should include the following:
1. Barangay Ordinance on collection system: 1. Not to throw any solid waste in the neighborhood, on the streets, open spaces, and vacant lands, into the drains or water bodies. 2. Keep food waste/biodegradable waste in a non-corrosive container with a cover (lid) and directly pour in a compost area once full. COMPOST IN A HOME shall be promoted in this ordinance. 3. Keep, dry/recyclable waste in a bin/bag or a sack and volunarily bring them to the MRF 4. Keep domestic hazardous waste if and when generated separately for disposal at specially notified locations. 2. Establish and operate Material Recovery Facility 1. Appoint eco-waste household collector 2. provide incentive to eco-waste collector by giving the sale of recovery material 3. Set out time and location of household collection of segregated waste for collection 4. Sorting at the MRF by eco-waste collector 3. Collection of unsaleable materials by the municipal government on set out time 4. Contract agreement with private buyer for the buy-out of saleable materials in the MRF
7.3.2 Recycling • 3 R's • One of the major components of waste management is recycling. The identified recyclable
materials at the household level will be brought mainly to the Barangay MRF (Barangay collection) to be picked up by the junkshops. The recyclables collected by the city will be brought to the Central MRF in the Eco-Center. The remaining recyclables (e.g. plastics, sando bags, etc.) will be deposited to the Eco-Center’s Central MRF for future processing and recycling. As part of the recycling strategy the city recommend amendments to building ordinances, requiring newly constructed buildings to provide storage space, devices or systems that will facilitate source separation and storage of designated recyclable materials
7.3.3 Composting / Management of Biodegradable Waste • Mulching • All biodegradable materials that will be collected by the city will be composted either by windrow or vermi-composting. The necessary carbon material for enhancing digestion such as; sawdust, etc.will be introduced in the biodegradable waste pile windrows. • The huge biodegradable heaps will be processed at the composting facility of the Eco-Center. The compost product will be introduced to the city’s vast agricultural area as a enhancer or soil conditioner.
7.3.4 Marketing and Market Development
There is no junkshops established in the locality. However, there is only one known individual enterprise that buys selected empty bottles of liqours. There is only one known junkshop operator in the Province whose services includes here in Catarman.
The municipal government, once the collection system will be set up in all barangays, will offer an agreement with this buyer and junkshop operator to collect all materials in the MRFs.
7.4 Transfer ( if applicable)
As envision in this plan, residuals and mixed solid waste will be tansfered directly to the Provincial Landfill Area in Mambajao. Scheduled transfer or delivery shall depend on the route location and specific materials to be collected.
7.5 Alternative Technologies for Residual Wastes
Alternative technologies for residual wastes is a matter of concern of the operation of the Provincial Landfill Area at barangay Benhaan, Mambajao.
7.6 Disposal
7.6.1 Solid Waste Disposal Capacity
7.6.2 Existing Facilities
The project is an Integrated Solid Waste Management program for the Island-province of Camiguin. It has two stages: 1. composting at household level; 2. establishment of a waste disposal facility with four components, namely: composting, materials recovery, research & development and sanitary landfill.
7.6.3 New Facilities
Depending upon the conditions of the existing land fill area of Camiguin, the municipality is dependent on the action of the Provincial Government.
7.7 Special Wastes
7.7.1 Health Care Wastes
The following health care waste managements are taken from the Health Care Waste Management Manual issued by the Department of Health. The content of this waste management is very appropriate for the Municipal Health Office (serving as clinic with lying-in facility), barangay health stations and the Catarman District Hospital.
7.7.1.1 Waste Segregation and Storage
The effective management of health care waste considers the basic elements of waste minimization, segregation and proper identification of the waste. In the past, there were no incentives to separate, recycle, or reduce waste. Appropriate handling, treatment and disposal of waste by type reduce costs and do much to protect public health. Segregation at source should always be the responsibility of the waste producer. Segregation should take place as close as possible to where the waste is generated and should be maintained in storage areas and during transport.
Segregation is the process of separating different types of waste at the point of generation and keeping them isolated from each other. Appropriate resource recovery and recycling technique can be applied to each separate waste stream. Moreover the amount of hazardous waste that needs to be treated will be minimized or reduced subsequently prolonging the operational life of the disposal facility and may gain benefit in terms of conservation of resources.
