MEET at the MOUNDS an Economic, Health, and Environmental Benefits Analysis 2 04 INTRODUCTION

MOUNDS GREENWAY

MEET AT THE MOUNDS An Economic, Health, and Environmental Benefits Analysis 2 04 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IT WILL 06 CONNECT

WHO LIVES NEAR 08 THE GREENWAY

METHODS AND 10 LIMITATIONS

HEALTH 12 BENEFITS

ENVIRONMENTAL 16 BENEFITS

BENEFITS TRANSPORT 20 BENEFITS

ECONOMIC 24 BENEFITS

30 SOURCES

3 MUNCIE WHITE RIVER GREENWAY PROPOSED C 32 A GREENWAY R D I N A CORRIDOR 69 L

with trail route to be G YORKTOWN R 9 E determined E N W

A Y

WHITE RIVER TRAIL DALEVILLE

32 67 CHESTERFIELD ANDERSON

Mounds State Park

4 MUNCIE WHITE RIVER GREENWAY PROPOSED C 32 A GREENWAY R D I N A CORRIDOR 69 L with trail route to be G YORKTOWN R 9 E determined E N W

A Y

WHITE RIVER TRAIL DALEVILLE

32 67 CHESTERFIELD ANDERSON

Mounds State Park Constructing the 69 MOUNDS GREENWAY will connect the East Central Indiana a system of parks along the White 9 communities of Blackford County, River, serving as the “missing link” in a Delaware County, Henry County, Jay 149-mile regional trail network across County, and Madison County, providing East Central Indiana. residents and visitors a fun, healthy way The full build-out of the Mounds to experience the culture and natural Greenway will impact a variety of health, beauty of the region. environmental, economic, and trans- Envisioned as a quality of life amenity portation factors that directly affect the and planned as a tool for land and river lives of East Central Indiana residents conservation, the greenway will create and visitors. Quantifying these factors new opportunities for outdoor recreation and understanding the magnitude of and sustainable economic growth. From their impact on the region enables a Muncie to Anderson, the greenway will more informed discussion on whether extend over 17 miles connecting city and how best to invest in the greenway centers, schools, and universities through and trail network.

5 What will it CONNECT?

6 Anderson

Chesterfield

CITIES & Daleville TOWNS Yorktown

Muncie

Anderson University

Ball State University

UNIVERSITIES Ivy Tech Community College

Purdue Polytechnic Institute

White River Greenway (Muncie)

Cardinal Greenway

Rangeline Nature Preserve TRAILS Mountain Bike Trail

White River Trail (Anderson)

Rangeline Nature Preserve

Mounds State Park

Walbridge Acres Park PA R KS David Shellabarger Park

Morrow’s Meadow

7 MUNCIE WHITE RIVER GREENWAY PROPOSED C 32 A GREENWAY R D I N A CORRIDOR 69 L

with trail route to be G YORKTOWN R 9 E determined E N W

A Y

WHITE RIVER TRAIL DALEVILLE

32 67 CHESTERFIELD ANDERSON

Mounds State Park 69

8 MUNCIE WHITE RIVER GREENWAY PROPOSED C 32 A GREENWAY R D I N A CORRIDOR 69 L with trail route to be G YORKTOWN R 9 E determined E N W

A Y

WHITE RIVER 76,186 TRAIL DALEVILLE

32 67 CHESTERFIELD 29,468 ANDERSON 20,064 13,063 14,471 5,814 2,394 3,760 Mounds State Park SENIORS CHILDREN EMPLOYED TOTAL 69 WITHIN 3 MILES OF MOUNDS GREENWAY [15-MINUTE BIKE RIDE]

WITHIN 0.5 MILE OF MOUNDS GREENWAY [10-MINUTE WALK] 9

Who lives near the Greenway

While the construction of the Mounds 3 miles of the greenway (about a 15 Greenway will benefit all residents of and minute bike ride)2 and the walking study visitors to the region by closing a large area was limited to those within 0.5 mile gap between the popular White River (about a 10 minute walk).3 However, it is Trail and the Cardinal Greenway, a review important to note that the greenway will of existing trails within Indiana found that serve as an amenity for the entire region, the most frequent users generally live and that the creation of a regional in close proximity of the trail.1 Because network, while difficult to model, greatly of this, the bicycling study area of this expands access to trail and park facilities analysis was limited to those living within for all East Central Indiana residents.

