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I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I t INSTITIIIE OF HYDAOIOGY I Repolt No 30 January 1976 I (reprlnred t979) I I t TITEPTTYSIOGRAPHY, DEPOSI1S AND VE@TATION OF I T1IE PLYNLI IiIol.I CATqI!.,!ENTS I (A synthesls of published work aJld lnltj-al flndings) I by H D Newson I LIBRARY INSTITUTEOF }IYDBOLOGY I,IACLEANBUILD{NG I CROWMANSHGIFFORD \,1'ALLINGFORD,OXON t ox10888 I I I 8AS C l'toxo'c, ' 680Jir. CNIC:; I leo-i i. t I PROLOGUE Fromhigh Plynlimon\ shagqy side I Tfueenrearm in tfueedirections glide Tiad. nynlrnon satofl lolty heiStlt, I surveyedhis lands and w.rninS mighl from a throne.carvedbould€r, though mistytears hesaw rhe endingofhis years. I Hi lonScloak torn, now frded bare Ms tuggedby breezesthat spreadhis hair from hisforehead in a wild, grey mlne streaninglike some squall ot rain. I No sonwould ever take his realm no proudheir could w€ar his helrn hehad, but nowhir daughtersttuee I andthey must sh.rc his territory. t fron ThcSons af't bee Rive (1968'74) Afterascending the hill andpassjng over its top we wentdown on ih wesiernside and soon €me to a black I frightfulbog b€lween two hilh. Beyondthe bogand at some dinanceto the westofthe lwo hilk rosea brownmountain nol abruptly,but grrdu ly, arrdlooking more like wharrhe I Welshcall a rhiwor sloperhan a mynyddor n1ountain. 'i! "That,Sir." said my 8uide, the srandPtynlimon. Thelbuntains of theSevern and the Wyeare in clo3e I proximity10 elch orher.Thir ol the Rleidolslands somcwhal spanfrom bo1h.............._........... lion MH rvales(1862) I GeorgeBormu) ...............-...nrany high lti esand ptenrifuU Springs. -
Brecon Beacons Weekends
The 'diving board' on Fan y Big with Cribyn behind BRECON BEACONS WEEKENDS Weekend walking adventures for London-based hikers www.walkyourweekends.com 1 of 34 CONTENTS Introduction • Main features of interest 3 • Resources 5 • Where to stay 5 • Decision time! Weekend options summary 7 • Getting there 8 • Getting around 9 Suggested weekend itineraries • Weekend 1: Merthyr Tydfil & Abergavenny/Crickhowell 10 • Weekend 2: Merthyr Tydfil 13 • Weekend 3: Abergavenny/Crickhowell 15 The Walks 17 • A BEACONS TRAVERSE 18 • B LOW LEVEL WALK TO TALYBONT-ON-USK 21 • C PEN Y FAN CIRCULAR 23 • D TAFF TRAIL TO MERTHYR TYDFIL 26 • E CRICKHOWELL WALKS 27 • F SUGAR LOAF 30 • G FAN FAWR 31 • H SKIRRID FAWR 31 • I MERTHYR GENTLE WALK 32 Staying in Abergavenny 33 Staying in Merthyr Tydfil 34 www.walkyourweekends.com 2 of 34 INTRODUCTION MAIN FEATURES OF INTEREST The Brecon Beacons is a mountain range in south Wales and a national park. → CLICK HERE to see a n overview map of the Brecon Beacons ← Trail magazine's list of the 100 best mountains to climb in the UK (which is of course entirely subjective but is a useful place to start!) includes three peaks in the Brecon Beacons: • Pen y Fan – the highest peak in South Wales; between Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil. Pen y Fan sits in a cluster of other peaks including Corn Du, Cribyn and Fan y Big, so most of them can be climbed in a single walk. These are the main 'Beacons' in the Brecon Beacons. In this guide I'll refer to them as “Pen y Fan et al”. -
GUIDED WALKS and EVENTS SPRING 2019 (March-May)
GUIDED WALKS & EVENTS SPRING 2019 Cymdeithas Parc Bannau Brycheiniog Brecon Beacons Park Society www.breconbeaconsparksociety.org GUIDED WALKS AND EVENTS SPRING 2019 (March-May) Most of these walks go into the hills. Participants are reminded that the following gear must be taken. Walking boots, rucksack, hats, gloves, warm clothing (not jeans), spare fleece, water and a hot drink, lunch, extra food and of course waterproof jackets and trousers. A whistle and a head torch (with spare batteries) should be carried, particularly during the winter months, and a hi- visibility garment would be very useful in case of poor visibility. Participants must satisfy themselves that the walk is suitable for their abilities. You can take advice by ringing the walk leader whose telephone number is given. No liability will be accepted for loss or injury that occurs because of taking part. An adult must accompany young people (under 18). MOST OF THESE WALKS ARE FOR EXPERIENCED WALKERS - IF YOU’RE NOT SURE OF YOUR ABILITY WHY NOT START OFF WITH A MODERATE WALK TO FIND OUT? Please check the guided walks programme on the website for planned cancellations and changes to walks. Leaders may change or cancel the advertised route at their discretion due to adverse weather conditions or other problems on the day. You are strongly advised to check the Mountain weather forecast for the Brecon Beacons National Park before setting out for walks, on the Met Office website: www.metoffice.gov.uk. Finish times are approximate. Strenuous walks require fitness and stamina to cope with several steep climbs and/or cover a good distance at a steady pace. -
