Corresoondence and Notee on the Early History of the Boy Secfctte of America, R
Corresoondence and Notee on the Early History of the Boy Secfctte of America, r
HARSH MEfc' SPF SPRINGFIELD, MASS. CORRESPONDENCE AND NOTES ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA.
Letters from E. M. Robinson, E. T. Seton, Baden-Powell, Dan Beard, etc. 5176 SETON INSTITUTE SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO
PRESIDENT HONORARY PRESIDENT DEAN ERNEST THOMPSON SETON EDGAR L.. HEWETT 11)1 IA M SETON
BOARD OF TRUSTEE, BXECunvr MRS. HAROLD L. B0TNTON 0IIEANNA HAMMERLY H. CLARK BROWN MRS. MARV IVANS HALL.OCK '..'arch 8, ] ARTHUR H. PFAPF ERNEST THOMPSON SETON MRS. JULIA M SETON MRS JOHN DFWITT VFIIIIH ... 1 \nson, Alden Street, ;field, ass.
Yours of February 20 has reached me on my return home from a v< successful lecture tri . •^ever I go out here I am introduced as the fouler of : outs ite of . it, and my wor ' ori^everywhere except!: at 2 Park Avenue, New York, West had commissioned his as ' . Jjo^write the history of the Boy Scouts. Martin assembled his material^ ot from my copies of " Eaden-Powell 's letters 8 o out flatfooted and said there is no question that t damental idea of the Boy Scouts and all its valuable activities were supplied by Seton long before :• - oared in the field. West was furious; took the whole out of Martin's hands, and Lt all to W. D. rray, .. ) has always been hostile to me. Ls i3 my summary of the situation: There is not at present a satisfactory history of the American Boy Scouts. It must be written the near future. I am not the proper person to write Lt. over- , I have more valuable material about the or' , maybe, than lse. '..'Ill you write it? r startl." ts photostat letters from "aden-Powell. ;3t cannot possibly live two years longer. .. it recent to ster, Minnesota, to the famous "ayo Clinic, got little encourr it from the . :as chiefly a warning to prepare for finis . [ do not know who v/ill take West's place, but it will be one of three men, I am told, every one of them favorable to my views; that is, they want more of my thought and activities in their pro conspiracy is an af .-herein a man is tried, condemned and executed without him knowing that he had committed any sin, without being informed of what t . out being informed about th trial, out being given a chance to face his accusers, or to defend self. 7or . L1 .'-as conspiracy that forced me out of the Scoutcship. I do not to this day what I was accused of. ;-»«lusion to phasize the fact .11 Street took absolute control al 1 tha it imp] send' letter on to West, but will scribble off the last Sincexelicejcely yours
j tf£*LAuStf-v»jUl~j?£-U~<, f^ / ny- 7- y /?! «L/T. S ' i* : • . . /f*% 4 A £-cV<. | *^ C «*>« ^WA^-S« «4f ^ *Sf >V<-C--6^v—^{, ^ ^r /A A^ /*-U>—c^A / Jt- nf /fo, 0-^ ,nrf* <*4~ 'far. /f^ -^/^ /i*4 • /^-^ / -o J*^ V^ r-y^rS •V^J^X'^'/f*-/ ^ *7 &r^C~.<7>»t4- •A. ,«- ^ 1 :^,y/-f^^- **<4o ^ , v^-f T^4. -v^ $r /?£•<> t-p ^ 70 '•• /p6 •/. A P // * tf/o 2r-v S-f-*' /f/0 1^—04, J *—i 'Us^/6k 0 0 P I Blaokmore Park Hanley Swan Worcester, 10, November 06 Dear Setoni I was very sorry to miss you - soft am nore sorry than I oan say that all your dates for Lectures juct acree with the dates on which I an away fror London, Shall you be having any early in December as I have a few days vacant thonj and I am most anxious to hear oneof your addresses. I am studying your article on trades with great interest and will return it. I should like very much to quote it in my remarks to boyson the subjcot. If yo» read my "aids" to Soouting" you will see somewhat similar ideas express, but not "demonstrated" by diagram as yours are, and that is everything in teaohing the young ideas. By the way - do you use lantern slides for that purpose? I propose to do so on the 22nd an., 23rd when I am t lecture to tome h . s - but having never before attempted it, I don't know quite what the best kind of pictures to show* I shall be in town on the 12tht 15th, and 14th. Yours truly, (Signed)R.Baden Powell Telegrams, Hunley 'astie. JsLACKtORli PARK Station, Great .alvern HAMIAKY S AN WORCtfST'R 12.11.06 Dear Jeton: I return herewith, with rery many thanks, your interesting paper on trocks. I propose to quote it in one of »j lectures. Yoare sincerely, R.8.3. BADiiN POWJILL /U. /uy^ BOY SCOUTS. GOSCHEN BUILDINGS. HENRIETTA STREET, LONDON. W.C ^ J ov of N^vrv^,^^ SUx^ r cXU ^[«^ f~^ *A*~< *>*>«-* ttZZA t **. Jf-^5 tr C^yU^ J (^w tr^-C ^ «F~T (•ox^ ;xc ?«..N • ' u i>^«V lr ^ *~Jt J °^ (-Kt o«i Lfi^-K U^aJr t U^ ^ >~3 id-,-* T- V * "^ ^ V^* ^ >-*/> ei*. ^ -(r * Cov~ VI V 0. f >l,jso*c£Z*<*\ COPY Boy Scouts Cosohen Buildings Henrietta Street London, W.C. IS, February 190S My dear Setont Please forgive this sorawl written on the train. I wrote to you the other day in America telling you how I had b en able to make . a start with my scheme of Scouting for aoys, much on the lines of your Woodcraft Indians - and sendn& you the handbook, etc. But now I hear that you are in England and about to visit Wakefield where I was leoturin,; last night. So I send this in the of catohing you there. Do tell me your moves - I should so much like to meet you again and have a chat and get you to meet so.- e people who would interest you. Also i want to know whether your traoki:ig ir:ns arc patent or may I have some made like them, oalli.g them the Seton Traokin,; Irons I have so many requests for them. •>.he a'ove address will always find mej but these next threeor four days I shall be at Newcastle on Tyne {% Sir Andrew Hoblc, Jsemond Dene House) Yours sinoerely, (Signed) R. Baden-Powell P If after perusal of my soheme you oan say a good word for it in your lectures, I shall be very grateful indeed. It teaches stalking and observation and love of animals. The Foundation Meeting oC bhs Boy Scouts of America took plaoe on "'an. 18, 1910, at Christ Church Auditorium, .'.'est 38th Street, b;t een 8th and 9th avenue. .Yard Brad8treet was in the ohair. About 40 present, including Dr. and - iliok, representatives of the Y. M. C. A. and the Playgrounds. "9 .>.ad no knowledge of "'. D. voe's existenoe at the time. On Hay 9, 1910, I dined at the Union League Club with Messrs. Spra^ae, Terry, W. B. V.akefiled, Heald, Robinson, Ober, Marling and othars. This was a committee meeting for organization. That night, Y.akefield, i-eald, Robinson and self went to '.ashington. Next day, at the V.'illard, met for the first time ".'. D. B0yce of Chicago. I learned that he had taken an interest in the Boy Scouts. He went with us to the Committee of Education to ask for a Federal charter, I have no knowledge that he had any incorporation at the time. On that occasion we saw Speaker Cannon. Federal incorporation was refused. W. D. Boyoe promised us $1000 a month for one year to get started. HQ then wholly disappeared. 'e could not reach him by letter or -wire. He was in Europe. in he oarae back he said he oould not afford to carry out this promise, Imt paid us up to date,- §3fQ0-whioh went into the general expense of the office. So far as I know, this is all he ever did for the Boy Scouts. Ha 09rtainly never contributed an idea or valuable suggestion, and why he should appear on the record as the originator of the American Boy Scouts is past my comprehension. ST. INT J We, the undersigned, hbve seen the original documents re ferred to in the above HISTORY OF WOODCRAFT. Their authenticity is be yond question. We have examined the evidence, and agree that, in sum- ./, it establishes the following facts: 1. The Woodcraft, founded in 1902, is tne earliest of the outdoor organizations that were planned for character-building. 2. Baden-Powell's AIDS TO SCOUTING was, as shown by its title, a purely military manual, "for N.C.O's and men", and had no re lation to youth or the development if character in the young. 3. Baden-Powell obtained the BIRCH BARK ROLL or WOOD CRAFT -TTAL from Set on in 1^06. 4. This gave him a new idea, and when in 1908, he announced the 'Boy Scouts', he adopted tae essentials from Woodcraft, but added his military organization, military methods, and military ideals. At the time, he frankly admitted that his motto 'Be prepared' meant 'Be prepared for war'. 5. The special features introduced by Baden-rowell were the mil thought and methods, and the daily ^ood turn, iiany people consider that botn have proved dangerous. 6. To continue and grow sanely, the Scouts must return to the Wood-craft Program,- are, indeed, returning. x x x x x x x Furthermore, the whole world recognizes in Seton the founder leader of the outdoor movement. His books, especially the TOO LIT RES and the BIRCH BARK ROLL, are the exponents of this Blue Slfy Gospel, and hie Woodcraft Indians its first organization. The Boy ats, the Campfire Girls, and the Girl Scouts are obviously offshoots of this parent stem. , 7f^> - OOM May 17, 1010 Mr* W, D. Boyoe Union League Club Chloego, Illinois My dear :'jr,Boyoei At noon today Kr. ©ton and I ealled upon Colonel Bonus and several aerbere of hla staff* I enoloae a list of the ooaplete staff as appointed by the National Highway Protective A soolatlon. I told then of y>ur inter' at In the matter and after some conversation they wer<. entirely willing to Join forees with you and asked eton and as If we wo lei be rilling to serve as nenbore of a ooanittoe to advlee regarding permanent orgenlsrtnn. Colonel Bonus e.pressed his entire willingness to resign and some In under the shadow of your wing if that was the br r-t thing to do. Thsy explained that their t ti a olntlng a staff and publishing 'he na es wae to forestall the movement started by MUlanRandolph Hearst, and as far as I ean disoovsr they are entirely altrulstio In their novepent, but very nlllter. in their ideas. > very aueh hope t t-t you will be able %e arrange a nesting with the e gentlemen on June Srd, I wrote you a few days ago to your Dearborn :*>t, a drees, suggesting t' eposslbility of soourin,; my associate C.C.Robinson for a few movths tsnporer \ ork. This w »ld give fne to look abv.it for a psr»an*nt secretary and we Id also havs a nan at wor'- w«. Id! ig together the different interests and getting the novsment going* '»ur Association has already oy s oute in Paterson, Springfield, ' tioa, Burfalo and ot r po nts and ws are prepared to t on a tranlng soh »ol for sooutnast.ro sovorfl ttles and also at our summer schools. I would be glad If you w uId wire ms whether or not youw oul l*ks to have no go ahead and sngage a temporary s*oretary. I only wish that our International Committee had a nan like youreslf t > bask our snd of this movement, for l oan s so how the % rnlng of two or thrss secretaries loos among our A sedations w vId result in the organising of a very large n.nbei of boye 1 mediately under the most whole a one auspices, and we would have several thousand YM A Boy ooute rsady to affiliate with any dssirable national organisation that night dsvelop. Hoping to hear fron you as your earliest oonvanlenee and with indeet rogards, Vsry truly y urs, (Signed) Be M# ROB seceerpt fron e lett r of ". 'J.Robinson, dated May EC/lO "Mr, John L. Alexander of hlladel-hla, will be the Managing Kdoratery (Boy :oouts of Amerloa) fro June 1st to January 1st, 1 1B0 and will havs ths ofioi formerly oeeupled by !'r.uBvid R. sorter." Exoerptefrom Association Boys, Boy Scout number, Juno 1910. Page 89: "On April 20th, 1910 a bill to incorporate the Boy Scouts of I .'mcrica was referred to the Committee on education of Con- grees and ordered to be printed. This bill was originated by W.D. Boyce of Chicago, etc. National .eadquarters have been opened at 124 Bast 28th Street, New York City, and a Managing Secretary employed. • executive committee and a committee on organization have been appointed" - E.M. ROBIIIbOH Page 106: "The Boy Scout idea is more than popular with the boys of Patterson - Three petrols heve already been organised end many boys have their names on the waiting list. The Rattle onake find Roosevelt Patrols have enjoyed several parties, but the one that they will never forget was taken several weeks ago at the liewark Association, fourteen miles away. There they listened to some sccut stories told by r. hake- field and Mr. Heald, both prominent men in the scout move ment in England." F.O. Van Mess Page 110: "The Boy Scout movement is rapidly gaining in po,ularity here (utica). As in many movement^ itioa is one of the first cities in the country te take up with the Boy Scout idea. In Liarch the first patrol was organised at the YMCA." S.S. Aplin BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA A Handbook of ..oodcraft. Scouting, and Life-craft By :SST THOMPS. x'ON ith which is i "ornorated by arrangement General Sir Robert Baden-Powell's SCOUTING FOR BOYS tblished for the BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA 124 East 28th Street, New York City by Doubleday, Page & Company - w York City 1910 PREFACE My various papers on "Woodcraft and Scouting, herein collected, appeared first, chiefly, in Forest and Stream, 1886 to 1893; St. Nicholas, 1887 to 1890; Scribnor's, 1892 and 4; Century, 1900f The Ladies Home Journal, 1902, 3, and 4, and in Country Life, 1903-4 and 5. Acknowledgment is made to tftie editors of these magazines. The V/oodcraft and Scouting movement that I aimed to foster began to take shape in America some ten years ago. Because the idealized Indian of bha has always stood as the model for outdoor life, woodcraft, and scouting, I called its brotherhood the "V/oodcraft Indians." In 1904 I went to England to carry on the work there, and, knowing Goneral R. S.S. Baden-Powell as the chief advocate of scouting in the British Army, 'invited -2- him to cooperate in making the movement popular. Accordingly, in 1908 he organized his Boy Scout movement, incorporating the principles of the In dians with other ethical features bearing on savings banks, fire drills, etc., as well as by giving it a partly military organization, and a care fully compiled and fascinating handbook All of the last that is applicable in America has be-.:n included here, with due credit to General Sir Robert Baden-Powell, and combined with the Birch-Bark Roll. (The above is taken from the first hastily prepared handbook from the Boy Scouts of America. Souvenir copies of this were presented to the guests at the Vvaldorf-Astoria at a banquet given for Sir Robert Baden-Powell, September 23rd.) If/0 h Greenwich, Conn., fiev. £6, 1916 eard t esc., E lusi lag, . . y dear -sard: I have been greatly surprised lately by seeing a number of newspper and o> iterviews inspired or Ives by you la Lsfe you state t< DU are the "i-'ounder OJ the oy it ovos . . s this fair? Let me remind . o or throe important dates, since it seems to be a question of dates. In April 19 S, after several month's announcement I founde the ooJoraft ovement which no one can deny w s in sseenoe a Boy soout .ovement. In eptember 1905, fear years after my announooment you founded the cons of ,anisl BOSM in avowed rivalry, .hio passed into the hands of the Oman's oms anion and they tell me "that it died out . n 1907 Baden owsll announced his i-oouting work and statei, (pegs 6) that he "was encouraged in the ldsa by ths fact that a somewhat similar organization oundefl by r. eton in America had a toll un wirie-sprsad suooess." In 191" ths Boy :scouts was organised and incor porated in America with myself as Chief. In thie organization the name and about one halt the machinery were contributed by liadeh- owell, practically all the activitiss and a considerable part iiinery, including the anual were contributed by ae. 1st one activity, not one prlno1ps$r, not one law was given to it by you. The great boom that the ovement rsoelvsd robably du« mora to Ba on- owell than to any other one person, though lped. In 1911 you founded your oy ioneers, which believe is still going. I realise that ve done a lot of splendid work since for the boys of America. Tsar contributions to Boy-life are un rivalled and your books are »mong the most helpful in our oys Librarie; . he:/ occupy an unique and important position, but 1 have yet to discover in any of them or your writings prior to ths datss mentioned any hint of the o. const rganisation. Some four years ago hen you brought this matter p I met in the library of the Alpha elta hi Clss and after some talk you gave me your word of honor that you wet ain out forth ths claim to being the ounder oi ths Boy Scouts. A mutual frier ie in at the moment you gave mo your hand to seal the bargain, and am greatly surprised at these recent utterances. henever I am asked I say the Boy cout Organisation is no e work of any one man but of a dozen at the least who slowly worksd it into the sohsme with the same ideal in view. su are indee' the only one who has tried to use the press to exploit olaim as ounder. It is not fair to the many men who have worked for 3 object and especially is it unfair to aden- owell ana it is misws-iev he cause, ouch a course of action is bound to react on yourself. You on think as y ase about it. can say what you like among your private friends, but ths :air and honorable for you now is to make no public olalra to any sueh distinction, hut let the matter be settled by the slow. sure process of history. In the interest of harmony I appeal to ..our manly sense of fair play tp drop the unprofitable discussion together with everything that might tend to revive it. signed ... oy aslne O. 'a lushing, L.I. 11/30/15 Mr. :mest , hompson at on, sd ill oad, enwioh, Conn. uome off, .eton; aon't make a fool rself. ot interested in the dates. avo no knowledge o articles to whioh you refer, i ve neither power nor desire to muzzle press. a make ms tired. Mot guilty! yo really want to fight, wo at you will be welcomed in the trenches as mM II" use let this olose the lnoident. igned Can Beard \, v. 7th, 1917 r. James . est, New York City. dear r. ..est:- I have been trying to refresh my mind with reference to the early days of the Boy Scouts of America. ec- olleotion is that I began to hear of the Boy Scout work in England as early as 1908, but it did not attract my attention to any p;reat extent before the year 1909. In the summer of 1909 certain Scout features were introduced in our ^tate Y U C A Boys' camps in ."assachusetts - Gamp Becket and Jamp Durrell. This you will find noted on page 114 Association Boys for June 1910, in an article by . ibson, the State Y H C A Secretary for boys, in which he says: "..'e found scout craft to be a most excellent thing for o r and expect to do more of it this year (1910) than last year . There were 30 boys in Camp Durrell and 23 at Ca 3eoket, who won the emblem for their sweaters for proficiency in scoutin ." Accompanying the foregoing article is a photograph of the boys who won the emblems in 1309 at Camp Becket. I have no doubt but that their ideas of scouting were obtained from the ual. In the same magazine, Association Boys, June, 191 , you will notice that Scouting had already been under way in tl . at Paterson, N. J. under the direction of Mr. . . ess, (now of the Y. . ..A. oughkee ' , rj ;field, "ass. under "rsefield, (then a student in the Y. . . A. colle ... . est - 2 rin :"icld - a native of England), and in Utica Y. "er . . • ilkesbarre, ?enn.) 1 in states in his article that their first patrol was organized in '.'arch, 1910. In another document I find that there were Boy Scouts in a Buffalo Y. . . . revious to May 191 . So far as I am aware all of the it activities were due to local enterprise and each entirely independent of the other. • : 93 of Association Boys of June, , you wi]l note that • . ;t::, 1909, a .'iblic meeting was called in Toronto 1 ' th the Scout mov In Jreat Britain. At that meet:; they accepted the offer of a room at t' . ... as headquarter:-. 7ement. Later in an article ( • - 97, mention '-ade as follows > "Ar ' s have been :".ade for a lay petition in tent-pitohing, si - nal" ' , life-savin.-, fire build! J. vari< • es. re ace s artic] i 11 variety was well under way in Canada in May 191 . ' ! •sation with Mr. J. A. . . Jhioago had incorporatr rioa in the District of Columbia •uaded Mr. Van Dis to accompany me to in order to in- tervii -. yoe, and c -d, Mr. Van Dis, ( aven) Ldent of th . ... college, and I called u] '. yoe. :ained to him that there were already a number . . .A. troops exist' various ". . . .'s -posed that he unite "fort with ours, looking towai ational Lzation. rea lily agreed. *r. ' . .... . auditorium of th .... time Mr. , Wakefield wer t. eir steam' not la '1 the next morning and resentatio- ade that eve~ . hompson Seton and myself. I am under the ression that it was the eveni ay 6th, that in the parlour of the 23rd Street branch of °*id cleared up many 'nds ce to the Scr a- en visited . .J. eald a >n ac- ton to appear wit! ... the I ttee on Educatioi . . on touting, i r cities. a carl my files ay 17, 191 , a cop; I attach. Is letter indio . on oeton and I had that day-ailed - 4 ness to ... carbon also tes that ' tional roteotive tooiati ressed it:: : to join force .... had practi cal t that tim< , , . '3 wi? • . ' ts its mo- 1 . ^or- am Verbeck of , . ". Lthin a f( 1 of this date, - ' 1- oouts of which 1 1 SQ recollect voluminous correspondence -n in either , . or Salina, ans. ent in t] other States. I c :a, but that think il .."