9 WINONA COUNTY PORTAGE COUNTY WASHTENAW COUNTY

INGHAM COUNTY

ST. JOSEPH COUNTY

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

STUDY AREA

LEE COUNTY

Method The benefits analysis uses a standard secondary research incorporated into methodology for calculating health, the benefits analysis, it is impossible to environmental, economic, and transpor- accurately predict the exact impacts of tation-related benefits. All projections various factors. Accordingly, all estimated are based on the most recent five-year benefit values are rounded and should be estimates from the American Community considered order of magnitude estimates, Survey (ACS), which are then extrapolated rather than exact amounts. Additionally, through the use of over 50 multipliers many of these studies on which the derived from various studies and peer- multipliers are based focus on urban reviewed journal articles around the U.S. areas rather than suburban or rural areas and quantified in terms of monetary value like East Central Indiana. In some cases, where appropriate. this may result in the overestimation of benefits, and efforts were made to select the most conservative estimates where Limitations appropriate. Finally, it is important to note The primary purpose of the analysis the possibility of a future downstream is to enable a more informed discus- extension of the greenway to Indianapolis. sion on whether and how best to invest Such an extension, if implemented, would in a greenway network in East Central represent a significant expansion in the Indiana. Even with extensive primary and benefits described in this analysis.

10 How East Central Indiana Compares

How will a fully-constructed trail network designation.4 In addition, Ingham County change the way residents and visitors and Washtenaw County received an experience East Central Indiana? To honorable mention and gold level Walk better understand the shift in travel Friendly Community award designation, behavior, we looked at transportation respectively. Only recently (May 2016) patterns in counties similar to East Central has an East Central Indiana community Indiana but with more advanced bicycle received a bicycle-friendly award, with and pedestrian networks. These “aspi- Muncie receiving Bronze status from the rational counties” were selected based American League of Bicyclists.5 on proximity to the study area as well as The designation of a locale as a Bicycle similarities in the design of their roadway or Walk Friendly Community represents networks, climates, terrain, population a significant investment in improving size, demographics, and proximity the bicycling and walking environment. to universities. Because of this, residents in the seven Based on these criteria, Lee County aspirational counties were more likely to (AL), Champaign County (IL), St. Joseph bicycle or walk compared to residents County (IN), Ingham County (MI), in East Central Indiana. Currently, only Washtenaw County (MI), Winona County 0.6 percent of the East Central Indiana (MN), and Portage County (WI) were population bike to work compared to an selected as aspirational counties. All of average of 1.7 percent in the aspirational the selected aspirational counties were counties, and 3.8 percent of people walk home to cities that received at least the to work in East Central Indiana compared League of American Bicyclist’s bronze to an average of 5.5 percent among the level Bicycle Friendly Community© award aspirational counties.6

EAST CENTRAL 3.8% INDIANA 0.6%

50 LARGEST 3.8% US CITIES 1.1%

ASPIRATIONAL 5.5% COUNTIES 1.7%

11 H EALTH

BEFORE

The health and wellness of East Central Indiana residents is tightly linked to their access to places to recreate. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, only 18 percent of East The construction Central Indiana residents have access to a of a well-designed, park, playground, garden, fitness center, connected greenway trail, or other place for physical activity,7 across East Central which has contributed to an environment in which 30 percent of adults had not Indiana will provide exercised within the past month.8 residents with increased Insufficient access to recreational facili- access to recreational ties and lack of physical activity has led facilities and encourage to high rates of obesity, diabetes, and greater levels of hypertension within the region and has physical activity. put a strain on residents’ healthcare costs. Roughly one-third of the region’s adults are obese and another one-third are considered overweight by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, helping place Indiana in the bottom ten states in the country.9 The rate of diabetes has doubled in Indiana over the last 20 years,