Hazardous waste should be placed in clearly marked containers that are appropriately labeled for the type and weight of the waste. Except for sharps and fluids, hazardous wastes are generally put in plastic bags, plastic lined cardboard boxes, or leaked proofed containers that meet specific performance standards.
T o
i m p r o v e
s e g r e g a t i o n
e f f i c i e n c y
a n d
m i n i mize incorrect use of containers, proper placement and labeling of containers must be carefully determined. General waste containers placed beside infectious waste containers could result in better segregation. Too many hazardous waste containers tend to inflate waste volume but too few containers may lead to non-compliance. Minimizing or eliminating the number of hazardous waste containers in patient care areas (except for sharp containers, which should be readily accessible,) may further reduce waste. Facility management should develop a segregation plan that includes staff training.
7.7.1.2 Color Coding Scheme for Health Care Waste The most appropriate way of identifying the categories of health care waste is by sorting the waste into color-coded plastic bags or containers. Recommended color-
coding scheme for health care waste is shown in Table 1.Figure 1 Basic Steps in Health Care Waste Handling
Table 1. Color- coding Scheme for Containers
Color of Container / bag Type of waste Black Non-infectious dry waste Green Non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary etc.) Yellow Infectious and Pathological waste Yellow with black band Chemical waste including those w/ heavy metals Orange Radioactive waste Red Sharps and pressurized containers
Apart from the color-coding system for health care waste, the following practice should also be observed: (a) Residuals of the general health care waste should join the stream of domestic refuse or municipal solid waste for proper waste management.
Figure 2. Refuse Receptacle for General Waste with Plastic Bag Cover (b) Sharps should all be collected together, regardless of whether or not they are contaminated. Containers should be puncture proof (usually made of metal or high-density plastic) and fitted with covers. It should be rigid and impermeable to contain not only the sharps but also any residual liquids from syringes. To discourage abuse, containers should be tamper proof (difficult to open or break) and needles and syringes should be rendered unusable. Where plastic or metal containers are unavailable or too costly, containers made of dense cardboard are recommended (c) Bags and containers for infectious waste should be marked with the international infectious substance symbol. (d) Highly infectious and other hazardous waste should, whenever possible, be treated immediately by any method recommended in this manual. It therefore needs to be package in bags that are compatible with the proposed treatment process. (e) Cytotoxic waste, most of which is produce in major hospital or research facilities, should be collected in strong, leak proof containers clearly labeled “Cytotoxic wastes”. (f) Radioactive wastes should be segregated according to its physical form: solid & liquid and according to its half-life or potency: short-live and lived in especially marked containers as prescribed by the pertinent regulation of the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) specific to such authorized practice. (g) Small amounts of chemical or pharmaceutical waste may be collected together with infectious waste. (h) Large quantities of obsolete or expired pharmaceuticals stored in hospital wards or departments should be returned to the pharmacy for disposal. Other pharmaceutical waste generated at this level, such as expired drugs or packaging containing drug residues should not be returned because of the risk of contaminating the pharmacy. It should be deposited in the specified container at the point of generation. (i) Large quantities of chemical waste should be packed in chemical resistant containers and sent to specialized treatment facilities (if available). The identity of the chemicals should be clearly marked on the containers. Hazardous chemical waste of different types should never be mixed. (j) Waste with a high content of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium or mercury) should be collected separately. These wastes can be sent to waste treatment facility available in the area. (k) Aerosol containers may be collected with general health care waste once they are completely empty. Aerosol containers should not be burnt or incinerated. (l) Appropriate containers or bag holder should be placed in all locations where particular categories of waste may be generated. (m) Staff should never attempt to correct errors of segregation by removing items from a bag or container after disposal or by placing one bag inside another bag of a different color. If general and hazardous waste are accidentally mixed, the mixture should be classified as hazardous health care waste. (n) Cultural and religious constraints in certain parts of the country make it unacceptable for anatomical waste to be collected in the usual yellow bags; such waste should be disposed of in accordance with the local custom, which commonly specifies burial.
7.7.1.3 Storage
All health care waste should be collected and stored in waste storage area until transported to a designated off-site treatment facility. This area shall be marked with warning sign: "CAUTION: BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE AREA - UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS KEEP OUT."