• . , •k, at whj ndians, •- , represent! the >nal tective Association: t-Genen r eck, ri ationa" seven. ... . . s t - 5 izatior a ' ally represented or not. In addition to t representative men such • . Lck, ... zander, . ratt, . . Tay, eth ^ rague . do not recall whet ard was present or not, but I . r. ion Seton was 0 as chairman of the nation v/as to . . 1 incoi es tion was rais' . 'nbt. ... Lve. '?re , 1. rintendent of Schools, raxwell. -.Hear .-.-••. •. describee' . I remembr that the various other 3 already ther ^ be an; of any ad tional movement of that character. r. oGrath's reply was to tl ct that the o* cout m< ;s could come in under the banner of the American -outs. it was also ted that of America was unfortunate t was s le to confusion with the other name Boy Scouts of America, and inquiry was mad< •" • , 8, if he na,-ie America osen becaui zation was b» romoted by "Tl I tory of the movement after this date is comparatively clear and not thii .ill be difficult to establish any of tl the for- rhioh I depended upon my recollection raJ an documents. I am sending a copy of this to John . Lexander Lnto this movement in the summer of 191- a' at that t! well infor what I ceded, indest regards, irs, Lgned ... BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA v. UNITED STATES BOY SCOUT. MEMORANDUM of conference between Mr. Ed,';ar M. Robinson, Boys' Work Secretary. International Committee YMCA and S.S. Gillam at 124 East 28th Street, Hew York City, Wednesday, November 7th, 1917, at 11:30 AM. Mr. Robinson remembers that he was following the Boy Scout Movement in England through information received at YMCA headquarters even previous to the year 1910 and was somewhat interested in the movement, as it pertained to boys' work. In the spring of 1910, he bep,an active work tc institute a Boy Scout organization in connection with the YKCA. Already Boy Scout troops were in operation in connection with the YMCA at Buffalo a nd Utica, Paterson, M. J. and Springfield, Mass. In Kay 1910, Mr. W.B. Wakefield of England and Mr, Charles Heald arrived in this country from England. Mr. Wakefield was a personal friend of General Baden-Powell. In the latter part of April, 19J0, Mr. Robinson was in Michigan on Boys' work and while he was there Mr. J. A. Van Dis (who is now in the YMCA in New Haven) (who at that time was in the YMCA work in Michigan) brought to Mr. Rob inson's attention a notice in a newspaper that the Boy Scouts of America had been incorporated in February 1910 by Mr. W.D. Boyce of Chicago, publisher. This news lead Mr. Robinson to take action at once as it showed that the Boy Scout movement in which he was interested had already been given a definite organization. Mr. Robinson and Mr. Van Dis went at once to Chicago from Michigan. There in company with Dr. L. L. Doggett (Who is now President of the Springfield YMCA College at Springfield, Mass) oalled on Mr. Boyce and put it u= to him; that is they stated that the YMCA had a strong organization and a number of boy scout tropps in connection with various local YMCAs. Mr. Boyce replied to the proposition that he would be glad to join with the YMCA; that they already had the machinery and as he had the corporation it would be -2- well to combine his corporation and the YMCA machinery. This meeting took place as Mr. Robinson states, after refreshing his recollection by examining his expense accounts for that time, on May 3rd, 1910. (The present address of Charles E. heald, National Boys' Secretary YMCA of England is 13 Russell Square, London, E.C. Mr. Heald will undoubtedly remember his visit to America in May 1910 as he is a methodical man and keeps records. The address of W. B. Wakefield is also 13 Russell Square, London, E . C . ) (It may be that the visit of Wakefield and Heald was not until May 6th or 7th, 1910, but they were clearly here on those dates, for mr. Robinson has his expense records for their e.- tertainment. ) At the time that Mr. Robinson, Van Dis and Doggett, called en W.D.Boyce, in Chicago, or a subsequent data, Mr. Boyce offered to give to them $1,000 a montfa to finance the movement, and he did give Mr. Robinson $1,000 at that time. Mr. Boyce -shortly after want to Europe. His partner gave vl,000 more 1910 to the YMCA and on October 18th, Mr. Robinson who had gone to Chicago re ceived a check for >2,000 from Mr. Boyce. This was all that Mr. Boyce felt that he could give. Mr. Boyce telegraphed to Mr.Robinson about the 5th of May 1910 (Mr. Rob inson has this telegram in his possession and showed it to me today) to meet Mr. Boyce at Washington and appear before the Eduoational Committee of Con gress to speak in favor of a Federal Charter. On May 10th, 1910, Boyce, Heald, Wakefield, E. M, Robinson and probably E. T. Seton were in Washington before the committee. The Register at the Hotel Willard will show that they were there . Mr.Robinson visited Springfield, Mass. on May 17th, and personally talked with Boy scouts in uniform there who were members of the troop which the -a- Springfield YMCA had organized some time previously (The Young Men's Christian Association had a number of troops in actual operation before May 17, 1910). Before May 17, 1910, Mr. Robinson and Mr. Seton called on Colonel Peter Bomus, and Mr. Lorillard Spenct. r at the Army and i>avy Club. At that meeting, Col. Bomus who had been actively considering the establishment of a Boy Scout or ganization, known as the United States Boy Scouts, and as an army man was in terested in the military side of it, consented to merge whatever organization he had been able to get together with the Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Robinson distinctly remembers that he was brought back by Mr. Spencer in his automobile. Colonel William Verback of Manilus, New York, the head of a Military School there had also been considering organizing a boy scout organization, known as National Boy Scouts, and also an Englishman at Salina, Kansas (Or Sedalia, Mo.) had organized a number of boy scout troops and they had adopted emblems, uniforms, badges and other insignia. On May 18, 1910. Mr. Robinson wrote a letter to Mr.Boyce, copy of which letter Mr. Robinson now has in his possession, stating to Mr. Boyce that all these various elements had agreed to come in to :e part of the Boy Scouts of America organization. (It will thus be seen that the situation is this: W. D. Boyce already had been impressed by the English Boy Soouts some time in 1908 or 1909, when he was in England and was struck by the particularly able service rendered to him by English boy Scouts; he got his incorporation through on February 8, 1910. Then Mr. Robinson brought the YMCA element in to ch with Mr. Boyce. T is was without any collaboration with Ernest Thompson seton. Then, later he oonferred with Seton, Bomus, Cornell and Verbeck, and b;- May 17, 1910, he had obtained the consent of all these different elements to come into the organ ization which the YMCA was taking steps to bring about) -4- The June 1910 number of "Associati n Boys" contains a number of articles which corroborate many of these statements and serve to shed light on the activities of the YMCA. Mr. Robinson states, therefore, that by May 18, 1910, when he wrote the letter to Mr. Boyce, the Boy Scouts of America were organized and the employ ment of travelling secretaries was proposed at National headquarters, and various local troops in active service. The work soon became too heavy tor Mr. Robinson and he turned it over to Mr. John L. Alexander, (whose present address is >o International Sunday School Association, Mailers Building, Chic ago, Illinois) as a paid secretary and Mr. Alexander was secretary from that time until January 1st, 1911 when Mr. James E.West became secretary. S. S. Aplin (whose present address is % YMCA, Wilkes-barre, Pennsylvania) knows about the Boy Scout troop established at Utica by the YMCA before May 1910. Mr. H. W. Gibson (whose present address is 167 Tremont Street, Bsston) used scouting in his summer camp whici. he held in the summer of 1909, Preston G. urwig, State Sunday School Association of Pennsylvania, was the assistant to John L. Alexander shortly after he began as secretary on June 1st, 1910. It was about that time that the American Boy Scouts first came into existence. Mr. Robinson believes that the first that was ever head of it was in the columns of the i:ew York American shortly before William R. Hearst called a meeting at the Waldorft Astoria. Mr. Robinson was nvited and was present at that meeting. General George W. Wingate, W. H. Maxwell, Supt. of Schools of hew York, E. K. Coulter and Dr. Luther H. Gulick, were also present by invitatio:. at the Hearst meeting. Mr. Robinson remembers that the meeting was during the rare, weather for all the windows were open and it is his impression that it was the latter part ofMay. Mr. McGrath, Hearst's secretary was also present. It was then and there that Mr. Hearst -5- made the proposition to organize the American Boy Scouts on a national basis. Mr. Robinson stood up in the meeting and advised the meeting that the Boy Scouts of America was already inexistence and that it would not be well to have rivalry between the organizations. Mr. McGrath answered that if theBoy Scouts ofAmerica wanted to come in with them, it could do so, but otherwise, they would go ahead with organizing the American Boy Scouts. The exact date of Hearst's meeting is important and may be obtained from the files of the New YorkAmerican. Mr. Robinson thinks it was about June 3rd, 191G a meeting of all of those interested in the Boy Scouts of America was held at 124 East 28th Stre New York City. It had been called by Mr. Robinson and those associated with him. At that meeting which was a very re resentative gathering there ..'ere present ... D. Murray, Dr. Luther H. Gulick, George D. Pratt, Lee Hammer, E. K. Coulter, John Sherman noyt and Ernest Thompson Seton, . T. Seton was made chairman of the Committee on organization and given a year in which to complete the organization. (John L. Alexander will remember the name of the English gentleman at Salina, Kansas, who had one of the original boy scout troops) General Baden-powell visited America probably in September 1910 and a luncheon, afternoon meeting and banquet were held at the Waldorf Astoria, Mr. Robinson remembers quite we11 that W. B. Wakefield made the original connection between General Baden-Powell and the Boy Scouts of America and he believes he distinctly Kmembers that the American Boy Soouts wqs never approved by General Baden-Powell and that the Boy Soouts of America was ap-..roved by him. He knows that Mr.Walefield recommended to General Baden Powell that he affiliate h:.mself with the Boy Scouts of America. -6- n Mr. Dan Beard and I met Baden Powell in his room at the Waldorf Astoria, in the morning. Later we with ^eton called on Roosevelt in his office at the Outlook - at noon we were guests of the George D. Pratt in the University Club, Fifth Avenue. A photograph was taken on the roof at 124iast 28th Street showing Beard Seton and Baden Powell in a group. No photo can be produced showing Baden Powell with any one of the American Boy Scout officials. (Colonel George C.Cornell was in the Highway protective Association, Colonel Peter S.Bomus was to be found at the Army and xiavy Club, and his Boy Scout organization was entirely a paper affair. Colonel William Verbeck may be found through St. John's Military School at Manlius, New York) Mr. Robinson stated that Mr. Boyce' original inc or-.orators were not active in Scout work. Mr. Robinson stated that as soon as the Boy Soouts of America as a national movement got under way after the call on Mr. Boyce, in Chicago, things moved very rapidly indeed. . F. 0. Van Ness % YMCA, Poughkeepsie, New York, wrote an article in the June 1910.number of Association Boys about the troop of Boy Scouts in Paterson, N. J. Edwin D. Horsfield, A Colle ge, Springfield, Mass. wrote an article in the same number about the troop at Springfield. By writing to J. T.Bowne, librarian of the YMCA College at Springfield, we shall be able to find any printed matter that they may have about this early troop and he can also give us the address of Mr. Horsfield. This meeting may have followed the Hearst Meeting, and was called by Mr. Robinson. Colonel Bomus and Colonel Verbeck were present and Colonel Cornell had been invited, so that the net result is that about June 3rd, 1910, all of the various persons interested in the boy scout movement except nearsts' American Boy Scouts, had merged in the organization fostered by the JA, namely the Boy Scouts of America. -7- W. B, Wakefield came to America again later on in the summer and attended the Seton camp of "Woodcraft Indians at Silver Bay, beginning about the 15th of ;st, 1910. Seton and Wakefield both spoke at the Inaternational YMCA convention in Toronto, in 1910. Dr. Luther H.Gulick, will remember a meeting held in the office of John D.Rockefelle r, Jr. at which Mr. Robinson was present and they went over the financial difficulties of the Boy Scouts of America. This was probably after June 1910, possibly as late as October. Apparently, Mr. Boyce' partner did not think that Mr. Boyce was given enough publicity in connection with the Boy Scout organization for he had sent photographs to Mr. Robinson to be published, and these were not published and little was said about Mr. Boyce in relation to the Boy Scout movement. ...r. Robinson had been advised to take this course due to the fact that Mr. Boyce having been recently divorced and there being a number of rumors in con nection herewith. • Mr. Boyce returned;he refused to further support the or- ganizalion, the check for 2,000 given to Mr. Robinson at Chicago on October 19th, 1910, being the last financial support received from Mr.Boyce. Mr. West's early records should be searched for correspondence from E, M. Robinson. It appe ars that unless the Hearst meeting vas held prior to May 18, 1910 there can be no question about the prior organization of the Boy Soouts of America. "1 OF BOY SCOUTS OF ICA implied by a Special Committee jointed by the Scout Executive, B.S. • of Spr ingfield, cons isting of Edwin R. hire - Ralph . Elli8, Jr, :embor 18th, 1923 Yhe Librarian, .... College Library, 'fcy ir: - By the dirrection of Scout Executive, J. Hamilton Lev/is, I am sending you herewith a copy of -ly -ory of the Scout work in Springfield." ial was gathered together by a '-too appointed by the Local Council two years ago composed of the late Edwin ipshire and myself. The material was largely -ed together by Mr. Lampshire but duo to his sudden death there .vas a delay in mi .-oport and I have only just finished putting the notes together. Cordially yours, (Signed) Ralph . Ill is, Jr. iiLY HISTORY OF SCO! FORE'.VORD rial in the following article was obtained fr newspaper Clippings, 1910-1917; Annual Reports, 19! L7; The iroop 15 Annual, 1915-1917; The Bay Path Scout, 1917-1918 and personal correspondence or conferences ;vith Dr. Charles . ..akoling, Donald C. h, the late Edwin Lampshire, L. . DeGast, Fred Stephenson, and Professor Ralph L. Cheney. This material in some places supplements and in others corrects the Thesis on the Boy Scout Movement in Springfield written by Konneth E. Canficld as his graduation Thesis at '. .C.A. College in 1918. STORY i !LD It is impossible to c the exact date on which scouting first started in Springfield, but as far as can be ascertained it was in tl ' titer of 19CC. Dr. harle . keling, a student at th -field Coll' also assistant to Mr. ... . , then Boy.-' -. ;orctary of the local Y.M.C.A. , became int:.' ly acquainted with Edwin -sefiold another student at the College who had recently come to this country from Scotland. , while having no active associa tion with the Boy Scou"" Work in England, interested to such an oxtont pproached Mr, DoGas h the suggestion that Boy Scout Work be c. Lzed in Springfield. A committee con sisting of . oGast, Mr. horse .... , nd •keling assumed charge of the work, and ace to the early records, they organized 'Troop 1 at the ". . . . It is known what a socond troop at Forest rd at Unity Church also organized, but in February 1910 re ports show that Troop 1 was assigned to Unity Church and Troop 2 to the Y. ... is latter troop apparently luring t] ly months of 1910. .7.r. Edwin tire, also a student at the College and a former Scout official in England, together with . . 'aw of the College also assisted in the organization, an.. out Council organized in 1910 had the following officers: ,ent, Thomas •; Vice-President, Thornton Burgess; Secretary, L.W. DeGast; -treasurer, H.G. V.'obster. -2- bruary 8, 1910 Mr. Ec. shire was sent to the meeting of the Rational Council held at yew Yo< . . r. Horse- field, s first Scout Commission r, 3ft the city in April 1910 and r. ampshire was elected Scout Commissioner. :-ticle in the Boston Sunday Globe some le spr:' of this year, contained a f lumn cut of the four organizers of scouting, as well as about three columns of news items on Scouting in Springfield, ;ates he first organi zation in this country although io doubted by the Lational Organization. / f ^r- nwich, ^o m., ..I/'/ ~8 Lr. George J. Fish- r, Boy bco ts of hin rica, «.0D Tifth AV . fcy ir Dr. Fish r: I hav your letter or Sept.11th, in which you resent Lication that the BOY SCOUTS Ls a military organization course-, I lenderst that all officials of th BCO required to tak- this sta.id, but p th- following i Bade- 11 organ'. Lab ROY . , he tol t i ant it to be a "feeder for the The motto he s< Lect c "I ant pr^par for war; and especially for th Gr at I ar of 1914, which he then clearly foresaw. His SC0UT5 were avowedly a strictly military organization, Lng militar_, t rras andTTET'.':, Id by array officers and arill rgeants, clan in th . lunte* i th African »ar; I 6 s army recr , , but using a staff or t .d of a ausket; giving .. nil!tar lut , an< on tradition; trained i . arm,; signalling, ; , /ing, ;uting among hostiles, first aio to , stretcher- ring, rill, r target practice; fi ..ith thr idea that their highest all-g t Lr o , not to principle* .. i c tinually told t at Tommy Atkins »as the scout ideal. I .?.»s book, frankly and o: .' , but in th- 19J8 - omitting t I .kins, but portraying r. C« sliminatio made of all th' al, a v o. c pt so . K war longs - jingo patriotic . ' whol? stress was laic dut of rvi< ; a v r tl rfect d 1 b L< i n [ my Atki . . If t- st tl Lags do not a - military organizatio. , _? In the August oi , ..?. vent to the war office on, .dJ B r m I ith my 40,000 Boy Scouts,- an army trai.. and r rtfic . Thi. .-.hat it was for." X h affirmation OT thest tho ght and L< ,1 have just had In a p rsonal letter from B.P. On Oct.23,1927, concerning t ^coutiug, he writes that he hao !' c t print-' . tl Lng oh • Ls young soldi t army." \ in his publisl .P. cl ' that th-- Boy Scouts d by Lor. cil in Mafeking 1898 as a juv branch oi the array. Now, l'or the BO. AM RICA. to follow Baden-Powell, to be, J , tern or can gro.p. Th v- adopted his military organization, Ls and activiti v gom v-n further in the t or purpose as foil I : of the boy *ts of nm rica Ls Just this* to inflartu th« civic t mp r, to develop th virile milJ virtues." (Handbook for 8coutenasters, 1924, p.473), I .a th. frank statement Is nade that "Scout drill is based on the Infantry drill regulations of the U.S. ^rray." (Soouta t PI • I ial, edit! ., . J. Ih€ handbook is saturated throughout with the military iaea that one's highest allegiance to gov rnment, not to priaci 1 . Lhui , th cout is tolu that he "sho-ld so learn to discipline ano c >ntrol himself that h i ) thought but to obe; PS of his officers." (Official Handbook, 191L,p.l;>). Had such teachings dominated ^merica in 1776, there would hiiV i no 0 states today. Caa any system 1 '--d to Prussiani. rica? And y t you say it is not miliWr . .