12 AFTER

with 9 percent of East Central Indiana Fortunately, some of these health issues adults diagnosed with the disease and are avoidable. The construction of a approximately 39 people dying from well-designed, connected greenway diabetes-related complications in the across East Central Indiana will provide region each year.10 Additionally, 1.25 residents with increased access to recre- million Hoosier adults are at risk for ational facilities and encourage greater heart attack, stroke, and aneurysm levels of physical activity. In a survey of because of high rates of hypertension trail users in Indiana, 70 percent of people (high blood pressure). living next to a trail reported exercising more because of their proximity to the These high rates of obesity, diabetes, and trail and 92 percent of people said that hypertension, in addition to mental health the trail made them like their city more.15 issues,11 have contributed to increased A growing body of literature links parks healthcare costs for East Central Indiana and trails to increased physical activity, residents. According to the Dartmouth lowered risk of chronic diseases, greater Atlas of Health Care, the region spends weight management,16 increased mental approximately $9,800 per person in fitness,17 the reversal of Type II diabetes,18 healthcare-related expenses.12 Because and decreased healthcare costs.19 It is of the high cost of healthcare, 17 percent estimated that construction of the Mounds of East Central Indiana residents report Greenway would result in over 1.8 million avoiding visits to the doctor, allowing more miles walked and biked, contrib- small health issues to snowball into major ute to over 200,000 additional hours of health issues13 (there were an estimated physical activity, and save East Central 20,000 preventable hospital stays within Indiana residents over $300,000 in health- the region in 2013).14 care costs per year.

13 H EALTH

WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

% That’s the 30 equivalent of OF EAST CENTRAL 1,721,000 688,000 laps INDIANA RESIDENTS around the Indy DON’T EXERCISE MORE MILES BIKED PER YEAR Motor Speedway REGULARLY 20

murmur or think at INDIANA HAS THE some point, ‘If this

isn’t nice, I don’t HIGHEST th OBESITY RATE IN know what is. 22 7 THE COUNTRY – KURT VONNEGUT, $ INDIANAPOLIS NATIVE 309,000 AND AUTHOR 25 IN HEALTHCARE COST That’s the equivalent of 15 years of 82% SAVINGS PER YEAR Muncie Mini Marathon entrance fees OF EAST CENTRAL INDIANA RESIDENTS DON’T HAVE ACCESS TO RECREATION That’s the FACILITIES 23 223,000 equivalent of 29,000 Indiana Pacers games ADDITIONAL HOURS DIABETES HAS OF EXERCISE PER YEAR DOUBLED AMONG HOOSIERS OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS 24

14 WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

% That’s the 30 equivalent of OF EAST CENTRAL 1,721,000 688,000 laps INDIANA RESIDENTS around the Indy DON’T EXERCISE MORE MILES BIKED PER YEAR Motor Speedway REGULARLY 20

I urge you to % That’s the 17 equivalent of please notice when OF EAST CENTRAL 151,000 INDIANA RESIDENTS 1,000 trips you are happy, ARE UNINSURED 21 MORE MILES WALKED PER YEAR across the state and exclaim or murmur or think at INDIANA HAS THE some point, ‘If this isn’t nice, I don’t HIGHEST th OBESITY RATE IN know what is. 22 7 THE COUNTRY – KURT VONNEGUT, $ INDIANAPOLIS NATIVE 309,000 AND AUTHOR 25 IN HEALTHCARE COST That’s the equivalent of 15 years of 82% SAVINGS PER YEAR Muncie Mini Marathon entrance fees OF EAST CENTRAL INDIANA RESIDENTS DON’T HAVE ACCESS TO RECREATION That’s the FACILITIES 23 223,000 equivalent of 29,000 Indiana Pacers games ADDITIONAL HOURS DIABETES HAS OF EXERCISE PER YEAR DOUBLED AMONG HOOSIERS OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS 24

15 ENVIRONMENT

BEFORE

Climate

The creation of a 2,300-acre linear park A 25 percent reduction in particulate along the White River will help reduce matter alone would prevent 55 fatalities negative health outcomes associated with among East Central Indiana residents, air pollution and our changing climate. according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.31 Air pollution can intensify existing chronic health conditions and can contribute to Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from severe health conditions in children and single-occupant motor vehicle trips also pregnant women.26 Currently, 85 percent contribute to hotter and more frequent of employed residents within the study heat waves.32 If Indiana’s emissions area drive alone to work, contributing to rate continues to grow, the Centers for Indiana being one of six states violating Disease Control and Prevention estimate the federal government’s annual fine that East Central Indiana residents will particulate matter standard and one of have to endure 27 extreme heat days 27 states violating the federal govern- by 2050.33 Construction of the Mounds ment’s eight-hour ozone standard.27 Greenway would help divert over 5 Fine particulate matter and ozone have million pounds of greenhouse gases and been implicated as factors that contrib- criteria pollutants per year, helping to ute to asthma.28 Indiana has the 11th curb air pollution and reduce the most highest adult prevalence of asthma in the extreme impacts of climate change, such country, 29 and one-tenth of children in the as sustained heat waves. 30 state have been diagnosed with asthma.

