Sierra Leone 2004 Population and Housing
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By: Ibrahim Mohamed Sesay Andrew A. Karama Jinnah J. Ngobeh UNFPA SSL EU November 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...i List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….iii List of Figures……………………………………………………………..……………..v List of Appendices…………………………………………………….………………..vi Executive Summary……...……………………………………………………………yiii CHAPTER 1 – THE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT…………………………….1 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 Some Efforts at Solving Post-war Development Challenges……………….2 1.2.1 Macro-economic and Socio-political Reforms………………………………..3 1.2.2 Sierra Leone PRSP and the Millennium Development Goals……………...4 1.2.3 Poverty Profile………………………………………………………...…………5 1.2.4 Macro-economic Performance…………………………………………………5 1.2.5 Pillars of the SL-PRSP………………………………………………………….6 1.3 Theoretical Orientations………………………………………………………..7 1.4 Methodology…………………………………………………………..…………9 1.4.1 Data…………………………………………………………..…………………..9 1.4.2 Analytical Instruments…………………………………..………………………9 CHAPTER 2 – POPULATION DISTRIBUTION……………………………...12 2.1 Population Distribution by Districts…………………………………………..12 2.2 Population Density…………………………………………………………….18 2.3 Factors Affecting Population Distribution……………………………………21 CHAPTER 3 – MIGRATION……………………………………………………24 3.1 International Migration………………………………………………………...24 3.1.1 Origin of International Migrants………………………………………………25 3.1.2 Destination of International Migrants………………………………………...26 3.1.3 Age and Sex Characteristics of Foreign-Born Nationals…………………..29 3.2 Internal Migration………………………………………………………………31 3.2.1 Direct Measures of Lifetime Internal Migration……………………………..31 3.2.2 Patterns, Streams and Trends in Internal Migration……………………….33 3.2.3 An Indirect Measure of Internal Migration – the National Growth Rate Analysis……………………………………….40 i CHAPTER 4 – URBANISATION………………………………………………42 4.1 Definition of Urban Centres…………………………………………………..42 4.2 Levels and Tempo of Urban Growth…………………………………………42 4.3 Trends in Urban Population Concentration…………………………………48 4.4 Primacy and Urbanisation…………………………………………………….52 4.5 Demographic Components of Urban Growth……………………………….56 CHAPTER 5 – POLICY OPTIONS FOR POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, MIGRATION AND URBANISATION IN SIERRA LEONE………………………………………………………….58 5.1 Summary and Conclusions …………………………………………………...58 5.1.1 Population Distribution and Development Issues in Sierra Leone……….58 5.1.2 Some Impacts of International Migration……………………………………59 5.1.3 Implications of Internal Migration for Development Planning……………..60 5.1.4 Consequences of Urbanization………………………………………………61 5.2 Policy Options and Recommendations……………………………………...62 5.2.1 Population Distribution and Migration……………………………………….63 5.2.2 Urbanisation……………………………………………………………………65 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………67 ii LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1: Percentage Distribution of the Total Population by District and Province: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004………………….13 Table 2: Gender Characteristics of the Special Population by District and Province: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………..16 Table 3: Population Densities by Administrative Subdivisions: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004……………………………………………19 Table 4: Distribution of Non-Citizens by Sex and Country of Origin: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………………………………….26 Table 5: Distribution of Non-Citizens by Sex and District of Residence: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………………………………….27 Table 6: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Nationals by Age and Sex: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………….………………………..29 Table 7: Lifetime In-migrants by District of Birth, Out-migrants by District of Enumeration and Net Lifetime Streams of Migration: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………………………………….32 Table 8: Lifetime Inter-district Migration Rates: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004…………………………………………………………….34 Table 9: Percentage Distribution of Residence of Native Born Population by Sex and District or Province: Sierra Leone, 1990 – 2004……..38 Table 10: Estimation of Net Migration by National Growth Rate Method: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004……………………………………………41 Table 11: Urban Growth in Sierra Leone: 1910 – 2004……………………….43 Table 12: Population Distribution by District by Urban-Rural Residence: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………………………………….44 Table 13: Degree of Urbanisation by District: 1963 – 2004…………………..46 Table 14: Scale of Relative Concentration of Urban Population, Sierra Leone: 1963 – 2004 …………………………………………………...48 iii Table 15: Scales of Urbanisation and Population Concentration, Sierra Leone: 1963…………………………………………………….49 Table 16: Scales of Urbanisation and Population Concentration, Sierra Leone: 1974…………………………………………………….50 Table 17: Scales