Best IAS Coaching in Bangalore Daily Current Affairs 22nd March 2021 Shiksha IAS https://iasshiksha.com/daily-current-affair/daily-current-affairs-22nd-march-2021/

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS 22ND MARCH 2021 Posted on March 23, 2021 by admin

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Right to counsel CONTEXT:

1. Recently, the National Investigation Agency (NIA)told a special court in Mumbai that the arrested assistant police inspector Sachin Waze, now suspended from Mumbai Police, was not cooperating in the probe against him and was insisting on his lawyer being present during interrogation. 2. Separately, Waze filed an application seeking to be allowed to meet his lawyer in privacy while he is in police custody.

Is access to a lawyer the right of an accused?

1. Across the world, various rights are available to a person while in custody of an investigating agency to prevent him or her from being forced into giving self-incriminating statements through means including torture. 2. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirms the right of an accused to be informed of the reasons for an arrest, the charges against him and the right to be provided legal assistance. 3. The “Miranda rights” or “Miranda warning”, as they are referred to in the US, require a police officer to inform a suspect being arrested that he has the right to talk to a lawyer for advice before being questioned and the right to have a lawyer with him during questioning. 4. In India, the safeguards available to a person in such circumstances are enshrined in the Constitution.

What does the Constitution say about the right of an accused to be defended?

1. Article 22(1)gives the fundamental right to every person not to be denied the right to be defended by a legal practitioner of his or her choice. 2. Article 14provides for equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. 3. Article 39A, part of the Directive Principles of state policy, states that equal opportunity to secure justice must not be denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities, and provides for free legal aid. 4. Section 41D of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) states that an accused is entitled to “meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation, though not throughout interrogation”.

Lawyers present during interrogation of an accused in custody:

1. Unlike in some countries, lawyers in India are not allowed to be with an accused throughout

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their investigation. 2. Apart from the provisions of Section 41D of the CrPC, courts also rely on the Supreme Court judgment in the D K Basu case of 1997, considered the guiding principles to be followed by investigating agencies in cases of arrest or detention. 3. The judgment states that “an arrestee may be permitted to meet his lawyer during interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation”. 4. The Supreme Court stressed the safeguards for accused, but also spoke of “difficulties in detection of crimes”, especially in cases of “hardcore criminals”, and ruled that a lawyer cannot be permitted to remain present throughout the interrogation.

Anangpal II CONTEXT:

1. The government has recently formed a Maharaja Anangpal II Memorial Committee to popularise the legacy of 11th-century Tomar king, Anangpal II. 2. Crediting him with giving its present name and also repopulating it, the National Monument Authority — which functions under the Ministry of Culture — has embarked on a mission to present “correct history” to the people through the works of historians, academics and archaeologists.

Who was Anangpal II/Anangpal Tomar?

1. He belonged to the Tomar dynasty that ruled parts of present-day Delhi and between the 8th and 12th centuries. 2. The capital of Tomars changed many times from being initially at Anangpur(near ) during the reign of Anangpal I (who founded the Tomar dynasty in the 8th century), to Dhillikapuri (Delhi) during the reign of Anangpal II. 3. The Tomar rule over the region is attested by multiple inscriptions and coins, and their ancestry can be traced to the Pandavas(of the Mahabharata). 4. Anangpal Tomar II was succeeded by his grandson , who was defeated by the Ghurid forces in the Battle of Tarain (present-day Haryana) after which the Delhi Sultanate was established in 1192.

His connection with Delhi

1. Anangpal II is credited to have established and populated Delhi during his reign in the 11th century. 2. He was instrumental in populating Indraprastha and giving it its present name, Delhi.

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3. The region was in ruins when he ascended the throne in the 11th century, it was he who built Lal Kot fort and Anangtal Baoli. 4. He was the founder of Dhillikapuri, which eventually became Delhi.” 5. Tomars and their Delhi link find mention in some modern-day literature as well. 6. KA Nizami’s Urdu book, Ehd-e-Wusta ki Dilli, translated in English as Delhi in Historical Perspectives, looks at Delhi across six centuries (from 1300 to 1800). 7. Tracing the antecedents of Delhi, Nizami refers to Persian annals that describe it as “Inderpat”. And yet, according to his book, Delhi formally emerged as a city only in the 11th century when Tomar Rajputs took over the mountainous Aravalli region.

Every person may have to live on less water as per capita reservoir capacity decreases: UN CONTEXT:

1. Built water reservoir capacity per person is decreasing globally as reservoir expansion has not been able to keep pace with population growth, said the United Nations World Water Development Report released on March 22, 2021 observed as World Water Day.

ABOUT:

1. While the world population is expected to reach nine billion by 2040, the projected reservoir volume seemed to be stabilising to be around 7,000 billion cubic metre. 2. The stabilising trend was visible since the 2000s, even as the population was on the rise.

REASONS FOR LOW RESERVOIR EXPANSION:

1. Decrease in storage capacity of existing reservoirs due to sedimentation 2. Losses in artificial reservoir storage due to sedimentation increase depreciation rates on investment capital, and therefore, decreases returns on investment. 3. They also increase the value of sediment abatement measures – implemented chiefly through nature-based solutions for improved catchment management.

IMPACT:

1. Artificial lakes and reservoirs also suffer significant losses from increased evaporation as compared to the evaporation from the original river. 2. These can be expected to be proportionately higher than the average in hotter arid regions, which is also where water tends to be scarcer.

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WAY AHEAD:

1. Recognising comparative value of storage in, or the conjunctive use of natural systems, which is not only where most storage actually occurs but also where the main opportunities for sustainably increasing storage value can be found 2. Recognising the value of reducing demand 3. Increasing supply through measures like improved land management or water reuse 4. Using decentralised solutions

International Day of Forests CONTEXT:

1. The United Nations observes March 21 as the International Day of Forests, commemorating the green cover around the world and reiterating its importance. 2. The theme of the International Day of Forests for 2021 is “Forest restoration: a path to recovery and well-being”.

Why is the International Day of Forests celebrated?

1. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed March 21 as the International Day of Forests (IDF) in 2012. 2. The Day celebrates and raises awareness of the importance of all types of forests. On this day, countries are encouraged to undertake local, national and international efforts to organize activities involving forests and trees, such as tree-planting campaigns. 3. The Day is celebrated by the United Nations Forum on Forests and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with governments, the Collaborative Partnership on Forests and other relevant organisations in the field.

Annual themes

1. The theme for each year is chosen by the Collaborative Partnership on Forests. 2. This year’s theme aims to emphasise how restoration and sustainable management of forests can help address climate change and biodiversity crisis. 3. It can also help produce goods and services for sustainable development, fostering an economic activity that creates jobs and improves lives. 4. Themes of the International Day of Forests are aimed to fit into the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), which calls for the protection and revival of ecosystems around the world.

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Significance of forests

1. Forests cover one third of the Earth’s land mass, performing vital functions around the world. Around 1.6 billion people including more than 2,000 indigenous cultures depend on forests for their livelihoods, medicines, fuel, food and shelter. 2. Forests are the most biologically-diverse ecosystems on land, home to more than 80 per cent of the terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects. 3. Despite all these ecological, economic, social and health benefits, global deforestation continues at an alarming rate with 13 million hectares of forest destroyed annually. 4. Deforestation accounts for 12 to 20 percent of the global greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.

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