16 AFTER

Conservation

Currently, there are limited standards Conservation of the riparian corridor in place to protect the watershed and along the West Fork of the White River natural habitats surrounding the West for the Mounds Greenway will help to Fork of the White River.34 Among the river prevent future development along the valley’s treasured resources are priceless floodplain, ensure that nearly 2,000 acres prehistoric sites such as the Adena and of high-quality bottomland hardwood Hopewell earthworks in Mounds State forest and wetlands remain in a natural Park. The Great Mound, the largest state, protect vital fish and wildlife and best preserved of the ten mounds habitats,36 and keep the White River identified within the park boundaries, free-flowing. The Mounds Greenway will was believed to have been built around also help protect the integrity of Mounds 250 BC and served as a ceremonial site State Park which preserves the Adena and and burial ground. Orientation of the Hopewell Mounds for future generations. Great Mound and its smaller surround- FEMA estimates that over 5,000 homes ing mounds mark the winter and summer in East Central Indiana are vulnerable to solstice, and during the spring and fall floods,37 and the conservation of flood- equinox, the sun rises directly in line with plains along the White River will help one of the smaller mounds’ gateway. prevent the number of vulnerable homes Many of the historic mounds found in East from increasing under future housing Central Indiana were destroyed as land development pressure. This floodplain was cleared for agriculture during the preservation is estimated to save the 19th and 20th centuries, and protection of region over $8 million per year in storm- the earth structures within Mounds State water and flood reduction costs. Park is attributed to the original property owners’ refusal to plow the mounds and their defense against looters.35 17 ENVIRONMENT

WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT 14% $8,349,000 OF HOOSIERS HAVE IN STORMWATER AND FLOOD BEEN DIAGNOSED REDUCTION COST SAVINGS PER YEAR WITH ASTHMA 38

In every walk with nature one receives far more THERE WILL BE than he seeks. EXTREME HEAT DAYS IN DIVERTED LBS – JOHN MUIR, ONE TIME 27 5,135,000 OF EMISSIONS INDIANAPOLIS RESIDENT, IN EAST CENTRAL PER YEAR FAMED NATURALIST, INDIANA PER YEAR AUTHOR, AND SIERRA BY 2050 39 CLUB FOUNDER 41 5,000 EAST CENTRAL PRESERVE INDIANA HOMES ARE PRICELESS PRE-HISTORIC VULNERABLE TO FLOODS 40 SITES, OPEN SPACES, AND WILDLIFE HABITATS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

18 WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT 14% $8,349,000 OF HOOSIERS HAVE IN STORMWATER AND FLOOD BEEN DIAGNOSED REDUCTION COST SAVINGS PER YEAR WITH ASTHMA 38

19 TRANSPORT

Linking the existing White River Trail in The construction of the Mounds Greenway Anderson and the Cardinal Greenway would help encourage residents to replace in Muncie will help create a transporta- single-occupant motor vehicle trips with tion corridor that will allow residents bicycle or walking trips. Closing the gap the opportunity to walk and bicycle to between Anderson’s White River Trail and work or school. While no money changes Muncie’s Cardinal Greenway could lead to hands, real savings can be estimated an estimated 1.5 million mile reduction in from the reduced costs associated with vehicle-miles traveled per year, which trans- congestion, vehicle crashes, road mainte- lates into $108,000 in traffic congestion nance, and household vehicle operations. cost savings, $229,000 in roadway maintenance cost savings, $764,000 in collision Transportation spending consumes a cost savings, and $869,000 in household large portion of East Central Indiana vehicle cost savings. household incomes and exceeds average regional spending on housing. On average, families spend 29 percent of their income on transportation or over $13,000 per year. 42 For the employed The construction of population living within three miles of the the Mounds Greenway greenway,43 7 percent do not have access would help encourage to a car, and overall there is limited to no residents to replace public transportation available for East Central Indiana residents.44 The potential single-occupant motor exists for encouraging bicycle to work vehicle trips with trips; 17 percent of people living near bicycle or walking trips. the trail live within bicycling distance of work, but currently less than 1 percent of workers chose to bike.45

