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Wet Scrubber Application Guide

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Wet Scrubber Application Guide Wet Scrubber Application Guide Impingement Plate Scrubbers Venturi Scrubbers Eductor Venturi Scrubbers Three Types of Wet Scrubbers To Remove Vapors, Gases and Particulate Impinjet® Impingement Plate Scrubbers The Sly Impinjet scrubber collects particu- lates, and absorbs vapors, and gases. High collection efficiencies, (99+%), can be achieved with low water consumption and minimum pressure drop. Venturi Scrubbers for Fine Particulates The Sly Venturi scrubber offers more Venturi Scrubber advantages in separating and recovering ultra-fine particulates and liquid mists than other gas cleaning methods. Eductor Venturi Scrubbers Eductor scrubbers are designed to remove soluble gases and particulate by inducing a gas flow using high pressure liquid focused into a venturi throat. Eductor Venturi Scrubber Impinjet ® Scrubber Basic Criteria for Sizing A Wet Scrubber The first step is to Example: absorption the following determine which type of 10,000 ACFM @ 450°F information is important: Sly scrubber to select. containing 0.15# H2O/# - gas volume The nature of the pollutant dry air - process description or contaminant will The chart shows a - temperature determine if the Venturi, correction factor of 0.75. Inlet - particle size Impinjet, or combination volume x correction factor = - moisture content scrubber system is best outlet volume or 10,000 x 0.75 - type of contaminant suited for your application. = 7500 ACFM. The scrubber For assistance in under- Sizing the scrubber is would be sized for this standing your problem, call the next step. The factors saturated outlet volume. your local representative or affecting sizing are gas flow For Impinjet scrubbers, Sly at 1-800-334-2957. rate, temperature, pressure, the maximum capacity is gas composition, humidity, based on shell velocity of contaminant loading and 500 feet per minute. Dividing VOLUME CORRECTION CHART desired outlet conditions. the corrected or saturated 1000˚ 2000˚ Also, the availability of an volume by 500 yields the 1250˚ .40 1500˚ 750˚ 500˚ appropriate scrubbing overall tower cross-sectional 450˚ .35 350˚ 250˚ liquid is an important area from which the diameter 225˚ 175˚ 200˚ consideration. can be determined. .30 0/#DRY AIR 0/#DRY Gas streams entering 2 a wet scrubber may or Example (continued): .25 7500 ft3/min = 15 ft2 may not be fully saturated, .20 however they will exit the 500 ft/min 2 2 scrubber fully saturated. Area = 15 ft = πD .15 ˚ This process of saturation 4 .10 150 results in a change in D=diameter ˚ 125 volume, temperature Diameter = 4.37 ft .05 INLET MOISTURE, #H and density. The calculated diameter The overall scrubber becomes the reference point .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 1.00 size (diameter) is a for equipment selection. VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR function of velocity of (Refer to specific product saturated gas through the bulletin.) scrubber shell. By knowing The approximate PARTICULATE COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES the moisture content of a particulate and/or mist 100 30' ∆P VENTURI gas stream (generally efficiencies for Venturis and 20' ∆P VENTURI expressed as pounds of Impinjet scrubbers can be water per pound of dry gas) determined by the efficiency ® ® and the inlet temperature; chart on the right. 95 2–STAGE IMPINJET the saturation temperature To determine the number GE IMPINJET 1–STA and saturated volume of Impinjet stages required content can be calculated. for the absorption of gases The volume correction such as acids, requires a 90 chart at the right can be complex calculation with too used for a close approxima- many variables to use a EXPECTED EFFICIENCY % tion of the change in simple chart. However, for gas volume. either particulate or 85 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 PARTICLE SIZE, (MICRONS) 1 Impinjet® Scrubbers Collect Particulates & Absorb Vapors and Gases Rugged and uncompli- 4.) Both particle condensing and for heat Intimate gas/liquid cated in design, Impinjet collection and recovery, our designs can contact results in the Scrubbers can realize absorption of gases, accommodate high maximum collection efficiencies in excess of vapors, etc. can be hydraulic loadings. efficiency for particles and 99% on many types of done at the same time. Operating Principles droplets as well as dust or gases. Capacities 5.) Multiple stages can absorption (mass transfer) The gas passes up range from 500 to over be provided. of gases and vapors. When through the openings in 100,000 CFM. Depending 6.) No moving parts used for absorption, low the perforated plates (trays) upon application, water to maintain. outlet emissions can be which hold a bed of liquid. requirements vary from 7.) Extensive experience achieved by virtue of the The secret is in the less than 1-1/2 GPM per with many applications scrubber’s countercurrent scrubber’s design which 1,000 ACFM to a typical available. operation. The Sly uses an impingement baffle 3 GPM per 1,000 ACFM. 8.) Needs less scrubbing Impinjet Gas Scrubber is above each individual hole. Unique flexibility