THE ROLE of GRAZING ANIMALS and AGRICULTURE in the CAMBRIAN MOUNTAINS: Recognising Key Environmental and Economic Benefits Delivered by Agriculture in Wales’ Uplands
THE ROLE OF GRAZING ANIMALS AND AGRICULTURE IN THE CAMBRIAN MOUNTAINS: recognising key environmental and economic benefits delivered by agriculture in Wales’ uplands Author: Ieuan M. Joyce. May 2013 Report commissioned by the Farmers’ Union of Wales. Llys Amaeth,Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BT Telephone: 01970 820820 Executive Summary This report examines the benefits derived from the natural environment of the Cambrian Mountains, how this environment has been influenced by grazing livestock and the condition of the natural environment in the area. The report then assesses the factors currently causing changes to the Cambrian Mountains environment and discusses how to maintain the benefits derived from this environment in the future. Key findings: The Cambrian Mountains are one of Wales’ most important areas for nature, with 17% of the land designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). They are home to and often a remaining stronghold of a range of species and habitats of principal importance for the conservation of biological diversity with many of these species and habitats distributed outside the formally designated areas. The natural environment is critical to the economy of the Cambrian Mountains: agriculture, forestry, tourism, water supply and renewable energy form the backbone of the local economy. A range of non-market ecosystem services such as carbon storage and water regulation provide additional benefit to wider society. Documentary evidence shows the Cambrian Mountains have been managed with extensively grazed livestock for at least 800 years, while the pollen record and archaeological evidence suggest this way of managing the land has been important in the area since the Bronze Age. -
Risk Screening Report
Risk Screening Report Report Name TEST WQ Sewage and or trade greater than 1000m3d to SW Location Ad-hoc report Distances used for this report [m]: 0, 50, 200, 250, 500, 2000, 50000 Dataset Name Data found from search Buffer Zone Distance Powys - Powys UTA Unitary Authority 0 Unitary Authority Source Protection Zones 0611c 0 Predominant Soils Types Drinking Water Protected Areas - River Catchments Drinking Water Protected Areas - Lakes Groundwater Vulnerability Zones Report Name TEST WQ Sewage and or trade greater than 1000m3d to SW Location Ad-hoc report Groundwater Vulnerability MINOR MINOR_I MINOR_I1 0 Zones 1 National Park Main Rivers Scheduled Ancient Monuments LRC Priority & Protected Species: Coenagrion mercuriale (Southern Damselfly) Local Wildlife Sites Local Nature Reserves National Nature Reserves Protected Habitat: Aquifer fed water bodies Protected Habitat: Blanket bog Protected Habitat: Coastal Saltmarsh Protected Habitat: Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh Protected Habitat: Fens Protected Habitat: Intertidal Mudflats Protected Habitat: Lowland raised bog Protected Habitat: Mudflats Protected Habitat: Reedbeds Report Name TEST WQ Sewage and or trade greater than 1000m3d to SW Location Ad-hoc report Protected Habitat: Reedbeds Protected Habitat: Wet Woodland LRC Priority & Protected Species: Anisus vorticulus (Little Whirlpool Ramshorn Snail) LRC Priority & Protected Species: Arvicola amphibius (Water vole) LRC Priority & Protected Species: Caecum armoricum (Lagoon Snail) LRC Priority & Protected Species: Cliorismia rustica -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
SABRINA TIMES December 2016
SABRINA TIMES December 2016 OPEN UNIVERSITY GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEVERNSIDE BRANCH Branch Organisers Report Hello everyone, We had an excellent turn-out for our Day of Lectures on 3rd December at the YMCA Conference Centre in Newport. Everyone who came along enjoyed three excellent speakers on the diverse subjects of modern geophysical survey methods; the exploration of Precambrian oil in Oman; and Lichenometry in Norway. A new subject to many of us, we discovered that Lichenometry is the use of lichen to determine the age of exposed rock, and Hazel Trenbirth described the work done in dating the retreat of Norwegian glaciers using this technique. Peter Brabham described the variety of non-invasive techniques now widely used to build up a picture of what lies beneath the surface of a site requiring a detailed shallow survey. During his fascinating talk on oil exploration in Oman, Neil