20 BEFORE

AFTER

21 TRANSPORT

WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

FEWER VEHICLE-MILES TRAVELED PER YEAR 1,526,000 That’s the 17% OF equivalent of PEOPLE NEAR 5 oil tank trucks THE TRAIL LIVE % WITHIN BIKING < 1 I rejoice every time DISTANCE OF BIKE TO WORK 47 WORK BUT I see a woman ride by on a [bike]. It gives her a feeling of self-reliance and 7% independence the OF PEOPLE NEAR THE TRAIL DON’T HAVE moment she takes ACCESS TO A CAR 48 $ $ her seat; and away 229,000 869,000 IN ROAD MAINTENANCE HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE COST she goes, the picture COST SAVINGS PER YEAR SAVINGS PER YEAR of untrammeled womanhood. EAST CENTRAL INDIANA FAMILIES SPEND

– SUSAN B. ANTHONY, SOCIAL REFORMER AND WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE LEADER 46

OF THEIR INCOME % ON TRANSPORTATION 29 ($13,000/YEAR) 49 $764,000 IN COLLISION COST SAVINGS PER YEAR

22 WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

– SUSAN B. ANTHONY, SOCIAL REFORMER AND WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE LEADER 46

OF THEIR INCOME % ON TRANSPORTATION 29 ($13,000/YEAR) 49 $764,000 IN COLLISION COST SAVINGS PER YEAR

23 ECONOMIC

East Central Indiana faces an aging families living below the poverty line and declining population, which could amounted to 10 percent of the population significantly impact the workforce in compared to 7 percent across the state. coming years as well as require services Additionally, the region lags behind the to support those who choose to age in state by roughly 10 percent in the number place. The region’s population has been in of new businesses as a percent of all decline from its peak of just over 390,000 businesses. people in 1980 to under 360,000 people Construction of the Mounds Greenway today. The median age of residents would provide a regional amenity that in the region has increased at a faster could attract and retain young adults, rate than the state as a whole, with the while providing older residents with limited number of senior citizens growing by 11 transportation options greater access to percent from 2000 to 2013 compared to stores, community centers, and recre- 7 percent across Indiana. The growth in ational opportunities. When completed, older residents is mirrored by a decline the greenway could provide $3,000,000 in school-age and young adult popula- in additional tourism-related spending per tions. The number of residents under 18 year, 23 permanent and 98 temporary jobs, decreased by 9 percent between 2000 and an over $32 million one-time increase and 2013, and despite the large number in property values. of college-aged residents attending the region’s universities, East Central Indiana Construction of the Mounds has had difficulty in retaining young adults. Residents between the ages of Greenway would provide a 25 and 44 comprise only 23 percent regional amenity that could of the population compared to 26 and attract and retain young 27 percent for the state and country, adults, while providing older respectively.50 residents with limited trans- For the residents that remained in the portation options greater region between 2000 and 2013, per capita income grew at a slower rate than access to stores, community the state as a whole (14 percent compared centers, and recreational to 21 percent), and the percent of working opportunities

24 BEFORE

AFTER

25 ECONOMIC

WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

EAST CENTRAL INDIANA’S POPULATION HAS SHRUNK BY 7% SINCE 1980 52 62,000 $3,000,000 Because Indiana’s NEW TOURISTS IN ADDITIONAL TOURISM-RELATED PER YEAR SPENDING PER YEAR regional cities are ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EAST CENTRAL vital to our state’s INDIANA IS economic development we need public and private investment to % % improve quality of 10 33 121 OF EAST CENTRAL SLOWER DIRECT AND INDIRECT JOBS life. That’s the INDIANA RESIDENTS THAN THE STATE 54 Indiana way to a LIVE IN POVERTY AS A WHOLE 55 growing future.