•oodcrait, th older c me, dj om th': Scouts in itals: It C »ut, QOt to p, but to make a man. It eliminates all military training during the period of growth. It ./ Lopment along the four ways,-Body,Mind,Soul, >clal. 1 couting I I Lth the first and la t of During th i lutio.: 'eriod, , on th one sid-, Colonists, trained as woodcraft rsj on th- oth r, th-. Hessians, th military training, which would b< your c! 3ur son? Hoping that th ict will hv.v an illuminating . !., I r- nai , Yours faithf lly, In r to your H t a,-aft r long and car-.f 1 obs rvation, I object v r ma- strongly to military training ,j/or .chllar .n, . It at oia. two grou. : ,-o Lc r , trained to comm.ua, inc Leal, domin ring; mnd rank and fil , ~t sped in a rlority, s rvll , oringing, blindly ob t, bound in loyalty not to big] but to th ir sup rior ofi'i- 0 Ps, trained to stlfl- conscience, and do as they ar tola without a thought . . r visibility, to b n.r soulless tools of authori. . In both o and Ben, it inculo corn for tl ir- ing (heir budge and uniform. Th. Jiiigo s irit, th' a nuacious unfairness, th". dlsgu ting insol-.-nc oi ch brought up in solciorism, I hav n a thousand tim , Ld« r it I ; tods . It was beoause G rmanjf's ch D • r trained in this th u^ht th t lav was n '. bl . AO tr ouiig Al ricani in tl sum Ls t gi with, c rt I th r gr it war of aggression in the near futui . Mil ling i.- /•••uufc ra-.p is anoth~r matter, -t may be an ': - 1 of national security. But we must fir. t lay a 30und of ch^ract r. I am r as possibl froi t .... tt Ping the Gr r, I volunt I for active s rvic , .roll . with j b. . But I cannot forg' t that all hi tory sounds the warning that early training in military thought La ti .'on stone oi' military u tism. Baa 1 frankly avo Ls purpo • t Britain. I should not Ilk' to UOh a process b gun i.i iaa rica. 9- Of all the shocking,immoral things ited by the Boy Scouts, f>leL.t: ' , t- waking of traffic cops of small boys- setting chil ithority orer growups. Ag ; nd gain heard t) boy cops t> Lng ' i th iner of the "ew Jfort ,-talking to elc r . i ana women of evident bility. "Here you, g t out o-' t . • hell are yo going? L»o you think you are running this town?* T ged to talk that waj t , »p ' . In the suam< r of 1 lii I vas InTit d by r the Menagerie birector t /d>ng out of a Ject in Central Park, ... Boy f,couts coming thoutiag at u , vulgar 1 ge« "HT you, c't off this grass. couts. th-t you obey th .." I havi several tim s ;v,ara the th : t at "the DCOVL:. t sol.,' , but rath r, pol solci r is a man of a proved • hysi tue, trained in t ie of s to enforce th'. comou t tmtry's gov is not supposeu to have opinion of hie^-own ana especially in mass formation has no ^ cretionai v: . ... oliceman I ly th! . I c- t that he is enrolled by a ilpalit - the gov-rnm'rnt. y HISTOKK In 190^ I f'ounaea the Vioodgraft_Inpi.c»nj5 (See Laaies Horn . Journal •for May, 190;-) . My model was the id al Indian, - athletic, strong, brave, an outaoor man, kind, dignii'i u, and r.sei" Lth Strang rs. In 1305 Dan Bearc in a spirit of rivalry founded the £>ons of 1 Boone, ana held up the border outlaws as models, every one of those mentionea, including Daniel Boon1', was a murderer, at Va shameless liar,. -*t*t*=ax£ »w44aw.(See Hec on for Jun^-, 1905.) Beai-a aaopted my program of activities. In 1308 Bauen Powel announced the boy Scouts, adopting rny_ program activities, but holoing up as a rodel, Tommy ^tkins, an athletic, stroii^, , kindly character, but utterly servil; to superiors and undignifiea all the tim--, chattering with every passing stranger as an olu acquaintance. The daily gcoc turn, (borrov.ea from the ^pworth League) has, e-cept for acv oses, since been abandoned as take. Your leaaers Ln genera] up the pionec scouts models for boys. But please note, it is only -nils u^ aalap t.eings that the Pioneers have any appeal. In the other, the farm part oi their lives, the boys rind no interest. Boy T-couts went to burope some time ago, their only activity that ap; al a to the burop^ans was the Indian dancing. This made a hit, as do all things Indian. ."(COPY) MEMORANDUM RE: EDGAR 11. ROBINSON AND THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA Edgar $. Robinson of the Y.M.C.A. was associated with Scouting from the earliest days of the Movement and maintained an active interest in the organization. His services were in valuable. In recognition of his outstanding service, the Boy Scouts of America in 1926 conferred upon him the eighth award of the Silver Buffalo for distinguished service to boyhood. The citation for this reads as follows: "Edgar M. Robinson, social worker, who served with Mr. Lee F. Hammer, in developing the organization of the Boy Scouts of America. His far-reaching work for boyhood as first head of the Boys' Work Deportment of the Young Men's Christian Association, has expression in practically every branch of that organization. Now Secretary, Boys' Work Division, International Alliance of Y.M.C.A.-a." MRG.-BK 2/26/31 Kxcerpt from the handbook "Boy Scouts of America" Printed 1929 1910 (Boy Scouts of ica) Incorporated February 8th under laws of District of Columbia and opened temporarily National Headquarters at Y.M.C.A. International Office, 124 East 28th Street, How York. A promotional meeting was held (at the National deadquarters of the YMCA), June 21st, with representatives of thirty-four national organizations. Sir Robert Baden-Powell was enter tained at a dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria on September 23rd. Before the close of the year an official uniform was adopted, the country notified of the new Movement, and 762 Scoutmasters enrolled. 1911 vional Council Headquarters established at 200 Fifth Avenue, New York city, January 2nd, 1911, Mr. James West and seven employees. April 14 19o0 INT L Y0UN3 M»«fl 1 ION COLL SPFINQFIFLD MAS LIT HI IN I Aaguif-h, John L '07 Scout Executive Boy Scouts of Aneric Bass Block • 80)9 o >un St :ort •ayne Ind Bonnamaux, ;harlea L '04 Boy .couts of Prance cretary Paris Prance Canfield, Kenneth E »13 >ut Executive Boy "couts of America ncy Council ~ Building uincy Kass Danton, John '11 cout Kx^cutlve Boy "couts of America Philad 1 Prayer, Harry K »17 out Executive Boy ."coats of America Le Pa Freeman, Judson P •OB Director nroferrlonal Train ing, Boy ts of America Dept of Education - 2 Park Ave Hew York City c/o Boy rcouts of America Oeaae, Arthur L ' 38 Chauncey Street Boston Mass ( tudying this year at Springfield College) Boy Scout Executive Hill, Frederick C »05 Bo. ts of . merica 5b Allyn ftreet Hartford Conn Malconison, Edward " B »12 Office Secretary anenectudy Cornell coats of AnericI 243 ftate 'trect c-.enectiidy N T Miles, Nile !•. '18 out Executive Boy 'couts of America rie County Council 920 -albridte Bldg Buffalo N Y Parker, Richard "Hour '22 rcout Executive Boy rcouts of America Newport News Va Patricc, Herbert L »20 ecutive Boy "couts of >. ric Portland alas -2- Randel, ...... le '04 Field ecretury & Asst to President - Boy Scouts of .merlca - Hendrio ison Council - St CUod Bldg Osslning N Y Reigner, Albert L »1 I Scout Ex-cutive Boy scoutB /f /.fjieri Che. ter City Council Cheater Pa Ross, i'azen * »26 >ut Executive Boy rcouts of Ameri Auburn N Y reymour, Roy F '04 Regional Scout Executive Boy Scouts of America lladelphia Pa Thomas, Frei »16 "co jt ltive Boy '"couts of America Youngstown Ohio Tyrrell, Lewis R »26 Scout Executive North in "treat Methodist Church Oloverrvllle N Y Warner, Elmer 0 «27 ecutive Boy soouts of merlca Bridgeport Conn •caver, Grant P »26 . sst icut ve Boy 'couts oi America ilmlngton Dela *rlghtf Samuel F »1J. cutive Eoy scouts of America Orange Council etropo'itan Bldg Orange N J '09 Fisher, George J Deputy National Bo. Scout Contmi ssloner Hew York City Boy co its of America CHAPTER XXI SOME EARLY PAGES OF THE HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA To adequately set forth all of the facts related to the development and organization of the Boy Scouts of America would require a volume as large as this entire book. Especially is this so because from the very outset the Movement was, as it is to-day, dependent almost entirely upon volunteer leadership for its success. To even list the names of those who have substantially con tributed would require more space than conditions make possible. Therefore, it will be necessary to limit this chapter to those facts which are of value because they help to interpret and make clear the objectives of the Boy Scouts of America. The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated un der the laws of the District of Columbia, February 8, 1910, by Mr. W. I). Boyce, Edward S. Stewart and Stanley Willis. Mr. W. D. Boyce employed the attorneys and brought together the men who participated in this initial step. It is significant that Mr. Boyce's in terest was occasioned by an actual experience which he had in London typifying the basic " Daily Good Turn " principle of Scouting. While seeking a cer tain location in the congested part of London, a lad noticing his bewilderment, saluted and asked if he might be of service. Mr. Boyce accepted his offer and upon reaching his destination offered the boy a shilling. The boy courteously refused the offer by saluting and saying: "A Scout accepts no reward for a courtesy or good turn " Mr. Boyce 472 History inquired as to what he meant, and the boy, express ing astonishment that everyone did not know of Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts, asked permission to take him to the headquarters of the English Boy Scout Association. This resulted in Mr. Boyce bringing with him a trunk load of literature to America and taking steps for the subsequent incor poration of the Boy Scouts of America. Believing that the incorporation under the laws of the District of Columbia would not adequately meet the needs of an organization which promised such possibilities in service for the nation's boy hood, an effort was made to secure federal incor poration through a bill introduced March, 1910, in the House of Representatives, known as II. R. 24747, with the following named as incorporators: Mr. Frank W. Gunsalus, Mr. Charles H. Stoddard, Mr. Roy O. West, of Chicago, 111.; E. J. Spencer, Mr. William H. Thompson, of St. Louis, Mo.; Mr. William J. Starr, of Madison, Wis.; James Gordon, of Okolona, Miss.; Mr. John A. Brashear, of Allegheny, Pa.; Mr. John J. Lentz, of Columbus, Ohio, and Mr. Colin 11. Livingstone, of Washing ton, D. C. In the published hearings early in May before the Committee on Education, to which this bill was referred, the following statements appear: A STATEMENT FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE COM MITTEE ON EDUCATION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRE SENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES ON H. R. 24747 — (1910, pages 9-10). " In England, Canada, Germany, France, and Australia, the Boy Scouts, organized and directed by Lieut. Gen. Baden-Powell, has met with phenomenal success. It is an institution for instruction and training in good citizenship. During the two years since its beginning it has enrolled 350.000 boys and is rapidly growing. There is equal need and opportunity for such an organization in the United States. The Need If boys are to grow into sturdy, self-reliant, productive citizens they must have much outdoor life and get the training in personal^ initiative and resourcefulness, keenness of perception and alertness in action, courage, cheerful obedience, ability to command, self-control, ability to do team-work and the other manly qualities than can be developed in healthy outdoor sport. Congressional Committee Report 473 Modern conditions in homes and schools are gradually withdrawing boys from the open and we are as a nation fait losing the type oi citizen that was developed on the farm and in the country schools where every boy lived much in the open, played games for the fun and adven ture of the game, and relied upon his own personal initiative for suc cess. The great majority of the rnen who have been the leaders of the United States, the men who are responsible for tiie vast progress tho country has made in exploration, in invention, in development of natural resources, in commerce, in legislation, and in all arts of war and of peace have been men trained in the open, who came from tho 'arm or country village, or if born and educated in the city have had the advantage of much country life. The great reason for this is that the boy reared in the city has too much done for him, while the boy reared in the country must do for himself. The pasing away of the old-fashioned "chores" done by the boy in the home, on the farm, and in caring for the domestic animals has taken out of education a factor that no improvement in educational methods and equipment has replaced. And then every bov of the older day played his full part in all the sports of the field and playground while the majority of the boys in the modern town oi city, whether in or out of the schools, must be content with watching the games played by the regular teams, amateur or professional. The few which "make the teams" are in danger of overtraining, while the many are undertrained or not trained at all. The Purpose Prof. William James, in his " Moral Equivalent of War," a peace document published by the American Association for International Counciliation, says: " The martial virtues arc absolute and permanent human goods. * * * So far war has been the only_ force that can discipline a whole country, and until an equivalent discipline is organized I believe that war must have its way." He goes on to plead for universal peace among nations without tho loss of the manly virtues that have been developed in times of great national stress. And concludes: "The martial type of character can be bred without war. » * * The only thing needed henceforward is to influence the civic temper as past history has influenced the military." The purpose of the Boy Scouts of America is just this: "To in- I flame the civic temper." to develop the virile military virtues in a J nation that means to live at peace with all the world. But it is true: " If you are going to do anything for the average man you have got to begin before he is a man. The chance of success lies in working with the boy not the map." — Theodore Roosevelt. "Save a man. you save one person; save a boy and you save a whole multiplication table." — John Wanamaker. " The boys of the nation are full of enthusiasm and spirit, and only want their heads to be turned the right way to become good, useful citizens. * * * They want a hand to guide them at the crisis of their lives when they are at the crossroads where their futures branch off for good or for evil." — Lieutenant-General Baden-Powell. The purpose of the Boy Scouts of America is to utilize the boy'a leisure time under competent and sympathetic leadership, to popularize a large number of outdoor games and occupations of various.sorts in which each boy can have a full share, and to provide the incentive that will attract and hold the boys by means of a compact, well- organized national body. It is the purpose to supplement all existing educational advantages and not to replace any of them. 474 History Early in the summer of 1910 it was deemed wise to secure for the Movement a more representative and substantial hacking. A conference was called of representatives from 37 different organizations having a definite interest in hoy life. At this Con ference Mr. Colin II. Livingstone acted as Chairman. As a result of this meeting a Committee on Perma nent Organization was appointed, consisting of Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton, Chairman; Mr. Lee F. I lanmer, Secretary; Mr. George I). Pratt, Treasurer; Dr. Luther II. Gulick, Mr. Jacob A. Riis, Mr. Edgar M. Robinson, Mr. Colin II. Livingstone, Mr. Daniel Carter Beard, Adjutant General William Verbeck and Col. Peter S. Bomus. The original incorpo rators under the laws of the District of Columbia, under the leadership of Mr, E. M. Robinson, were persuaded to turn over to this newly organized committee all of their rights and responsibilities under the original incorporation. Men of national reputation and experience in work for boys were invited to associate themselves with the Movement as members of a National Council, which, through an Executive Board, was given full power and au thority to direct the Movement. I'ri >r to this time a great number of groups of Boy Scouts had been organized in various parts of the United States using the English literature and equipment. The publicity given to the incorpora tion of the Boy Scouts of America in the daily press and magazines soon made necessary the opening of a national office, which was established at 124 East 28th street, New York,, N. Y., through the courtesy of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association. Mr. E. M. Robinson, the Senior Secretary of the Boys' Work Department of the International Committee, as well as other mem bers of his staff and boys' work secretaries through out the country, gave considerable time and effort in furnishing leadership for the development of the Movement. Through the courtesy of the Russell The U. S. Boy Scouts 475 Sage Foundation, Mr. Lee F. Hanmer was detailed to give considerable of his time in helping the Move ment. Mr. John L. Alexander was employed as Managing Secretary to give his full time in looking after the correspondence and developing pamphlets and necessary emergency literature. Mr. Preston G. Orwig was employed as Field Secretary for ex tension work. Fortunately about this time, the infant organiza tion was honored by a visit from Lietitenant-General Sir Robert S. S. Baden-Powell. A dinner was ar ranged at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City. The presence of the General and the publicity gained did much to focus the attention of the American people on the Boy Scouts of America as the real organization of the Boy Scout Movement in this country. Unfortunately, the enthusiasm of the general public throughout the country in accepting the Scouting idea led to the development of a number of movements unrelated to each other. Happily, however, all of these organizations were led to merge in and with the Boy Scouts of America with the exception of the American Boy Scouts, which was incorporated on June 9, 1910, organized under the patronage of Mr. William Randolph Hearst. This organization was the occasion of considerable embarrassment and while it subsequently changed its name to the United States Boy Scout, it finally .became necessary in 1917, after many years of the most patient effort in trying to secure amicable recognition of their rights, for the Boy Scouts of America to enter suit against the " U. S. Boy Scout" — " that the defendant, its officers and agents and each of them be enjoined and restrained from using in its name or otherwise the words ' Boy Scout,' or ' Boy Scouts,' or the words, ' Scout,' ' Scouts,' or ' Scouting,' or any adaptation thereof." This was necessary to protect the boyhood of America from exploitation at the hands of various groups 476 History LTBUT.