Storage areas for health care waste should be located within the establishment or research facility. However, these areas should be located away from patient rooms, laboratories, hospital function/operation rooms or any public access areas. The waste in bags or containers should be stored in a separate area, room or building of a size appropriate to the quantities of waste produced and the frequency of collection. In cases where the health care facility lacks the space, daily collection and disposal should
be enforced.
Cytotoxic waste should be stored separately from other waste in a designated secured location. Radioactive waste should be stored separately in containers that prevent dispersion, and if necessary behind lead shielding. Waste that is to be stored during radioactive decay should be labeled with the type of radionuclide, the date, and details of required storage conditions. Storage facility for radioactive waste must bear the sign “Radioactive Waste” placed conspicuously. Methods of treatment and disposal of radioactive waste shall conform to the requirements and guidelines of the PNRI.
During “storage for decay”, radioactive waste should be separated according to the length of time needed for storage, for example, short-term storage (half-lives less than 30 days) and long-term storage (half- lives from 30 to 65 days). Low level radioactive waste should be stored for a minimum of ten times the half-life of the longest-lived radionuclides in the container and until radioactivity decays to background levels as confirmed by a radiation survey.
Requirements for Storage Facilities
1. The storage area should have an impermeable, hard-standing floor with good drainage; it should be easy to clean and disinfect. 2. There should be water supply for cleaning purposes. 3. The storage area should allow easy access for staff in charge of handling the waste. 4. It should be possible to lock the storage area to prevent access by unauthorized persons. ' 5. Easy access for waste collection vehicle is essential. 6. There should be protection from sun, rain, strong winds, floods, etc. 7. The storage area should be inaccessible to animals, insects and birds. 8. There should be good lighting and adequate ventilation. 9. The storage area should not be situated in the proximity of fresh food stores or food preparation areas. 10. A supply of cleaning equipment, protective clothing, and waste bags or containers should be located conveniently close to the storage area. 11. Floors, walls, and ceilings of the storage area must be kept clean in accordance to established procedures, which at a minimum should include daily cleaning of floors. 12. Biodegradable general and hazardous waste should not be stored longer than 2 days to minimize microbial growth, putrefaction, and odors. If the waste must be stored longer than 2 days, application of treatment like chemical disinfection or refrigeration at 4 o C or lower is recommended.
7.7.1.4 Collection and Transport of Health Care Waste
The proper collection and transportation is an important component in health care waste management. Its implementation requires the direct involvement of the health care facility’s maintenance services, housekeeping services, motor pool service personnel and cooperation of all the health care personnel.
Health care waste collection practices should be designed to achieve an efficient movement of waste from points of generation to storage or treatment while minimizing the risk to personnel.
Suggested collection frequency on room to room basis is once every shift or as often as necessary. Time of collection regardless of category should be at the start of every shift.
Figure 7. Foot Operated Lid Container Refuse Receptacle for Infectious Wards Lined with Heavy-Gauge Plastic Bag with Cover
Figure 8. Refuse Receptacles for Sharps with Heavy Gauge Plastic Bag and Cover (Plastic Container)
On-site Collection
Waste should not be allowed to accumulate at the point of production. A program for their collection and transportation should be established as part of the health care waste management plan. Nursing and other clinical staff should ensure that waste bags are tightly closed or sealed when they are about three-quarters full. Light-gauge bags can be closed by tying the neck, but heavier gauge bags probably require plastic sealing tag of the self-locking type. Bags should not be closed by stapling. Sealed sharp containers should not be placed in a labeled, yellow infectious health care waste bag.
The following are recommendations that should be followed by health care personnel directly involved in waste handling and collection:
• Waste should be collected daily (or as frequently as required) and transported to the designated central storage site or waste transfer station. • No bags should be removed unless they are labeled with their point of production (hospital ward or department) and contents. • The bags or containers should be replaced immediately with new ones of the same type. • A supply of fresh collection bags or containers should be readily available at all locations where waste is produced. • Collection practice for active solid radioactive waste shall consist of distributing orange color- coded suitable containers with the radiation symbol colored magenta or black. The collection of active solid radioactive waste from designated storage area can only be made when the activity (delay-to-decay) decays to a safe level and upon the strict supervision and guidance of the radiological health and safety officer. • Handling, collection, transport and disposal of these materials shall be based on the guidelines issued by PNRI.
