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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The bad condition in its tomb. back resented Give reasons for the following: found later was by Q.1. in which it was 's has been subjected () King body archaeologists. to repeated scrutiny. (TBQ) to chisel away the (11) Carter had Tut was subjected to raise the Ans. The tomb of king solidified resins to king's , a British repeated scrutiny. remains. tomb in discovered Tut's ritual archaeologist, Carter found that the resins had the contents of Ans. 1922. In order to investigate to the bottom of his hardened, cementing Tut had to cut the body to remove the tomb, he coffin. So he had to chisel away the was solid gold from its coffin. In 1968, the mummy it solidified resins to remove the mummy out.| to that Tut's breastbone X-rayed. It came light done thieves would have| the If he had not so, were In 2005, and front ribs missing. come and torn the mummy apart to remove| scan. was taken out for a CT mummy the gold. to so much The mummy was subjected (iv) Tut's body was buried along with| because King Tut was a teenager scrutiny gilded treasures. died. He was the last heir when he suddenly Ans. Tut's body was buried along with large He was laid to of a powerful ruling family. quantities of pure gold. It was believed by the| rest with large quantities of pure gold. People such royal people, then that they could take their wanted to know why he had died at he could have riches with them after death. an They suspected early age. (o) The boy king changed his name murdered for some unknown reason. been from Tutankhaten to . Howard Carter's investigation was (1) Ans. The boy king changed his name from resented. Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun which meant Ans. Howard Carter's investigation badly damaged the living image of ', a major god. His from the mummy. To separate Tut's body predecessor, Amenhotep IV, had smashed adornments, Howard Carter and his men the images of the god Amun and closed his head and as he wanted to had to remove the mummy's temples promote the worship of the another He to cut joints. After investigations, they put the , god. wanted end this of hatred chapter towards Amun. So he Q.7. What caused so much interest about changed his name to reassure people that he Tut's mummy ? wanted to restore the old of ways worship. Ans. it was was the last heir of Q.2. List the deeds that led Ray Johnson to King Tut, found, a powerful dynasty of rulers in .| describe as "Wacky".(TBQ) He died young in mysterious circumstances. Ans. Ray Johnson rightly described Akhenaten, The discovery of his mummy arose the King Tut's predecessor, as crazy. His new interest among people as to how he died. name Akhenaten meant the 'servant of the Q.8. on 5th Aten', the sun disk. He wanted to What happened January 2005? promote Ans. On 5th Tut's the worship of the Aten. He shocked the January 2005, mummy was subjected to a CT scan to probe the so-far people by smashing the images of Amun, a unsolved related to the major god, and dosed his temples. In another mysteries young ruler's life and who died more crazy move, he shifted his religious capital death, than from the old city of Thebes to the new city of 3300 years ago. Akhetaten known now as Amarna. Q.9. What did the tourists do ? Q.3. What were the results of the CT scan? Ans. The tourists from far and near had come to pay their respects. They gazed at the murals (TBQ) on the walls of the burial chamber and peered Ans. The mummy was scanned from head to toe. at the gilded face of Tut. Some visitors read 1700 digital X-ray images were taken. The from guidebooks while others stood silently. head was scanned in 0.62 millimetre slices to Q.10. What were the contents of Tut's probe the secrets of his death. These imagees tomb ? finally established that nothing had seriously gone wrong. Tut's death was natural. Ans. The contents of Tut's tomb included the| Q.4. List the advances in technology that richest royal collection in gold, in addition to have improved forensic analysis. (TBQ) everyday things of use like board games, a Ans. Technology has now advanced consider- ably. bronze razor, linen undergarments, cases of| With CT scan, hundreds of X-rays are put food and wine etc. together like slices of bread to create a three- Q.11. Why did Ray Johnson describe Akhen- dimensional view. It has improved forensic aten as "Wacky"? analysis greatly. Ans. Amenhotep