-GEN. SIR ROBERT S. S. BADEN-POWELL who might and indeed did use the word "Scout" for ends which did not involve for the boy the character develop ment program which Sir Robert S. S. Baden-Powell had made basic in the word " Scout." The U. S. Boy Scout alleged the existence in England of a second (short liz'ed) " scout" organization which " laid special stress upon military training and discipline," thus distinguishing sharply the two organizations. This meaning of the word "Scout," the " U. S. Boy Scout" sought to introduce in the United States. The Badcn-Powcll Testimony 477 The issues as developed by this suit made necessary the testimony of Lt. Gen. Sir Robert S. S. Baden-Powell as to what he had in mind in organizing the English K y Scouts Association. The following quotations arc taken from the records of the Supreme Court of New York State: " Interrogatories to be administered to Lieutenant General Sir Robert S. S. Baden-Powell, of London. England, a witness to be examined under the commission to be issued pursuant to order entered herein on the Mth day of December, 1917 " (in connection with the suit in which he) as " witness, personally appeared before me on the 24th day of May, 1918, at 10:30 o'clock in the forenoon, at the American Consulate General, 18, Cavendish Square, London. West, in the city and county of London, England, and after being sworn to testify the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, did depose to the matters contained in the foregoing deposition, and did. in my presence, sub scribe the same and endorse the exhibits annexed hereto.' • •••*•• THIRD: Kindly give a statement in full as to the origin of the Boy Scout Movement, making the statement as full, complete and detailed as you can. To the third interrogatory he saith: In 1893-1894, when serving with my regiment, the 13th Hussars, I realized that the ordinary peace train ing oi soldiers for service in the field was not sufficiently practicable, and I therefore carried out classes of training in my squadron for the men individually in Scouting and Camping. In 1897-1898. having been transferred to command the Fifth Dragoon Guards, I carried on similar training, but on improved lines, with a view to developing character, as well as field efficiency, since this was largely lacking in lads coming on to tho Army from the ordinary school. My lectures and practices were collated and published in a small hook, "Aids to Scpuung." During the South African War, l£aaU9J30, Major Lord Edward Cecil, my Chief Staff Officer, organized the boys of Mafeking ns a corps for general utility on Scout lines rather than those of Cadets and the experiment was an entire success. The experience taught one that if their training was made to appeal to them, boys would learn rapidly and also that boys were capable of taking responsibilities to a far greater degree than was ordinarily believed if only they were trusted. In 1901 I raised the South African Constabulary on lines of my own, the principles of which were practically those of the Scout training applicable to men. The troop was made a small unit, in order thai the Commander should be able to deal with each individual on personal knowledge of him; the system of patrols was initiated, of six men under a leader. Responsibility was thus given to the junior non-commissioned officers, and emulation between the patrols produced a good spirit to the higher standard of efficiency all around. The human side was appealed to, and the men were trusted on their honor to a very large degree in carrying out their duties. Their uniform for field work was the cowboy hat, shirt, green tie, and shorts. Badges were awarded for proficiency in different lines of work. On my return to England in 1903 I found that, among others. Miss Mason, head of a training school for teachers, had adopted "Aids for Scouting" as a textbook for their instruction in observation and educa tion as a step to character training. In 1904 I schemed some ideas for Scouting as a training for boys. In 190S I had a conversation with Sir William Smith, the founder of the Boys' Brigade, as to adapting the training for boys, and I offered to write a book for them on the lines of "Aids to Scouting " as a means for enthusing the boys and giving the wider scope and greater variety to their training for citizenhood. In 1907 I held a trial camp for Scout training, Brownsea Island, at which I had boys of other schools to experiment on, and its result exceeded my expectations and prompted me to go on with the idea. 478 History The training was based on that which I had employed with soldiera and with the constabulary, with some adaptation to make it suitable for boys, following the principles adopted by the Zulus and other African tribes, which reflected some of the ideas of Epictetus, and the methods of the Spartans, ancient British and Irish for training their boys. I also looked into the Busbido of the Japanese as well as the more modern method of John Rounds for dealing with boys, and Jahn for their physical culture, as well as those of today put into practice by Sir William Smith, Seton Thompson, Dan Beard and Jahn, more especially because he put into practice in modern times the idea of Livy of volun tary associations of boys for improving their physique and developing their patriotism. In 1908 I brought out the Handbook of the training entitled "Scouting for Boys" in six fortnightly parts. A number ot troops were started in different parts of the United Kingdom before the series was half completed. Although I had only anticipated that Scout ing would be taken as an additional attraction for their boys by the "Boys' Brigade" and "Church Lad Brigade", it became evident that a separate movement was required to deal with a number of boys who were taking it up unconnected with these bodies. In 1910 the Boy Scout Movement had grown to such dimensions, numbering 123,980, that I felt it incumbent upon me to leave the Army in order to take the Movement in hand. FOURTH: State the conditions and facts which led to the develop ment of the Scouting idea, giving the sources of the suggestion as to the name, program, form of organization, activities and the like. To the fourth interrogatory he saith: With a view to making the subject appeal to boys and to meet their spirit in adventure, I held up for their ideal the doings of backwoodsmen and knights, adventurers, and explorers as the heroes for them to follow. These I grouped gen erally under the title of " Scouts." In their camp life, boat work, pioneering, and nature study one could find all the attractions for a boy which at the same time would be the medium of instruction. I worked it out partly from my own experience and partly from the general feel ing of what was lacking in the training of the average school boy. The deficiency lay chiefly in the direction of character and general intel ligence; skill of handicraft; services for others and for the State; physical development and health knowledge. The activities and prac tices of Scouting were, therefore, framed as far as possible to develop these attributes. IDEALS. Honor was made the high ideal for the boys; the Scout law, on which the movement was hinged, was taken from the code of the knights. ADMINISTRATION. Was decentralized as much as possible, since I had seen how greatly other movements were hampered by their centralization. ORGANIZATION. The troop was purposely kept small in numbers in order that the Scoutmaster should have personal knowledge of each of his boys, this being the only possible way for developing the char acter of the individual. The patrol system was adopted from that of the Constabulary, and for the same reason. An extensive system of badges was instituted as in the Army and the Constabulary for excel lence in different branches of work. THE AIM. The aim of the movement was to make good citizens, and for this reason it was judged unnecessary to introduce military drill. SEVENTH: What was your purpose in forming the Boy Scouts organization? Please state as fully as you can the ideals you had in mind, the defects in existing boys' work which were planned to be remedied and any other matters which will throw light on your purpose. To the seventh interrogatory he saith: My purpose in forming the Scout organization was to counteract, if possible, the deterioration, moral and physical, which shortened our rising generation, and to train the boys to be more efficient and characterful citizens. The defect in existing boys' organizations was plain that they were not sufficiently attractive from the boys' point of view, nor wide enough in their scope of their training, nor sufficiently varied, to meet the changeable nature N. Y. Supreme Court Decision 479 of the boy (e. g., the Boys' Brigade made the boy's ideas partially by a semi-military organization with military drill, but the training under lying this was mainly that of the Bible Class. Boys' Clubs were generally intended to give better environments outside of the class and factory walls, but failed to supply activities sufficient to hold the boys). Although the United States Boy Scout as defendant urged that the 'plaintiff has no right to an exclusive use of either the term 'Scout' or 'Boy Scout,'" the fact was so clearly established that the Boy Scouts of America was the American development of the original English ideal and use of the word Scout that eventually judgment was given by consent protecting the Boy Scouts of America and restraining the United States Boy Scout from continuing as such. In part this judgment of the Supreme Court of the State of New York decreed as follows: " It is ordered, adjudged and decreed that the defendant (the United States Boy Scout), its successors and assigns, its directors, officers, agents and employes, and each of them be and they and each of them hereby are enjoined and restrained from using in its or their name or names or otherwise the words ' Boy Scout' or ' Boy Scouts ' or the word ' Scout,' * Scouts,' or ' Scouting ' or any adaptation thereof. from using in any manner a uniform similar to the official uniform of the plaintiff; and from doing any other act intended to or the natural and probable consequence of which would be to confuse the defendant in the mind of the public with the plaintiff or with said Boy Scout movement. And it is further " Ordered, adjudged and decreed that the defendant, its successors and assigns, its directors, officers, agents and employes and each of them, be and they and each of them hereby are enjoined and restrained from referring to themselves or any of them as successor or successors to an organization using in its name the words ' Boy Scouts ' or ' Boy Scout' or the word ' Scout,' ' Scouts,' or ' Scouting.' " The demand for information from all parts of the country compelled the hasty production of a mass of literature giving an outline of the movement. Six hulletins were written and a revised edition of the English Handbook for Boys hastily prepared under the direction of Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton. The organization will ever be under obligation to Mr. Seton for his unremitting zeal and effort to produce this book and for his willingness to send it out in an uncompleted form in order to meet the insistent requests from the field. President Taft cordially consented to serve as Honorary President of the organization and Col. Theodore Roosevelt as Honorary Vice-President and also as Chief Scout Citizen. Honorable Cifford Pinchot consented to serve as Chief Scout Woods man. Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton was elected as First Executive Board 481 Chief Scout, which office he held until 1915. Mr. Daniel Carter Beard, Adj.-Gen, William Verbeck, and Col. Peter S. Bomus were elected National Scout Commissioners, in which position Mr. Beard has continued to serve.t Other men of national repu tation accepted membership on the National Coun cil. The following men were elected as representa tives of the first Executive Hoard, with Mr. Liv ingstone as Chairman: ' W. I). Boyce *Mortimer L. Schiff *W. D. Murray Seth S.Terry *Colin 11. Livingstone Lucien T. Warner "George D. Pratt Lee F. Hanmer *Frank 1'resbrey h'.. M. Robinson And tin- following ex-officio members: 'Dan Beard Adj.-Gen. Wm, Verbeck Ernest Thnmiis.ni Seton Col. Peter S. Bomus Following a number of meetings in New York of the Executive Board anil various committees there of, during November and December, James K. West became Executive Secretary (later changed to chief Scout Executive) of the Movement January 1, 1911, and opened up permanent headquarters in the Fifth Avenue Building. The first meeting of the Na tional Council was held February 14 and IS in Washington, D. C. The members assembled in the East room of the White House and were ad- dressed by President Taft. It was the unanimous opinion of those present at this meeting that dif ferent committees should consider all chases of the t The Boy Scouts of America hM been fortunate from the very start in having as its National Scout Commissioner Daniel Carter# Beard, more familiarly known by many_ as "Dan" Beard. Commil long before the organization of the Roy Scouts of America, did pioneer work through his books and magazine writing and through his organizations known as the l'.oy Pioneers and the Sons of Daniel Boone, in appealing to boys to follow the outdoor life and develop the - of sterling character. Tie should be recognized by every Srout in among American out-of-doors workers with t • Th -ire still (192K) members of thr Executive Board. 482 History Movement as it had been developed in different countries and thus determine what revisions, if any, would be helpful in the Scout Oath and require ments to thoroughly adapt them to the needs of the American boy. These committees were the Committee on Standardization of Scout Oath and L,aw, Tenderfoot, Second-Class and First*Class Require! with Professor Jeremiah W. Jenks, then of Cornell (Jnirerfity, as Chairman; Committee on Permanent Organization and Field vision, Mr. II. S. Braucher, Secretary of the Playground and Recreation Association; Committee on Badges, Awardi and Equipment, Dr. George J. Fisher, then Director of Physical (education of the International Committee of the Young -Men's Christian Association, as Chairman; Committee on Finance, Mr. Mortimer 1,. Scliiff, Chairman. It was agreed at the National Council meeting at Washington in 1911 that the reports of these committees should be acted upon by the Executive Board as representing the National Council and in cluded in an American edition of the Handbook for Boys. The committees worked earnestly and de voted much time and thought to the consideration of meeting their duties. This was especially true of the Committee cm the Scout Oath and Law and Standardization of the Tenderfoot, Second-Class and First-Class Requirements. Because of its funda mental importance to a full appreciation of the dis tinctive features of the Boy Scouts of America, a comparison is given in full of the Scout Oath and Law of the English Boy Scout Movement and that which was adopted May, 1911, by the Boy Scouts of America. As evidence of the thoroughness of this and other efforts to Americanize the Boy Scout Movement, it is interesting to note that after the committee had spent nearly four months in con ference and study, the recommendations of the Com mittee on Revision of the Scout Oath and Law were submitted to the college presidents of the country with the specific request that either the president individually or a designated group of his specialists be requested to share in the responsibility of passing upon the suggested revision. As a result of this wide censorship, the Scout Oath and Law took its present form: Scout Law Comparison 483 ENGLISH BOY SCOUTS BOY SCOUTS OF ASSOCIATION AMERICA THE SCOUT'S PROMISE THE SCOUT OATH " On my honour I prom " On my honor I will do ise that I will do my best. my best: 1. To do my duty to God 1. To do my duty to God and the King. and my country, and to 2. To help other people at obey the scout law; all times. 2. To help other people 3. To obey the Scout Law. at all times; 3. To keep myself physi cally strong, mentally awake, and morally straight." THE SCOUT LAW THE SCOUT LAW 1. A SCOUT'S HONOR 1. A SCOUT IS TRUST IS TO BE TRUSTED. If WORTHY. A scout's honor a scout _ says " On my is to be trusted. If he were honour it is so," that means to violate his honor by tell that it is so, just as if he ing a lie, or by cheating, or had taken a most solemn by not doing exactly a oath. given task, when trusted on Similarly, if a scout offi his honor, he may be di cer says to a scout, " I rected to hand over his trust you on your honour to scout badge. do this," the scout is bound to carry out the order to the very best of his ability, and to let nothing interfere with his doing so. If a scout were to break his honour by telling a lie, or by not carrying out an order exactly when trusted on his honour to do so, he may be directed to hand over his scout badge, and never wear it again. He may also be directed to cease to be a scout. 2. A SCOUT IS LOYAL 2. A SCOUT IS LOYAL. TO THE KING, and to his He is loyal to all to whom officers, and to his parents, loyalty is due: his scout his country, and his employ leader, his home and par ers. He must stick to them ents and country. through thick and thin against anyone who is their enemy or who even talks badly of them. 484 History 3. A SCOUT'S DUTY IS 3. A SCOUT IS HELP TO BE USEFUL AND FUL. He must be pre TO HELP OTHERS. And pared at any time to save he is to do his duty before life, help injured persons, anything else, even though and share the home duties. he gives up his own pleas He must do at least one ure, or comfort or safety to good turn to somebody do i: When in difficulty to every day. know which of two things to do, he must ask himself "Which is my duty?" that is "Which is best for other people?" — and do that one. He must Be Prepared at any time to save life, or to help injured persons. And he must try his best to do a good turn to somebody every day. 4. A SCOUT IS A 4. A SCOUT IS FRIEND TO ALL, AND FRIENDLY. He is a A BROTHER TO EVERY friend to all and a brother OTHER SCOUT, NO to every other scout. MATTER TO WHAT SOCIAL CLASS THE OTHER BELONGS. Thus if a scout meets another scout, even though a stranger to him, he must speak to him, and help him in any way that he can, either to carry out the duty he is then doing, or by giv ing him food, or, as far as possible, anything that he may be in want of. A scout must never be a SNOB. A snob is one who looks down upon another because he is poorer, or who is poor and resents another because he is rich. A scout accepts another man as he finds him, and makes the best of him. " Kim," the boy scout, was called by the Indians "Little friend of all the world," and that is the name that every scout should earn for himself. Scout Law Comparison 485 5. A SCOUT IS COUR 5. A SCOUT IS COUR TEOUS: That is, he is TEOUS. He is polite to polite to all — but especially all, especially to women, to women and children, and children, old people, and old people and invalids, the weak and helpless. He cripples, etc. And he must must not take pay for be not take any reward for be ing helpful or courteous. ing helpful or courteous. 6. A SCOUT IS A 6. A SCOUT IS KIND. FRIEND TO ANIMALS. He is a friend to animals. He should save them as far He will not kill nor hurt as possible from pain, and any living creature need should not kill any animal lessly, but will strive to unnecessarily even if it Is save and protect all harm only a fly — for it is one of less life. God's creatures. Killing an animal for food or an animal which is harmful is allow able. 7. A SCOUT OBEYS 7. A SCOUT IS OBEDI ORDERS of his parents, ENT. He obeys his par patrol leader or scoutmas ents, scoutmaster, patrol ter without question. Even, leader, and all other duly- if he gets an order he does constituted authorities. not like he must do as soldiers and sailors do, he must carry it out all the same because it is his duty; and after he has done it he can come and state any rea sons against it; but he must carry out the order at once. That is discipline. 8. A SCOUT SMILES 8. A SCOUT IS CHEER AND WHISTLES under FUL. He smiles whenever all circumstances. When he can. His obedience to he gets an order he should orders is prompt and obey it cheerily and readily, cheery. He never shirks not in a slow, hang-dog nor grumbles at hardships. sort of way. Scouts never grouse at hardships, nor whine at each other, nor swear when put out, but go on whistling and smiling. When you just miss a train or someone treads on your favorite corn — not that a scout should have such Note: Suhsc<|ucnt changes appear in italics. 486 11 istory things as corns — or under any annoying circum stances, you should force yourself to smile at once and then whistle a tune, and you will be all right. A scout goes about with a smile on and whistling. It cheers him and cheers other people, especially in time of danger, for he keeps it up then all the same. J Not in present law. J The punishment for swearing or using bad lan guage is for each offence a mug of cold water to be poured down the offender's 9. A SCOUT IS sleeve by the other scouts. THRIFTY. He does not It was the punishment in wantonly destroy property. vented by an old British He works faithfully, wastes scout. Captain John Smith, nothing, and makes the best three hundred years ago. use of his opportunities. 