On-site Transport
Transportation of waste within the establishment could utilize wheeled trolleys, containers, or carts that are dedicated solely for the purpose. On-site transportation vehicle should meet the following specifications: • Easy to load and unload • No sharp edges that could damage waste bags or containers during loading and unloading • Easy to clean
The on-site collection vehicles should be cleaned and disinfected daily with an appropriate disinfectant like chlorine compounds, formaldehyde, phenolic compounds and acids. All waste bag seals should be in- place and intact at the end of transportation.
Workers transporting the waste should be equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment including heavy-duty gloves, coveralls, thick-soled boots and leg protectors.
A. One Refuse Collector with a Handcart of 300 Liters (6 Bins x 50 Liters) with Plastic Bag and Cover B. Bins from Handcrafts are emptied into a trailer of 6,000 Liters capacity in different coding equivalent to one-day waste (One Trailer Load of 2.4 Tons serves 7,200 people) C. Handcraft with Round Body for refuse collection capacity from 52 Gallons emptied by dumping contents to the ground D. Two-Bin Handcraft with total capacity 120-200 Liters according to bin size. The
bins are emptied directly into a transfer facility as to color coding with plastic bag and cover. E. Six-Bin Handcraft Suitable for daily collection of different types of hospital waste with plastic bag and cover and should conform with the color coding. Total capacity ranges from 300 to 500 liters emptied directly into a transfer capacity.
Figure 9. Examples of On-Site Collection Vehicle
Off-site Transportation of Health Care Waste
The health care waste generator is responsible for the safe packaging and adequate labeling of waste to be transported off-site for treatment and disposal. Packaging and labeling should comply with the national regulation governing the transport of hazardous wastes (RA 6969) and maintaining that it presents no danger to the public during transport. Likewise, the waste generators are ultimately responsible for ensuring that their wastes are properly treated and disposed of in an approved disposal facility.
Tracking of wastes could be done with the implementation of the consignment system.
Consignment Note
All health care waste to be transported to an approved off-site waste treatment facility shall be transported only by a DENR-accredited transporter or carrier. The authorized transporter / carrier shall maintain a completed consignment note (see Annex 4 for a prototype Consignment Note) of all health care waste taken from the health care establishment for treatment or disposal.
By the time that waste transporter receives the waste, the transporter shall provide the waste generator with a copy of the consignment note for the generator's waste records.
The transporter and the generator shall separately maintain a copy of the consignment note. The consignment note shall include, but not limited to the following information:
• The name address, telephone number, and accreditation number of the transporter, unless the transporter is the generator • The type and quantity of waste transported • The name, address, and telephone number of the generator • The name, address, telephone number, permit number, and the signature of an authorized representative of the approved facility receiving the waste • The date that the waste is collected or removed from the generator's facility, the date that the waste is received by the transfer station, or point of consolidation, if applicable, and the date that the waste is received by the treatment facility.
If the waste generators are the ones who transport the wastes or directs a member of its staff to transport the wastes to an approved waste treatment and disposal facility, the consignment note for health care wastes should show the name, address and telephone number of the wastes generator when the wastes are transported to the waste treatment and disposal facility.
The transporter or generator transporting the waste should have the consignment note in his or her possession in the vehicle while transporting the waste. The tracking document should be available upon demand by any traffic enforcement agency personnel. The transporter shall provide the facility receiving waste with a copy of the original tracking document.
Contingency Plan for Health Care Waste
The development of a plan of action should be considered in the event of an accidental spill, loss of
containment, equipment failure or other unexpected circumstances.
The owner/operator of vehicles used in the transportation of health care waste should carry contingency plans for emergencies that address the following: • Plan for the disinfection of the truck and any contaminated surface if a leaking container is discovered. • A notification list of individual or agencies to be contacted in the event of a transportation accident. • Clean-up and decontamination of potentially contaminated surfaces; designation of backup transportation for the health care waste, a description of the plans for the re-packaging and labeling of health care waste where containers are no longer intact. • Procedures for the management of a leaking container.
