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The Mobile Journalist – from Backpack to Pocket Journalism SPECIAL REPORT Empowering the News Publishing Industry 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism A must read for: Managing Director/CEO/Chairman Chief Editor/Editor in Chief/Editor Electronic Publishing Editor Catchwords: Editorial Electronic Media Information Technology www.ifra.com/specialreports IFRA Special Report 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism Author Prof. Dr. Stephen Quinn Edited by Dr. Dietmar Schantin Imprint IFRA Special Reports, research reports, study reports on technology and organisation as well as documents for the standardisation of publishing and news- paper printing techniques. Published by IFRA GmbH & Co. KG, Washingtonplatz 1, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; www.ifra.com; phone +49.6151.733-6; fax +49.6151.733-872. Chief Executive Officer: Reiner Mittelbach, Deputy CEO: Manfred Werfel. Republishing – also of excerpts – only with express permission of IFRA and acknowledgement of origin. Purchase price This IFRA Special Report is sold at the price of 270 EUR plus 7% VAT* per printed copy. IFRA members can download the report free of charge as a digital file from the area of the IFRA website reserved for IFRA members. * This applies within Germany as well as for companies and persons in the European Union that do not have a VAT number. 2 IFRA Special Report 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism 1 Introduction and overview . 4 2 Origins of the mojo . 5 Table of 3 Case studies from around the world . 7 contents 3.1 Case studies from the United Kingdom . 7 3.2 Case studies from Scandinavia . 8 3.3 Case studies from Asia . 9 3.4 Case studies from Australia . 11 3.5 Case studies from the United States . 11 3.6 Case studies from Africa . 13 4 Challenges to mojo work . 15 5 The people formerly known as the audience . 16 6 Revenue opportunities . 17 7 The future . 18 7.1 Changing roles for journalists . 18 7.2 Storytelling with the mobile . 19 8 Lessons learned and conclusions . 20 Appendix A: Mojo tools . 21 A.1 Hardware and software recommendations . 23 Appendix B: Recommended videos about mojo . 26 Appendix C: Recommended readings . 27 Appendix D: Author biography . 28 3 IFRA Special Report 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism 1 Introduction and overview A mojo is a mobile journalist, someone During the past decade digital tech- The arrival of the telegraph from who reports with a mobile phone. This nology has transformed and accelerated the 1840s meant that news could be innovative form of newsgathering has the way journalists work. To do their job reported quickly compared with pre- spread around the world since late 2007 well and quickly, busy reporters need vious forms of delivery: ships, letters and and offers major opportunities for news- the simplest technologies. The history of horseback. Journalism historian Richard papers. Breaking news drives traffi c to journalists’ adoption of newsgathering Schwarzlose maintains that the tele- newspaper web sites, especially news technologies contains a key theme: graph transformed American journalism with video, still images and audio. A reporters will embrace new tools that into a “news-hungry industry” between reporter armed with a mobile phone and accelerate the delivery of news, provided the mid 1840s and the American Civil a fast connection can get multi-media those tools are easy to use. The mojo War of 1861–65: “A craving for the breaking news onto a newspaper’s web represents the latest iteration in this freshest news grew hand-in-hand with site within minutes of an event being evolution. The beauty of the mojo lies the new technologies of steam and reported. in its simplicity and convenience: with electricity.” This report describes the spread of minimal training it is very easy to record Emerging technologies such as the the mojo, details what newspapers can images and sound with a mobile phone mojo are having a similarly signifi cant learn from best practices from around and send content to an editor who can impact on journalism in the early twenty- the world, and discusses the options put it on the web within minutes. fi rst century. They provide new reporting available to newspapers. It also considers History shows that new reporting tools opportunities. The mojo gives news- how some media organisations are have always changed the way journalists papers a way to compete with television attracting valuable content from their operate, and have accelerated the and radio in terms of multi-media many audiences who also carry mobile newsgathering process. News travelled breaking news, particularly as the quality phones (sometimes referred to as audi- slowly in the eighteenth and nineteenth of cameras improves. ence generated content), and ways to centuries compared with today. The make money from mobile innovations. American Declaration of Independence of 4 July 1776, for example, was not reported in Europe until late August that year. People in England only became aware of Nelson’s victory at Trafalgar – on 21 October 1805 – on November 2. 