9. A SCOUT IS He saves his money so that THRIFTY, that is he saves he may pay his own way, be every penny he can, and generous to those in need, puts it into the bank, so and helpful to worthy ob that he may have money to jects. He may work for keep himself when out of pay, but must not receive work, and thus not make tips for courtesies or good himself a burden to others; turns. or that he may have money 10. A SCOUT IS to give away to Others BRAVE. He has the cour when they need it. age to face danger in spite of fear, and has to stand up for the right against the coaxing of friends or the jeers or threats of enemies; and defeat does not down him. 10. A SCOUT IS 11. A SCOUT IS C/.l-.LY IX TIIOCGIIT, CLEAN. He keeps clean in WORD, AND DEED, body and thought, stands that is, he looks down for clean speech, clean Upon a silly youth who sport, clean habits, and talks dirt, and he does travels with a clean crowd. not let himself give way 12. A SCOUT IS REV to temptation cither to ERENT. He is reverent talk it or to think, or do toward God. He is faithful anything dirty. A scout in his religious duties, and is pure and clean-minded respects the convictions of and manly. (N'atc: Added others in matters of custom in 1912.) and religion. Americanized Handbook 487 It is indeed significant that the change in the Scout Oath places emphasis upon the Scout keep ing himself " physically strong, mentally awake and morally straight" and upon the three additional Scout Laws, namely, A Scout is Brave, A Scout is Clean and A Scout is Reverent. Every Scout and Scout official will take pride in realizing that the Boy Scouts of America is distinctive among all Scout movements because of this fundamental twelfth Scout Law emphasizing the importance of reverence in the training of the boy. All the steps in the development of the Boy Scouts of America were made in harmony with this fundamental point of view of those responsible for Americanizing the Boy Scout Movement. In June, 1911, the first edition of the Americanized Handbook for Boys, based upon Committee work under the direction of an editorial board consisting of -Mr. William D. Murray, Mr. George D. Pratt and Mr. A. A. Jameson, made its appearance in proof form. This edition was limited to 5.000 copies and every one was sent to a Scout official or some other man engaged in work for boys for censorship and suggestion. Thirty days were allowed for this pur pose and then the book took its permanent form and has with minor corrections run to a total edi tion of a million and a half copies. Next in importance to the fundamental ideals as provided for by the Americanized Scout Oath and Law is the fundamental difference in principles of organization of the Boy Scouts of America from that of any other movement in or out of Scouting the world over. Its organization has been conducted since its development in America on a purely demo cratic basis. Although not required by the terms of its charter or original incorporation, the Boy Scouts of America has utilized the principle of rep resentation in all of its development and operation. The Constitution and By-Laws, see page 549, makes this very clear, as does the charter on page 545. 488 History With the cooperation of Lieutenant-General Sir Robert S. S. Baden-Powell, there were formally transferred to the Boy Scouts of America all of his rights and title. The United States J'atent Office granted to the Boy Scouts of America full pro tection by patent letters No. 41532 and 414112 to the Americanized design of the first-class badge. Registration In 1913 the Boy Scouts of America developed another scheme which was distinctive to it among the Scout movements of the world. Prior to this time all of its statistical data had been based upon estimates. This was found to be not only unsatis factory but misleading and weak in a character de velopment movement where truth and accuracy are of fundamental importance. The registration plan developed an important educational factor, namely, of instilling in the mind of the Boy Scout in a very definite manner a clear cut realization that he was connected with a nation-wide movement which was supported by the national organization, as evidenced by the certificate given him over the signatures of the President of tin: United States and oilier national officials. Furthermore, it made possible an exten sion of the Scout principle of the boy aiding to pay his own way and as a matter of fact, since the in auguration of this registration plan, the Boy Scouts of America has been a self-supporting movement for all of its ordinary operating expenses. The money secured by contributions from individuals and local councils has been devoted to extension and field work. Federal Charter On June 15, 1916, Congress, because of the accom plishments of the Boy Scouts of America, granted a federal charter. The report of the I louse Committee on Judiciary in recommending favorable action on this bill is as follows: Congressional Report 489 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 64th Congresi Report 1st Session. No. 130. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA. February 7, 1916.— Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed. Mr. Gard, from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted the following REPORT. iTo accompany H. R. 755.J "The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 755) to incorporate the Boy Scouts of America and to protect its insignia, having carefully considered the same, beg leave to submit the following report with the recommendation that the bill do pass. "The Boy Scout movement is not one seeking to promote a juvenile military system, but is intended to supplement and enlarge established modern educational facilities in activities in the great and healthful out of doors where may be the better developed physical strength and endurance, self-reliance, and the powers of initiative and resourceful ness, all for the purpose of establishing through the boys of to-day the very highest type of American citizenship. " It tends to conserve the moral, intellectual, and physical life of the coming generation, and in its immediate results docs much to reduce the problem of juvenile delinquency in the cities. The move ment has grown rapidly during the past few years, until it is now organized in practically every community of 4.000 inhabitants and over, and in many smaller communities of the United States. During the past two years boy scouts have demonstrated the value of the educa tion and training they received as an auxiliary force in the mainte nance of public order and in the administration of first-aid and prac tical assistance in times of great public emergencies. Their services on the occasion of the Ohio floods, at the Gettysburg reunion, in the inaugural ceremonies of President Wilson, and at the recent memorable reunion of the Grand Army of the Republic in Washington attracted National-wide attention and received general commendation, particu larly from the American National Red Cross and the officials of the Federal and State Governments. The importance and magnitude ot its work is such as entitle it to recognition and its work and insignia to protection by Federal incorporation. The scout scheme is based upon the methods involved in educating the boy. It is a scheme of placing the boy on honor. In addition to requiring him to live up to a standard or code of laws, which insures development of character along proper lines, it requires him to study in order to pass certain tests of qualification. The passing of these various tests is recognized by the award of appropriate Badges ot medals and insignia. " If any boy can secure these badges without meeting the required tests, the badges will soon be meaningless, and one of the leading features of the scout program will be lost. Likewise, with the uniform which designates the scout. At the present time this is protected by the use of insignia —a seal woven or stamped into the cloth. All of these various badges and insignia are at present protected by the patent laws, but under the patent laws such protection is available for a limited period only. The passing by Congress of this bill will, it is believed, provide the organization with proper protection for Us dis tinctive insignia, the integrity of which is essential to the mainte nance of the movement, and protect it from those who are seeking to profit by the good repute and high standing and popularity of the scout movement by imitating it in name alone. " The identical language of this bill was incorporated in the bill with amendments thereto, known as H. R. 19907. which was reported from the Committee on the Judiciary on February 3, 1915, with a recommendation that it, as so amended, do pass." 490 History Following incorporation by Congress, Mr. Beard, in recognition of his service to the boyhood of the Nation, was made an Honorary Vice-President of the Boy Scouts of America. In February, 1917, the Boy Scouts of America, through its National Council, adopted the present Constitution and By-Laws. Because of the seven years of experience and service it was possible to incorporate into the Constitution and By-Laws the results of the experience in such a way as to make it possible for new groups of people to readily and intelligently utilize its progiam of service. There has purposely been put into the Constitution those principles of organization and policy which were considered of fundamental importance by those who have been responsible for the development of the Movement with its original incorporation. Among the principles to which special attention is invited is the definite recommendation of the im portance of religious instruction and the explicit prohibition against anyone receiving a certificate of leadership in the Boy Scout Movement who does not declare his belief in a God and demonstrate that he is an American citizen or has legally taken steps to become an American citizen. Space does not permit a review of the gradual development of the movement from year to year, but it does seem appropriate to include in this statement a summary of some of the more important items. MEMBERSHIP FIGURES, BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA Since January 1. P'l-1, including lone scouts. No registration was kept during 1910-11-12 1,009,194 Now inactive because ot age, other service, etc.. 2,225.-115 Active, November, 1928 (including lone -cout,I /83.77V Boys Reached 491 y TENDERFOOT. SECOND CLASS AND FIRST CLASS BADGES ISSUED FROM 1911 TO DECEMBER 31, 1926 Tenderfoot :oml Class First Class Total 1913 60.015 16.271 4,247 1914 62.637 1-1,365 4,543 81,545 » 1915 M.626 18.253 5.758 107,637 22.295 5.651 132,491 1917 162,761 42,625 13,134 218,S2U 1918 164,102 18,095 237,039 1919 24,101 242,221 1920 20,891 240.587 80,828 38,765 311.481 191,886 76,016 44,283 285,486 1922 165.187 61,576 388,054 1923 224.989 121.710 79,265 447.009 1924 121.327 70.630 236.493 428,450 133,942 447.991. 1926 246,205 158,493 89,493 533.015 1927 285,099 2,553,095- 1,080,756 548,213 4,202,064 nation plans 5.227 88,213 Grand Total 2.622.856 109,3X1 55.'.Jin 4.290.277 ' merit badgi -i 1911 83 Total merit b.vltfc examinatioi in 1912 1.906 • Total merit ! ed in 1913 5,521 I passed in 1914 10,499 m 1916 15,050 •-.-•tit badge examinations passed MI I'M" 26,728 1 tal merit badg in 1918 30,160 Total merit badge examinations passed in 1919 72.142 tal merit badge examinati in 1920 65.728 -.1 merit badge examinal I in 1921 11' tal merit badge examinal 1922 144.268 Tnt.il mi- • laminations passed in 1923 151.109 Totai merit! ed in 1924 149.784 25 19 Tot Ige examinations passed in 1926 294.114 Total merit badfie examinati I in 1927 372.251 Total merit L.-KIBO examinations, 1911-1927 1.655.787 RECAPITULATION OV EAGLE, STAR AND LIFE BADGES 'is M" '20 '21 I '26 '27 Total Star 648 881 1667 2598 2782 2769 2612 12608 14110 15530 55557 Life 667 1146 1610 2667 2628 2621 2434 4143 6569 276 468 629 1306 2001 2196 3264 3980 4516 5713 24073 !lV 1591 2495 3906 6571 7411 7586 B310 20731 2S19J 27064 1 "Any adequate hist irical summary should close as this began by recognizing the magnificent service and influence of the Scoutmasters and other volun teer leaders who have patriotically made possible these services to America's boyh 1 " JAMES E. WEST, Chief Scout Executive. 492 "Three Fundamentals" PRESIDENT COOLIDGE'S MESSAGE TO BOY SCOUT TROOP The Boy Scout Jamboree Troop of 56 Inns won World Scout Championship ai Copenhagen, Denmark, in i'<-'4. They experienced a "big thrill" on the occasion of the farewell dinner which was tendered to ihein on July 25th. The Scouts and their friends were the guests Of the United Stales Lines, on ilu- S.S. Leviathan, on which they sailed. President Coolidge telephoned to them from the White House a farewell address: "There was no Boy Scout organization in my boyhood, but every hoy who has the privilege of growing up on a farm learns instinctively the three fundamentals of Scouthood. "The first is a reverence for nature, Hoys should never lose their love of the fields and the streams, the mountains and the plains, the Open places and the forests. That love will be a priceless possession as your years lengthen out.'* There is healing in the trees for tired minds, and for our overburdened spirits there is Strength in the hills, if only we will lift up our eyes. Remember that nature is your great restorer. "The second is reverence for law. "I am thrilled at the thought of my audience tonight, for I never address hoys without thinking that anion;,' them may lie a boy who will sit in this White House. Somewhere there are boys who will lie presidents of our railroads, presidents of Colleges, of hanks, owners of splendid farms and useful indus tries, members Of Congress, representatives of our people in foreign lauds. "That is the heritage of the American hoy. It was an active, magnificent courage when our ancestors set up a nation wherein any boy may aspire to anything, That great achievement was not wrought without blood and sacrifice. Make firm your reso lution to carry on nobly what has been so nobly begun. "lit this nation under your guidance he a finer nation. Re solve that the sacrifices by which your great opportunities have been purchased will he matched by a Sacrifice on your part that will give your children a better chance. "The third is a reverence for God. It is hard to see how a great man can he an atheist. Without the sustaining influence of faith in the divine power we could have little faith in our selves. We need to feel that behind US is intelligence and love. Doubters do not achieve; skeptics do not contribute; cynics do not create. "Faith is the great motive power and no man realizes his full possibilities unless he has the deep conviction that life is eternally important and that his work, well done, is a part of an unending plan. i^Pf §^0X01^ W4®ffiB&£@& NATIONAL OFFICERS ^^^^ORIGINALL Y INCORPORATED GRANTED FEDERAL CHARTER MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD FEBRUARY 6.1910 BY CONGRESS.JUNE 15.1916 CYRUS ADLER COLIN H. LIVINGSTONE HERBERT HOOVER, HONO»»«Y PRCSIDCNI BRUCC BARTON MILTON » WILLI4M H. TAFT. HOKO»««Y VlCt PRCJIOENr NATIONAL COUNCIL OFFICES DANIEL CARTER BFARO CHARLES C. MOORE CALVIN COOLIDGE, HONOR»«Y VICE PICSIDEHT ROBERT K.CASSATT WILLIAM D. MURRAY COLIN H. LIVINGSTONE. HONO»»AI»Y VICE PRESIDENT PARK AVENUE BUILDING BARRON COLLIER KENNETH O'BRIEN DANIEL CARTER BEARD. HONOR««Y VICE PRESIDENT CHARLES C. COTTINQ JOHN M. PHILLIPS OEOROE O. PORTER WILLIAM G. MCADOO, HONORARY VICE PRESIDENT 2 PARK AVENUE W. H. COWLES All RED W, OATER QEORQC 0. PRATT WALTER W. HEAO. PRESIOENT, CMICAOO, III. FRANK PRESBREY MARSHALL FIELD MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, Vice PRESIDENT. OYSTER B*Y, N. Y. PHILIP t JOHN H. FlNLEY MILTON A. McRAE. ViCE PRESIDENT, DETROIT, MlCHIOAN FRED J. FiSHER Q. BARRETT RICH VICTOR F. RIDDER CHARLES C. MOORE. VICE PRESIDENT. SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. THIRTY-SECOND TO THIRTY-THIRD STREETS STUART W. FRENCH THEODORE ROf LEWIS QAWTRV BOLTON SMITH, Vice PRESIDENT, MEMPHIS. TENN. MORTIMER L. SCHIFF HOWARD F. Oil . JOHN SHERMAN HOYT. VICE PRESIDENT. NEW YORK BOLTON SMITH .. HEAD DANIEL CARTER BEARD. NATIONAL SCOUT COMmsaiONER ROBERT P. BNfl PARMtLY HERRICK CHARLES L. SOMMERS MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONER FRANK 0. HOOVER DANIIl A. TOBIN TELEPHONE LEXINGTON 3200 GEORGE 0. PRATT, TREASURER CLARENCE H. HOWARD JOHN P. WALIACE JAMES E. WEST, CMiei Scour EIECUTIVE Oil! iOOWSS-^OtKAMfH Mfw YORK" JOHN SHERMAN HOYT MELL R. WILKINSON GEORGE J. FISHER. DCPUIY CHIEF SCOUT ExecuTive February 14, 1930 FREDERIC HERNOCHAN FRANK W. WO/I N Mr. E. !,!. Robinson., International I.M.C.A. College, Springfield, Mass. Dear Mr. Robinson: Delighted ortunity of doing as you request your r of the 11th. I woul'J appreciate it very much if you -ou I let me knov/ what there is In the Springfield library. I wonder if they have our HA S? I am enclos- irv -ges from the Handbook as it was published some years ago. I would be glad to see that any suggnstions you make as to cha his are given prompt attention. : have as a project in our five year rogram the develo - men+ of an accurate historical statement of Scouting. I 1 not been • to have us attempt this until there v/ere sufficient resources to have someone assignr o it scientifically and fairly. All th: data we can get bearing on the early history of Sco .ill be received gratefully. You must have a great sal in your file3 that v. rov,- light on thl h kind regards, I am Sincerely and cordially yours, BOX SCOITCS OFAMIPJ.CA g, &t*>-^y Scout Executive, /TM ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE AODRESSED TO THE BOY SCOUTS Of AMERICA. " OE_ PREPARED*' •" DO A GOOD TURN DAILY" 2 PARK AVENUE. NEW YORK CITY. December 31, 193 0 Mr. W. H. Baumgarten :A Monroe, N. Y. Dear Mr. Baumgarten ^he information mentioned in your letter of December 22nd is ->ng in at least one respect, I was not the firsbBoys' Work Secretary in the country. Without looking it up to verify it 1 think Miss illen Brown of Buffalo was the first Boys' Work Seoretary. There were at least 18 or 20 in the United States and Canada when I came into the work. Some of the work ould not be listed as Boys ' Work Secretaries today. I think the ms quotation has come fro.: the fo lowing facts. I have been referred to as the first State Boys ' '.York Seoretary, giving full time. I was the first Int ernati onal Boys' "ork Secretary and I was he first world wide Boys' Work Secretary. I was also the first Boys' Work Seoretary to retire-, and I suppose if anybody wanted to pad the record sti 1 further they oan say that I an' the first honorary head of the Boys' Work Department at Springfield College. jardiag ny rol tlon * o.-gauislng of the Boy scouts of Aaerioa I think you will flad that fairly adoquately stated in an;' ono of the reooat Doy Scout annuals u tion "History-. If j 1010 numb or of tho Association Boyt you -./; ud at air re were : Soy So out orga. .'sou, Sprlngfiuld aad loroato and o .cos. t or bringing setiftf of variouo in ta ( and .*» 7 aspirants for the But ion* 1 leader t tlae) aad lag c adlng of tho Boy Soouts of Aaerioa* 2h. oout oh stayed out merger ran undo Boy )Ute aad w illiao Ra*t'. raa par /i" the Boy Soouts of -*norioa f o tiao, bub fia J .n furnish a good do .1 of doeuaontary mat 3rial wit!i re :s to lays s Boy Soouts aovoaonl s aay o^B *ot olng so* In order to get throe ocnfuslag lteos st J out in your Bin. I to v first, thai- at leoal units » Boy Seouts and aaraa, up the ooua i bog-- eorrespoad '.ranA io Batioaal leaderc ' the novo- • the and otlag la ths hex. of the latsraatloaal Y one 1310. In Juno oa 1 its m i I o naao Wqf 3 ion and took over •„:» si b >oa ooouroj by • a s shartor, if 1 , . 0* Boyoo of C fro Olstriet of I un - 2 - Mr* W, il. Baumgarten Bea ember Sl# 1930 Boy Scouts of Aaorioa today date their anniversary froa the date at which this ohartor was -taken out by Mr. Boyce, a] he no organisation whatever. The organised Boy Soouts of Aaerioa chose to rafer to the date of the charter as the dato of their anisation, although la reality the Boy Soouts of Amorioa wsro not organised for quite a n.inb r of months after that. I had ths plsasure of serving on their Ba ional Sxooutivo Board during the first 10 years of its existence. If further information ic , I sha 1 be glad to furnish it. Slnoercl , J COPY May 17th, 1910/ Mr. ... D. Boyce Union League Club, Chicago, 111. My dear Mr. Boyces /.t noon today Mr. Seton and I called upon Colonel Bomus and several members of his staff. I enclose a list of the complete staff as appointed by the National Highway PretectiTe Association. I told them of your interest in -ho matter and after some conver sation they were entirely willing to join forces with you and asked Seton and me if we would be willing to serve as members of a committee to advise regarding permanent organization. Colonel Bomus expressed his entire willingness to resign and come in undir the shadow of your wing if that was the best thing to do. Ihey explained that their action appointing a staff and publishing the names was to forestall the movement started by V.illlam Randolph Hearst^ and as far as I can discover they are entirely altruistic in their movement but very military in their ideas. I very much hope that you will beable to arrange a meeting ith these gentlemen on June 3. I wrote you a few days age to your Dearborn St. address suggesting the possibility of securing my assooiate, C.C. Robinson, for a few months temporary work. 