Frewin mentioned a museum that had recently opened at Kimmeridge in Dorset. It is called The Etches Collection, and it houses a large collection of Jurassic marine fossils discovered in the Kimmeridge Clay by Steve Etches over a 30-year period . The museum also features CGI screens on the ceiling that give visitors the impression of being underwater 150 million years ago in the company of extinct creatures. The Etches Collection is now on my list of places I must visit in 2017! You can explore the website at http://theetchescollection.org/home. If you attended the Day of Lectures, I would welcome any comments (good or bad) about this new venue. In the past we have been fortunate in being able to use a conference room at Cardiff Museum free of charge, which obviously reduces the cost of the event to members, but the Museum wanted to charge us quite a lot this year. -
Visiting Wales on Expeditions
The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Visiting Wales on Expeditions Useful information Useful contacts Brecon Beacons: Eifion Jones, Rights of Way Officer, Brecon Information about the Beacons National Park Authority, Wild Country Areas: Plas y Ffynnon, Cambrian Way, Bronze and Silver expeditions are Brecon, Powys LD3 7HP. Tel: 01874 mainly outside of the Wild Country 624437. Areas. The expectation at Gold [email protected] level is that most will take place in beacons-npa.gov.uk/environment/ Wild Country. planning-access-and-row In Wales there are three Wild Snowdonia: Peter Rutherford, Country Areas, Snowdonia, Mid Access Officer at Snowdonia Wales and the Brecon Beacons. National Park. peter.rutherford@eryri. llyw.cymru snowdonia.gov.wales/looking- after/public-access You may also find the following contact useful when planning your visit: Elfyn Jones, Access & Conservation Officer Wales at British Mountaineering Council. [email protected] thebmc.co.uk. Brecon Beacons The Brecon Beacons is a mountain range in South Wales. The range forms the central section of the Brecon Beacons National Park, a designation which also encompasses ranges both to the east and the west of ‘the central Beacons’, it includes the Black Mountains to the east as well as the similarly named but quite distinct Black Mountain to the west. The Brecon Beacons range, comprises six main peaks: from west to east these are: Corn Du, 873 metres (2,864 ft), Pen y Fan, the highest peak, 886 metres (2,907 ft), Cribyn, 795 metres (2,608 ft), Fan y Bîg, 719 metres (2,359 ft), Bwlch y Ddwyallt, 754 metres (2,474 ft), and Waun Rydd 769 metres (2,523 ft). -
Institute of Lit Hydrology • • • • • •
• Institute of lit Hydrology • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Natural Environment Research Council REGIONAL MODELLING OF ACIDIFICATION AND PREDICTING REVERSIBILITY by A. JENKINS and P. G WHITEHEAD Final Report On Contract EV4V.0033 UK(H) January 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Executive Summary Summary of Research 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Modelling Long-term Trends in Acidification 1.3 Comparisons with Palcoecological Evidence 1.4 Linking Short-term and Long-term Response Models 1.5 Regional Modelling 1.6 Ecosystems Modelling and Reversibility 1.7 Conclusions Site Specific Applications 2.1 Llyn Brianne - Wales 2.2 Plynlimon - Wales 2.3 Loch Dee - Scotland 2.4 Allt a Mharcaidh - Scotland 2.5 Loch Chon and Kelty Water - Scotland 2.6 Round Loch - Scotland Paleoecological Comparisons with Model Simulations 3.1 Round Loch 3.2 A Comparison for Six Sites Modelling Dynamic Response in the Long-Term 4.1 A Method of Predicting Future Extremes of Water Chemistry 4.2 Towards Predicting Changes Through Storm Events in the Future Regional Hydrochemical Modelling and Reversibility 5.1 Regional Analysis of Wales 5.2 Regional Analysis of South West Scotland Linking of Hydrochemical and Biological Models 6.1 Biological Responses at Llyn Brianne 6.2 Regional Responses of Trout Survival and Invertebrate Diversity • • • PREFACE • • This report has been produced in fulfillment of Contract EV4V.0033 UK (H), a contract between the CEC and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The work has been undertaken at the Institute of Hydrology, a component institute of NERC. • • • • • • • • • • • •110 • • • • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Within the framework of this completed research programme a number of major conclusions have been reached: (i) The acidity of lakes and streams across a wide area of the UK has increased substantially in the last 30 years. -
Thursday 7Th May to Sunday 10Th May