IV changed his name to| Akhenaten and moved the Q.5. Explain the statement, "King Tut is one religious capital of the first to be scanned-in from the old city of Thebes to the new city death, as in life..." (TBQ) of Akhenaten. He attacked Amun, a major Ans. King Tut was one of the first mummies to be god, smashed his images and closed his| scanned. The scanning quality was so good temples. These deeds led Ray Johnson to call as if the person scanned were alive, not dead. Akhenaten as "Wacky". It is in this context that the remark has been Q.12. Why did a guard joke nervously and made. said, "Curse of the "? Ans. Tut's mummy was to be CT scanned but the Q.6. Who was Howard Carter? What was his cóntribution? million-dollar scanner could not work because Ans. Howard Carter was a British archaeologist. ofsand ina cooler fan. The guard thought| It was he who discovered Tut's tomb and that it was the curse of the . was relieved? removed Tut's mummy to investigate it. His Q.13. Why efforts saved Tue's mummy from robbers and Ans. Zahi Hawass, who was the Secretary General thieves who might have destroyed it to extract of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities its golden adornments. was relieved because he was under great| handle Tut's mummy? pressure that something might go wrong. Q.17. How did Carter After the successful operation, he was relieved Ans. Carter exposed Tut's mummy to the blazing of tension. heat of desert sun for hours in an attempt to cut it off naturally from the coffin. He used a was the curse ? Q.14. What pharaoh's Did it chisel to separate it from the coffin finally. In prove to be ominous ? so doing, he cut off all the joints of the body, Ans. It was believed that the pharaoh's curse was including its head. that misfortune would befall upon all those Q.18. What startling discovery was made who would disturb his eternal sleep. The dark about Tut's mummy 40 years after its sky and the stormy wind were thought to be discovery? ominous on January 5, 2005 when Tut's Ans. When an anatomy professor K-rayed Tut's body was being taken out for CT scan. mummy some 40 years after its discovery, he revealed that beneath the resin over the What do the funerary treasures tell Q.15. his breast-bone and front us about the beliefs of ancient mummy's chest, ribs were missing. Egyptians? Q.19. "King Tut's demise was a big event,| Ans. Funerary treasures in Tut's tomb included even by royal standards". What does numerous artefacts in gold, things of daily the author want to suggest by this use like oils, food, wine, clothes, board comment ? games, etc. They tell us that people in ancient Ans. King Tut's death must have been a great Egypt believed in life after death. That was shock, an event that would have ushered in| why, they buried these things with the dead drastic political changes. That was why, Tut| received a grand burial. His mummified body persons so that they might not have to face any problem in absence of the things they was buried with costly gold treasures and all the he have loved loved, when they come to life again. things might during his| lifetime. What was the main problem faced by Q.16. Q.20. Tut took a drastic step during his reign. Carter when he tried to study Tut's What was that ? mummy ? Ans. On becoming the king, Tut restored the Ans. Carter wanted to separate the mummified ancient religion in Egypt. He changed his body of Tut from the gold coffin. When he name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun in tried to do so, he found that the body had reverence to the old god 'Amun'. He started cemented to the coffin due to the hardening the worship of Amun' in place of the worship of the sun disk. of ritual resins applied to the body.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q.1. Explain the statement, "King Tut is one life, ahead of his countrymen. The modern of the first mummies to be scanned in world is curious to know about his life and death as in life .... mysterious death in the prime of his life. Ans. The Egyptian Mummy Project has so far Since the discovery of his tomb in 1922, the modern recorded almost 600 mummies. The next world has shown a keen interest in phase of this project is to scan the mummies his life and mysterious death. What with a portable CT machine. King Tut is Q.2. idea do you form of the style one of the first mummies to be scanned. of burial of the kings of the ancien He has moved in a royal way in death as in Egypt?