'i'his would give time to look about for a permanent secretary, and would also have a man at work welding together the different interests and getting the movement going. Our ssociation has already boy scouts in Peterson, Spring field, utica, Buffalo and other points and we are prepared to put on a training school for scout masters in several cities and also at our summer schools. I would be glad if you would wire me whether or not you would like to have me ge ahead and engage a temporary seoretary. I only wish that our Internation Committee had a man like yourself to back our end of this movement, for 1 can see ho/f the turning of two or three secretaries loose among our ssociations ould result in the organising of a very large number of boys immediately under the most wholesome auspices, and we would have several thousand YMCA boy ocouts ready to affiliate with any de sirable national organization that might d >Telop. Heping to hear from you at your earliest convenience and with kindest regards, Ver- truly yours, (si .ned) B.V. cob ins on ixcerpt from a letter of . . obinson dated May 28th, 1910. "Mr. John L. ..lexand >r of 'hilndolphia, will be the Managing eore ary (Boy Seouta of raoriea), from June lat t# January lat, 1911, and will have the offioe formerly oeoupled by Tr. avid P.. Porter." COPY Woburn, Abbey Woburn, Bletohley January 19th, 1932 Dear Mr. Thompson Seton Bow, when he had a jubilee of soouts a y ar or two ago and there was a at oelebration of Se>uts, they gave him the entire or.dit for origin ating the scheme. I wrote to the"Times" and said that I had no wish to detract from the orcdit due to him for is great work in starting it in .ngland, but I was in a position to know that you were the orig inator of the soheme. They would not jublish my letter. -owever, I always utly maintain whenever I have a ohanoe that Baden iowe 1 who has quite plan idly taken all the orcdit was not the originator though he did start tht novenent in England. Will yo tell me if I am right. Hoping yo art> both well. Yours sinoerely, M.Bedford eFebruary 190C (The Dutohess of Bedford) DETROIT YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ( II v ii v( i ill II i; ILDEB8 GENERAL OFFICES 200 ASSOCIATION BUILDING 5-12-33 C B. VAN OUSEN, PRESIDENT FREO P. TODD. TREASURER A. a. 8TUDER, M. D.. GENERAL SECRETARY WELLINGTON M LOGAN. ASSOCIATE GENERAL SECRETARY R L. FLVNN. ASSOCIATE GENERAL SECRETARY PERCIVAL J LEE ASSOCIATE GENERAL SECRETARY Mr E M Robinson YMCA Collie Springfield M< Dear Mr Robinson:- I have made a statement on several occasions that the Boy Scout Movement was brought to this country by the Association, through you, and that we could easily have made this a strictly YMCA Move ment, but after giving it full consideration the Asso ciation leaders decided it should have a wider sphere than simply that of the Y M C A. Am I correct in ray understanding of the beginning of the Scout Movement in America? If not, will you tell rae in a few paragraphs its early history here. I will greatly appreciate word from you at your earliest convenience. r Sincerely yours, s~\ Letter to Charles G. King, Silver Bay, New York May 3, 1934 Dear kr. King: In 1909, BoyScout troops began to spring up locally in America. The English manual was used. The YilCA at Peterson, Utica, Buf f alo, Springfield, etc, reported troops organized. Also oaaps and other organizations began to discover that they were already using items included in the English Scout program. Still others began to use some of them without actually organizing as Scout troops. Both Seton and Beard discovered that Baden Powell was using some of their programs items in his Soouts. I invited Seton to demonstrate his camp methods at Silver Bay in August 1910. When this camp was planned, we thought only of the Woodcraft Indians or W0odcraft League or Seton's methods. On June 21, 1910, however, I had call d a meeting of representatives of 34 National organizations doing some form of boys' work to discuss the organization of a National Boy Scout movement for America. Seton presided and was chosen to head a "committee of organization11 to take a year, if necessary, in affecting a permanent Boy Scout organization. The first American Scout Manual was hastily pre pared by Seton and made its first appearance September 23, 1910, at a ban quet to Baden Bowell in the Waldorf Astoria. In the Camp at S lver Bay, August iflflO, Seton was in charge. Dan Beard was a visitor for 2 days. So wa3 Eastman, an American In ian. It was more of a camp for boys with leaders than it was a Scout master's school, but the pot was bailing and certair. ingredients from tho En lish B0y Scout manual were mixed with the program items of the Woodcraft Indians, the Sons of Baniel Boone, the YMCA camp, etc. A certain Boy Scout flavoring was added to the original plan, but neither Seton nor Beard at that time had anything that could be truthfully called troops of the Boy Scouts of America. and as for a school in Scouting, it was as much India., scouting and pioneer scouting as it was strictly "boy scouting". Undoubtedly, it was promotive influence - one of many in those early confused days when there was as yet o manual, no permanent national organization, only good intentions and lusty effort. Does this answer your questions. sincerely, E. M. Robinson. October 3, 1934 Mr. W. D. Hurray 205 We:;t 9th Stroet Plainficld, New Jersey Dear Lir. liurrayi Replying to yours oi tember 29th, I am veiy glad indeed to give my reoollootions of the interview with Mr. Boyce, although as yo . doubt- less recall, b e pot was boiling merrily before we ever heard of him. His gift oamo at a very opportune time, but the e was a rapidly growing and wide-spread interest the movement before he oame into the pioture, While it is diffioult to get reliable data, there is no doubt whatever but that Boy Scout troop s were springing up locally and multiply? rapidly in various secti one of the United States throughout tho year of 1909. Some of these are reported in Association Boys in a special Boy Soout number, June 1910. All of the material reported there refers to the summer of 1909. I have glanced hastily through a bound volume of Association Hen or 1:10, and you may possibly be interested in some notices that ap pear. February page 226 - Notice regarding Seout handbook. uaroh - page 242 - Boy Soouts of England article by Heald. May - page 350 - American Soouting oamp by Seton June page 301 - Seton's article on Araerioan Soout . n page 378 - Three editorials regarding Soouting II page 395 - De oription of the *%rkenhead tablet. July page 420 - Editorial on Soouting. iSt page 487 - Advertisement of first American Boy Soout Manual low for ny recollect!on s of the sail on ky.Boyoe. On one of my trips West, I ran across Mr J. A. Van Dis. I think it may have been at tho Boy;;'i Work Survey in South Bend, March 17-20, 1910, but I am not quite sure. Mr. Van Dis called mw attention to a paragraph in a Chicago paper, stating that M r. Boyce had scoured a oharte r from the Boy Soouts of America, and sugge sted that when I reaohed Chic ago, I aall on him. I was attending some kind of a ooraaitteo meeting o r convention in Chicago; Dr.Doggett was there also. I askod him to aocompa ny mo on my visit to Mr. Boyce. My reo olio otion is that he and I ea lied on Mr. Boyce, although Mr. Van Dis thinks he was present, but of that I am not sure. -2- ;r. ,. .D, irvttf Ootober 3,19 34 I an inclined to think he wasn't there. In the in erview, we laid before Mr. Boyoe the situation that was already confronting us - that various gro'-ps in different parts of the oountry wore aspiring to national leader'iip, and some of these, we felt, were not as de sirable as others. Ws explained to him the desirability of trying to pull th« various worthwhile interests together and i.iake one strong national movement. He was rather impressed with the fact t'at the National headquarters of the YMCA were interested. I'e told us of certain efforts he had nade and the money he had spent in trying to promote tho Sooute and he had b n bitterly disappointed in the results achieved. He agreed to pay CI,000 a month to get t orient on its feet. Shortly after this, Mr.Boyce left the oountry on one oi !iis big hunting trips (I think he went to South America) and was gone for a long time. His patner. Col. Hunter, paid the seeond monthly installment, if I remember correctly, but he refused to make further contributions bs- oause the Boy Soout headquarters were ot giving sufficient publicity in the name of Mr. Boyce. Some time later several of us met in the of:'iee of John D.Rook. < Her Junior and I I his ad- ios with refercn;e to the further collection of funds from Mr. Boyoo. He suggested tht I go to Chioago again and see what I oould do about oolleoting the money. This I did and if my memory is oorreet, I brought bock with me a cheek for$l,000, and tliet was the end of that particular source of revenue. Some months afterthe first interview, Mr. Boyce attended a meet of the Soout co nittoo at a luncheon hold in the Martha Sashingto otel. My impression is that men like yourself, Mr. Terry, 0. . ratt, Sherman Hoyt, etc, were present, but I ca not be sure. I think Mr. Terr , r. ratt, r. oyt and yourself must havesome recollection of t' is. fhs oritical years of the movement in American, as I see them, were 1909 and 1-/10. While natterw were somewhat in a state of o* aos when < r. West took oharge on January 1, 1911, nevertheless, six of the aspirants for national leadership had been brought together, A strong rip of high-prinoipled men had been created. There is little doubt that while Mr. Boyce' interest in the Boy Soout movement nay have been largely altruistic, his partner, Col. Hunter, thought of it only in terms of an organization that would somehow promote the Boyos publications. Then Col. Connell of tho Highway I rotoctive Association seemed to have tho idea of using the Soouts primarily in the protection of tho highways, reporting speeding of oars, etc. Col. Verbeck was ohiefly interested in the Boy Soouts as they rolated to his military academy and Admiral Bomus had associated with him men o: army and navy frame of mind. -3- Mr. W. B. Murray October 3,1934 Apparently Col. Connell and Col. Verbeck had the best of intentions but had the Soout movement developed under their amipices, it probably would have become more of amilitary organisation than it is now. So far as 1 recall the person in Salina, Kansas who issued badges and printed natter was entirely altruistic in his i eas, but hid no facilities for starting a national movement. It was but natural that I personally influenced the choice of a number of men who wore also oonneotod with the International Committee of the YMdA, partly because they were men whom I knew well and men in whom I had great confidence. In the early days of the movement if the represent atives from the YuCA had chosen to they could have kept the oontrol of them venent within the YMCA, but from tho very first they felt the de sirability of making the oontrol more general. - raonally I was dis appointed that Mr. West did not see his way clear to give the YMCA sons such recognition within the movement ;,s he has sinoe given to the Ronan Catholic Churoh. Mr. West has written me, cnolosii'^ a copy of his historical statement, and I am sending you a oopy of my reply. I think the influonos of the visit in May 1910 of W. B. Wakefiold and Charles Heald had a great deal to do with keep n the movement down to the gene al idea of Baden Powell. Mr. Wakefield, you remember, made a second visit later when he attended the camp for Soouts conducted at Silver Bay. I do not think the Boy Scout movement at large, oither in England or in America realises how muoh they owe to the YMCA for helping them get started. When yoLi get your history further alon , if I nan be of any servioe, do not heeitate to call on me. It may be that some of the details you have co Hooted will help to stimulate my memory as to what took plaoe 25 years ago. With kind regards, believe ma, Sinoarely, BMBiJ October 4, 1934 Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton Seton Villa Santa Fe, Hew Mexico Dear Black Wolft Probably oi: :now that Mr.W.D. Murray has boon asked to write the history of the Boy Scout movement, covering the past twen y-five years. Since January 1911 when Mr. West took charge there seems to be adequate rooord of events, but for those two important years 9-1910, all records seen to be lost. In my judgment those two years were somewhat chaotic, but tremendously important. Mr. Murray and Mr. West have asked no tc help then i the completion of this history and I am wondering if you would be good enough to let me have whatever aotual data you may have,either fro-, oorreepondenoe or fror. your memory. For instance, in that organisation mooting which was held In the hoadquarters of the International Committee of the at 28th s reet, on June 1910, did not Colin Livingstone preside and didn't that meeting appoint an organisation committee to tako a year, if necessary, to evolve a satisfactory plan for the Boy Soouts? Were yon not appointed chairman of that committee? Do you recall tho visit you and I made t President Taft at Beverly-by-the-sea, the summer White House, in which we asked him to become honorary Chief Soout? At what point did Dan Beard barge into the pieture? Was he presont at that meeting in 28th Street? Pereonally, I think he wasn't. I think I met him first in 00 nootion with the camp at Silver Bay, bteauae I recall a remark of yours when you said "wait until you soo him and that will ox.lain all". 1 am personally interested in seeing that your oontributio: to the So ut movement be made a matter of reoord as far as I am able to in fluence it. You can holp me a good deal if you will give me this in formation. Trusting that everythi g is going well at Seton Tilings and ith kind regards, believe me. Sincerely, Li J October 4, 19 4 Mr. Janea E.Wsst Boy Soouts of America 2 Park Avenue lew York City Dear Mr. Weati I have had two lettera from Mr. Murray and havs bean only too lad to cooperate with him in any way I could. an vary glad indeed jt a copy of your historical statement and oongratulate you on it. I think it is quits possible to slaborate a little on what took place in the years of 1909 and 1910, without any disadvantage. Referring to your manuscript, page 9, however, I notice some very slight inaoour; olos. You refer to the meeting called in the old Waldorf Aatoria and the thirty-seven different agencies who sent representatives. This is not quite accurate. • ad the pleasure of calling that particular meeting and it was held in the board room of the International Committee of the YMCA. A former handbook states that thirty-four agenoies ware represented. Aa a matter of .act, no agenoies sent representatives. A little circular was printed"*^ and sent out to various men supposed t~> bs interested in the movement. After the meeting waa over, John Alexander looked at the liat of people who had bean present and began to make his calculations - this man un officially represented the YMCAf - thia mar. the playground association; this man the Brotherhood of St.Andrew, and so on. Sometimes I think he listsd noro than one organization for one individual. It the organisations themselves had not been notified and had not delegated these particular men to represent them. This may seem somewhat trivial, but to say the agenoies sent representatives ls not accurate; to aay the nen present represented a certain number of agenoiea, unofficially, ie nearer the truth. The firet offioe of the Soout ovement was opened la the headquarters of the International Committee of the M A at 88th Street. I suppose eould be oalled a YMCA building, but that expression is mis lea I nots that f speak of r. -gstona asking yo to booor.e the ex- ceutive officer. It waa Mr. William Knowles Cooper who firs suggested your nane to me. iay have also auggeated your name to Mr. Livingston^; possibly I wrote ~r. Livingstone to ess y u, but i do 't reoall that. In any event, Z think the real source of the suggestion goes baok to Mr. Cooper, and we have never ooased to be gratof 1 to him for that Mr. James B. Best Ootober 4,1934 estion. I appreciate very muoh your suggestion that I do cons to Hew Is to r with Mr. Murray, and I shell be glad to do this at suo). a time aa ha wishes it. t would seen to me, however, that I oould be of more BS: ioe to him after be has marly completed his atateront. However, I shall be glad indeed fee coo orate in any way I can. With kind regards, believe ma, Sincere1 , KMBiJ October 4,1934 Mr. Proston Orwig American Youth Foundation 3713 Washington Blve. St. Louis, Missouri Dear Pressyi . .r. W. D. Murray has been asked by the Boy Soouts of America to prepare the history of tho movement, and Mr. Murray has asked me to help him. The years of whloh we have the least record are those important years of 1909 and 1910. If I remember oorreotly, you were helping John Alexander in the Soout o'fiee in the fall of 1910, and I an writing to inquire if in your old correspond nee, or in printed matter or from the dim recesses of your mind, you can bring forth any items, no matter how small they may seem, that have any bearing on the development of the Boy Soout movement, in those two nebulous years. Do not hesitate to mention anything, no matter how insigifscant, because eaoh little hint that some one brings out starts another nan's memory workin. . If you oan send in anything, it will be deeply appreciated. With kind regards, believe ne. Sincerely, EMBiJ P.S. Woul you be good enough to ask Mrs. John Alexander if she could possibly recall any data that would be of servioe to us. • October 4, 1934 Mr. A. A. Janison Camp Dixie Wiley, Georgia Dear friond Jamisona Twenty-five years ago the Boy Soout movement had jus-c begun to take shape. At that time you were do ng the beet piece of reporting on Boys' work in Association Men that that magasino ever had. I have just glanced through a bound volume of 1910 and I congratulate you again on the fine work you did at that time. In the February number of that yoar you gave a notice regarding the handbook on iting and different items ooourred in almost every number following. Mr.W.D.Murray hae been appointed by the Boy fcouts to write the history of the movement. The critioal years were 1909, and IJIO. Mr. Wost came in January, 1911. For some reason that no one oan understand, all records previous to Mr. West's ooming have been lost, and we are dependent largoly on the reoollootions of men undoooasional printod paragraphs that come to light, or old correspondence. How you were one of the men who were in the "thick" of things during those years. Would you be willing, for my benefit, to send me anything that bears on the Soout movement, previous to January 1, 1911, either your own recollections or any data that you might be able to dig up. Were you present at that most important meeting whioh waa held June 21, 1910 in the headquarters of the Internationl Committee in 28th street, when unofficial representatives of a large number of boys* organisations were present and the first organising committee with Seton as chairman was appointed? If you were present, can you recall the others who were there? Mr. West and Mr. Murray are calling on me for help in recalling those oarly days of the movement and if you can help in any way, it wi 1 be deeply appreciated. hope that you had a wonderfully successful sumner and are enjoying the best of health at the present time. -2- Mr. A. A. Jamison October 4/34 You wi21 be grieved to hoar, if you haven't already, of the death of E. M. Willis. We all felt that his brother, C. B. Willis, would be the first to pass away, but that is one thing none of us jan anticipati If you should happen to et up in this part of the eo ntry do not fall to oome and visit us at Tall Tinber. With kind regards, believo me. Sinoerul , XMRtJ Ootober 24,1934 . W. D. ay Williams ot Hew ty Dear Mr. Murrt The more I g^ into th« matter the more I am eonvinosd that raest Thompson on has a just tt. .io dissatisfaction wi f ex* preeaed appreciation of hie ributiens k and to s Boy Soout movement in this country. I am hopir. t you as historian will give ample presentati n of all the factual data, even if . ay not feel inolined to express personal opinion. I am impressed wit fact that although Baden Powell used b ya in th Africa in the- Boer War in 1899 and 1900, his purpose in doing so was not eharacter building for tys, k et help from boys in a war emergeney. ot discov.r that his interest in boys led him on his return to Lnglnnd to undertake any work for them whatever, until nd that his soldier saouting waa being used by rs in the train- of b-ys. Is far as I cai discover his first effort t • disco- or •tart So utiag for boye for the sake of the boys was 04. On other hand, Ernest Thompson Seton etarted his lor tho name of the 1 ndians or --tons Indians In and my intimate acquaintance with I.r.Seton in these early days leaves no shadow o doubt in my mind as to his purpose - na i ly, for the benefit of tl s and it was built up with that idea in mind. o of th enolosureo will indicate that Baden Powell leaned hard on Seton in the early days, in tryir adapt his S nt to the ne do of the boys. It is a matter of opinion which eo* the moat to the Boy Seouta the world over, personally, I wo Id like to see ea them t all the oredit that each deserves. Thoir contributions, it atona to me, were aa different and as necessary ccntri s, as tl '-ions a tailor and a weaver of cloth in the maki: a suit cf clothes, or as different as that of a ocok who bak ake end that rsons supplying the raw materials of whioh it is mad . :sible that without the help of Seton Baden Powell's Scout moveme in England would have gone the way of the Boys Brigade, and the Boys' Life gade, e • Seton contributed something to Baden owe 1 that waa of inestimable value to tho movement the worl< Baden Powell contributed hie genlua of organisation and promotion, a his military experience. -2- . r. Murrayy October 23,1934 It is rather interesting to realise that every baby has a mother and father, -onetimes th... baby hosenbles the one more than the of r, but think it is only fair that both contributions to its existence should be no gnised. I would like to bear testimony to the tremendous ancunt of worl: whto h Into ths Bo nt in the early days here in Amerioa and to the faot that hie name and preatige wore important faotore in pulling together the varioua el bs that a ••: to national leadership. I feel quit oonfident that the kind of appraisal given in A. A. Jameson's lsttar with, reference to the r tive contr us of Set n and Beard ural ap, roval by all of those aq ainted wi situation in the early years. With kind regards, believe mo, 8inoerely, EMRiJ Hovember 5, 1934 Mr. W.D. Murray 68 William Street Hew York City Dear Mr. Murrayi Incidents in oonnecti.. with the visit to Mr. Boyce see:: to fll into two categoriesi 1. Data on which we a 3 . 