of Urbanisation and Population Concentration, Sierra Leone: 1985…………………………………………………….51 Table 18: Scales of Urbanisation and Population Concentration, Sierra Leone: 2004…………………………………………………….51 Table 19: Rank and Size of Ten Largest Urban Units, Sierra Leone: 1963…………………………………………………………….52 Table 20: Rank and Size of Ten Largest Urban Units, Sierra Leone: 1974…………………………………………………………….53 Table 21: Rank and Size of Ten Largest Urban Units, Sierra Leone: 1985…………………………………………………………….54 Table 22: Rank and Size of Ten Largest Urban Units, Sierra Leone: 2004…………………………………………………………….55 Table 23 - Some Parameters of Urban Growth: Sierra Leone, 1963 – 2004 …………………………………………………...56 Table 24: Calculation of Urban Growth Decomposition Method for Urban Population of Sierra Leone: 1963 – 2004 …………………...57 iv LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Figure 1: Percentage Distribution of the Total Population by Province: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004……………………………….14 Figure 2: Distribution of Total Population by District: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004……………………………………………15 Figure 3: Distribution of Major Population Subgroups – 2004……………….17 Figure 4: Population Density by District: Sierra Leone 2004…………………20 Figure 5: Population Density by District: Sierra Leone 1985…………………21 Figure 6: Distribution of Non-Citizens by District and Sex: Sierra Leone, 2004…………………………………………………………….28 Figure 7: Age Pyramid of Foreign Nationals: Sierra Leone, 2004…………...30 Figure 8: Lifetime In-Migration Rate by District: Sierra Leone, 2004………..35 Figure 9: Lifetime Out-Migration by District: Sierra Leone, 2004…………….36 Figure 10: Lifetime Inter-district Net Migration Rates: Sierra Leone, 2004…. 37 Figure 11: Percentage Distribution of Native Born Males by District of Residence: 1990 and 2004 …………………………………………...39 Figure 12: Percentage Distribution of Native Born Females by District of Residence: 1990 and 2004 …………………………………………...40 v LIST OF APPENDICES PAGE Appendix A: Population Densities by Administrative Subdivisions: Sierra Leone, 1985 – 2004……………………………………………71 Appendix B: Native Born Population Classified by District of Birth and District Of Enumeration, Sierra Leone: 2004……………………….72 Appendix C: Levels and Trends of Urban Growth: 1963 – 2004………………...72 Appendix D: Rank Order for Sierra Leone: Urban Localities, Towns and Cities; Population and Percentage of Total Population, 2004……………………………………………………………………..73 Appendix E: Rank Order for Sierra Leone: Urban Localities, Towns and Cities; Population and Percentage of Total Population, 1985…….75 Appendix F: Rank Order for Sierra Leone: Urban Localities, Towns and Cities; Population and Percentage of Total Population, 1974 …...77 Appendix G: Rank Order for Sierra Leone: Urban Localities, Towns and Cities; Population and Percentage of Total Population, 1963…….78 Appendix H: Calculation of Urban Growth Decomposition Method for Urban Population Distributed by Size Class, Sierra Leone: 1963 – 1985…………………………………………………………….79 Appendix I: Calculation of Urban Growth Decomposition Method for Total Urban Population of Sierra Leone: 1963 – 1985 …………………...79 Appendix J: Calculation of Urban Growth Decomposition Method for District Urban Population, Sierra Leone: 1963 – 1985…………….80 Appendix K: Calculation of Urban Growth Decomposition Method for some Urban Localities of Sierra Leone: 1963 – 1985………………….....81 vi MAP OF WEST AFRICA SHOWING SIERRA LEONE vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The importance of migration in population and development interrelationships was recognized by African governments in the eighties when they affirmed that the rates of population growth in their countries may be acceptable but the distributions within the geographic subdivisions were not desirable. But in spite of this general awareness and concern since, many of the African nations lack well-formulated national policies that aim at introducing desired population redistribution that would be more amenable to the development aspiration of the respective countries. The various development frameworks prescribed for the continent such as MDGs, PRSPs, or TICAD do not mainstream migration and population distribution issues into the planning process. In Sierra Leone, as in other sub-Saharan countries, there is a general paucity of information on migration, population distribution and urban development. This dearth of data notwithstanding, it is reasonable to consider that with the vast population displacements occasioned by the decade long civil war, both the forced movements of people and the consequent settlement geography of the country make it imperative that the demand for studies based on aerial movements of people should now be met. This analysis of the 2004 census data on population distribution, migration and urbanisation provides some basic information for planning and policy-making. Development practitioners and researchers interested in the links between the spatial spread of people and resource availability and allocation in Sierra Leone will find it informative