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Lebanon Education Public Expenditure Review, 2017

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Lebanon Education Public Expenditure Review, 2017 Education Global Practice Middle East and North Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized LEBANON Education Public Expenditure Review 2017 Task Team Leader: Husein Abdul-Hamid Team members: Haneen Ismail Sayed, Dima Krayem, Joey R Ghaleb Public Disclosure Authorized LEBANON Education Public Expenditure Review 2017 Education Global Practice Middle East and North Africa Region Task Team Leader: Husein Abdul-Hamid Team members: Haneen Ismail Sayed, Dima Krayem, Joey R Ghaleb Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Figures............................................................................................................................. 4 Table of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 6 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction: Country Context ................................................................................................. 15 Structure of the Educational System......................................................................................... 18 Enrollments Trends: Access to Schooling and Internal Efficiency ........................................ 20 Basic and Secondary Education ................................................................................................ 20 Technical and Vocational Education......................................................................................... 22 Higher Education....................................................................................................................... 22 The Syrian Effect ...................................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 25 Public Spending on Education: Size, Composition, and Trends in Government Spending 26 Teachers as the Largest Share of Government Expenditure .................................................. 30 Teacher Grades and Qualification Levels ................................................................................. 30 Teacher Workload and Efficiencies .......................................................................................... 33 Teacher Salaries ........................................................................................................................ 37 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 39 Education Quality and Outcomes ............................................................................................. 40 National and International Assessments ................................................................................... 40 Factors affecting Learning ........................................................................................................ 44 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 49 Access, Equity, and Inclusion .................................................................................................... 50 Gender Equity ........................................................................................................................... 50 Wealth Inequity ......................................................................................................................... 52 Engaging the Private Sector ...................................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 58 Data and Public Financial Management .................................................................................. 59 The Institutional Framework and Capacities ............................................................................ 59 Strategic Planning ..................................................................................................................... 60 Budget Formulation................................................................................................................... 60 Budget Implementation ............................................................................................................. 63 Audit, Monitoring, and Evaluation ........................................................................................... 64 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 66 Policy Recommendations............................................................................................................ 67 Enhancing Education Efficiencies ............................................................................................ 67 Improving Public Finance Management ................................................................................... 69 Institutional and Capacities ....................................................................................................... 69 Strategic Planning ....................................................................................................................... 69 Budget Formulation .................................................................................................................... 69 Budget Implementation .............................................................................................................. 69 Audit and M&E........................................................................................................................... 69 References .................................................................................................................................... 73 Annex 1: Data Sources................................................................................................................ 74 Annex 2: Primary Civil Servant Teacher’s Salary (as Percentage of GDP per Capita), Detailed ........................................................................................................................................ 75 Annex 3: Secondary Civil Servant Teacher’s Salary (as Percentage of GDP per Capita), Detailed ........................................................................................................................................ 76 Annex 3: Salary Cost per Student of Permanent Teachers .................................................... 77 Annex 4: Trends in Education Spending .................................................................................. 78 ....................................................................................................................................................... 80 Table of Figures Figure 1. Fluctuations in the Annual GDP Growth Rate Due to Political Upheavals ...................... Figure 2. Poverty Rate across Regions ......................................................................................... 16 Figure 3. Poverty Rate by Education Level of Population Aged 22 or More ............................... 16 Figure 4. Employment Rate, by Age and Gender ............................................................................. Figure 5. Organizational Structure .................................................................................................... Figure 6. Distribution of Private/Public Schools, by Level of Education ........................................ Figure 7. Net Enrollment Rates (2006–13) ................................................................................... 21 Figure 8. Completion Rates (2005–13) ......................................................................................... 21 Figure 9: Enrollment in Technical and Vocational Education, by Type of Certificate (2012–13) . Figure 10: MENA Tertiary Education GER ................................................................................. 23 Figure 11: Tertiary Education GER in Comparator Countries ..................................................... 23 Figure 12. Trend in Syrian Enrollment over Time (First Shift Schools) ...................................... 24 Figure 13. Number of Syrians in First Shift Public Schools ........................................................ 24 Figure 14. Breakdown of Increase in First Shift per Student Cost ................................................... Figure 15. GDP per Capita versus Education Expenditure............................................................... Figure 16. Public Share Enrollment and Education Expenditure of Upper Middle-Income Countries ........................................................................................................................................... Figure 17. Distribution of Teachers, by Grade (2014)...................................................................... Figure 18: Trend in Teacher
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