2. Data whioh differ* in the minds of dif- f rent men. Possibly i Dis and I were able to talk face to faoe, we wr*i Id more clearly see the matter eye to eye, but at any rate, it seens to. me that the sone reenent is important and the sone where we cannot yet agree is relatively un- ortant. The following is the way I look at it at .-©sent time, altk possibly e incident: uhancc rks might help me t r..collie . s which I have overlooked. 1. Van Dis saw a notice oonoerning Mr.Boyce* active in I in a Chicago p. and he called my attention to it. 2. I called on Mr. Boyce and c •'.. his initial ooutribu ,000 a month, in . J.910. . Seton, Wakefield, Heald and I net Boyce in Washington in May 1910. There was l . rtha Washington Hotel in 'Jew York a iioyoc attended 1 pressio is is was either preoe< *r following the trip - at any event, close en ior for Mr. Boyce to at tend b ly) . In October t , financial situation o. us looked rath r desperate. Several of us made an appointment John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in his office and lai< >re him our financial situation, including the non- r.l yoo pledge. Our purpose in visiting Mr. Bookef was to get whole financial sit , and during the int r- vi-. w, hie advice was for uako a trip to Chicago i: an effort to collect Id. Whether sating on October 19, 1910 to wh r we3 preoeding or followi. • meeting in Mr.Boo feefelltr'soffice , I can positvely sap. The last parr. your letter would incline one to beliewe that the meeting on October 19, followed the meeting in Mr. Rookefoiler's office. Bow, regarding the pointe where Van Dis and I differ. I think he told me about •. Boyoe wh< ade a tri t the middle west, and not by t« 1 . This is a small r, how v r, wether he o nveyed the eSsage by telegraph or by word f •: -2- . W. D. Murray Hovemb. r i/34 My only r for taking Dr. Doggett with me on my interview with Mr. Boyce was because Van Di o uld not be present. Frankly, I would rather have had Van Dis '.: • on that first lew than Dr. Doggett, but rathtr than go alone, i persuaded Dr. D u to accompany ne. Van Dis does n.t a roe with this, btt in it is not an important matter. I have no r- coll. i, wl ate-. Hr; Treenan being p* Is on that first interview. It is barely possible that aft r Van Dis told a oould not go, and aftv.r I had persuaded Dr. Doggett to , , Van Dis ave changed his plans and come along, and it is alto r possible that he may have br --semen with him. I t] fore, will show you that the main incidents in th. case are very clear and un . It is only the incidental trimming that is a bit :e. uident wk t be very important. I had an inter view with I r, Col. hunter. I re r very dlatlnetly, usive personality a: rth, ever, t the excessively heavy watch chain and ttia charm on his expansive vest. Col. hunter had ously sent us i, e photogra; hs of Mr. Boyoe, and was disappointed h.Viause we did let us blieity work. He very pointedly intimated that we were willing t take Mr.Boyce' aoney, but unwilling to give him due credit in publicity, it was Col. hunter who stopped payment of Mr. Boy e' pledge whil< Mr. Boyoe was away on one of his long, trips to South America. hy impressio is that Col. Hunter called on me in the office at 28th Street, but it that I called oi; him in Mr. Boyoe' offioe in C o, bat whole incident is hardly worth mentioning. It ismerely one of the side lights thai t understand what we Wtre up a ainst on those early days. rds, belilive me, linear el , tJ Hovenb r , 934 rn« st Seton Seton Village Santa I e. Hew Mexico Deer Bias If" I an havi ite co ious correspondence with Mr. W. D. Murray and have sent him copies of moot of the material whioh you furnished me. losed is a carbon of my latter to him on October 24th on which I will be glad to have your comment. His lett r to me under date of November 2nd, started out with the following iaragraphi "Dear I : Thank you very muoh for your letter letter enolosi fears Thi3 information will be very helpful. You may be sure that I will give Seton fu 1 oredit for his great c u.tribution to Scout ng. I am going over this material with, you before I or ganize it, so as to get the benefit of yai r intimaee ' nowledge of the beginnings." If y-ui have any additional data on tho years 1 I , i will be glad et it. ry bit of information helps us orientate oertai : va reoollL otions that other nen have. With kind regards, believe ne. Sincerely, i J COLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM WOODCRAFT LEAGUE OF AMERICA. INC. SANTA FE. NEW MEXICO HONORARV PRESIDENT DEAN PRESIDENT EDGAR L. HEWETT JULIA M. BUTTREE ERNEST THOMPSON SETON /ember 15, 1934. Dr. i. M. Robinson, ngfield College, Springfield, Pass. iar .. .: Yours of hovember 6th just received on my return home. If . i. • Company are honorable men, impelled ! standards of truth and fairness, id they omit fror of scouting due mention of the facts that I was the chief scout for five years and I was the chairmen of the committee that esta" lished scouting in America in 1910; that I vn-ote the first manual published for the Soouts in Ame hat every valuable aotivity in the scout' iied by myself :at Eader. Powell supplied nothing but the military thought which I ':. ".s ly wrong in principle. As I go over Dan Beard's claims and self advertising, I cannot discover that he contributed one valuable idea to the mc . i Sons of Daniel ne were done in a spirit of opposition to my Indians. it as a separate .icouts for a number of years. Id it to the ioman's Home Companion for 5300.00 and they lot it die. It con tained • but the of murdering Indians. On one occasion, about 1912, -dien Dan was loudly advertisir. .;jlf as the father of all sec- I to< ]•'{ur"',5eriously,and privately I said "You are not fair to me. You i not fair to Bade- ill." ord of honor bhat he would never again make that clSainin public. di ,e did so. I reminded him of his promise. I enclose the letter te sent me in By , it waa not Badon Powell who used tho boys in anized unit of the army. lord Edward Cecil. 11 artle you to hear the expressions I heard from the British officers In this mi There was one ell did over and over again,— ^e cane to me for some idea or suggestions and when I gave th< o him, he he he'' imilar ideas in mind for a lc te. You balk of Bade swell's g mius for organizing and promotion. dined in bhe organizors of tho scout mi , I addressed the table and particularly praised Baden Powell for his genius ion emotion and then and there got a rebuke from the chairman rd Flumer, pH. said "Baden Powell was not the organisor; we did ganiz- So you see he lex it is. If you wish I ".•ill dig out a ] Scout letters of 1910. They are mostly from Alexander and Jamea . est to myself. rnest Thompson geton. Letter to: William D. Murray, 6U William Street, hew York City From: Dan C. Beard, under date of November 16,1934 "Again, I have attempted to do too much, and am being penalized by being laid up, I hope to be back in my studio in two or three days. If you want the r< al history of Scouting and my knowledge of it, I shall be glad to give it to you. I have always been ready, but nobody seems to want it. In other words, they seem to want to make history according to their own ideas, and history is not made that way. But you must remember that I was in this before anybody else, and my memory of facts is good. Therefore, to begin at the beginning - Ernest Thonpson Seton had a very successful tribe of Indians that he called "Seton Indians". He had a number of influential men interested in it, and I attended one of their dances out on his estate. His Indians, I think, began in 1904. At any rate, they were run ning full speed in 1905, At that date, Mr.William Annis, the advertising manager for K LTION, caae to me and asked me to start something for the b ys in the pages of RECREATION. I told him I would think of it overnight and have something in the morning. Next morning I sent for him, and he came to m; editorial rooms and said, •Chief, did you think out a scheme?' I told him I had. at is it?'he asked 'It is an organizatio of Tenderfeet and Soouts in groups (now get the number in these groups) in groups eight, each group forming a stockade, and four stockades making a fort. Because they are Soouts,the organization will be called the "Sons of Daniel Boone" Annis was enthusiastic. He said, 'We will sweep the laud with this1, but neither of us at that time expected to sweep the world. * -2- I then developed a lot of Merit Badges to be worn on the sleeve and I lined up John Burroughs, John Muir, and Colonel William Cody (Buffalo Bill) with the organisation. We uniformed the boys with imitation buckskin clothes. When RECRhATION was sold out, I went over to the WOMAN'S HOLE COMPANIONS with my group of Scouts. In 1907, while I was still with the WOMAN'S HOME COMPANION, I was summoned to ..ashington by President Roosevelt for a conference. h.e cleared the Cabinet r'oor, took me by the arm, and led me over to the table, and said, 'How, let's see what this is all about' I laid out my plans before him. Hs inquired 'Whom have you?' • I answered 'Johm Muir, Buffalo Bill and John Burrough' •Bully!•, he cried. 'now, I said, 'I want someone to represent the sea. how would 'Fighting Bob* i.vans answer the purpose?' 'Oh, no.' sad the President. 'You want Admiral Dewey for that '. •Very good, said I, and continued, 'Now, I want an Indian fi-jhter to interest the boys.» 'You have him right here' replied the President. 'He's my Chief of Staff, Major General Boll.' The president called up the men he suggested and sent me down to see the. . I was received genially by each and all of them; also by Mr. Taft, who was then Secretary of War. -3- President Roosevelt, being a practical man, said, "How look here, Dan Beard. You don't want me to give you just my word. You want it in writing and I will drop you a letter.' This he did, according to promise, as did also ;..aj or General Bell and the r st of them. This was in 1907. During this time, over in England, my good friend, General Baden-Powell, was experimenting with the boys, whom I believe he called "Guides". They were messenger boys in the army. Y/e had them in the War between the States, and I was one of them. I heard only vague rumors about Baden Powell at that time, and to tell the truth, was not at all interested in what was goi"g on over in England, so I went on developi my own organization and in 1908, Baden Fowe 11, organized his "Soouts" three years after I had organized mine. As he said, 'I read your books, cribbed right and left, and started the English Boy Scouts' I have only his word for when and how he started them, for I had read nothing about them, although I had heard Seton mention them. .-, along in 1910, I was at a oamp fire meeting on Seton's estate, when he came to me and said (these are his very words) 'for some reason which I cannot understand, your Scouts and Baden Powell's gcouts are much more popular than my Indians and I am going to join the Scouts.' With Seton as the Prime mover, a group of us got together and talked things over. Upon my suggestion, George Pratt was asked to join us. There was Colonel Bumpus, Dr. Guolick, Lee Hanmer, and a Colonel Verbedk (?) who had a miliatary school. They brought in the Boy Brigades. You will find all the names in the records. Gulick, however, did not seem to be very much irterested. -4- Robinson, the International Secretary of the Sunday Schools, was the head of the organization. We had a meeting and elected officers and Seton was made the Chief iicout. They immediately asked me to write them a Handy Book, whioh of course, I could not afford to do. They had no money and I had to make a living. (I am not certain about that date. It may have been 1909) The demand for the book was so instantaneous that Seton took the English Boy Soout book and edited it, and used it for our organization. I do not remember When Colin Livingstone came in, but I am quite positive he was not at our first meeting, and this waw all before he brought his protege from Washington, to act as secretary to the Board ^Not executive, but simply secretary) Mr. Alexander was our first Seoretary and it was he who got up the very Excellent Scout book for the Tapioca Company, at the command and with the approval of the Executive Board. In those days we were very hard up for money and we did t ings that we would not deem advisable today. Mr. Boyoe gave us $4,000 to run on, and then he left for South America. (I believe while his wife was getting a divorce) During that time, we ran on credit, trusting to Boyce to pay the debts when he came back. When he re turned, he not only paid the debts, but weeraed deeply moved that we should have trusted him to do so, and thanked us for our confidence. Because of the questionable character of some of the advertisements in Boyce' paper, it was some time bwfore we gave publicity to the help he had been to us. -5- In organizing there was a very strong element in favor of making this a branch of the English Boy Scouts and appointing Seton as Baden Powell's repre sentative, I fought this bitterly. I wanted it thoroughly American. I thought then, and I still think, that since the idea originated in America, it would be nothing but servile snobbery, to give England the oxtdit for it. Mr. George Pratt stood by me in this fight and at last we won, and at my suggestion our organization seconded by George Pratt, was called the Boy Scouts of America. It was then proposed that we have the Fleur de Lis as our insignia. I believe the Fleur de Lis was the insignia of Baden Powell's army corps. At any rate, the Fleur de Lis was taken from the British coat of arms, back at the time when she claimed sovereignty over France. The claim was , made at the time that it was the "North Point" and for the sake of harmony we let it go at that; but again I fought the adoption of the Fleur de Lis as the insignia of the American ecouts. I did not expect to .. in this fight. 'J-hat was not my object. So I compromised upon having the American Eagle emblazoned upon the Fleur de Lis where it now stands. This exactly hit my 1 idea because I recognized the Fleur de Lis as the International emblem; but had I not fought against it, I would never have succeeded in winning a compro mise . It must be remembered that in ths original group. Dr. Gulick was born on the high seas; Colin Livingston was born in the British possessions; Ernest Thompson Seton was not an American citizen; Mr.Robinson was not an American citizen, and nobody but Mr. Pratt and I seemed to be at allinterested in making it American, and it was solely due to our efforts that we now have the name, Boy Scouts of America, and the eagle on our badge . -6- I then went to Washington and had inserted in-Ihe bill for the Charter, that all officers of the Boy Scouts should be American citizens. This I did of my own volition. Colin Livingston told us tuat he had a young man in Washington who he thought would make a fine secretary for the Executive Board and asked permission to bring him down and let us give him the "once-over". This he did and the Board agreed that his protege should be given • trial, not as Exective Secretary, but simply as secretar to the Executive board. I also put up strenuous objections to have our organization a one man power, claiming that the power should rest in the hands of the executive board and in this I was sustained. I was unaniiously appointed a committee of one on uniforms. When I went home, my wife and sat up and worked out the uniforms, and she made little • dolls and dressed them in the uniforms, so that it could be understood just what was meant. We did not have shorts. They were introduced later by the English, but they are not English. They came from the Tyrol to England. The rest of the uniform is purely American, from the top of the hat to t he soles of the feet. Itook the low crowned cowboy hat of that date, with a strap that goes back of the head to keep the hat on when riding horseback, the cowboy's neckerchief, which is very useful in the outdoors, and the khaki clothes of the hunters and fishermen. I did not want a coat, ,iu:;t a shirt and breeches, but was persuaded to adopt a coat, which we have since practically discarded. I knew that the coat would not be needed by the boys. how then, the sign of the Scouts in my organisation was the two fingers held aloft. Baden Powell, in his organization, added the Second class scout to my Scouts and Tenderfeet and a third finger to the salute, which we after wards adopted in the organization of the Boy Soouts of America. You will note that the English took their uniform, as well as their organization and their name, from us, even to the cowboy neckerchief and cojrboy hat and strap -7- This is as much as I can tell you at the present time, as I am for bidden to do any more work than necessary. Incidentally, though, the cub organization is taken right from the same organization in my camp, with the same insignia, signs and signals. I opposed this very bitterly at the Board meeting, as "copying from England" I refrained from telling them at that time that the idea was mine, invented by me in 1916, before the English used it, and still in use at my camp, ven the degrees as used in Cubbing, are from my camp. The face remains that Theodore Roosevelt, Major General Bell, Admiral Dewey, William Howard 'fait, Jo ir» John Burroughs, and Colonel Bill Cody were all Sc outs one year before the English Scouts were organized, and be fore Baden Powell himself was a Scout. The three men considered by the Exec f utive Board as being responsible for the launching of the Scout movement, were taken to the top of one of the buildings and photographed together and the picture published in England, as the acknowledged founders of the Scout movement. The group consists of Ernest Thompson Seton, General Baden Powell and Daniel Carter Beard. You will note in the photograph that I,,am the 1 only one- wearing the cowboy hat, which has since become the universal hat. It Will interest you also to know that when I left the ' .PANION, Baden Powell continued to run the"Sons of Daniel Boone"for ire, recognising them as Scouts and Tenderfeet and speaking of them and to them, as such. This you can find out by referring to the files of the magazine, of which I had a complete set that was borrowed by headquarters and re turned with one number abstracted." Sincerely yours, D. C.Beard, National Sc ut Commissioner ^ (this was dictated without referring to letters, papers or documents) January IV, 1935 Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton Seton Village Sa:.ta I e. New Mexico Dear Black Wof» . r, Murray has sent me sone loose sheets regarding th beginning of th< Boy Scouts of America. First he mentions ths YMCA, and then says, "Two other or ganisations were in existence at that time which influenced tho form whioh uting took, both in England and America, because they e mbodied many of the outdoor activities whioh are known to be attractive te b>ys« These are Ernest Thompson ton's Indians and Dan Beard's Pioneers, Sone of Daniel Boone, • juting all over the world owes a great deal to these two nen, It was for tunate for uo here in America that they were available, with their intina'e knowledge of woodcraft, their love of out-of-doors, and their willingness to coop crate with the fr shly found point of contact with boys. Baden Powell recognised this in his address at the dinner given in his honor on September 25, 191 < •You have nade a little mistake r. eton in your remarks to the offset that I an the father of this idea of Soouting for s.oys. I may say that yo • are the father of it, or that Dan Beard is the fathor. There are many fathers, I an only one of the uncles, I night say' • In 1902, Seton started his Indians, calling the organisation the Tribe of Woodcraft, Many preferred to oall then Seton's Indians, The objoots of this organization as stated in the Tribal Constitution in the Biroh Bark Roll "are the promotion of interests in out of door Hie and woodor ft, the pre servation of wild li.o,and landaoapo and the promotion of good fellowship among its memb rs.' 