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A New Species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Paraguay Basin, Paraguay

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A New Species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Paraguay Basin, Paraguay Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(2):253-260, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, Paraguay Bárbara B. Calegari1, Pablo Lehmann A. 2 and Roberto E. Reis1 Otothyropsis piribebuy, new species, is described from the río Piribebuy, a tributary to the río Paraguay basin, Cordillera, Paraguay. The new species is distinguished from O. marapoama mainly by having a continuous mid-dorsal series of 17-18 lateral plates, a robust levator crest in the hyomandibula, naked areas in the abdomen, an unpigmented circular blotch on the median portion of the lower lobe, and by several features related to sexual dimorphism. In addition, Otothyropsis is re- diagnosed and its phylogenetic relationships are discussed based on its present diversity. Otothyropsis piribebuy, espécie nueva, es descrita del río Piribebuy, cuenca del río Paraguay, Departamento de Cordillera, en Paraguay. La espécie nueva es diferenciada de O. marapoama principalmente por presentar una serie continua de 17 a 18 placas laterales médio-dorsales, cresta levator robusta en la hiomandíbula, abdomen con áreas desnudas, ausencia de pigmentación en la región media del lóbulo inferior con formato circular, y por la presencia de diversas características de dimorfismo sexual. Adicionalmente, es presentada una rediagnosis para Otothyropsis, discutida sus relaciones filogenéticas y su actual diversidad. Key words: Cascudinho, Catfish, Neotropical, Systematics, Teleostei. Introduction snout (vs. enlarged odontodes only on the dorsal snout margin), by the absence of conspicuous crests of enlarged Otothyropsis Ribeiro, Carvalho & Melo, 2005 is a odontodes on the supraoccipital and compound pterotics in monotypic genus if Hypoptopomatinae, a loricariid subfamily adults, and by having the abdomen completely covered by that includes about 126 species (Eschemeyer & Fong, 2011) dermal plates in adults. Ribeiro et al. (2005) described distributed in 19 genera. The hypoptopomatine cascudinhos Otothyropsis based on three non-exclusive autapomorphies: are small fishes with a wide distribution along the cis-Andean possession of a single median rostral plate (char. 34); river drainages from Venezuela to northeastern Argentina possession of enlarged odontodes on the dorsal and ventral (Schaefer, 2003). Otothyropsis and its type species O. margins of the snout (char. 39), and presence of an iris marapoama were described by Ribeiro et al. (2005), who also operculum (char. 42). included the species in the phylogenetic scheme of Schaefer During the last years we discovered four hypoptopomatine (1998). Ribeiro et al. (2005) recovered Otothyropsis as the species, both in Brazil and Paraguay, with some degree of sister-group to the clade Pseudotothyris plus Otothyris based similarity and that partially fit the description of Otothyropsis. on the following shared characters: elongated posterior With the objective of testing these similarities and resolving extension of the compound pterotic, which forms the dorsal a correct generic allocation for these species we conducted a margin of an augmented lateral opening of the swimbladder phylogenetic re-analysis of the Hypoptopomatinae based on capsule (char. 8 of Schaefer, 1998); supraoccipital bone the data matrix of Schaefer (1998) with the modifications forming the dorsal wall of the swimbladder capsule (char. 12), introduced by Ribeiro et al. (2005). Based on this re-analysis and the possession of enlarged odontodes on the snout we describe one of these taxa recently collected in the rio margin (char. 39). Otothyropsis marapoama, however, is Paraguay basin as a new species of Otothyropsis, re-diagnose distinguished from Pseudotothyris and Otothyris by having the genus Otothyropsis and discuss its phylogenetic enlarged odontodes on the ventral and dorsal margins of the relationships. 1Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. [email protected] 253 254 A new species of Otothyropsis from the río Paraguay Material and Methods rostral plate with a posterior notch on the area of articulation with the mesethmoid (state 1). Character 43: esophageal Measurements were obtained with digital calipers under a diverticulum is absent (state 0). Character 45: males of O. steromicroscope on the left side of specimens. Counts of rays marapoama posses an expanded fleshy flap on the dorsal and dentary and premaxillary teeth were also performed under margin of the first pelvic-fin ray (state 0). the scope. Morphometric measures were treated as percents of In addition to the characters of Schaefer (1998) and Ribeiro the standard length (SL), except for subunits of the cephalic et al. (2005), we included the following one, numbered as region, treated as percents of the head length (HL). Vertebral character 47: extension of the sutures between neural spines. counts consider all vertebral centra, including the five centra The neural spines between the dorsal-fin skeleton and the modified into the Weberian Apparatus and the caudal complex caudal fin of most hypoptopomines are sutured to each other centrum (PU1 + U1) was counted as a single element. The from near the vertebral centra to approximately half the length osteological examination was conducted in specimens cleared of the neural spine (state 0). In the derived condition, found and stained according to the technique proposed by Taylor & in Otothyropsis marapoama, O. piribebuy and the van Dyke (1985). Dermal plate counts followed the method and Otothyropsis sp. 3, the contiguous neural spines are sutured terminology proposed by Schaefer (1997), and the morphometric to each other from near the vertebral centra to or almost to measurements are those described by Pereira et al. (2007). their distal tips (Fig. 1; state 1). Hisonotus was found to be Additional measurements are: pre-pelvic length (from the snout polymorphic to this character and was coded as missing (?). tip to the pelvic-fin origin), dorsal-fin base length (from the We followed Schaefer (1998) in considering the characters dorsal-fin origin to the end of the dorsal-fin base), internareal 13, 24, 39, and 43 as additive. Contrary to Schaefer (1998), distance (horizontally between the inner margins of the posterior however, who used Neoplecostomus as the root, we rooted the nares), and pre-nasal length (from the snout tip to the anterior trees in the compound outgroup LAH (Ancistrinae, margin of the anterior naris). Hypostominae, and Loricariinae of Schaefer, 1998), because For the phylogenetic analysis we used the 46-character we have strong evidence from Lehmann (2006) and Pereira data matrix of Schaefer (1998) with the added characters 48 (2008) that the Neoplecostominae represent the sister group to and 49 of Ribeiro et al. (2005). Thus, characters and character the Hypoptopomatinae. The phylogenetic analysis was states mentioned in the text are those of Schaefer (1998) and performed with the software NONA 2.0 (Goloboff, 1999) on the Ribeiro et al. (2005), except when modifications were Windows shell Winclada (Nixon, 1999). We used heuristic search introduced, as described below (Table 1). The character 47 of with 1,000 replications of Random Addition Sequence (RAS) Ribeiro et al. (2005) was excluded from our analyses because and branch swapping with Tree Bissection and Reconnection a large intraspecific variation was detected, precluding the (TBR) plus a final round of TBR. Results are presented as a identification of the fenestrae distribution pattern on the strict consensus tree. Institutional abbreviations include: compound pterotic. In addition, the original codification of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Ribeiro et al. (2005) for character states of Otothyropsis (ANSP); Colección Boliviana de Fauna del Museo Nacional de marapoama was changed as described below. Character 17: Historia Natural, Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, La a subopercular plate between the opercle and the canal- Paz (CBF); Coleção Zoológica de la Facultad de Ciencias bearing plate is present in O. marapoama (state 0). Ribeiro et Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, al. (2005) coded O. marapoama as absent for the subopercular Asunción (CZCEN); Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, plate (state 1), because they termed that plate as the canal Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, plate 2. Character 29: the pectoral-fin spine possesses a fine Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (LIRP); Museo de serration on the median portion of its posterior margin (state Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ, Ministerio del Poder Popular 1). Character 32: the mid-dorsal series of lateral plates is para Ciencia y Tecnología, Portuguesa (MCNG); Museu de truncated, ending midway between the dorsal and the caudal Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio fin (state 1). Character 33: the median series of lateral plates is Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCP); Museu de Zoologia da truncated posteriorly, and the last three plates of the dorsal Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (MZUSP); Departamento and ventral series of lateral plates contact each other on the de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto lateral midline
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