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Perbandingan Gaya Kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping Dengan Xi Jinping Dalam Membentuk Format Ekonomi Dan Politik Di Cina

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Perbandingan Gaya Kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping Dengan Xi Jinping Dalam Membentuk Format Ekonomi Dan Politik Di Cina PERBANDINGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENG XIAOPING DENGAN XI JINPING DALAM MEMBENTUK FORMAT EKONOMI DAN POLITIK DI CINA Skripsi DAMELIS PRATIWI.S 100906095 Dosen Pembimbing: Warjio, MA, Ph.D DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK FALKUTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014 Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FALKUTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK DAMELIS PRATIWI. S PERBANDINGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENG XIAOPING DAN XI JINPING DALAM MEMBENTUK FORMAT EKONOMI DAN POLITIK DI CINA Rincian isi Skripsi: 113 halaman, 2 tabel, 25 buku, 4 jurnal dan 3 e-journal, 27 situs internet, dan 1 dokumen. (kisaran buku dari tahun 1974 - 2011) ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi mengenai gaya kepemimpinan dari dua orang pemimpin terkemuka dari Cina, yaitu Deng Xiaoping dan Xi Jinping, yang kemudian akan menganalisisnya untuk menemukan perbandingan gaya kepemimpinan dari kedua tokoh tersebut. Kepemimpinan merupakan salah satu hal terpenting dalam setiap organisasi karena akan berdampak pada kelangsungan organisasi. Deng merupakan sosok pemimpin Cina yang berhasil membebaskan Cina dari kemiskinan melalui sistem kapitalis yang diberlakukannya. Walaupun Deng memasukan sistem kapitalis tersebut, Deng tetap mempertahankan stabilitas politik Cina dengan sistem komunismenya. Sementara itu, Xi Jinping merupakan presiden Cina pada saat ini yang justru menghidupkan kembali sistem maoist yang telah dihapus oleh Deng Xiaoping pada masa kepemimpinannya. Xi sengaja mengembalikan kepemimpinan personal seperti pada masa Mao Zedong dengan menghapuskan kepemimpinan kolektif. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan tersebut adalah teori kepemimpinan dari Veithzal Rivai, Sondang Siagian, dan Sutarto. Pendapat yang dikemukan oleh tokoh-tokoh tersebut khususnya mengenai kepemimpinan digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mendeskripsikan gaya kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping dan Xi Jinping. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan yang nantinya berguna untuk menggambarkan perbandingan dari gaya kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping dan Xi Jinping. Adapun kesimpulan dari gaya kepemimpinan kedua tokoh tersebut adalah keduanya menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan otokratik, dimana gaya kepemimpinan tersebut digunakan pada negara komunis. Kata kunci: Perbandingan, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Pemimpin Cina. Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTEMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE DAMELIS PRATIWI. S COMPARISON OF LEADERSHIP STYLE DENG XIAOPING AND XI JINPING TO FORM FORMAT OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICS IN CHINA Content: 113 pages, 2 tables, 25 books, 3 journal and 4 e-journal, 27 website, and one document. (publication from 1974 - 2011) ABSTRACT This study tries to explore the style of leadership of the two prominent leaders of China, namely Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping, which will then analyze it to find a comparison of the leadership style of the two men. Leadership is one of the most important things in any organization because it will have an impact on the survival of the organization. Deng is a Chinese leader figure who managed to liberate China from poverty through the implementation of the capitalist system. Although Deng entering the capitalist system, Deng still maintaining political stability of China to communism system. Meanwhile, the president of China Xi Jinping at the moment that actually reviving Maoist system that has been removed by Deng Xiaoping in his tenure. Xi accidentally restore personal leadership as in the days of Mao Zedong to eliminate collective leadership. The theory is used to explain the problems is the theory of leadership of Veithzal Rivai, Sondang Siagian, and Sutarto. Opinions are raised by these figures, especially regarding leadership is used as a reference in describing the leadership style of Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. This is a qualitative study using the method of comparison that would be useful to describe the ratio of Deng Xiaoping's leadership style and Xi Jinping. The conclusions of the two men's leadership style is both apply autocratic leadership style, where the leadership styles used in the communist country. Keywords: Comparison, Leadership Style, Leader of China. Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FALKUTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK Halaman Pesetujuan Skripsi ini disetujui untuk dipertahankan dan diperbanyak oleh Nama : Damelis Pratiwi. S NIM : 100906095 Departemen : Ilmu Politik Judul : Perbandingan Gaya Kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping dan Xi Jinping dalam Membentuk Format Ekonomi dan Politik di Cina Menyetujui: Ketua Departemen Ilmu Politik, Dosen Pembimbing, (Dra. T Irmayani, M.Si) (Warjio, MA, Ph.D) NIP.196806301994032001 NIP.197408062006041003 Mengetahui Dekan FISIP USU, (Prof. Dr. Badaruddin, M.Si) NIP.196805251992031002 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI Lembar Persetujuan ................................................................................ i Lembar Pengesahan ................................................................................ ii Abstrak ..................................................................................................... iii Abstract .................................................................................................... iv Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................ v Daftar Isi .................................................................................................. vii Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................. ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH ............................................. 1 1.2. PERUMUSAN MASALAH ........................................................ 12 1.3. PEMBATASAN MASALAH...................................................... 13 1.4. TUJUAN PENELITIAN ............................................................. 14 1.5. MANFAAT PENELITIAN ......................................................... 14 1.6. KERANGKA TEORI 1.6.1. Teori Perbandingan Politik ................................................ 15 1.6.2. Teori Kepemimpinan......................................................... 17 1.6.3. Tipologi Kepemimpinan .................................................... 17 1.6.4. Fungsi-Fungsi Kepemimpinan ........................................... 21 1.6.5. Gaya Kepemimpinan ......................................................... 22 1.7. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 1.7.1. Metode Penelitian ............................................................. 27 1.7.2. Jenis Penelitian.................................................................. 28 1.7.3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................ 29 1.7.4. Teknik Analisa Data .......................................................... 29 1.8. SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN .................................................... 31 Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB II BIOGRAFI DENG XIAOPING DAN XI JINPING 2.1. DENG XIAOPING 2.1.1. Keluarga Deng Xiaoping ................................................... 33 2.1.2. Pendidikan Deng Xiaoping ................................................ 35 2.1.3. Karir Deng Xiaoping ......................................................... 38 2.2. XI JINPING 2.2.1. Keluarga Xi Jinping .......................................................... 45 2.2.2. Pendidikan Xi Jinping ....................................................... 48 2.2.3. Karir Xi Jinping ................................................................ 49 BAB III PERBANDINGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENG XIAOPING DAN XI JINPING 3.1. GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENG XIAOPING 3.1.1. Visi dan Strategi Deng Xiaoping ....................................... 59 3.1.2. Kebijakan Deng Xiaoping ................................................. 63 3.1.3. Gaya Kepemimpinan Deng Xiaoping ................................ 70 3.2. GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN XI JINPING 3.2.1. Visi dan Strategi Xi Jinping ............................................... 77 3.2.2. Kebijakan Xi Jinping ......................................................... 83 3.2.3. Gaya Kepemimpinan Xi Jinping ........................................ 86 3.3. PERBANDINGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENG XIAOPING DAN XI JINPING ....................................................................... 90 BAB IV PENUTUP 4.1.Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 100 4.2.Implikasi Teoritis ........................................................................... 104 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 108 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR TABEL Daftar Tabel Halaman Tabel 2.1 Data Karir Xi Jinping sejak tahun 1969-sekarang ..................... 52 Tabel 3.1 Perbandingan Pola Perilaku Deng Xiaoping dan Xi Jinping dalam Gaya Kepemimpinan Otokratik menurut Sutarto ............ 98 Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH Dalam lingkungan masyarakat atau dalam suatu kelompok (organisasi formal maupun informal) selalu ada seseorang yang bersikap lebih menonjol daripada yang lainnya.Umumnya mereka bersifat lebih mengatur orang-orang yang ada dalam lingkungan atau kelompok tersebut.Orang tersebut biasanya disebut dengan pemimpin.Seorang pemimpin biasanya memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik atau yang lebih unggul daripada orang-orang yang ada disekitarnya, sehingga dia dianggap pantas untuk memimpin suatu kelompok atau perkumpulan tersebut. Dalam
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