'Tne/aims to give the yo ng people somtithl: do, sorie- j think about and something to enjoy in the woods, with a view always to cheroot., r bui , for manhood not scholarship, is the first aim of uoation.' Bis clo ,an was 'The best thin s for the b st Indians' 'My foundation thought was, he says, • to diooovtr, preserve, develop and diffuse ou.ltu > f the Redman.' "The : re were called Braves, the leader was Ohief. -no item in he " r r of Doings il" is "Report of Soouts". eton gave a copy of the Bir-.. .'ark roll to Baden i'owe 11 in 1904, In letters, leotures, in various parts oftthe oountry, and through the "Biroh Bark Roll" he had for years been estab lish! .g Tribes of his Indians." The following paragraph starts out "In June 1905, while Lditor of Reorcation, Beard founded the Society of the Sons of Daniel Boone, etc." On page ive, I see "Am: idoor nen, his p rsonal friend was Ernest Thompson ton, who was a friend of Baden Powell, and he turned to him for advice. In this way Ernest Thompso: :...ton was enlisted for the part he took in the creation of the Boy Soouts of America, -2- Mr. Erneet Thompson ,ctoa 1.19.19 iurther over, he r fere to your visitrtng Washington, and later on be hosen • irman of the oonmittee org.anised in the meeting held June in, 1910. Further on still, ho refers to your working on the manual, and quot ng from John Alexander ">;r.: eton deservee the thanks of the oonmittee for his untiring efforts in this dire ti n" . Further over still, he ref. rs tu th camp whioh you held at Silver Bay and the visit to Teeident Ta t at Beverly, lurth on ' '• to the meet lag at the ..artha 'Washington hotel , 1*10 when -yoe outfit handed ovir % inoorporatio to the Boy Scouts of America. I think from the forego will see that r. ; array, aooording to h is lights, has tried to do you Justice, I have writte . yurray aad asked him if would not send yea a oopy of the material whleh he has sent me and ask for your oriticlsm and suggestions, I also told him I was writing to yo and mentionin so th thin s included in the statement. This will give you -,1© opportunity, if you wish, to write and request >ir. Hurray to send ull material. I think ilr. Murray has done the best he oan, and judging fron the four pa e letter o; r. Ueard'e whioh I have seen, I am afraid that lir. 3eard is not going to be satis!ied with the amount of notioe he reoeivee in the statenent, i; ray is tr is best to rake the statement actual rs han etressing matters f opini n, and interpretation, course, he'is/willing to give e :.\an full oredit, and in that I think he is right, ing ev rything is going well with you and with kind regards, believe me, Sinoerely yours, L. RtJ r VvXCOLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM WOODCRAFT LEAGUE OF AMERICA, INC PRF8IDFNT HONORARY PRE8IOENT DEAN ERNEST THOMPSON EDGAR L. HEWETT JULIA M. BUTTREE ^C-a 7 COLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM WOODCRAFT LEAGUE OF AMERICA. INR SANTA FE. NEW MEXICO PRESIDENT HONORARY PRESIDENT DEAN ERNEST THOMPSON SETON EDGAR L. HEWETT JULIA M. BUTTREE March 13, 1935 Dr. E.M. Robinson c/o H.L. Mitchell 1241 S. Boynton Street Glendale, Calif. Dear E.M.: From three or four sources, I am being called on for details of the Boy Scout history. One of these is, of course, from VY.D. Murray. Now here is a point which I have called to his attention, and I want to do the same with you. Ignoring all controversial issues, these are historical facts: I was the tyiief Scout of the Boy Scouts, duly appointed, from 1910 to 1915. During that time, I freely gave my services, my writings, and went out money-raising for the Soouts. I also wrote the first Scout Manual. All of this I did freely and gladly, without one cent of compensation, paid my own railraod fares when I went lecturing for the Scouts. And yet not one hint of this appears in W.D.'s manusacript. I have seen Livingston, for example, when asked about it in public, practically deny that I was so; and other members of the aoard dodge the issue. HVHY? Is the Scout honorable? Is the Scout truthful? Is the Scout honest? Then, why not tell the honest truth about it. Never once have I seen mention of these facts in any Scout histoty that came from the Scout headquarters. Can you shed light on this mystery, or conspiracy, or whatever it is? ******* •Ye are sending Dorothy some token table linen for March 25th. Cordially ever, t -Z 3. :^u-W z:Z COLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM WOODCRAFT LEAGUE OF AMERICA. INC SANTA FE. NEW MEXICO PRESIDENT HONORARY PRESIDENT DEAN ERNEST THOMPSON SETON EDGAR L. HEWETT JULIA M. BUTTREE A/?s> #c^ X n <\ c^4C ^^~ /^~ u 7 *s? o»*V~ Cr~ <">" ' o-x^x C 7. ARMY AND NAVY JOURNAL. May 14,1910. ents of political protest, the leaden in San Francisco fulminating daring the length with the angular distance between bright elds of against the unknown candidate. But the gallant Onion stars near it. Its form and color. To make thi soldier was elected easily, us also might be Chaffee, if he lions it is suggested that shipmasters us., their binoculars, Lt prai - could be induced i" allow the use "f his name, 'Of spyglasses or the low-power eyepiece ot their sextants." in.. >' course.' concludes mj correspondent, '1 assume General Chaffee to be B militant Democrat, as under the charter <>f the city of Los Vngeles he must be of that partisan Col. Walter s. Schuyler, 6th O.S. Cav., who was faith in order to 11>> 1.1 his present position as a member ordered from Honolulu to ace many the Chinese Prince ol the Board of Pnblic Works.' " on ins journey to Uiis country, and was with that celebrity nil his departure from New JTork, has been at the War To I-, boys who have a tendency t<> full Into the Department for several days on business cm ited with delinquent class the National Highway Prob th.- permanent Bite for the proposed Cavalry barracks in whose office Is 9 Wesl Twenty-eighth street, New Honolulu. io replace tin. present quarters known as STork, lias formulated a comprehensive plan to pi Schofield Barracks. Colonel Schuyler will come to additional playgrounds tor children and • boys' scoot Washington in August as the representative of the organization similar to that which lias proved so success Cavalry on the General Staff, Lieut. Col. William D. ful in England. Col. E. x. Cornell, secretary of the so Beach, liih Cav., then going to the Second Section of ciety, in outlining the scope of the plan, said that the the .staff, that al the War College. The final decision as basic Idea of the scouts' organization is to further the t.. ill.- post -it.- in Honolulu is now delayed merely by a few technicalities arising over the leasing and the sub i roads from coast to coast Aside from leasing of the ground Deeded for the post, which is close an effort to build up character such as will mature Into to Schofield Barracks. Colonel Schuyler will depart next excellent citizenship material, the boys will !»• taught week for his post ..f duty, '.'• • t the to render the Government a direct service, it is believed, climatic attractions of the Hawaiian Islands, and says by gradually acquiring much desired Information that In. can agree with the most eloquent descriptions of that would prove valuable in ii f war. The choice of Col. locality: even with those calling it the fairest spot on • s. Bomus, U.S.A., retired, to head the scout move the footstool. ment is an excellent promise ol B gradu- • the Military Academy, class of 1870, who wi Writing on behalf of the Medical i:—rve Corps, a tired .Tan. 19, 1807, on Hi-- own request, after forty years' correspondent says: "Owing to technical legislation, we ., while colonel of the 9th Cavalry. He Is a soldier tried ami true, who lias bad extensive experience in In are commissioned officers, commissions signed by the dian warfare. He also saw service in Cuba ami the i' ident, and still we have no chance for retirement, Philippines. Col Gifford Hurry, <>f the staff of General promotion or pension if disabled in the Service. Why nm 7 Roe, N.G.N.Y., is treasurer of Hi.- fund, ami if la' ..Mains a sufficient amount the scouts will take the field ibis I will give you m.v own case and ask your honest judg- summer, An effort is now being made if enlist the right ment. I endeavored to have a special act passed, granting kind of men in every state in the Union to take charge • 11<• a KT'J pension (total disability for the grade of an of ill.. \.nriii in different localities \ on as enlisted man), ami so f.,r I ha'..- mel with failure; still preliminaries arc disposed '>f recruiting stations will _be I know llere is a precedent for that, yet I cannot gel it. -. .,.ii..l. only boys of ~ I character ami physique being I am a plysical wreck, always will be, ami when I return Ich, n'Pted There will be no lack of recruits if provision from my present sick leave and am dismissed from the I.ii Service I am unable t<> earn my own Bubsistei I Lhow ->' ••• mail.- for taking care of them. The address of inns i- \nii> ami \'a\.v Club, New York city. have had ten j ontinuous service two years of j.riminali hard field service in th.- Philippine island ; disease con tracted in line of duty (only the fact that I was a con | service • c-niicins ideas that prevail in regard in the mission viil soon tract surgeon when I wenl on sick leave), ami still nil p Indicated by thi tion of the the Army can *^' is to .1 isini^s me because 1 can do no ure frond ll.tald. of Omaha, Neb., that Hi- Military na.IT work, 'riio Army has been fair with me, and I •my should i»' pit! "ii wheels and carried around the have no reason to complain; it is the law that 1 An ''i' i-y Ba •, raree show, The West Pointers are, ii says, a hardship, on me." . or less familiar figures in New York. Washington Eastern cities. Unless memory serves us An association h.as been formed in Nevi York called COST. For tuition; usjjir. West as Chicago since I Individual ami Social .In- " Us purpose • is I. soi dearly before the American people the princ 1 week $ 30.00 Inn riean thought and IL^ 2 weeks 58.00 3 weeks 85.00 4 weeks 110.00 5 weeks 130.00 6 weeks 150.00 Cottage Accommodation. For those who do not wish to rnmr, ih«,= „ S Wi h m de Ca a°t °a 1X&SJIL2&!*small additional figure. ' ° " -nveniencerwh!ch mae' b * Xi (over) May 11. 1910. ARMY AND NAVY JOURNAL. ARMY AM) NAVY JOURNAL. protest of the seven hundred ministers of Massachusetts which had recently reached the House had been effective Office No. 20 Vesey Street, New York. in mnking anti-Navy votes. He said he knew of votes that had been changed by that ministerial protest, nor NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1910. wa3 he sure such men. when once changed, could ever be brought back to their old-time allegiance to the Navy. No stlention is psid to anonymous communications, but II told of on,, "watchdog of the Treasury" whom years the wishes of all contributors as to the use of their names will ago friends of the Navy in the House were afraid of. It be scrupulously regarded. We cannot undertake to preserve or return manuscripts. was the hardest thing to get a bill for Naw expenditures Subscriptions, $6.00 per year. To clubs ordering ten copies his eagle eye. Hut one day he was induced to visit or more, $3.00 each copy. As the purpose of this special club a battleship. What he saw that day changed him com rate of $3.00 per year is to encourage individual subscriptions, pletely, and from that time to this he has been one of it is allowed for single subscriptions from members of the the firmest friends of the Navy, "ami that man." said the Services and their families, but not for organizations of any speaker dramatically, "sits over yonder beside Admiral kind, to which the price is uniformly $6.00. Club subscriptions Wainwright, none other than th.. Speaker of th.- House, are payable in advance and should be sent direct to the pub Joseph G. Cannon." Mr. Roberts, while making it plain lishers. that in the near future there would be a great need of Domestic postage prepaid. Foreign postage, $1.00 per an some powerful influence to keep the American people num should be added to the subscription price. Remittances from neglecting the Navy, did not explain the character should be made by post-office order, express money order, draft "f such influence. or check oat New York, made payable to W. O. & P. P. Church, or in cash. Postmasters are obliged to register letters if re quested. Checks or drafts on other localities than New York If Mr. Roberts had read a paragraph on page 1063 City are subject to a discount. of the \i:\tv AMI N.\\y JOUBNAI of May T. on the growth No responsibility is assumed for subscriptions paid to agents, of the German Navy League, he would have learned of and it is lest to remit direct. Changes of address will be a means hy which interest of the American people in made as frequently as desired upon notification; not otherwise. the Navy can he maintained. What some of the members Immediate notice should be given of any delay or failure in of the House did with Mr. Cannon years ago to educate the receipt of the JOURNAL. him in battleships the German Navy League is doing TkU newspaper is owned and published by W. C. •* F. P. with the school teachers of the country. During the year Church, a Xew York corporation; offlce and principal place of M, No. to reset/ street. New York; W. C. Church. 1900 three hundred school teachers, recruited from the •it: WWard chunh. secretory ami treasurer. The ad interior of the country, were conducted in excursions to dress of the oficers is the oflct of this newspaper. the seacoast at the expense of the Navy League, that TO AVOID CONFUSION WITH OTHER PERIODICALS. they might sec what a battleship is and go home enthu ADDRESS LETTERS TO ARMY AND NAVY JOURNAL. Box siastic advocates of naval development, to spread 558. NEW YORK, NOTING THAT THE LAST WORD IN throughout their little communities reports of the glories OUR TITLE IS JOURNAL. which await Germany upon the sea. For the years 1910 and ltill still more extensive excursions of teachers are One of the niosi significant utterances at th.. animal planned. The membership of this league at the end of banquet of the American Society of Naval Engineers in the year 1900 was more than one million, as compared R (Cher's, Washington, on the evening of May 7. was with the handful that makes up the membership of the thai of the toastmaster, Walter M McFarland, a former American Navy League. At the time of the Battleship engineer of the Navy, in introducing s f the Fleet's cruise around the world the A>:MV AND NA\_V_ Navy Meyer, "i was "The Navy ami Engineer JOURNAL deplored the lack of effort o ing." "The Navy has now for its head." said the toast- Navy I ..-a.. hundred diners applauded College of Indian Wisdom .. Training Camp oi The Woodcraft League of America, Inc. SANTA FE, N. M. July 15 to August 25, 1935 9 quarter-term hours college credit For camp directors, camp councillors, leaders ol all outdoors and indoors recreational organizations, playground leaders, teachers oi handicralts. teachers oi Indian Schools, etc., or those aspiring to be such. No previous training required unless working ior credit. Minimum age limit 18 years. The course emphasizes Indian thought throughout, selecting the best ideals oi the best Redmen of the past and present. A number oi the members ol the stall are Indians ol the highest attainment in crafts, etc. The course offers a program for both indoors and outdoors, for both sexes, and all ages, viz., for the kiddies under 12, for those between the ages of 12 and 18, and for wholly adult groups. All instruction is of a practical nature, every member taking an active part. There is very little straight lecturing, except where necessary for academic requirements. EVENINGS. There will be each week various informal periods ol games and dancing, grand councils at which members will help to preside, one evening's visit to La Fonda Hotel where Indian dances will be presented by Indians from one of the neighboring pueblos; also one evening in town to a lecture on Indian life. There will be no extra charge for these- FIELD TRIPS. There will be a field trip each week- These will include a visit to Pecos Ruins and a picnic up the Pecos River; a day at the Santo Domingo Corn Dance; a day at San Ildefonso Pueblo and to the Frijoles Cliff Dwellings; a day at the Santa Clara Fiesta; trips to others of the Pueblos; and a two-day trip to Taos. There will also be conducted tours of Santa Fe, the U. S. Indian School, Laboratory of Anthropology, New Mexico Museum, etc. There will be no extra charge for these trips. CREDIT. Members who are not working for credits may enter the course at any time during the term. Those working for credits, must have at least four full weeks instruction, lor which 6 hours may be earned. Those successfully passing the requirements will receive the certificate of graduation ol Ihe COLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM, recommending them to positions as Camp Councillors, Playground Leaders, or Guides ol organized groups. For credit work, graduation from a standard high school is required; also matriculation with the New Mexico Normal University where our credits are recorded. This, unless already done in a former year, costs $5.00. No more than 6 credit hours may be taken in four weeks, or 9 in six weeks. COST, For tuition, board, camp lodging, and field trips: 1 week $ 30.00 2 weeks 58.00 3 weeks 85.00 4 weeks 110.00 5 weeks 130.00 6 weeks 150.00 Cottage Accommodation. For those who do not wish to camp, there are also a number ol cottages, with modern conveniences, which may be rented at a small additional figure. (over) COURSES ART I. Combination Indian Crafts, including Navajo Weaving, Pottery. Masks, Grass Mats. Tombes, Fire Sets, Fire Making, Councils (70 hours work), 2 hours college credit. ART II. Combination Indian Crafts, including Wool Embroidery, Loom Bead ing Beaded Rosettes, Peace Pipes, Katchinas, Basketry, Smoke Prints, Spat:or Prints, Councils (70 hours work), 2 hours college credit. ART III. Combination Indian Crafts, including Painted Robes, Rattles, Indian '.Veil, Breast Plates, Arrow Chipping, Dancing Bustle, Applied Technique in Art, Parfleche, Indian Design, Indian Artists, Willow Beds, Councils (90 hours work), 3 hours college credit. ART IV. Combination Crafts, including Quill Embroidery. Beaded Thongs, Indian Costuming, Arm and Leg Bands. Tomtoms, Moccasins, Head Dresses, Metal Work, Horn and Bone Work, Councils (70 hours work), 2 hours college credit. SOCIAL SCIENCE I Lectures on Indian Philosophy, History, Life, Legendry. Art. Poetry, Drama, Councils, Sunday Services (70 hours work), 2 hours college credit. SOCIAL SCIENCE II. Indian History, including lectures and field trips, 2 hours college credit. PHYSICAL EDUCATION I. Indian Dancing, European Folk Dancing, American Pioneer Dancing. Games, Councils (80 hours work), 2 hours college credit. MUSIC I Indian Musical Instruments, Indian and Folk Music. Tomtom Orches tra, Councils (35 hours work). 1 hour college credit. NATURE STUDY, etc. Indian Science, including lectures and projects in Nature Study, Primitive Cookery, Story Telling, Vegetable Dyes, Plants as Food. Plants as Medicine, Animal Imitations, Sign Talk, Sunday Services, Councils (70 hours work), 2 hours college credit. CHILDREN'S CAMP There will bo a small Children's Camp in connection with, but wholly separate from, the College. The term will be eight weeks, starting July 1st and running through August 25th. Tho children will be under the guidance ol trained Woodcraft leaders during the full time, and will be given courses similar to those of the adult camp, but adjusted to their ages. They will also be taken on field trips. Horseback riding and instruction in archery will be included. The cost for the children will be $200 lor the full term of eight weeks, and will include tuition, board, camp lodging, field trips and handicraft materials. Fuller particulars may be had by writing to the COLLEGE OF INDIAN WISDOM Santa Fe, New Mexico HS AriZTOl 1MM375 3313 B5 C67 1 J