4 IFRA Special Report 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism 2 Origins of the mojo In the spoof spy movies of Mike Meyers, if your mojo is working you have sex appeal. You lead a charmed life. With the spread of digital technologies, mojo tools give reporters increased power over their lives. The origin of the word mojo is unclear but its roots appear to have come from “moco’o” from the Fula language of central Africa, where it means a person who works magic. About two- thirds of a million people in Cameroon speak Fula as their fi rst language and another 4 million employ it as a second language. In nearby Congo, “moyo” means “soul” or “life force.” “Mojo” entered the English language during the slavery era in the United States. In the context of journalism, the word Figure 1: iPhone – © Enrico Podda – Fotolia.com “mojo” appears to have been coined in 2005 by staff at Gannett newspapers in The major development since those Blogger and academic Jeff Jarvis the United States. It was the codename for innovations at The News-Press in 2005 says that with mojo technology “all a project at The News-Press at Fort Myers has been the arrival of software that reporters are online reporters now.” in Florida, where reporters were gathering allows reporters to stream live video Jarvis runs the interactive media section and distributing news in new ways. Kate and stills straight from their mobile of the graduate journalism programme Marymont, executive editor and vice phone to a newspaper’s web site. This at the City University of New York. His president of news for The News-Press, report focuses on that development, programme purchased fi ve Nokia N95 said the mojo experiment was designed and suggests ways that newspapers can phones and pays for the data charges to create neighbourhood-focused areas take advantage of these developments. because his school believes it is vital within the newspaper’s website, www. The main software options are discussed that students experience using the tech- news-press.com, and to deliver breaking later in this report. nology for newsgathering. “I have no news throughout each day. On 16 April 2007 a gunman went on doubt that in a very short time, when the Marymont said the message from a rampage on the campus of Virginia next big news story breaks with reports the paper’s corporate leaders was clear: Tech in the United States, shooting coming from the scene and from wit- increase the attention the news staff dead scores of people. A graduate stu- nesses, it will be live,” Jarvis said. That gave to online, to drive traffi c to the dent, Jamal Albaughouti, fi lmed the year would become known as the “year site. “This experiment sprang from two shootings with his mobile phone and of the mojo” as newspapers discovered related beliefs: One, deep ultra-local gave the footage to CNN. Those images the power of breaking live multi-media neighbourhood web sites can be lively attracted millions of hits to the CNN news via some of the tools discussed in gathering places of people online. Two, web site over the next couple of days. this report. we must have the help of residents to Imagine what could have been possible Various studies have shown that build these sites, but they won’t know if Jamal Albaughouti or a journalist had people buy a smart-phone instead of a how to contribute unless we help been able to stream footage live to the regular cell phone because they want to them.” Some Fort Myers mojos spent web from their mobile phone? That is access the Internet. In July 2008 analysts much of each day recruiting and training the exciting opportunity the mojo option Nielsen Mobile reported that almost contributors from the audience. provides newspapers. 40 million Americans (about 16 percent 5 IFRA Special Report 03.2009 The mobile journalist – from backpack to pocket journalism of mobile users) browsed the Inter- personal computer as the way they go Sony Ericsson phones, despite the fact net while on the move, almost double online. Upwards of a third of university the iPhone represents a mere 2 percent the number from two years earlier. The students access the Internet via their of smart-phones worldwide. Phones United Kingdom and Italy came a close mobile. Nielsen found that four in fi ve powered by the Symbian operating second and third in the Nielsen study of iPhone owners accessed the mobile system such as Nokia and Sony Ericsson countries with extensive smart-phone Internet.
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