Fveroroon T:4. Ans. The kings of the ancient Egypt had a lavish on treasure and more on fascinating details style of living. Gold was the main adornmer of life and the mysteries of death. A CT scan of these kings. Even in their graves they were machine does diagnostic imaging. Hundreds buried with the richest royal collection like of X-rays in cross-section are put together to artefacts in gold, the gold coffin, precious create a three-dimensional virtual body. This| collars, inlaid necklaces and bracelets, rings, technology explains the difficult questions amulets, ceremonial aprons, sandals, sheaths as to how a particular person died and how for the fingers and toes, iconic inner coffin old he was at the time of his death. A team of and mask - all made of pure gold. The specialists probes into different matters. shrouds were decorated with garlands of Q.5. Who was King Tut ? Why did his interest ? olive leaves, wild celery, lotus petals and mummy generate so much conflowers. Not only the expensive things, Ans. King Tut was a teenage ruler of Egypt| even the everyday things of use like board (1358 BC-1340 BC). His full name was games, razors, linen undergarments and cases Tutankhamun. He died in the prime of his of food and wine were also put with the dead life. He was the last of the heirs of the family| bodies. that ruled Egypt for centuries. He died under mysterious circumstances. He was laid to rest Why was Howard Carter's way of Q.3. with gold adornments. Though he reigned for investigation resented? about nine years, he restored the rules and Ans. Howard Carter was a British archaeologist, his forefathers. who tried to investigate Tut's mummy in regulations by In 1922, Howard Carter, a British 1922. He found the mummy in three coffins. archaeologist, discovered Tut's tomb after When he reached the mummy, he faced years of futile search. He took months to| The ritual resin had hardened problems. record the pharaoh's funerary treasures the to the bottom of cementing mummy after investigating three nested coffins. solid coffin. He tried to loosen the gold The researchers were amazed at the richest| the in the the mummy by putting mummy royal collection found in the grave. This but in vain. Then he scorching sunshine, collection caused a sensation. People showed the material asked his men to chisel away a lot of interest in it. They indulged in guess-| In this from beneath the limbs and trunk. regards his disease and age at the time head was removed work as process, the mummy's of his death. They were curious to know what severed. The result of and every major joint condition had happened to the king. Carter's attempt was the miserable was resented "In Tut's time the royals were fabulously the Carter's method Q.6. of mummy. wealthy, and they thought - or hoped -| the because he did more harm to mummy they could take their riches with them."| rather than any good. gives How do you react to the thinking of Do you think advanced technology the Q.4. events? royal people of Tut's time in the context us conclusive evidence of past of modern times? Express your views in can give us Ans. Yes, advanced technology events. The a diary entry. conclusive evidence of past have always Ans. October 15, 20... mummies of the ancient Egypt into the and 10 p.m. attracted man to delve deep past life of those days While about bring out facts about the reading Discovering Tut:the has changed buried in the dark. Archaeology Saga Continues, I was amused to read that focuses less substantially. New technology many rich, royal people of Tut's times were

FverareenliteratireCompanion - 11 27 traditions of praying, meditato foolish enough to think of carrying their being. The tion are meant to keep o wealth with them one day after their deaths. and visiting temples our happy and in balance, That is why, their coffins were filled with gold mind and soul be judicious enough and other precious things. Interestingly, there So we should to irom bad are many rich people in our own times who distinguish good customs ones. We dispense continue to amass wealth till their last breath should not, rather cannot, with a feverishly as if they would carry it with them. our traditions and customs. The past cannot They do not relax even in old age. Material be whisked away. things continue to be an obsession with them. Tut: the Saga Q.8. 'Discovering Continues They do not enjoy anything in life. They have What do you is about a mystery. think no time to stand and stare. More and more life ? Do of mysteries in you havel wealth that is their only motto in life. from them ? anything to learn Write a We should think over the issue in right letter about it to your friend in about perspective. It is necessary and desirable 120-150 words. to earn as much money as one can - but it should not be at the cost of physical and Ans. 10-C, Lajpat Nagar mental health. Moreover, we should keep in Delhi mind that all that we have - lands, houses, May 15, 20... cars, gadgets and all our progeny - will be Dear Dinesh left behind when we leave for the next world. While reading about the mysterious death of Why to be so much obsessive about wealth, the ancient Egyptian king Tut in an article, I then? began to think of mysteries which continue| Q.7. Discovering Tut the Saga Continues' to baffle human beings even now. You know tells us about old rituals and customs. about the mystery about the What do you learn from your reading of appearance and disappearance of U.FO.s which it ? Do you find any value in observing suppose| to come from alien worlds. Then you old traditions and customs ? Write an know about 'Bermuda Triangle', an area where| article on it. ships and aircrafts disappear. Then there is Old Traditions and Customs Ans. the mystery about ghosts and fairies. God When we read about our old traditions and himself is a great mystery. And so are human customs, we react differently. Some of us birth and death. feel that they are meaningles and have no I wonder if we have to learn relevance in our times. Some feel that they anything from| these mysteries. our are not totally futile and we can observe Perhaps Creator wants us to be aware of our some of them for their usefulness. limitations. Mystene exist to make us humble. They can also e Most of the rituals pertaining to human birth taken as challenges to our knowledge. W and death seem to be useless. Some of them are perhaps required to put all our are being observed because they are sources resouroes to unravel the mysteries surrounding us. of earning for the priests. But some of them must always be for ever on the are meant to remind us of the blessing of Ulysses mov to explore the unknown. birth and the inevitability of death. They are Yours sincerely intended to make us humble and polite. The custom of observing fasts on various days is Ashish useful in that it is good for our physical well-

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