Requirements for Packaging for Off-site Collection
Waste should be packaged in sealed bags or containers to prevent spilling during handling and transportation. The bags or containers should be robust for their content (for example: puncture proof for sharps and resistant to aggressive chemicals) and for normal conditions of handling and transportation, such as vibration or changes in temperature, humidity or atmospheric pressure. (In case of plastic bags, minimum gauge should be at least 0.009 mm)
Radioactive wastes must be packaged for off-site collection and transported in accordance with the acceptance criteria for low level radioactive wastes established by PNRI (AO No. 01 series of 1990, Annex 3).
All waste bags or containers should be labeled with the basic information about their content and about the waste generator. This information may be written directly on the bag or container or on pre-printed labels, securely attached. Basic information should include but not limited to the following: • Type of health care waste • Form of waste and waste category • Date of collection • Volume/quantity of waste • Precautions to be taken while handling • Emergency procedures in the event of accident or spillage • Destination of the waste
Requirements for Off-site Collection Vehicles
Collection vehicles used for the transport of health care wastes should not be used for the transport of any other materials that could be seriously affected by contamination such as food, livestock, people or retail goods. The vehicle should have an enclosed leak Waste proof body and capable of being locked to secure the waste. Waste can be loaded directly to especially designed vehicle, but it is safer to place them first in containers (e.g. cardboard boxes or wheeled, rigid, lidded plastic or galvanized bins). Infectious and pathological waste should be bagged in appropriate colored-coded bags or other special containers when transported. Each package should be marked or coded for easy identification. Containers should be leak- proofed and be fitted with self-sealing lid and be tight enough to withstand being spilled in the vehicle. The design of the collection vehicle must conform to the following:
• The body of the vehicle should be of suitable size commensurate with the design of the vehicle. • The vehicle should have totally enclosed car body with the driver seat separated from the loader to prevent coming into contact with the waste in the event of collision/accident. • There should be a suitable system for securing the load during transport. • The vehicle should be easy to clean and the internal surface of the body should be smooth enough
that allows it to be steam cleaned and with all corners/angles rounded. The vehicle should be cleaned at the end of each working day and in the event of any spillage. • The vehicle should be marked with the name and address of the waste carrier. • The international hazard sign should be displayed on the vehicle or container, as well as the emergency telephone number. • Empty plastic bags, suitable protective clothing, cleaning equipment, tools, and disinfectant, together with special kits for dealing with liquid spills, should be carried in a separate compartment in the vehicle.
Routing
Health care waste should be transported through the quickest or shortest possible route and should be planned before the trip begins. After departure from the source, every effort should be made to avoid further handling. If handling cannot be avoided, it should be pre-arranged and take place in adequately designed and authorized premises. Handling requirements can be specified in the contract established between the waste generator and the transporter.
An efficient and effective collection system route should consider the following: • Collection schedule either by route or zone • Assignment of personnel responsible for the zone or area • Logical planning of the route (should avoid passing the collected package of waste on congested area) • Collection system route must be laid out from the farthest point of the designated transfer station and as collection progresses towards the collection storage area. • Routes drawn shall be practicable and must consider the logical progression of health care waste throughout the area • Revised routing plan should be established due to circumstances arising to alteration in the original routing plan. • Suggested collection frequency on room to room basis is once every shift or as often as necessary. Time of collection regardless of category should be at the start of every shift.
7.7.1.5 Waste Disposal Systems
Sanitary Landfill
Sanitary landfill is an engineered method designed to keep the waste isolated from the environment. Appropriate engineering preparations should be completed before the site is allowed to accept waste. There should be trained staff present on site to control operations, organize deposits and daily coverage of waste. Some essential elements for the design and operation of sanitary landfill are: • Access to site and working areas possible for waste delivery and site vehicles • Presence of site personnel capable of effective control of daily operations • Division of the site into manageable phases, appropriately prepared, before landfill starts • Adequate sealing of the base and sides of the site to minimize the movement of wastewater (leachate) • Adequate mechanisms for leachate collection and treatment systems are necessary • Organized deposit of waste in a small area, allowing them to be spread, compacted and covered daily • Surface water collection trenches around site boundaries • Construction of a final cover to minimize rainwater infiltration when each phase of the landfill is completed.