Thursday 7th May to Sunday 10th May A May Spring Bank Holiday weekend of walks in and around Talgarth and the Black Mountains Social icon Rounded square Only use blue and/or white. For more details check out our Brand Guidelines. www.talgarthwalkingfestival.org contact us on 07943 616453 1 Welcome to the 2020 Talgarth Walking Festival Our eighth Walking Festival takes place on the 75th Anniversary of VE Day. In commemoration we have several events with a World War 2 theme. We offer walks which guide you through the local history, geology, literature and nature. Explore the area with our knowledgeable leaders who will take you on journeys through the landscape from the wooded dingles to the Black Mountains plateau. The Festival Hub will be based at Talgarth Town Hall Committee Room. It will be the place to check out late availability on walks, and meet off duty walk leaders. We look forward to seeing you at the Festival Bookings You can book tickets for all events 1. online at www.talgarthwalkingfestival.org 2. by post to: John Gibson, Brynglas, Cusop Dingle, Hay-on-Wye, Herefordshire HR3 5RD. Postal booking form on page 27, closing date Tuesday 5th May 2020. 3. in person from the Festival Hub from 8.30am on Friday 8th May 2020, subject to availability. Bookings are not refundable except in the case that an event is cancelled. Please watch our website for information updates and join us on https://www.facebook.com/groups/TalgarthWalkingFestival/ or Twitter @TalgarthWAW Social icon Rounded square Only use blue and/or white. -
Corporate Branding Along The
Horseshoe ridge… 9 miles Brecon Beacons, Powys www.nationaltrust.org.uk/walks A challenging hike in this dramatic, isolated and iconic part of mid-Wales that will reward you Look out for rare with spectacular views of the Beacons and surrounding landscape. birds such as Red Kites (pictured Start: The old pump house, Lower Neuadd Reservoir Grid ref: SO033180 Map: OS Explorer OL12 here) and Ringed Ouzels. The ridge How to get here and local facilities is a great place to Foot: The Beacons Way and the Taff Trail pass close by. see Red Kites Cycle: National Cycle Network Route 8 - Lon Las Cymru and the Taff trail pass close by from Brecon gliding effortlessly and also from Talybont-on-Usk to the east and Cardiff from the South. The infamous Gap road along, searching passes close by and can be joined from the trail at Torpantau. See www.sustrans.org.uk for a thermal and a good meal. Beacons Bus Carries bikes over the summer from Cardiff to Brecon. Train: Merthyr Tydfil (12 miles/19 kms), Abergavenny (48km/30 miles), then catch X43 bus. © Helen Olive www.redkites.net Buses: X43 by Sixty Sixty, Cardiff - Abergavenny. Alight at Storey Arms. See www.transportdirct.info Walkers on Corn Road: Alongside the A470 Brecon to Cardiff (8 miles/12 kms from Brecon) and from the A40 Brecon Du, stopping for a to Abergavenny road, using country lanes to access the site. rest and to take in Facilities: WCs, including disabled access toilets, at the Pont-ar-daf car park 300 metres south of the the view of the Storey Arms along the A470. -
Nant Tarw Stone Circles and Fan Foel Burial Cairn
Nant Tarw stone circles and Fan Foel burial cairn Walk Information: Maps: OS Explorer OL12 Distance: 4 or 8 miles / 6.5 or 13 kilometres Duration: Allow at least 4 hours for the shorter walk, or 7 hours including Fan Foel Difficulty: medium to hard. Includes rough ground without paths and stream crossings. Only to be attempted in good visibility. Map and compass essential and GPS useful. Start and finish: SN 82002714 Walk summary The walk takes advantage of forestry roads and open access land, visiting prehistoric burial cairns, and two stone circles. The ascent of Fan Foel is optional, but gives spectacular views across the Brecon Beacons. The summit plateau consists of Old Red Sandstone which gives much of the Brecon Beacons its distinctive appearance. The rocks were formed during the Devonian age 416-359 million years ago. This area lies within the Fforest Fawr Geopark: http://www.breconbeacons.org/fforestfawr The walk follows a forestry road before taking a footpath onto the open moorland. A series of often narrow and indistinct paths lead to a large burial cairn from where there is the option of continuing to the summit of Fan Foel or heading directly to the Nant Tarw stone circles across moorland with no paths. CPAT historic landscape walks © Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust: available at www.cpat.org.uk/walks 1 Nant Tarw stone circles and Fan Foel burial cairn Introduction The upland ridge of which Fan Brycheiniog is the highest summit at 802m is an impressive landscape and a distinctive local landmark. The steep northern edge falls dramatically to Llyn y Fan Fawr, while the southern side descends gently to the valleys of South Wales.