– GOVERNOR MIKE PENCE 51

OUTDOOR RECREATION EMPLOYS OVER $32,791,000 100,000 ONE-TIME INCREASE IN HOOSIERS 53 PROPERTY VALUES

26 WHY IT MATTERS WHEN IT’S BUILT

– GOVERNOR MIKE PENCE 51

OUTDOOR RECREATION EMPLOYS OVER $32,791,000 100,000 ONE-TIME INCREASE IN HOOSIERS 53 PROPERTY VALUES

27 When the Mounds Greenway is built, EAST CENTRAL INDIANA WILL GAIN ...

1,532,000 563,000 4% 121 MORE BIKE TRIPS PER YEAR MORE WALK TRIPS PER YEAR MORE PEOPLE GETTING MORE TEMPORARY AND ENOUGH EXERCISE PERMANENT JOBS FROM CONSTRUCTION AND TOURISM SPENDING

$309,000 $8,400,000 $3,000,000 $1,970,000 IN HEALTH BENEFITS IN ENVIRONMENTAL IN ECONOMIC BENEFITS IN TRANSPORTATION PER YEAR BENEFITS PER YEAR PER YEAR BENEFITS PER YEAR

OVER $32,791,000 $10,447,000 $ IN ONE-TIME PROPERTY VALUE IN ONE-TIME DIRECT AND 13 million BENEFITS INDIRECT CONSTRUCTION IN TOTAL ANNUAL BENEFITS SPENDING

28 1,532,000 563,000 4% 121 MORE BIKE TRIPS PER YEAR MORE WALK TRIPS PER YEAR MORE PEOPLE GETTING MORE TEMPORARY AND ENOUGH EXERCISE PERMANENT JOBS FROM CONSTRUCTION AND TOURISM SPENDING

$309,000 $8,400,000 $3,000,000 $1,970,000 IN HEALTH BENEFITS IN ENVIRONMENTAL IN ECONOMIC BENEFITS IN TRANSPORTATION PER YEAR BENEFITS PER YEAR PER YEAR BENEFITS PER YEAR

OVER $32,791,000 $10,447,000 $ IN ONE-TIME PROPERTY VALUE IN ONE-TIME DIRECT AND 13 million BENEFITS INDIRECT CONSTRUCTION IN TOTAL ANNUAL BENEFITS SPENDING

29 SOURCE

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30 24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 38. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 2013. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. healthypeople.gov> 39. National Environmental Public Health Tracking 25. “A Man without a Country.” 2007. Random House. Network. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 26. Poursafa, P. and Dr. R. Kelishadi. “What health professionals should know about the health effects 40. National Environmental Public Health Tracking of air pollution and climate change on children and Network. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. pregnant mothers.” 2011. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 16(3): 257-264. 41. J. Muir. “Travels in Alaska.” (2015) Wanderlust. 27. The States’ View of the Air. 2015. Indiana Department of Environment Management. report_2015_state_in.pdf> 43. Five-year estimates, American Community Survey, 28. Environmental Triggers of Asthma. 2014. Agency for U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-2014. Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for 44. Center for Neighborhood Technology. cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=32&po=6> 45. Five-year estimates, American Community Survey, 29. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 2013. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-2014. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 46. S. Yeager. “The Bicycling Big Book of Cycling for Women.” 2015. Rodale, New York. 30. “Annual Report” (2014) Indiana Joint Asthma Coalition. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-2014. 31. National Environmental Public Health Tracking 48. Five-year estimates, American Community Survey, Network. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-2014. 49. Center for Neighborhood Technology. Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Atlanta Region.” 2010. Atlanta Regional Commission. 50. East Central Indiana Regional Development Plan (2015). ADVANCE. 51. “Pence Delivers Second State of the State.” 34. In 1943, discharging waste into the White River 2015. Inside Indiana Business. Resources. 52. East Central Indiana Regional Development Plan (2015). ADVANCE. www.in.gov/dnr/parklake/files/sp-Mounds_State_ Park_IMP_2011.pdf> 53. “The Economic Contributions of Outdoor Recreation.” 2013. Outdoor Industry Association. Fork White River. (2011). Indiana Department of Natural Resources. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-2014. 37. National Environmental Public Health Tracking 55. East Central Indiana Regional Development Plan Network. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). ADVANCE. uploads/2015/09/ADV_RegionalDevelopmentPlan_ ONLINE.pdf?189db0> 31 ABOUT THE HOOSIER ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL

Founded more than thirty years ago, the Hoosier Environmental Council (HEC) is the largest statewide environmental policy organization in Indiana. HEC works to advance solutions that are good for the environment and good for the economy. Visit hecweb.org and moundsgreenway.org for more information.

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