Safe Burial on Hospital Premises
In remote locations and rural areas, the safe burial of waste on the health care premises may be the only
viable option available at the time. However, certain rules need to be established for the proper health care waste management. These include: • Access to the disposal site should be restricted to authorized personnel only. • The burial site should be lined with a material of low permeability, such as clay, if available, to prevent pollution of any shallow groundwater that may subsequently reach nearby wells. • Only hazardous health care waste should be buried. If general health care waste were also buried on the premises, available space would be quickly filled-up. • Large quantities (>1kg) of chemical/pharmaceutical wastes should not be buried. • The burial site should be managed as a landfill, with each layer of waste covered with a layer of earth to prevent odor, as well as to prevent proliferation of rodents and insects. • Burial site should not be located in flood prone areas. • Hospital ground should be secured. (e.g. fenced with warning signs). • The location of waste burial pit should be downhill or down-gradient from any nearby wells and about 50 meters away from any water body such as rivers or lakes to prevent contaminating sources of water. • Health care facilities should keep a permanent record of the size and location of all their on-site burial pits to prevent construction workers, builders, and others from digging in those areas in the future. • The safe burial of waste depends critically on rational operational practices. The bottom of the pit should be at least 1.50 meters higher than the ground water level. It should be noted that safe on- site burial is practicable only for relatively limited period, say 1 to 2 years, and for relatively small quantities of waste, say up to 5 to 10 tons in total. Where these conditions are exceeded, a longer-term solution will be needed.
Figure 12. Schematic Cross Section of a Secure Landfill
Septic/Concrete Vault
This method is especially suitable for the disposal of used sharps and syringes. The following procedures for the safe burial of sharps and syringes through septic/concrete vault are recommended:
• Dig a pit (minimum size of 1 m x 1 m x 1.8 m depth), enough to accommodate sharps and syringes for an estimated period of time without reaching the groundwater level. The site must be isolated and at least 500 feet away from the groundwater supply sources and dwelling units. • Construct concrete walls and slabs of the pit. Provide slab with opening or manhole for easy deposition of collected sharps and syringes. The manhole should be extended a few centimeters above the soil surface to overcome infiltration of surface water. • Deposit the collected safety boxes filled with used sharps and needles inside the septic/concrete vault. • Install a security fence around the site.
7.8 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) The Local Government of Catarman will implement the Information, Education and Communications (IEC) Program on Solid Waste in all barangays. 7.8.1 Introduction
The target participants in the conduct of IEC were the Sangguniang Barangays, households, mmbusiness establishments, institutions, religious institutions and other areas identified during the course of implementation. The conduct of IEC is implemented in accordance with the Implementing Rules & Regulations (IRR) set in the R.A. 9003 and its methodology is likewise designed to advocate and reach as to many citizens as possible and be oriented in the mechanics of ESWM.
Stressed in the campaign was the need for a serious and sincere “lifestyle change” that will ease the overhaul of the personal and societal practices that contribute to the generation and mismanagement
of waste in the households, businesses and institutional establishments
7.8.2 Core Messages
The project training modules were patterned after those developed by the Solid Waste Association of the Philippines (SWAPP), adapted to the San Carlos environs and viewed through PowerPoint Software.
Two (2) training modules were prepared: The “Orientation Seminar on Ecological Solid Waste Management” and the “Barangay Planning Workshop Seminar”. These modules were used to train the project staff, barangay councils, solid waste management board and the other participants for the information, education and communication campaign (IEC)
Cross visits, song composition with themes on ecological solid waste management and its practices, documentation on best practices within the local barangays, ESWM exhibits and training impact sharing and other structured learning exercises were incorporated into the module to further enhance the trainings.
7.8.3 Approach
Fliers were developed which discusses ecological solid waste management and its principles. Composting principles, especially in application to home and kitchen waste, were discussed in the other flier. These materials were distributed to the Sangguniang Barangay and all other groups that underwent the ESWM trainings.
Posters with similar advocacy relative to ESWM information were posted around strategic areas in the city like the market, LGU offices, schools, churches. Banners with five (5) different information on ESWM were constructed out from plastic sack cloth and were likewise distributed to participating barangays for posting in strategic areas.