is fluid than most other able to reduce gaseous The tiny droplets, furnished by Impinjet scrubbers. pollutants to any desired created by the wetted Scrubbers. Made with the 9.) Can handle high concentration if a baffles, are the heart of future in mind, additional temperatures and sufficient number of plate the collection process. stages can be added to temperature stages is used. Gas velocities of 60 to existing installations to fluctuations. See data sheet for 75 feet/second through the improve efficiency to handle technical details. Cooling and holes result in thousands of tomorrow’s requirements– Condensing jets which atomize the without increasing liquid The outlet gas can be liquid into droplets on the consumption. There is no cooled to less than 5°F order of 100 microns in need to buy complete above the temperature of diameter to clean the new units. the incoming liquid. Often contaminated gas. This Benefits solvents such as alcohols, entraps the particles in the 1.) High absorption pentane, hexane, acetone, scrubbing liquid. Each jet efficiency for gases ethylene glycol, chloro- aspirates liquid from the and vapors. Experts form, etc. are recovered blanket of scrubbing fluid agree that plate towers from inert gas streams and results in a wetted have the ability to such as nitrogen or carbon target surface on the baffle remove gaseous pollu- dioxide. Chilled solvent is which is located just above tants to any desired used as direct contact the point of maximum concentration if a suf- condensing liquid and velocity (vena contracta). ficient number of removes the heat from the In operation, the plates are used. This gas stream as it gains heat. scrubber is highly means high mass Scrubbers also recover pluggage-resistant. The transfer rates can be waste heat. Heat from continuous violent achieved. dryers and other processes agitation of the blanket of 2.) 98+% collection that would normally be scrubbing fluid prevents efficiency for particles exhausted can be used to settling of particles and 5 microns in size heat water being fed to the flushes them away. or larger. scrubber almost to the wet 3.) These high efficiencies bulb temperature of the are achieved at a low inlet gas. For cooling and pressure drop. 2 Venturi Effect results in turbulent interaction of liquid and particulate-laden gas flowing through perforated plate and striking the wetted impingement baffle grid. (Each hole has an individual impingement surface.) Minute liquid droplets are formed which entrap suspended matter in gas. Particulate carrying droplets mix with water flowing across baffles for ultimate disposal through the drain. Cleaned gas passes through the mist eliminator for return to process or atmosphere. 1.) Scrubber Outlet 2.) Fixed Blade Mist Eliminator - assures droplet-free air to process or atmosphere. 3.) Impingement Baffle Plates - 5.) Liquid Supply and Weir create interaction of (dam) - adjustable weir gas stream and liquid. provides uniform liquid Additional plates (trays, flow to plates. stages) provide increased 6.) Spray Section - for efficiency. cooling and entrapment 4.) Plate Discharge and Seal of larger particles. Drain - directs slurry to Spray washes under bottom of scrubber for side of plate and walls removal. Non-clogging seal to prevent material prevents short circuiting build-up. Sprays are of gas. non-clogging. 7.) Gas Inlet 3 Venturi Scrubbers Collect Ultrafine Particles and Mists The Venturi Scrubber energy costs is an Benefits Operating Principles uses the differential adjustable pressure drop This Sly scrubbing The incoming gas is between high velocity provision and energy system brings together accelerated to a high gases and free-flowing regain feature which virtually all the features velocity at the scrubber’s water to create droplets combine to reduce power you should insist upon for throat where it comes into which entrap contami- consumption and your application: contact with the scrubbing nants, hold them in operating costs. 1.) Simple, easily adjust- liquid. The liquid is suspension and deliver The Sly Venturi able throat permits atomized into fine droplets them as a highly concen- Scrubber serves industry in setting pressure for which entrap the particu- trated slurry. The Sly several ways. It removes maximum efficiency. late with high collection Venturi Scrubber offers pollutants present in Can be fine-tuned to efficiency. more advantages in process gas streams. This application while Downstream from the separating and recovering includes removing scrubber is running. throat, the cleaned gas liquid mists and ultra-fine hazardous and nuisance Throat damper blades decelerates and the particulate than other gas dusts, fumes and mists are readily replaceable. particulate-laden droplets cleaning methods. from stack gases. Cleaning 2.) Variable-spin damper in collide and agglomerate. Simple in design, yet process gas streams to separator maintains The large, heavy, agglom- highly efficient, this Sly remove oils, dusts and proper velocity for erated droplets are driven Venturi Scrubber incorpo- other particulate, this collection of fine into the flooded elbow for rates features calculated scrubber offers industry an droplets.
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