7.8.3.1 Planned Activities
TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE Barangay Council of 14 Increase awareness relative to Every month of January Symposium barangays the role of barangay of the year Increase awareness relative to School Administrators Reorientation on RA the effective implementation Every month of May of and the teacher in- Symposium 9003 of the ESWM program of the the year charge in ESWM school Increase awareness relative to MEDO Staff Symposium Every month the salient features of the law Evaluation of the Ensure the sustainability and Interview and Every month of May of Search for the 14 barangays efficacy of the SWM coaching by the the year Bulawanong Barangay programs of the 14 barangays evaluators Evaluation of the Ensure the sustainability and Interview and Every July and Search for the Participating Schools efficacy of the SWM coaching by the December of the year Bulawanong Barangay programs of the 14 barangays evaluators
TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE To find the possible solutions Massive barangay to the problematic areas Clean-up relative to the 14 barangays Actual Clean-u[ Every 22nd of April within their respective Earth Day Celebration barangays To raise awareness relative to Symposia, Localized Environment 14 barangays, schools, Every third week of the environmental programs of exhibit, film Week Celebration institutions June the city showing Recorida, store to Massive advocay on Plastic bags waste store campaign, All throughout of the the Plastic Ordinace of 14 barangays minimization video year. the municipality presentation
Barangay Training on Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM)
The Barangays were given training/seminar workshop with 30 participants per barangay. These were composed of the whole Sangguniang Barangay, Secretary, Treasurer, Day Care Teacher, Barangay Health Worker and selected tanods, purok leaders and point or model households of the barangay. The training will enable them to formulate their vision/mission statements, which will be incorporated in the barangay plan.
Each barangay is provided with a “Barangay Training Manual on Ecological Solid Waste Management” that contains pertinent information and references useful for planning and implementing ESWM.
Various cross visits to different “puroks” and “sitios” in nearby municipalities were also facilitated to observed exemplary waste management practices and enabled the participants to gain insights for them to apply in their respective barangays.
8 Implementation Strategy 8.1 Framework
OBJECTIVELY MODE OF INITIAL NARRATIVE SUMMARY VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION (MOV) INDICATOR (OVI) ASSUMPTION (IA) GOAL: OBJECTIVE: 1. Set up an effective solid
waste collection system 2. Institutionalize IEC, monitoring and enforcenment
mechanism for the SWM Program 3. Enhanced transport system of residual and mixed solid
waste to the Provincial Landfill Area OUTPUT: 1. Systematic collection
system Activities: • Baseline collection
OBJECTIVELY MODE OF INITIAL NARRATIVE SUMMARY VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION (MOV) INDICATOR (OVI) ASSUMPTION (IA) date on current collection eschedules, routes and fuel consumption • work-out a cost effective route and schedule for the garbage collection including coastal and upland barangays • Follow up and monitor compliance of collection route and eschedule • Briefing of collection crew for systematic implementation of No segregaton, No collection Policy. Output: 2A. Institutionalize ESWM capability building and education through the LGU (Swmo, DepEd) Activities • Implementation of environmental education in school
curricula • Environmental advocacy 2B. Monitoring and
Evaluation Activities: • Facilitate coordinative and logistical follow through support re: ESWM IEC initiative for the 14 barangays • Preparation course of
all MRF Operators on “Ecological Operation of MRF” (segregation skills, waste stream monitoring, basic bookkeeping and marketing, etc) Output:
OBJECTIVELY MODE OF INITIAL NARRATIVE SUMMARY VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION (MOV) INDICATOR (OVI) ASSUMPTION (IA) 3.C Enforcement and
compliance Activities: • Preparation in the conduct of meetings/ seminar with Barangay Waste Officers for monitoring an enforcement of the SWM Plan • Identification of all
different enforcement groups and introduction seminars and WS about the laws, etc. • Conduct paralegal trainingc/ seminars for enforcement of SWM ordinance.
8.2 Diversion Projections
Waste Diversion Targets Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Total Waste Generaton Recyclables Compostable wastes Diversion Percentage
8.3 Monitoring Program
8.4 Incentive Programs
9 Institutional Aspects
The Solid Waste Management Board is the policy making body which sets the overall solid waste management program thrust geared towards the institutionalization and ensures sustainability of its operation in accordance with the Municipality's 10 Year Solid Management Plan through the SWM focal person which handles the management and operation of the of solid waste management related program.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Board (Policy Making Body)
ESWM Focal Person
Waste Collection and 9.1 Roles IEC and Enforcement Transport 9.1.1 Participatory Approach
The local government recognizes that success of solid waste management does not just lie on the technical methods in disposing of waste. Thus, people’s participation was utilized wherein all sectors of the community were targeted to become involved in waste diversion at their level. These include the private/industrial/agricultural sector, the schools, the fourteen barangays, and all households. Citizens are further given the responsibility to manage waste in the barangay level.
9.1.2 Waste Minimization and Increased Waste Diversion
Due to the focus of the Lifestyle Change Project to promote waste reduction and diversion at source, such as source segregation is already evidently practiced with households, industries, schools, barangays, and different community institutions doing their own respective SWM initiatives.
9.1.3 Behavioral Change Approach
The Local Government of Catarman will go beyond the conventional solid waste management program of using an efficient collection system and infrastructure. It will embark on a comprehensive education and advocacy that sought to change people’s behavior towards responsible waste management. While information, education and communication is enunciated in R.A. 9003, the Behavioral Change Approach is based on an education platform that enables the target audience to learn the positive or negative consequences of their action. It further focuses on the benefits derived from positive waste management practice thus leading to individual and group motivation.
9.2 Legal
The Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Management Ordinance No. ___ was approved on ______with the following objectives:
10 Social and Environmental Aspects
The local government recognizes the fact that the increase of tourism activities in the island means an increase in generation of solid waste. It further recognizes that unattended solid waste will deface the beauty of the island and will eventually diminish the growing economic upsurge of the island due to tourism. Protecting the environment is a thrust by the local government, but it must go beyond the present practices of providing knowledge and infrastructure but must direct its focus to changing of people's attitude and behavior. The LGU should emphasize in its early planning and design that waste management is a people's responsibility. It is important to note that the decision to make IEC as the
primary initiative is to highlight the need to capacitate and empower people to responsibly manage waste at the source level.
10.1 Social Aspects
Changing the lifestyle of the individual and household in solid waste management must start at reduction at source and segregation efforts. It is the aim of the Plan that waste diversion efficiency can be express in terms of increasing households doing segregation efforts. The LGU is aware that the policies of the government, whether those stipulated in RA 9003, as well as the LGU policy of “No segregation, No collection”, could not be realized without people's new knowledge and changed behavior in segregating and diverting waste. No matter how much infrastructure related to solid waste management are erected, unless social change happens, the failure of SWM will prevail. Acceptability of the change is imperative for the change the LGU needs.
10.2 Environmental Aspects
The individual approach of the LGU of having its own dumpsite which is environmentally hazardous to the fragile island of Camiguin which is sanitary and is hazardous, prompted the five LGUs with the Provincial Government binding together to establish a one landfill area for the province. The individual dumpsite hade been served with closure order by the DENR and all the five LGUs obeyed.
With the Memorandum of Understanding, the individual LGUs are mandated to transport their mixed and residual solid waste landfill area at their own transport expenses plus tipping fees.
11 Cost Estimates / Financial Aspects
The solid waste management program of the municipality is being financed through the 20% Development Fund (20% of the Internal Revenue Allotment or IRA). New source of fund is the 5% Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund. IEC, community training, and other related component of the solid waste management plan can be funded. The yearly budget is being deliberated during the annual investment planning and subsequently adapted in the Annual General Budget of the LGU. In this plan, the 3 year investment cost will be laid out.
11.1 Investment Cost
Investment areas Amount Source of fund 1. Recovery Facility construction 1. Barangay 2. Schools 3. Municipal 2. Office building 3. Composting 1. windrow composting area 2. vermi composting area expansion 4. Equipment 1. dumptruck 2. shredder
11.1.1 Annual Budget for Solid Waste Management
Source of Fund CY 2007 CY 2008 CY 2009 CY 2010 CY 2011 CY 2012 CY 2013 CY 2014 CY 2015 1. 20% Development Fund 2. 5% MDRRM Fund Total
11.2 Annual Costs
Budgetary Items Amount 1. Sanitation and Environmental Protection Program 2. Waste Collection Program 3. Municipalwide Barangay and School ESWM Capacity Building Program 4. Total
11.3 Funding Options
11.4 Cost Evaluation and Comparison
11.5 Summary
Year Investment Cost Annual Cost Annual Revenue
12 Plan Implementation
12.1 Phases and Responsibilities
SWM Program Components Office / Person Resonsible
12.2 Milestones
12.3 Implementation Schedule
TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE