Support for Research Initiatives Ⅰ 1 Grants-In-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi)

JSPS 2011-2012 Contents

Message from JSPS President, Dr. Yuichiro Anzai Organization, JSPS’s Institutional Transition Budget

Support for Research Initiatives Ⅰ 1 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi)...... 4 2 Leading-Edge Research Initiatives...... 10 3 Program for Promoting Methodological Innovation in Humanities and Social Sciences by Cross-Disciplinary Fusing..... 14 Fostering Next Generation of Researchers Ⅱ 1 Research Fellowships for Young Scientists...... 15 2 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad...... 17 International Collaborations Ⅲ 1 International Collaborations...... 18 2 Advancing International Joint Research via Cooperation with Science-Promotion Organizations in Other Countries ... 20 3 Supporting the Establishment of Research and Education Hubs...... 22 4 Carrying Out Exchange with Asian and African Countries...... 24 5 Supporting International Exchange for Training Young Researchers...... 26 6 Inviting Overseas Researchers to Japan...... 28 Support for University Reform—Enhancing the Ⅳ Quality of University Research and Education 1 Global COE Program...... 31 2 Leading Programs in Doctoral Education...... 32 3 Program for Enhancing Systematic Education in Graduate Schools...... 32 4 Program for Promoting University Education Reform...... 33 5 Project for Establishing University Network for Internationalization ("Global 30") ...... 34 6 Re-Inventing Japan Project...... 35 7 World Premier International Research Center Initiative ...... 36 8 Program for Promoting Social Science Research Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems...... 37 .9 Japan Studies Based on International Collaboration...... 37 Scientific Outreach Ⅴ 1 University-Industry Research Cooperation...... 38 2 Information Services...... 39 3 Donations...... 39 4 Program for Publishing of Noteworthy Contributions to Science and Technology...... 39 5 Student Outreach Activities...... 40 Awards of Recognition Ⅵ 1 International Prize for Biology...... 41 2 JSPS Prize...... 42 3 Ikushi Prize...... 43 Research Center for Science Systems Ⅶ ...... 44

Appendix List of Programs...... 46 List of JSPS’s Overseas Counterpart Institutions...... 48 Map of JSPS Overseas Offices and Counterpart Institutions...... 50 Researchers Exchanged from 2008-2010...... 52 JSPS 2011-2012

Message from JSPS President Dr. Yuichiro Anzai

The Great East Japan Earthquake that struck on 11 March was an unprecedented natural disaster that wreaked immense destruction on our nation. Extending my heartfelt condolenc- es to the affected people, I pray for the speedy recovery and reconstruction of the devastated communities. At JSPS, we have received many messages of condolence and encouragement from counterparts and affiliates in a great many countries. They have been both heartening and uplifting to us. I would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt appreciation to our colleagues for your warm friendship and caring words.

The mega-earthquake and tsunami demonstrated to us science’s significance and potential in tackling and taming the ferocity of nature. This goes not only for the natural sciences but also the humanities, social sciences, medicine and engineering. We have learned many valuable lessons from this experience, which will need to be applied in surging forward scientific research and human-resource development through the threshold of a new era. This will be our mandate.

Over the near future, Japan will continue to be confronted with many serious issues, not the least of which are an aging society exasperated by a low birth rate and a pro- longed period of economic stagnation. From a wider perspective, international competition is becoming increasingly more intense as Asian and other nations become newly emerging forces within the global community. Concurrently, heightened expectation is being placed on Japan to help solve, with a long-term vision, the myriad of problems that affect large swaths of the human race. Amidst this milieu, it becomes all the more important for Japan to carry out scientific research and foster the next generations of researchers who will advance it by creating new genres of “knowledge” that can enrich the Japanese people’s lives while laying the foundations for achieving greater socio-economic development around the world.

As Japan’s core funding agency supporting scientific advancement, JSPS administers the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research and other funding programs to underwrite scientific research initiatives. While working to cultivate budding researchers through the Research Fellowships for Young Scientists and other fellowship programs, JSPS places a high value on both researcher autonomy and research diversity. As a key member of the globe-spanning network of science organizations, JSPS also concen- trates its effort on promoting international collaboration. Over recent years, JSPS has spearheaded initiatives to advance university reform in Japan, the latest being the “Leading Program in Doctoral Education” launched this fiscal year, while carrying out a broad-ranging program to engage young researchers in the frontiers of scientific progress.

We will strive to carry forward JSPS’s program in an even-more efficient and effective manner so as to meet the needs of researchers and students aspiring to careers in science across the spectrum of fields and also society’s multifaceted expectations for scientific advancement, while enhancing Japan’s contribution to global society. In these pursuits, we will employ a strength of “knowledge” needed to address the challenges of coming periods.

As we move this agenda forward, I ask for your greatly appreciated guidance, support and cooperation.

1 JSPS 2011-2012 Organization

President Advisory Council

Research Center for Science Systems Yuichiro Anzai Director Academic Advisory Board

Chairman Inspector Generals Executive Directors Hiroyuki Yoshikawa

Academic Advisors Motonori Hoshi Hiromitsu Ishi Makoto Tsuneo Nakahara Kobayashi Ryoji Noyori Akira Tonomura Katsumi Michihisa Makoto Takayoshi Deputy Deputy Kumao Toyoshima Aida Kyoto Asashima Seiki Director Director

Michio Motoya Muramatsu Katsuki Administration International Program Research Program Deputy Senior Department Department Department Director Advisor

Director: Yoshihiko Kakuta Director: Hisashi Kato Director: Masaru Osanai Toshio Shiro Kuroki Ishii Deputy Director: Deputy Director: Managing Director: Koji Ueda Helga Tabuchi Tomoka Satomi 9 Program Groups Senior Program Officers Research Cooperation Coordinator: General Affairs Division Program Officers Division Ⅰ Osami Kurosawa Head: Koji Ueda Head: Helga Tabuchi Managing Director: Tomoka Satomi Head: Yasushi Mitsukuri University-industry Policy Planning, Research Cooperation Cooperation and Information and Division Ⅱ Head: Hiroko Takuma Research Program Systems Division As of October 2011 Head: Hiroyuki Kono Division Overseas Fellowship Head: Kimihiro Nagasawa Division Budget Division Head: Akihiko Satomi Research Funds Head: Toyohiko Fujinami Management Division Asian Program Division Head: Hisashi Norose Head: Akie Hoshino Accounting Division Head: Hironori Kawazu Research Aid Division I Overseas Training Head: Akira Yoshino Research Fellowship Program Division Head: Kojiro Kakimoto Division Research Aid Division II Head: Isao Oshiro Head: Kazuhiko Nishiyama JSPS Fellow Plaza Director: Hisashi Kato Leading-edge Research Promotion Division Head: Minoru Takahashi

Washington, DC San Francisco Bonn JSPS Overseas Offices London Stockholm Strasbourg Bangkok Beijing Cairo Nairobi JSPS’s Institutional Transition December 1932: JSPS established as a foundation through an endowment of ¥1.5 million by the late Emperor Showa. September 1967: JSPS converted into a quasi-government organization. October 2003: JSPS converted into an independent administrative institution.

2 JSPS 2011-2012 Budget

JSPS’s budget for the 2011 fiscal year totals ¥334.7 billion. This amount is divided into direct funding of ¥291.7 billion and indirect funding of ¥43.0 billion. The indirect funds are provided in MEXT’s budget for program selection and assessment functions performed by JSPS.

The chart below gives a breakdown of the main items of the budget, which is 99.7% subsidized by the Japanese government.

Budget Transition FY2007-2011

(Unit: billion yen) 350 334.7 322.2

43.0 300 282.1 77.1 2.6 42.9 250 240.6 1.0 222.6 90.9 Indirect funding 45.1 55.5 Researcher Overseas Visit Fund 200 83.5 1.1 1.1 Leading-edge Research Promotion 62.9 2.5 1.8 Fund 40.0 30.1 17.5 Multi-year Fund for Grants-in-Aid 150 1.6 1 1.5 From Commissioned Programs, etc

Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program 100 Grants for Strategically Advancing 129.7 129.8 141.1 Cutting-edge R&D 126.7 127.8 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

50 Government subsidies for JSPS as an Independent Administrative Institution

29.1 28.9 29.2 28.1 29.3 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 (FY)2011

FY2011 Budget by Program （Unit: billion yen）

Direct funding Indirect funding Government subsidies for JSPS as an Independent Program for Establishing COEs 24.3 29.3 Administrative Institution Program for Promoting University Reform 5.6 Research fellowships for young scientists 20.4 WPI Program 8.0 International scientific cooperation programs 7.0 Global 30 5.0 Research application programs 0.2 Commissioned S&T Research 0.1 Research Center for Science Systems 0.6 Total 43.0 General administration 1.0 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 141.1 Grants for Strategically Advancing Cutting-edge R&D 17.5 Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program 1.8 From Commissioned Programs, etc 1.1 Grand Total 334.7

Multi-year Fund for Grants-in-Aid 55.5 "Multi-year Fund for Grants-in-Aid" of ¥85.3 billion was established Leading-edge Research Promotion Fund 42.9 using the FY2011 budget. "Leading-edge Research Promotion Fund"of ¥150 billion and Researcher Overseas Visit Fund 2.6 "Researcher Overseas Visit Fund" of ¥7.6 billion were established Total 291.7 using the Japanese government's FY2009 supplemental budget.

3 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives 1 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi)

Purpose Over half of Japan’s competitive funding is provided by way of this program. To contribute to scientific advancement in Japan, this program provides grants to support a high caliber of research across the entire spectrum of academic fields. These grants are awarded to researchers at Japanese universities and research institutions who are conducting basic research and have submitted highly creative, leading-edge research plans.

Features Transition in Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Grants support research plans crafted upon the free Research

ideas of the researchers. ¥ billion 300 263.3 Application screening conducted through a peer- 250 197.0 200.0 review process. 200 189.5 191.3 193.2

150 As little restriction as possible is placed on the use 100 of grant funds. 50

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (FY) The Grant-in-Aid budget for FY 2011 totals ¥263.3 billion, which represents a ¥20.4 billion increase in funding for grants issued in this fiscal year. ¥42.9 of the budget will be used in FY 2012 through FY 2015 to fund projects via the new multi-year Fund.

The Position of Grants-in-Aid within the Framework of Japan’s S&T-research Policy

Research type

Scientific research based on researcher’s R&D on policy imperatives creative ideas [mission-oriented research] [curiosity-driven research]

Research advanced using Openly recruited research for purposes Grants-in-Aid for Scientific set independently by each ministry Research

Funding type

Government-led national projects

Research advanced at universities and inter-university research institutes

Strategically advanced R&D by research organizations

4 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

System Reformed by Creating a Multi-year Grant Fund

In FY 2011, the Grants-in-Aid system was reformed by cre- The multi-year Fund offers several advantages, including (1) ating a Fund for some grant categories. Established within ability to move grant funding forward from the next fiscal year in

JSPS with funding from the Ministry of Education, Culture, line with advances in the research, (2) ability to carry over fund- of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Fund allows ing into the next fiscal year without advanced processing, and multi-year grant usage. The program now provides two types (3) ability to order and purchase equipment and supplies across of grants: multi-year grants via the Fund and single-year fiscal years. These advantages give researchers greater flexibility grants issued over a series of years. in using their grants and allow them to concentrate on their research, contributing significantly to the invigoration of research activities.

Image of Grants-in-Aid System International Collaborations FY 2010 FY 2011 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program Fund established (Applicable to newly selected project from FY 2011)

Scientific Research (C) Support for University Reform Multi-year Fund Challenging Exploratory Research Series of single-year grants Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) Continuing projects

Other grant categories (e.g., Specially Promoted Research, Scientific Research (A)) Newly selected and continuing projects Scientific Outreach Image of Improved Funding System

1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year Scheduled grant usage ¥1 million ¥1 million ¥1 million ¥1 million Actual usage based on needs ¥1.3 million ¥0.7 million ¥0.8 million ¥1.2 million Science Systems Research Center for ¥0.3 million ¥0.2 million Drawn forward Carried over without by request any processing

(Examples of 4-year Image of single-year grant usage project durations) Image of grant usage after Fund established

FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 Awards of Recognition

Selected Selected in new continuing continuing continuing continuing continuing Continuing years: same as before in FY 2007 FY 2008

Selected Selected in new continuing continuing continuing continuing continuing continuing in FY 2008 FY 2009 Fund: ¥85.3 billion Selected Selected in new continuing continuing continuing new continuing continuing continuing in FY 2009 FY 2010

Selected Selected in new continuing continuing continuing new continuing continuing continuing in FY 2010 FY 2011 Appendix

Bloc budgets allocated from FY 2011

The yellow column shows the budget allocated for FY 2010. As projects re- Yellow and green allocations are provided in FY2011 budget. Under the ceive single-year grants, their funds must be spent within the fiscal year. grant categories to which the Fund in applied, because of multi-year disburse- ments grant usage is not restricted to single-year intervals over the course of a project.

5 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Grant Categories Various grant categories are provided based on the objective and nature of the research. Under these categories, grant administration, including application calls, screening and grant disbursement, is currently divided between MEXT and JSPS. In FY 2011, the function of disbursing grants in the following three grant categories was transferred to JSPS from MEXT: Specially Promoted Research and Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) and (B).

Status FY2010 Function Categories Objective Applied Selected (Select/Award) Internationally appraised research expected to produce outstanding results Specially Promoted • 3-5 years 111 15 J Research • 500 million yen or more per project Highly responsive research on issues of urgent societal needs that require Scientific Research global collaboration 1,063 279 M on Priority Areas • 3-6 years • 20-600 million yen yearly per area (Research in a proposed research area) Joint research in new disciplines that contributes to elevating Japan’s scientific standard and fostering young researchers. 3,285 678 ・5 years Scientific Research ・10-300 million yen yearly per area M on Innovative Areas (Research under a proposed research project) Innovative topical research with potential for scientific breakthroughs, without a guarantee of good results. -- ・3 years ・10 million yen yearly S: Leading-edge research by a researcher or a small group of researchers • As a rule, 5 years • 50-200 million yen per project

Scientific Research Creative and pioneering research by a researcher or a group of researchers 43,915 10,585 J • 3-5 years • A: 20-50 million yen per project • B: 5-20 million yen per project • C: Up to 5 million yen per project Research at an early stage with highly challenging goals based on unique Challenging concepts Exploratory 12,505 1,412 J • 1-3 years Research • Up to 5 million yen per project Research carried out by an individual researcher of up to age 42 -- J • S: 5 years, 30-100 million yen per project Grant-in-Aid for Research carried out by an individual researcher of up to age 39 Young Scientists • 2-4 years 24,758 5,921 J • A: 5-30 million yen per project • B: Up to 5 million yen per project Grant-in-Aid for Start-up research mainly conducted by a newly tenured researcher Research Activity • 2 years 3,460 848 J Start-up • Up to 1.5 million yen per year Research carried out by an employee of an educational or research institution Encouragement of or a corporation or any other individual 3,570 714 J Scientists • 1 year • Up to 1 million yen Grant-in-Aid for Urgent and critical research subjects M Special Purposes Publication of Publishing scientific research results 96 59 M Research Results Scientific Periodicals Publication of International academic journals 131 102 J

Scientific Literature Books on research results 719 272 J

Databases Compiling and networking databases 209 82 J Research by JSPS pre- and postdoctoral fellows Grant-in-Aid for (Japanese and overseas researchers) 3,060 3,060 J JSPS Fellows • Up to 3 years To further advance selected components of highly creative research conducted Creative Scientific under Grants-in-Aid ------J Research • 5 years

6 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Configuration of Grant Categories

Note: Research categories under which new application calls are issued in FY 2011. Promotion of internationally apprised research of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 3-5 years ¥500 million or more per project International Collaborations Internationally appraised research Only newly Grant-in-Aid selected for Scientific projects under Research on the grant Innovative Areas categories Creating new Scientific

domains by Research (C), Support for University Reform interlinking research Challenging fields Exploratory (Research in a Research, proposed research and Grant-in- Grant-in-Aid for Scientific area) 5 years Aid for Young Research (S) ¥10 million to ¥300 Scientists (B) As a rule 5 years ¥50 million to ¥200 million yearly per are placed million per project area under the multi- Marked advancement of creative and Creating new domains or markedly year Fund.

cutting-edge research Scientific Outreach Grant-in-Aid for Young advancing existing Scientists domains through joint research Up to age 39 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific 2-4 years Research (A), (B) or (C) 3-5 years (A) ¥20 million to ¥50 million per Grant-in-Aid for (A) ¥5 million to ¥30 million per project project Exploratory Research (B) ¥5 million to ¥20 million per 1-3 years Up to ¥5 million per Scale of research funding / Advancement of research funding / Advancement Scale of research (B) Up to ¥5 million per project project project Science Systems Research Center for (C) Up to ¥5 million per project Research at an early stage with Grant-in-Aid for Research highly challenging goals Creative and pioneering research by a Activity Start-up researcher(s) Up to 2 years Up to ¥1.5 million per year

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows Awards of Recognition Up to 3 years Up to ¥1.5 million per year

Self-reliance Forming new support for young research areas,

researchers challenging research Appendix

Securing diversity of research based on researchers’ free ideas

7 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Selection and Assessment Process

JSPS’s screening process begins with a document review Science Systems. The names of the examiners are released of the applications, followed by a panel review based on after the selection process is completed. A list of selected the document review results. If requested, unsuccessful projects is posted on the homepage of the National Institute applicants are provided their approximate ranking vis-à-vis of Informatics (NII). the screening results. Annual research-progress reports are databased and posted on Document reviews are carried out by 5,000 researchers NII’s homepage for public access. Research-results reports are and panel reviews by 1,000. They are chosen from a JSPS also posted on NII’s database, starting with projects ending in database through a process conducted fairly and impartially FY 2008. by the program officers of JSPS’s Research Center for

Procedural Flows from Application Screening through Project Assessment

Example of moderately funded programs Example of largely funded programs

Scientific Research (B) Specially Promoted Research ¥5-20 million ¥500 million or more per project 3-5 years 3-5 years

Call for Applications

Screening l Document review (JSPS’s Committee l Document review (first stage) l Hearing candidates selected on Grants-in-Aid for l Panel review (second stage) l Hearing Scientific Research) l Panel review

Start Research

Self-evaluation Carried out to assess the degree to which the project objectives have been achieved to (Researcher) date and issue a progress report

Evaluation of Research Carried out the year prior to project completion, with results used in the following assessment Progress processes: l (JSPS’s Committee Document reviews l on Grants-in-Aid for Hearings l Scientific Research) On-site inspections

Release of Scientific Research Results

l Summary report of achievements (annual) Evaluation l Post-project report of results (Academic Societ- ・Disseminated by National Institute of Informatics ies) l Researcher presentations at domestic and overseas academic societies l Application for intellectual property rights

Follow-up evaluation (JSPS’s Committee Carried out 5 years after projects end to assess the outcomes and ripple effects generated by on Grants-in-Aid for the research results Scientific Research)

8 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Increasing in number year by year, 97,000 new applications This efficient system of screening a total of about 138,000 were received for FY2010 grants. JSPS generally processes new and ongoing applications takes only four months from these applications under the following schedule: the submission deadline to selection. An electronic system Call for applications: September has been installed to streamline the process even further. Application deadline: mid-November

Screening: January to March of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Notification of selection results: April

Number of Proposals Selection Ratios of New Proposals

Proposals submitted 2008 2009 2010 International Collaborations

Proposals selected 22.7% 24.9% 24.8% New proposals submitted

New proposals selected

137,000 138,000 138,000 140,000 Support for University Reform

120,000 Measures to Prevent the Misuse of Grants- in-Aid 104,000 104,000 97,000 Measures are taken to prevent the misuse of grant 100,000 funds, including (1) obligating host institutions to administer awarded Grants-in-Aid, (2) limiting application eligibility, and (3) providing and widely Scientific Outreach 80,000 circulating clearly articulated rules. In addition, institutions applying for a Grant-in-Aid are to submit a “Self-Assessment Checklist on the Improvement of the System and other Matters” to MEXT. 60,000 65,000 59,000 57,000 Other measures are taken to preclude grantees from placing prepayment deposits with vendors. In addition to conducting thorough inspections of incoming

40,000 Science Systems Research Center for deliveries, each research institution is instructed to

24,000 26,000 24,000 circulate rules to vendors, obtain their understanding and cooperation in preventing the practice of 20,000 prepayment deposits, and make them aware of the severe penalties, including the stoppage of orders, which may be levied if they accept such unauthorized deposits. 0 Awards of Recognition 2008 2009 2010 (FY)

Budget Website FY2011: ¥263.3 billion http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-grantsinaid/index.html Appendix

9 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives 2 Leading-Edge Research Initiatives

(1) Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program)

Purpose The Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology, or “First Program” for short, was established with funding allocated from the Japanese government’s FY2009 supplemental budget. Its objective is to advance cutting-edge research that will strengthen Japan’s international competitiveness while feeding the fruits of the program’s research activities into society for the benefit of its people. JSPS manages and operates the Fund that finances research under this program and administers the program’s implementation once the projects have been selected.

Features Contents (1) As the source of project financing is this ongoing Fund, Targeted research: Cutting-edge projects carried out in research funding is made continuously available for various fields at various stages across a spectrum from basic projects over several years, giving researchers a much research aimed at generating new knowledge to R&D on higher degree of freedom in its utilization. topics of near-future application. (2) Researchers are themselves able to designate the Number of projects: 30 (recruited and selected by the institution they want to provide operational support Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office) for their projects. This system is expected to create an Project duration: 3-5 years environment that allows researchers to concentrate on their work while making optimum use of their skills and abilities in advancing research and development. Budget (3) Rules governing the expenditure of research funds are minimized to the lowest necessary level so as to allow Total: ¥100 billion (from FY2009 supplemental budget) projects to proceed smoothly while adjusting to various In addition, to bolster and quicken the pace of R&D on critical conditions. issues conducted by core researchers, two auxiliary programs were launched in FY 2010. One was the FIRST Acceleration Program, which provided supplemental program funding in Website FY 2010, and the other is the FIRST Outreach Program, which provides supplemental funding for FIRST-related symposiums. http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-first/index.html (FY2011 budget for FIRST Outreach Program: ¥200 million) Selected Projects

Core-Researcher’s Core-Researcher’s Operational support Research Subject Name Affiliation institutions Kazuyuki AIHARA The University of Tokyo Japan Science and Mathematical Theory for Modelling Complex Systems Technology Agency (JST) and its Transdisciplinary Applications in Science and Technology Shizuo AKIRA Osaka University Osaka University Comprehensive Understanding of Immune Dynamism: Toward Manipulation of Immune Responses Chihaya ADACHI Kyushu University Kyushu University Challenges for Super Organic Electroluminescence Devices through Innovation of Organic Semiconducting Materials Yasuhiko ARAKAWA The University of Tokyo Photonics Electronics Technology Development for Photonic-Electronic Technology Research Integration System Association （PETRA） Masayoshi ESASHI Tohoku University Tohoku University Research and Development of Integrated Microsystems Hideo OHNO Tohoku University Tohoku University Research and Development of Ultra-low Power Spintronics-based Logic VLSIs Teruo OKANO Tokyo Women’s Medical Japan Science and System Integration for Industrialization of University Technology Agency (JST) Regenerative Medicine: Creation of Organ Factory Hideyuki OKANO Keio University RIKEN Strategic Exploitation of Neuro-Genetics for Emergence of the Mind Kazunori KATAOKA The University of Tokyo Japan Science and Development of Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Agency (JST) Systems Based on Nanobiotechnology

10 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Core-Researcher’s Core-Researcher’s Operational support Research Subject Name Affiliation institutions Tomoji KAWAI Osaka University Osaka University Research and Development of Innovative Nanobiodevices Based on Single-Molecule Analysis— Ultra-fast Single-Molecule-DNA Sequencing, Ultra- Low-Concentration Virus Detection, and Ultra- Sensitive Biomolecule Monitoring of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Masaru The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Development of the Fastest Database Engine for the KITSUREGAWA Era of Very Large Database and Experiment and Evaluation of Strategic Social Services Enabled by the Database Engine Tsunenobu KIMOTO Kyoto University National Institute of Innovative SiC Power Electronics Technology Toward Advanced Industrial Low-Carbon Society Science and Technology

(AIST) International Collaborations Masaru KURIHARA Toray Industries, Inc. New Energy and Industrial Mega-ton Water System Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Yasuhiro KOIKE Keio University Keio University Creation of Face-to-Face Communication Industry by Ultra High-Speed Plastic Optical Fiber and Photonics Polymers for High-Resolution and Large-Size Display Tatsuhiko KODAMA The University of Tokyo Molecular Dynamics for Molecular Dynamics Initiative for Antibody Drug

Antibody Drug Development Development (MDADD) Support for University Reform Alliance Cooperation (MDADD AC) Yoshiyuki SANKAI University of Tsukuba University of Tsukuba World Leading Human-assistive Technology Supporting a Long-lived and Healthy Society Hiroki SHIRATO Hokkaido University Hokkaido University Sustainable Development of Molecular-Tracking Radiotherapy System Hiroshi SEGAWA The University of Tokyo New Energy and Industrial Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low- Technology Development Carbon Society: Pioneering Next Generation Solar Organization (NEDO) Cell Technologies and Industries via Multimanufacturer

Cooperation Scientific Outreach Koichi TANAKA Shimadzu Corporation Japan Science and Contribution toward Drug Discovery and Diagnosis Technology Agency (JST) by Next Generation of Advanced Mass Spectrometry System Yoshinori TOKURA The University of Tokyo RIKEN Quantum Science of Strongly Correlated Systems Akira TONOMURA Hitachi, Ltd. Japan Science and Development and Application of Atomic-Resolution Technology Agency (JST) Holography Electron Microscope Ryozo NAGAI The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Development of Optimized Therapeutic Strategies

against Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Using Science Systems Research Center for Large-scale Computing and Clinical Information Shinichi NAKASUKA The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Establishment of New Paradigm of Space Development and Utilization with Nano- Satellites Introducing Japanese-Original “Reasonably Reliable Systems Engineering” Hideo HOSONO Tokyo Institute of Tokyo Institute of Exploration of New Superconductors and Technology Technology Related Functional Materials and Application of

Superconducting Wires for Industry Awards of Recognition Noritaka MIZUNO The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Innovative Basic Research Toward Creation of High- performance Battery Hitoshi MURAYAMA The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Uncovering the Origin and Future of the Universe— Ultra-wide-field Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal the Nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy Masashi YANAGISAWA The University of Texas University of Tsukuba Molecular Mechanism and Control of Complex Behaviors Shinya YAMANAKA Kyoto University Kyoto University iPS Cell Project for Regenerative Medicine

Yoshihisa YAMAMOTO National Institute of Research Organization of Quantum Information Processing Project Appendix Informatics, Research Information and Systems Organization of Information and Systems Naoki YOKOYAMA National Institute of National Institute of Development of Core Technologies for Green Advanced Industrial Science Advanced Industrial Science Nanoelectronics and Technology (AIST) and Technology (AIST)

11 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives (2) Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program)

Purpose The Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program) is implemented under the Leading-edge Research Promotion Fund established within JSPS using the Japanese government’s FY2009 supplemental budget. Aimed at advancing cutting-edge R&D of high policy and societal significance, the program provides a system of research support for young researchers with expected potential to become world leaders in their respective fields of science and technology. In carrying out that mandate, this program works to spur mid- to long-term S&T advancement, while contributing to the sustained growth of Japan as a nation and to the solution of policy-relevant and societal issues. Based on an operational policy set by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) and guidelines prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, JSPS has through FY2010 recruited and screened applications while continuing to disburse grants and manage the progress of R&D carried out by researchers.

Features Contents (1) Support for Young, Female, and Local Researchers Grants issued: 329 Grants are awarded to young and female researchers (25% of all grants) who are capable of being self-responsible Project period: Within 4 years (10 February 2011 [date of and independent in advancing their research, and to local preliminary grant disbursement notice] through 31 March researchers (up to one grant per municipality). 2014) (2) Advancing Green Innovation and Life Innovation To secure Japan’s sustained growth by optimizing her Project funding: ¥50 million × number of fiscal years, up strengths and capabilities, this program supports a wide to a total of ¥200 million (including 30% to cover indirect range of projects that advance green and life innovation. costs) Grants are awarded for both basic research that creates new genres of science and technology and challenging Number of Selections R&D that promises near-future application, including projects with humanities and social science components. Green Innovation Life Innovation Total (3) Allowing Flexible Use of Grants As grants are issued from the Fund, they can be carried Male 110 <1,893> 137 <2,167> 247 <4,060> over into the next fiscal year, allowing flexible, multi- 82 <1,558> Female 31 <505> 51 <1,053> year use over the duration of a project. (25%) (28%)

Total 141 <2,398> 188 <3,220> 329 <5,618> * Preliminary awards, < > Number of applications

Budget Website Total: ¥50 billion (¥22.7 billion disbursed in FY 2010/2011) http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-jisedai/index.html

12 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

(3) Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program

Purpose The Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program is implemented under the Strategic Fund for Strengthening Leading- edge Research and Development, appropriated within the Japanese government’s FY2010 budget. With emphasis on of Researchers Fostering Next Generation “green innovation” and “life innovation,” the program supports the equipping and operation of state-of-the-art infrastructures needed to advance a wide spectrum of research from basic research to application-oriented R&D. Ultimately, the program aims to strengthen Japan’s capacity to conduct and advance leading-edge research and development. JSPS dis- burses grants to the selected projects. International Collaborations together in an environment of friendly rivalry. Projects Content should be designed in such a way as to allow facility use Toward promoting the international mobility and circulation of by outside researchers. talented people, this program supports the building, equipping (4) Provision is to be made within the screening protocol for and operating of research facilities that can be expected to cre- research themes that amplify regional characteristics. ate leading-edge results within highly capable research hubs, which it does with an eye to strengthening and accelerating the Project Duration: 1-3 years (FY 2010 through FY 2012) establishment of research infrastructures capable of attracting Support for University Reform young researchers to these hubs from both in and outside Japan. Grant Expenditures Funding is provided for establishing and operating research Project Selection facilities. This operational funding may also be used to sup- Projects that meet the following criteria are eligible to report research by young and female researchers using facili- ceive grants. ties established or equipped under this program. (1) Have an important policy orientation, such as contributing to Japan’s S&T diplomacy or contributing to Japan’s Budget

mid- to long-term growth strategy. Scientific Outreach (2) By advancing research mainly in the areas of green and/ FY2011: ¥17.5 billion or life innovation, the funded research facilities are expected to accelerate the establishment of global-level research hubs or to build international research hubs. Website (3) Facilities should be able to attract young researchers from both in and outside Japan and enable them to work http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-sentankiban/index.html Science Systems Research Center for Funded Projects

Project title Implementing organization Promotion of the State-of-the-art Study of Life and Earth Sciences with Facilities of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) “Subseafloor-Simulation Laboratory” and “Chikyu” Build International Research and Development Infrastructure with Advanced Utilization Japan Atomic Energy Agency of the Leading-edge Research and Test Reactor—Birth of the Nuclear Techno-park with the JMTR Awards of Recognition Foundation for Coherent Photon Science Research The University of Tokyo, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Development of the Highest Pulse Magnetic Field for the Next Generation The University of Tokyo The Dynamics of Living Systems Osaka University, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Establishment of Frontline Research Environment for the Control of Emerging and Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, Osaka University, Nagasaki University Reemerging Infectious Diseases WISH: Web for the Integrated Studies of the Human Mind Kyoto University Development of Infrastructure for Functional Genomic Medicine Kumamoto University Research Environment Maintenance of Neutron Science in J-PARC Japan Atomic Energy Agency Plant Science Infrastructure for Realizing a Low-Carbon Society Nara Institute of Science and Technology, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Tohoku University, University of Tsukuba, The University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Kyoto University, Okayama University, and National Appendix Institutes of Natural Sciences National Institute for Basic Biology Accelerating Advanced Usage of Software for System Integration and Collaboration to University of Tsukuba, The University of Tokyo, and Kyoto University Realize the E-Science Environment Construction of Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope The University of Tokyo Formation of the most Advanced Research Facility in Particle Physics—Establishing High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) International Research Center with Upgraded KEKB

13 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Program for Promoting Methodological Innovation in 3 Humanities and Social Sciences by Cross-Disciplinary Fusing

Purpose A report titled “Promoting Humanities and Social Sciences,” issued by the Council for Science and Technology in January 2009, mandates the promotion of interdisciplinary joint research of a kind that overcomes the minute sub- partitioning of research fields, a problem that impacts Japanese research in the humanities and social sciences, while exponentially advancing research in these domains. Not bound by conventional fields of the humanities and social sciences (HSS), this program seeks to contribute to the development of new HSS disciplines by advancing joint research that fuses diverse fields, synergizing their various wellsprings of knowledge and methodology.

Features To advance HSS projects effectively, two types of research Duration: FY 2009 through FY 2011, with a possible about categories are established under this program. Under the 2-year extension based on evaluation results. first, titled “topic-setting research,” JSPS establishes research domains aligned with this program’s purposes and objectives, Annual amount of grants: ¥10 million per project for the which it does by taking into account the views and advice topic-setting research and ¥5 million per project for the of experts and specialists. Projects under the other “openly openly recruited research. recruited research” category are selected based on proposals made by the implementing researchers.

List of Ongoing Projects (Thirteen in Total)

Topic-setting research Neurocognitive Approaches to Study Social and Political Behavior (Neuropolitics) Japanese Traditional View on Nature and Global Environmental Problem: A Proposal from Humanics for the Future Openly recruited research Behavioral and Neural Underpinnings of “Justice”: Collaborative Research in Decision Science, Jurisprudence and Brain Science Visualization of Public Communication—Structure of Political and Legal Judgments in Complex Societies Reconstructing Macroeconomics Based on the Methods of Theoretical Physics Constructing System of Disaster Mitigation and Sustainable Recovery in Urban Area—A Study of Integrating Social/Human Sciences with Natural Sciences toward New Frontier of Disaster Research Substantiating Humanities and Social Sciences by the Methodology of Digital Humanities and Technology Archaeological Proteomics Research Project on Glue A Study on the Vulnerable People Suffered from Natural Disasters and Post-disaster Crisis as “Double Jeopardy” for Minimizing the Disaster Victims Research on Noh Katatsuke, Rules for the Notation of Dance Movements: Utilizing Insights Provided by Engineering Technology Empirical and Interdisciplinary Research on Social Rehabilitation Support for Persons with Depression A Research Project Proposing Some Disputes Resolving Models for the Modern Types of the Family Disputes on the Co-operative Approach of the Legal and Clinical Psychological Methods A Suggestion of Telecommunication Environment for Sign Language Communities

Budget Website FY2011: ¥60 million http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-ibunya/

14 JSPS 2011-2012

Fostering Next Generation of Researchers Ⅱ Initiatives Support for Research 1 Research Fellowships for Young Scientists

Purpose Awarded to excellent young researchers, these fellowships offer the fellows an opportunity to focus on a freely chosen research topic based on their own innovative ideas. Ultimately, the program works to foster and secure excellent re- of Researchers Fostering Next Generation searchers.

Features (1) Core program for fostering Japanese researchers (2) Target fields This fellowship program is Japan’s core program for cul- Young researchers in all fields of the humanities, social tivating young Japanese researchers, with 6,063 awardees sciences and natural sciences are eligible to apply. When International Collaborations selected in FY 2011. recognized as necessary to advancing their research, they (2) Values the independence of young researchers may spend part of their tenure at another research institu- Excellent young researchers are allowed to focus on a free- tion, including one overseas. ly selected research topic and at an independently chosen (3) Fellowship categories research institution. This program offers four categories of fellowships: (3) Fellows receive research grants Doctoral Course Students (DC)

Along with a monthly stipend, a Grant-in-Aid for Young Postdoctoral (PD) Support for University Reform Scientists is provided. Restart Postdoctoral (RPD) (4) Leave for child birth and infant nursing Superlative Postdoctoral (SPD) Fellows who have to suspend their research for child birth Especially gifted researchers are selected from PD candi- and infant nursing are offered a path back into the labora- dates to receive SPD fellowships. tory. It is possible for them to work short hours while on such leave. Outstanding young researchers may be given a Restart Post- doc (RPD) Fellowship after suspending their research activi- Framework ties for the purpose of childbirth and/or infant nursing. Scientific Outreach (1) Screening A fair and transparent screening process is carried out by JSPS’s Screening Committee for Young Researcher Fel- lowships, comprising frontline Japanese researchers.

Fellowship Categories Science Systems Research Center for

Research grant Categories Eligibility Tenure Monthly stipend (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists)

- Up to age 34 - Enrolled in doctoral course DC1: 3 years DC ¥200,000 - DC1: Enrolled in first year of doctoral course DC2: 2 years - DC2: Enrolled in second year or higher of doctoral course Awards of Recognition

- Have completed a doctoral course - Up to age 34 PD 3 years ¥362,000 Up to ¥1.5 million/year - Within 5 years after receiving doctoral degree - Transfer to another lab within or outside enrolled university

- Hold a doctoral degree - Within the past 5 years, suspended research for a period RPD 3 years ¥362,000 of 3 months or longer for purpose of child birth and infant nursing Appendix

- Excellent researchers chosen from PD candidates SPD 3 years ¥446,000 Up to ¥3 million/year - Transfer to another university graduate school

15 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅱ Fostering Next Generation of Researchers Budget Total Number of Fellowships FY 2011: ¥18 billion

(persons) 7,000 Website 6,063 http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-pd/pddc.htm 5,814 SPD 6,000 SPD 5,648 36 SPD 36 5,428 RPD SPD 36 RPD 130 5,038 36 RPD 120 RPD PD SPD 90 PD 5,000 80 1,385 36 PD 1,052 RPD PD 1,052 60 1,052 PD 4,000 1,052

3,000 DC DC DC 4,606 4,512 DC 4,470 DC 4,260 2,000 3,890

1,000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (FY) Selection Ratios (%)

FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY2011

DC 1 23.4 28.7 29.3 30.1 22.9

DC 2 21.0 28.0 29.0 30.1 22.9

PD・SPD 10.6 8.8 9.6 12.8 18.6 RPD 14.2 18.9 24.6 19.9 20.2

Restart Postdoc (RPD) Fellowship To support the raising of children and create an environment of equal gender participation within Japan’s research community, the Restart Postdoc (RPD) Fellowship was established. It provides an avenue, including financial support, for excellent young researchers to transition smoothly back into the laboratory after suspending their research for childbearing and/or infant nursing.

Target fields: All fields of the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences Number of new awardees per year: About 40 Eligibility -Postdoctoral researchers who have within the past 5 years suspended their research for a period of 3 months Dr. Hiroyuki Ichida (SPD, Meiji University) or longer for the purpose of child birth and infant nursing - No restriction on age or gender. Tenure: 3 years Monthly stipend: ¥362,000

16 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

2 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad

Purpose To foster highly capable researchers with wide international perspectives, this fellowship gives excellent young Japanese researchers an opportunity to carry out long-term research at an overseas university or research institution. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

Features Selection Ratios (%) (1) Long-term overseas research by young researchers FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 Opportunities are provided for excellent young Japanese researchers to collaborate with colleagues at top level 15.3 17.6 17.1 18.7 21.8 International Collaborations overseas research institutions. (2) Leave for child birth and infant nursing Fellows are allowed to take leave for child birth and in- Destinations (FY 2010) fant nursing and then return to their fellowships. Oceania 2.2% Russia & NIS 0.3% Framework

(1) Stipend/research grant and airfare Support for University Reform Fellows are provided roundtrip international airfare to their country of destination, a stipend/research grant. (Yearly amount of stipend/research grant is about ¥3.8~5.2 million, but varies by country of destination.) Europe 30.8% (2) Tenure: 2 years (3) Screening A fair and transparent screening process is carried out by JSPS’s Screening Committee for Young Researcher Fel- North America 66.7%

lowships, comprising frontline Japanese researchers. Scientific Outreach (4) Target fields All fields of the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences (5) Eligibility 1) Postdoctoral researchers employed as full-time researchers in Japanese universities, research institutions or Transition in Number of “Postdoctoral national laboratories Fellowships for Research Abroad”

2) Postdoctoral researchers who aspire to the above full- Science Systems Research Center for time research positions. (persons) 500 Budget FY2011: ¥1.9 billion 400

Website Awards of Recognition http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-pd/ab.htm 300

486 408 200 376 378 384

100 Appendix

0 Dr. Takuo Tanemura (Stanford University ) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (FY)

17 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations 1 International Collaborations

Purpose Through its international programs with 86 science-promotion agencies in 45 countries and two international organizations, JSPS works to maintain and strengthen its partnerships in countries around the world while carrying out frequent exchanges of views and information with people on both the executive and operational levels of these counterpart institutions. It is upon this vibrant matrix of inter-institutional relationships that JSPS carries out a wide-ranging international program across the spectrum of scientific fields from the humanities and social sciences to the natural sciences. The program includes several fellowships for inviting overseas researchers to Japan and manifold bi- and multilateral activities.

*Regarding each program’s details, please see the website “http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html” or the appendix on page 46.

International Conference on Biodiversity, Land Use and Climate Change JSPS president Dr.Yuichiro Anzai and Prof. Rafael Rodrigo, Spanish (Kenya, September 2010) National Research Council (Tokyo, October 2011)

Main components of JSPS’s international program:

● Advancing international joint research via cooperation with science- promotion organizations in other countries ● Supporting the establishment of research and education hubs ● Carrying out exchange with Asian and African countries ● Supporting international exchange for training young researchers ● Inviting overseas researchers to Japan

18 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Exchanges with Overseas Science Promotion Agencies

Heads of Research Councils of the G8 Countries (G8-HORCs) of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Meetings of the G8-HORCs are held once a year to bring together top leaders of principal science-promotion agencies in the G8-member countries (i.e., Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, and the US) for the purpose of holding free discussions on topics of common interest. Based on views exchanged in these discussions, JSPS launched its joint research program called “G8 Research Councils Initiative” (page 21), and International Collaborations other cooperative initiatives. The 30th meeting of G8-HORCs (UK, July 2011)

Heads of Research Councils in Asia (A-HORCs) To promote high-level research activities in Asia with Japan, China and Korea at their core, the heads of leading science-promotion agencies in the three countries meet Support for University Reform annually to discuss face-to-face S&T policy trends and the state of international collaboration in their respective countries. Initially proposed by JSPS, these meetings have been held each year from 2003. Discussions in them have yielded various tangible outcomes including the establishment of the “A3 Foresight Program” and “Northeastern Asian Symposiums,” jointly implemented by JSPS and its partner agencies in China and Korea. The 8th meeting of A-HORCs (China, September 2010) Scientific Outreach

Asian Heads of Research Councils (ASIAHORCs) To advance science aimed at solving problems shared commonly among Asian countries while fostering the region’s young researchers, this annual meeting is held by the heads of science-promotion agencies from ten Asian countries: Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Science Systems Research Center for Vietnam. They engage in a broad exchange of views and information including science policy, research funding and international collaboration in their respective countries. Since 2009, the members have been implementing annual The 4th meeting of ASIAHORCs (Malaysia, November 2010) symposiums as a joint ASIAHORCs initiative. Awards of Recognition Appendix

19 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations Advancing International Joint Research via Cooperation 2 with Science-Promotion Organizations in Other Countries

Purpose By jointly supporting, together with overseas science-promotion organizations, research projects, seminars and other activities between Japanese researchers and their overseas colleagues, JSPS works to develop and strengthen research collaboration based on equal partnerships with other countries. As a rule, these collaborative programs are carried out based on agreements between JSPS and its overseas counterpart organizations, which provide matching funds in supporting the participating researchers from their respective countries. Through these programs, diverse demands, from both in and outside Japan, for international research are accommodated, including bilateral exchanges between research teams that accrue to creating long-standing networks, consortiums of researchers from three or more countries that carry out multilateral research aimed at solving global issues, and world-leading joint research through collaboration among researchers in Japan, China and Korea. Advancing such international joint research, pursued through cooperation with JSPS’s overseas counterpart organizations, is indispensable to internationalizing the research environment of Japanese universities. Another important component of JSPS’s effort in this direction is providing support for holding international scientific meetings in Japan.

Features (1) Implementing strategic and responsive programs or memorandums between them, allowing research Taking into consideration both the needs of Japan and collaborations in which researchers from each country its counterpart countries, programs of various scales and participate on an equal footing. configurations are carried out. (3) Securing and fostering young researchers (2) Establishing equal partnerships Opportunities are provided for talented young researchers to An equivalent amount of support is provided for projects by build working networks, while encouragement is given them JSPS and its counterpart organizations based on agreements to participate actively in research collaborations.

Programs

(1) Bilateral Collaborations JSPS supports international scientific exchanges between Joint seminars: ¥1-2.5 million per seminar of up to one Japan and counterpart countries in accordance with agreements week in duration or memoranda of understanding concluded with academies, research councils and other science-promotion organizations in Researcher Exchanges (Sending and Receiving) those countries. Programs with such partner agencies mainly take Support is given for visits by researchers to each other’s the form of joint research, seminars and researcher exchanges. countries and attendant activities/exchanges with an eye to building an infrastructure for the sustainable development of Joint Research Projects and Seminars networking and joint research among researchers from Japan Supported is the forming of sustainable networks between and other countries. teams of researchers from Japan and other countries— Visit funding and period: International airfare and networking that facilitates collaboration among individual maintenance allowance from 14 days to 2 years researchers. * Support may differ by country and counterpart agency. Funding amount and period: * Japanese researchers wishing to go abroad apply to JSPS, Joint research projects: ¥1-5 million per year for 1-3 years while overseas researchers wishing to come to Japan apply to JSPS counterpart agencies in their countries.

Bilateral Cooperation Based on MoUs/Agreements Asian Science Seminars This program works to raise the education/research level of young

MoUs/Agreements researchers in Asian countries and to build networks among Counterpart them. Through cooperation between JSPS and the National JSPS Agency Joint Staff Meetings and/or routine Research Foundation of Korea, and Department of Science and communications Technology (India) and with universities and other scientific Proposal Support Proposal Support Joint Research Projects Joint Seminars research institutions in these countries, seminars are implemented Japanese Overseas Researchers Researchers that lodge young researchers together in a school-like forum that Researcher Exchanges engages them in lessons and discussions on leading-edge trends in science and technology.

20 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

(2) JSPS-NSF International Collaborations in Chemistry (ICC Program)

This is an international joint research program carried out in Project funding Up to ¥15 million/year collaboration with the National Science Foundation (NSF). Research grant, international travel, main- It seeks to break new ground in yet-uncultivated domains Support tenance allowance, etc. of chemistry by achieving new levels and dimensions of of Researchers Fostering Next Generation research synergy. Project period 3 years

(3) Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE Program) This is an international joint research program carried out in collaboration with the National Science Foundation (NSF) to Project funding Up to ¥5 million /year Research grant, international travel, implement joint research projects on issues difficult to solve Support by one country alone related to sustainability in all fields maintenance allowance, etc. International Collaborations of the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. In Project period 5 years carrying out the joint projects, a synergistic effect is sought by such means as sharing resources and research facilities.

(4) G8 Research Councils Initiative This program is implemented through cooperation among research, (3)opening up the research experience for young

science-promotion agencies in seven of G8-member researchers, and (4)increasing multilateral collaborations. Support for University Reform countries; namely, JSPS in Japan, NSERC in Canada, ANR in France, DFG in Germany, RFBR in Russia, RCUK in 1st Round (FY 2010): “Interdisciplinary the UK, and NSF in the US. This initiative aims to support Program on Application Software towards excellent research on topics of global relevance which can Exascale Computing for Global Scale best be tackled by a multinational approach. Over the 5-year Theme Issues” duration of the program, proposals are openly solicited and 2nd Round (FY 2011): “Interdisciplinary projects implemented under what will be three selected Program on Material Efficiency—A First themes. Step toward Sustainable Manufacturing”

The program funds consortiums of researchers from at least Project funding Up to ¥15 million/year Scientific Outreach three of the participating countries, who carry out cross- Research grant, international travel, Support disciplinary research on prevailing global issues. Project maintenance allowance, etc. funding is aimed at four main objectives: (1)advancing knowledge and creating innovation, (2)supporting top-class Project period 2-3 years

(5) A3 Foresight Program

JSPS, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) information on the latest advances in the subject field, while Science Systems Research Center for and the National Natural Science Foundation of China building networks over which to carry out new international (NSFC) work as a consortium in supporting trilateral research initiatives. research projects that advance research on both a global level and on common regional issues while working to foster FY2012: Plasma Physics talented young researchers. Ultimately, the program aims FY2011: ICT: Next-generation Network to build world-standard research and education hubs with Systems and Security Japan, China and Korea at their core in the Asian region. Themes FY2010: Renewable Energy Awards of Recognition The research theme for each fiscal year is decided via FY2009: Cancer Epigenetics consultation among the three agencies in the previous year’s FY2008: Advanced Materials A-HORCs meeting. (See page 19) FY2007: Climate Change In the following year, a Northeastern Asian Symposium is Project funding ¥30 million/3 years held on the same theme. Assembling researchers from the three countries, it provides a platform for them to share Project period 3 years (Up to 5 years)

(6) International Scientific Meetings in Japan

To defray the cost of holding international scientific meetings scientific advancement, but to receive JSPS funding they Appendix in Japan, JSPS makes grants to cover the meeting overhead must also satisfy the following requirements: (1) At least and the travel expenses of invited overseas researchers in an 25% of the participants must be overseas researchers, (2) amount of up to ¥2.0 million per meeting. Approximately sufficient provision must be made for the participation of 20 meetings are supported per year. These meetings not young researchers, and (3) an administrative system must be only need to have scientific value and be contributive to in place for convening the meeting.

21 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations 3 Supporting the Establishment of Research and Education Hubs

Purpose With an aim of making Japanese universities and research institutes into world-leading research and education hubs in cutting-edge fields, these programs work to build and strengthen multilateral networks for exchange with top-level scientific research institutions in other countries, while serving as incubators for cultivating talented young researchers.

Features (1) Conducting top world-level scientific collaboration (2) Securing and fostering young researchers Support is provided to Japanese universities and research While providing talented young researchers opportunities to institutes for creating world-standard research-collaboration hubs, build international networks with peers, they are encouraged through which they engage in large-scale research collaborations to participate substantively in research projects. with core research and education institutions in other countries. Content (1) Core-to-Core Program Aimed at issues considered in Japan to be cutting-edge Asia-Africa Science Platforms and internationally important and at regional issues to With an aim of contributing to the solution of problems prevail- whose solution Japan can contribute, this program supports ing in the Asia and African regions, Japanese universities and collaborative research between core research and education research institutes take the lead in carrying out research collab- institutes in Japan and other countries around the world, carried orations with research and education institutions in counterpart out in such formats as joint research projects, seminars, and countries. By establishing sustainable collaborative relation- researcher exchanges. The program merges the former Core-to- ships with the counterpart institutions, medium-scale research- Core Program, Asian CORE Program, and Asia-Africa Science collaboration hubs are created in various targeted fields within Platform Program into a newly formatted initiative. Asia and Africa, which also foster the young researchers who The newly revised Core-to-Core Program is implemented in will mainstay future S&T advances in their regions. two components: (1) Advanced Research Networks and (2) In building scientific infrastructures in Asia and Africa, coun- Asia-Africa Science Platforms. terpart institutions in the regions are not necessarily required to secure matching funds when carrying out collaborative Advanced Research Networks research with Japanese universities. Collaborative ties are established between top world-class research centers in Japan that partner over the long term with Research topics of special importance or significance to Asian and/or African core research institutions around the world in advancing Target research research that is considered leading-edge in Japan, while and considered to be of high priority fostering the next generations of trailblazing young researchers. within Japan Projects under this program must be carried out with at least two Asian and/or African countries having Target countries other countries and require counterpart research organizations to diplomatic relations with Japan secure matching funds equivalent to JSPS’s grant. Project funding ¥8 million/year Research topics considered to be cutting Target research Project period Up to 3 years edge and internationally important in Japan Two or more countries having diplomatic Target countries relations with Japan Project funding ¥20 million/year Project period Up to 5 years

Japan Other Countries JSPS Core Institution Partner Cooperating Cooperating Agency Institution Institution Core Institution -Carry out joint research -Build research collaboration Support Cooperating hubs Cooperating Core Institution Institution Institution -Foster young researchers Partner Cooperating Cooperating Agency Institution Institution

22 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

(2) JSPS Core-to-Core Program (old) Support is provided for building multinational networks in leading-edge fields that will become research hubs Japanese core institutions between core research institutions in Japan and those in the world’s scientifically advanced nations. Of particular Apply to JSPS of Researchers Fostering Next Generation emphasis is making Japanese research institution into world- leading research hubs in cutting-edge research fields—ones Integrated Action Initiatives that proactively advance large-scale research projects in Project Duration: 2 years collaboration with top-level research organizations in the US, Europe, and other Western countries. Next-Stage Selection

Target Countries Strategic Research Networks International Collaborations Project Duration: 3 years (1) Two or more countries chosen from the following 15 countries: the US, Canada, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. (2) One additional country from other than the above- listed countries. Support for University Reform The program is implemented in two phases. Projects conducted under the first phase can be elevated to the second. Integrated Action Initiatives Projects: The object of these projects is to establish networks between research institutions in Japan and counterpart institutions in North America, Europe and Oceania. International Summer School held under JSPS Core-to-Core Program Strategic Research Networks Projects: Once effective, sustainable (Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo) networks have been established, these projects function to advance them further into international research hubs. Scientific Outreach

* In FY2012, the former “JSPS Core-to-Core Program” will be merged into the newly revised Core-to-Core Program, which will take a fresh look at the counterpart countries.

(3) Japanese-German Graduate Externship Based on an agreement between JSPS and the German

Research Foundation (DFG), support is given for Science Systems Research Center for implementing reciprocal programs established between Japanese and German universities for the purpose of exchanging and cross-mentoring doctoral students and young researchers, including postdocs and junior faculty members, providing them guidance in their research and dissertation writing. Awards of Recognition

Japanese-German Graduate Externship at Nagoya University (Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University) Appendix

23 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations 4 Carrying Out Exchange with Asian and African Countries

Purpose Japan is working to take the lead in building an Asian science and technology community of equal standing with those of North America and Europe. To this end, JSPS carries out a range of programs tailored to the differing economic conditions, S&T levels and other country-specific factors in the Asian region. Programs are also implemented to contribute to socioeconomic autonomy and development in African nations by supporting their efforts to build research hubs and advance scientific research of vital importance to the region.

Features (1) Carrying out a diversified program menu (2) Implementing programs in the African region To promote scientific collaboration in Asia and Africa, In the past, Japan has had relatively few scientific exchanges with JSPS is carrying out a wide range of programs that include Africa. JSPS’s initiatives give the lead to universities and other implementing large-scale collaborations aimed at making Japanese research institutions in implementing programs that top world-level research advances, supporting joint research advance scientific research in such a way as to solve prevailing projects between small groups of researchers based on issues in African countries while fostering young researchers agreements with counterpart agencies, developing research on the continent. JSPS’s programs also serve to build working hubs in countries of Asia and Africa, and fostering young networks between Japan and the African region. researchers who will shoulder the future of S&T advancement in the two regions. The scale, configuration and other * Regarding bilateral collaborations and support for establishing components of these programs are carefully designed to research and education hubs in Asian and African countries, please optimize the effectiveness of their respective implementations. see pages 20 and 22. Programs (1) RONPAKU (Dissertation PhD) Program This program supports excellent researchers from Asian and RONPAKU Graduates African countries who wish to receive a PhD from a Japanese FY1978-2009 university by submitting a dissertation without matriculating a doctoral course. The program is appraised for allowing the Country Number fellows to earn a doctoral degree without having to be absent for Thailand 191 Indonesia 128 long periods of time from their home research institutions. Philippines 72 Korea, Rep. 62 When this program started, its support was limited to researchers in China 48 countries of the Asian region that had JSPS-counterpart institutions. India 27 Subsequently, it was expanded to include Asian countries without Malaysia 22 such institutions and is now also open to researchers in African Vietnam 18 countries as well. In Thailand and the Philippines, which have Bangladesh 10 generated a large number of PhDs through the RONPAKU Singapore 3 Receiving a RONPAKU graduation Program, medal-awarding ceremonies are held for graduates and Mongolia 1 certificate, Dr.Neni T. RAHMAWATI with her advisor Prof. Kumi Ashiza- former RONPAKU fellows carry out vibrant alumni activities. Total 582 wa at Otsuma women’s University (2) Asian CORE Program Based on a principle of equal partnership among the participating countries, this program works to build Asian research hubs that conduct world-class research while Gathering tropical plant samples fostering upcoming generations of talented young scientists. in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (International Center for Projects are supported with matching funds from science- Biotechnology, Osaka University) promotion agencies in the counterpart countries.

(3) Asia-Africa Science Platform Program With an eye to solving regionally specific issues in Asia and Africa, support is provided for joint research, seminars and other activities carried out on a sustainable basis between Japanese research institutions and counterpart institutions in those regions. Compared to the Asian Core Program, this program supports the building of smaller scale, start-up research hubs. Training in gene analysis at * In FY 2012, both this AA Science Platform Program and the Asian University of Ghana (Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto Core Program will be merged into the newly revised Core-to-Core University) Program, which will take a fresh look at the counterpart countries. 24 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

(4) HOPE Meetings HOPE Meetings are held to foster the next generation of “Chemistry for Creating the Future.” It is scheduled to be researchers upon whose shoulders the future of S&T advances held in the Tokyo vicinity in March 2012, with an anticipated in Asia-Pacific will rest, while working to build colleagial attendance of over 10 doctoral students from 17 countries/areas networks among them. These periodically held meetings of the Asia-Pacific region. provide an opportunity for excellent graduate students chosen of Researchers Fostering Next Generation from within the region to interact closely with Nobel laureates In conjunction with each HOPE Meeting, two side events are and other of the world’s most leading scientists throughout a held: a HOPE Meeting Jr. to kindle the interest of elementary 5-day program that includes lectures, group discussions, poster and secondary school students in science through an opportunity sessions, and research facility visits. to interact with Nobel laureates, and a similar HOPE Dialogue held specifically for high school students. The fourth HOPE Meeting, chaired by Dr. Makoto Kobayashi (2008 Nobel laureate in physics) will be convened on theme International Collaborations Date Field Nobel laureates (*Chairperson) Participants Nobel Laureates in Physics: Dr. Leo ESAKI, Dr. David J. GROSS, *Dr. Makoto Third 99 students (13 KOBAYASHI, Dr. Toshihide MASUKAWA (Tokyo, Mar. Physics countries and Nobel Laureates in Chemistry: regions) 2011) Dr. Richard R. ERNST, Dr. Ryoji NOYORI, Dr. Hideki SHIRAKAWA, Mr. Koichi TANAKA, Dr. Ada E. YONATH Nobel Laureates in Physics:

Fourth *Dr. Makoto KOBAYASHI, More than 110 Support for University Reform Nobel Laureates in Chemistry: (Tokyo students Chemistry Dr. John Ernest WALKER, Dr. Ryoji NOYORI, Dr. Roderick vicinity, Mar. (17 countries MACKINNON, Dr. Aaron CIECHANOVER, Dr. Akira 2012) SUZUKI, Dr. Eiichi NEGISHI, and regions) others to be determined. The 3rd HOPE Meeting (Tokyo, March 2011)

(5) System for Supporting JICA Dispatch of S&T Researchers To solve through the application of S&T research problems prevailing in developing countries while strengthening their Fields All fields of science and technology research capacities, JSPS works to smoothly implement a Scientific Outreach Target JICA S&T researcher dispatch program under the Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology, countries/ ODA-recipient countries/regions through which Japanese researchers are sent abroad upon regions requests from developing countries within an official As a rule, up to 2 years Project development aid (ODA) framework. JSPS surveys and Projects based on requests by developing period analyzes the joint research capabilities and needs of both countries for dispatch of JICA experts. Japan and the developing countries and matches to them researchers to be dispatched. To select candidates for these researcher dispatches, JSPS convenes a committee of Science Systems Research Center for experts.

Note: This program is implemented by the Japan International Coop- eration Agency (JICA). Researchers are dispatched as JICA Instructing graduate student in cell experts. The program is not applied to China as it collaborates culturing at Kenya Medical Research Institute (Dr. Shingo Inoue, Kenya, April with Japan in equal partnership initiatives. 2010) Awards of Recognition Implementation System Japanese researchers Developing countries Japanese Government: MoFA, MEXT Apply for ODA -Review and select applications for S&T joint research (S&T joint Responsible ministry for ODA research) Cooperation Request for S&T joint research Call for JSPS JICA applications - Call for applications and select - Dispatch researchers as JICA experts Researchers and candidates institutions in - Hold working group comprising external developing countries

authorities Appendix Apply - Maintain database of S&T researchers in Japan and developing countries (Founded by ‘Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology’ )

Arrange dispatches Start S&T joint (with researchers and their institutions) research Dispatch researchers as JICA experts

25 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations 5 Supporting International Exchange for Training Young Researchers

Purpose JSPS carries out a variety of programs to foster young researchers who will go on to play leading roles in the international scientific and academic communities. They provide opportunities for young Japanese researchers to meet with overseas peers and engage in intensive discussions, to build networks through participation in joint research projects, and to study and gain research experience in overseas institutions.

Features

(1) Diversified System of Support (2) Wide, Multilevel Support Via support for individual young researchers by way of short- In line with the program’s policy, support is given to a wide term, intensive seminars and for systematic education/research spectrum of young researchers including graduate students, programs implemented by university graduate schools, a variety postdocs and assistant professors. of objective-focused training opportunities are provided. Programs (1) Supporting Undergraduate and Graduate Education

Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for All fields of the humanities, social sciences and Fields Accelerating Brain Circulation natural sciences This program works to foster excellent young Japanese (1) Researchers and (2) doctoral students researchers who will become the nucleus of scientific networks affiliated with an eligible Japanese university Eligibility that transcend conventional brain gain and drain in circulating or research institute (up to 45 years of age in talent internationally. It does this by supporting activities carried principle) out by Japanese universities to dispatched, as part of a strategy to Tenure 1-3 years internationalize their research organizations, young researchers Financial Up to ¥30 million/year/project engaged in world-level international joint research, expanding Supports their opportunities to challenge diverse issues. Selected universities cover the young researchers’ travel expenses over their long-term dispatches and provide them with funding needed to carry out their research while abroad.

International Research Experience for Students and Institutional Program Excellent Young Young Researchers Destination for Young Researcher Researcher Overseas Total Using an allocation from the Japanese government’s FY2009 Overseas Visits Visit Program supplement budget, a “Researcher Overseas Visit Fund” has Asia 651 14 665 been established in the amount of ¥7.56 billion to implement Oceania 72 3 75 this program, which works to intensively send abroad young researchers who promise to become the trailblazers for Africa 27 1 28 advancing Japan’s socioeconomic development in future Europe 1,071 50 1,121 years. The program will run through 31 March 2014. Russia & NIS 14 2 16 North America 906 50 956 Central/South 61 0 61 International Training Program (ITP) for Young Researchers America Launched in 2007, the International Training Program is Total 2,802 120 2,922 provided for young scientists at the first step of their research careers. Aimed at master’s and doctoral students, postdocs and research associates, it provides opportunities for them Destination 2007 2008 2009 2010 total to gain work experience in overseas research institutions. Asia 18 43 68 66 195 Ultimately, the program seeks to foster talented researchers with keen international perspectives who will go on to play Oceania 0 1 3 2 6 active roles in advancing science in Japan. Africa 5 15 14 14 48 Europe 16 70 111 131 328 To this end, the program supports initiatives taken by North America 11 39 64 73 187 Japanese universities to create linkages with overseas universities, research institutes, corporations and other Total 50 168 260 286 764 organizations to partner with in sending young researchers * Application recruitment has ended under the “International abroad for fixed-period internships. Research Experience for Students and Young Researchers” and “ITP Program”.

26 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

(2) Holding and Supporting Symposiums Frontiers of Science (FoS) Symposiums to spur free thinking and new ideas unencumbered by In these symposia, young researchers from Japan and the precepts of existing academic disciplines, thus contributing counterpart country lodge together so as to concentrate their to the pioneering of new interdisciplinary domains. time and effort on advancing cross-disciplinary discussions on of Researchers Fostering Next Generation leading-edge scientific topics across a spectrum of research domains. Cosponsored by partner agencies, these symposia are carried out via collaborative frameworks with the US, Germany and France.

While working to broaden the scientific perspectives of the participating young researchers, FoS symposia also attempt International Collaborations

Symposium Partner Agency The 12th Japanese-American Frontiers of Science (JAFoS)Symposium Japanese-American (Kisarazu, December 2010) National Academy of Frontiers of Science Sciences (NAS) Symposium (JAFoS) Japanese-German Frontiers Alexander von Humboldt of Science Symposium Foundation (AvH) (JGFoS) Support for University Reform Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (MAEE) Japanese-French Frontiers Ministry of Higher of Science Symposium Education and Research (JFFoS) (MESR) National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) The 5th Japanese-French Frontiers of Science (JFFoS) Symposium (Tokyo, January 2011) ■ FY2011 Symposium Topics

Japanese-German Frontiers of Science (JGFoS) Japanese-French Frontiers of Science (JFFoS) Scientific Outreach Symposium Symposium Optogenetics: Manifold Applications Epigenetics Chemical Solutions for Carbon Resource Issues Ultracold Molecules Interaction between Ocean and Atmosphere Venus’ Atmosphere Fluid-Structure-Interaction in Math and Engineering New Concept in Photovoltaic Energy (storage technique) Beyond the Standard Model - Search for a New Physics Synthetic Biology Towards a Unified Theory of Action for the Social Sciences Gravitational Waves

Social and Cultural Meaning of Networks Science Systems Research Center for Statistics for Large-Dimensional Data ESF-JSPS Frontier Science Conference Series for Young Researchers While imbuing the young Japanese and European researchers with future vista and horizons in their subject research fields, this program also functions to build enduring networks among the

participants. Cosponsored by JSPS and the European Science Awards of Recognition Foundation (ESF), these seminar-style conferences bring together about 50 young researchers from Japan and Europe and give them the opportunity to receive lectures from and hold discussions with leading international experts. The participants ESF-JSPS Frontier Science Conference for Young Researchers “Cutting Edge lodge together for a period of about one week. The conference Immunology and its Clinical Application” (Netherlands, March 2011) venue alternates between Japan and European countries.

Travel Grant for Attending Lindau Meetings Every year, the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Appendix invites about 20 Nobel laureates to Lindau in the south of Germany to give lectures to and hold discussions with young researchers assembled from countries around the world. JSPS nominates candidates from Japan to the Council and pays their travel-related expenses to participate in these Lindau Meetings. The 61st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (Germany, June 2011) 27 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations 6 Inviting Overseas Researchers to Japan

Purpose Under these programs, excellent researchers are invited from around the world to conduct joint research with Japanese colleagues, give lectures, and engage in exchanges of views and information. While offering the overseas fellows opportunities to advance their research, these fellowship programs also put Japanese researchers in touch with novel concepts and methodologies that can aid in accelerating their work as well. In this light, the fellowship programs provide impetus for advancing scientific research and internationalization throughout Japan.

Features - Fellows are selected based on the scientific value of their - Multiple application opportunities are provided over the research plans, irrespective of their fields or nationalities. course of each year. - Invitational programs are designed to coincide with researchers’ - Support for living in Japan is provided to long-term various career stages and purposes for coming to Japan. fellows.

Career Stages of Researchers

(Enrollment in doctoral course) 6 years after obtaining Mid-career Professor Nobel laureate Acquisition of doctoral degree doctoral degree

JSPS Invitation Fellowship JSPS Invitation Fellowship for JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers JSPS Award for for Research in Japan (Long-term) Research in Japan (Short-term) Postdocs Eminent Scientists Mid-career to professor level Professor, associate professor 1-2 years Nobel Prize level 2-10 months 14-60 days

JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship JSPS Summer Program (Short-term) for North American Pre/Postdocs and European Researchers 2 months Pre/Postdocs 1-12 months

Programs

(1) JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Foreign Researchers Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers This program allows researchers affiliated with Japanese universities or research institutes to invite promising young researchers from overseas to Japan to participate in collaborative research activities at their institutions for 1-2 years. In FY 2010, 1,077 researchers from 82 countries came to Japan under this program.

JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship (Short-term) for North American and European Researchers Dr. Abdelhak Talbi, postdoc fellow at Earthquake Young pre- and postdoctoral researchers come to Japan for Research Institute, The relatively short tenures (for 1-12 months) to conduct joint research University of Tokyo at a Japanese institution. Researchers from the following countries are eligible: the US, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, the UK, Italy, Finland, the other European Union countries, Switzerland, Norway and Russia. In FY 2010, a total of 161 researchers participated in this program (16 from the US, 29 from France, 32 from Germany, 29 from the UK, and 55 from other countries).

JSPS Summer Program Young pre- and postdoctoral researchers from the US, the UK, France, Germany and Canada are invited to Japan for two months during the summer to participate in joint research at Japanese host institutions. The program begins with a one- week orientation conducted by the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), in which the participants study practical Japanese and experience Japanese culture before moving on to their respective host institutions. Prior to returning home, they reassemble to report on the results of their Japanese cultural ex- summer research activities. In FY 2010, 114 young researchers perience in Summer participated in this program (64 from the US, 10 from the UK, Program 13 from France, 13 from Germany, and 14 from Canada). 28 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Distribution by Region of FY2010 Distribution by Research Field of FY2010 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Postdoctoral Fellowships for Foreign Researchers Foreign Researchers

Central/South America Medical, dental and Humanities North America of Researchers Fostering Next Generation 94 fellows 160 fellows 14 fellows pharmaceutical sciences 7% 11% 1% 155 fellows 11% Social sciences Russia & NIS 118 fellows Agricultural 22 fellows Asia 8% 2% 643 fellows sciences 45% 171 fellows Mathematical, 12% physical sciences 182 fellows 13% International Collaborations

Biological sciences 123 fellows Europe 9% 475 fellows Chemistry 34% 183 fellows 13% Oceania Engineering sciences Africa 45 fellows 387 fellows 54 fellows 3% 27%

4% Support for University Reform

(2) JSPS Invitation Fellowships for Research in Japan Short-term fellowships Long-term fellowships These fellowships are awarded to professor-level researchers These fellowships support relatively longer stays by mid- who come to Japan for relatively short periods to give career to professor-level researchers for the purpose of lectures and/or engage in exchanges of views with Japanese conducting joint research with Japanese colleagues. Scientific Outreach colleagues.

JSPS Award for Eminent Scientists Exchange Program for East Asian Young Researchers— Researchers with highly distinguished records of pioneering Invitation from EAS-Member Countries achievement are invited to make multiple trips to Japan Implemented from FY 2008, this program supports systematic during a given period of tenure. They use these visits to offer initiatives taken by universities and other Japanese research guidance and advice on a full spectrum of research activities institutions to invite graduate students (both master’s and at Japanese institutions. To date, 47 eminent researchers, doctoral students) and young postdoctoral researchers from Science Systems Research Center for including 29 Nobel laureates, have been invited to Japan mainly Southeast Asian countries to engage in research on their under this program. campuses.

As a component of the Ministry of Foreign Affair’s JENESYS Program (Japan-East Asia Network of Exchange for Students and Youths), this program is aimed at strengthening

cooperation within an Asia-centered S&T community through Awards of Recognition the exchange of young researchers who will go on to shoulder the next generation of scientific advances.

Under this program, young researchers from ASEAN-member countries, Australia, New Zealand and India can be invited. Prof. Anthony James Leggett, University of Illinois giving a lecture at The Uni- versity of Tokyo (Graduate School of Science) Appendix

29 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅲ International Collaborations (3) JSPS Fellows Plaza A variety of services are provided to support the stays of JSPS fellows during their research tenures in Japan. These include the following: - Holding an orientation for newly arriving fellows - Publication and free-distribution of the book Life in Japan for Foreign Researchers and the JSPS newsletter “JSPS Quarterly” Japanese language training - Providing fellows with an allowance to study and learn at orientation basic Japanese needed for everyday life in Japan for nearly arriving fellows in - Dissemination of information over the portal site “JSPS Japan Fellows Plaza.”

(4) Building Networks Forming a Researcher Community Alumni Associations by Country and Year of To form and maintain a network between itself and former Establishment JSPS fellows and among the fellows themselves, JSPS Germany India Finland supports the creation of an alumni community through (1995) (2006) (2009) such means as issuing a newsletter and conducting follow- up activities. At present, alumni associations of former France Egypt Thailand (2003) (2008) (2010) JSPS fellows have been established in twelve countries and regions. These associations hold seminars, symposiums and UK Kenya China (2004) (2008) (2010) other events to promote exchange between their members and Japanese colleagues and to stimulate interest in young USA Korea, Rep researchers for doing research in Japan under JSPS’s fellowship (2004) (2008) and other programs. Sweden Bangladesh (2005) (2009)

BRIDGE Fellowship Program Japan-Affiliated Research Community Network (JARC-Net) Directed to the members of JSPS’s alumni community, this JSPS has created and placed into operation a database program provides opportunities for former JSPS fellows to revisit that compiles and provides access to information on Japan for the purpose of creating, sustaining or strengthening researchers and specialists who have come from overseas collaborative relations with Japanese colleagues. While in and experienced study or research in Japan and on Japanese Japan, the BRIDGE fellows conduct joint research or seminars, researchers who are interested in conducting collaborations carry out training activities for young researchers, give lectures, with foreign colleagues. This Japan-Affiliated Research or build networks with Japanese and overseas researchers by Community Network (JARC-Net) strengthens and expands participating in conferences and other meetings held in Japan. the interpersonal networks already cultivated over long years of research exchange between Japan and other countries/ areas. Registered JARC-Net members may freely use in their research activities information given open access within the system’s database.

30 JSPS 2011-2012

Support for University Reform Ⅳ Enhancing the Quality of University Research and Education Initiatives Support for Research

1 Global COE Program

Purpose of Researchers Fostering Next Generation The “Global COE Program” was established to improve upon and succeed the “21st Century COE Program,” initiated by MEXT in FY 2002. While maintaining the basic concept of the former program, the Global COE Program works to further enhance and strengthen the education and research functions of graduate schools in Japan. Priority support is given to universities that are endeavoring to establish internationally excellent education/research centers that provide a world-class research infrastructure upon which to foster creative young people who can go on to become world leaders in their fields. Ultimately, the program works to strengthen the international competitiveness of Japanese universities.

A Global COE Program Committee is established within JSPS, which screens grant applications and evaluates projects International Collaborations implemented under this program. JSPS carries out the selection of grantees and the evaluation of projects.

Features Project period: As a rule, 5 years As part of an effort to advance structural reform in Japanese Interim Evaluation Support for University Reform universities, the 21st Century COE Program was launched in An interim evaluation is carried out via a process of document FY 2002 to give priority support for establishing global-standard and panel reviews at the 2-year point of projects to ascertain research and education centers. While maintaining that earlier the degree of their progress toward achieving goals of program’s basic concept, the Global COE Program takes a step international excellence and to give them advice on improving forward in enhancing and strengthening its operation as it seeks to their operational effectiveness. The evaluation results are used build internationally excellent research and education centers. It to determine subsequent project funding. does this in the followings ways: (1) By prioritizing and increasing funding for COEs (2) By augmenting funding for doctoral students and other Budget young researchers (3) By strengthening the program’s screening and evaluation FY 2011: ¥23.7 billion Scientific Outreach systems so as to appraise and improve of the international competitiveness of COEs (4) By adding a systematic effort to liaise COEs with other Website universities and research institutes in and outside Japan. http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-globalcoe/ Framework Awards of Recognition Number of Selections A total of 140 projects have been selected, 9-14 in each of the below listed fields. Feilds Selections Life sciences 13 Chemistry, material sciences 13 Information sciences, electrical and electronic 13 Science Systems Research Center for FY 2007 sciences Humanities 12 Interdisciplinary, combined fields, new 12 disciplines Medical sciences 14 Mathematics, physics, earth sciences 14 Mechanical, civil engineering, architectural, 14 FY 2008 and other fields of engineering

Social sciences 14 Appendix Interdisciplinary, combined fields, new 12 disciplines Interdisciplinary, combined fields, new FY 2009 9 disciplines

31 JSPS 2011-2012

Support for University Reform ⅣEnhancing the Quality of University Research and Education 2 Leading Programs in Doctoral Education

Purpose The Leading Programs in Doctoral Education works to advance the establishment of university graduate schools of the highest caliber by supporting the dramatic reform of their education programs in such a way that they will institute degree programs recognized as top quality around the world. To foster excellent students who are both highly creative and internationally attuned and who will play leading roles in the academic, industrial and governmental sectors across the globe, the program brings top-ranking faculty and students together from both in and outside Japan and enlists participation from other sectors in its planning and execution, while creating continuity between master’s and doctoral programs and implementing curricula that overarches fields of specialization.

Within JSPS, a program steering committee is established which carries out grant application screening and project evaluation.

Features (1) All around category Aimed at fostering top leaders who can play active roles in The program works to foster leaders who can play active the governmental, nonprofit, industrial and academic sectors roles in the academia, industry and government and become and can be a driving force within global society, degree a driving force for progress within the world. programs are developed that integrate such fields as the humanities, social sciences, life sciences, physical sciences Support is provided to develop degree programs that integrate and engineering. (Two projects, up to ¥400 million each) master’s and doctoral programs and assure of level of quality that is recognized worldwide—programs underpinned by (2) Composite category internationally excellent education and research resources Aimed at fostering leaders who can synthesize industrial, and designed with participation of experts from not only academic and governmental projects and drive innovation acdemia but also the industrial and governmental sectors. in addressing issues facing society, degree programs are developed that crosscut composite research domains. (Ten In line with the program’s purpose, grant-based funding is projects, up to ¥300 million each) provided to excellent doctoral students selected to participate in the new degree programs. (3) “Only-one” category Aimed at fostering leaders who can pioneer a new field of research, degree programs are developed that are singularly Framework unique worldwide and that raise the university’s international excellence to the highest global standard. (Five projects, up Recruitment framework to ¥200 million each) Open recruitment is carried out in three categories defined by types of researcher to be fostered and issues to be Project period: As a rule, 7 years addressed. The following are the number of proposals to be selected and the upper limit of grants to be awarded in FY 2011 under the three categories. Budget FY2011:Y3.9 billion

Program for Enhancing Systematic Education in 3 Graduate Schools

Purpose Under this program, human resources are not limited to researchers but include talented young people who will go on to play active roles as leaders in the industrial and other sectors of society. Priority support is given to highly effective, systematic initiatives directed at improving education in master’s and doctoral programs at Japanese university graduate schools. Such initiatives are expected to dramatically enhance course curriculum development while promoting internationalization, hence, improving graduate education quality. Program funding is carried by MEXT, with JSPS conducting application screening and grantee selection. JSPS carries out the selection of grantees and the evaluation of projects.

32 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Features Framework Strengthening the function of graduate education Number of Selections This is accomplished by clearly defining the objectives of each Medical, graduate course, and organizing and implementing a systematic Humanities Other Natural Dental and

and Social Sciences and Total of Researchers Fostering Next Generation educational program that leads along the path of those objectives Pharmaceut- Sciences Engineering to acquiring a postgraduate degree. Concurrently, the program ical Sciences promotes university internationalization. Education programs FY2007 53(124) 20(62) 53(169) 126(355) are institutionally strengthened in such a way as to make the FY2008 25(89) 15(65) 26(119) 66(273) management of their operations more effective and transparent. FY2009 11(55) 7(40) 11(68) 29(163) Fostering talented people who will go on to play active Total 89(268) 42(167) 90(356) 221(791) roles in a wide cross-section of societal sectors *( ) Number of applications

Initiatives are taken to strengthen the graduate schools’ International Collaborations capacity to cultivate talented people who can understand, Project period: 3 years advance and widely apply highly specialized new fields of science and technological innovation. Post-project Evaluation These post-evaluations access the implementation of projects Disseminating information to society toward improving graduate education in line with the program’s Lessons learned from the projects adopted are widely objectives. Evaluation-driven advice is provided to grantees on disseminated to society so that other universities may use ways to develop their graduate education and research activities them in enhancing their graduate programs. and sustain their implementation after program funding ends. Support for University Reform

Budget FY 2011: ¥0.7 billion

4 Program for Promoting University Education Reform Scientific Outreach Purpose Under this program, universities, junior colleges and national colleges of technology are eligible to apply for grants to sustain their educational capacity and improve their education quality. Priority financial support is given to adopted applications judged most effective for achieving these goals. Through this targeted support and the widespread dissemination of emulative results, the program aims to contribute to strengthening the guarantee for quality higher education in Japan. JSPS carries out the selection of grantees and the evaluation of projects. Awards of Recognition

capacity and improve their educational quality, promise to be Features effective in meeting clearly established goals. Strengthened effort for ensuring educational quality A recommendation by the Central Council for Education, Disseminating information to society titled “Toward the Formulation of Baccalaureate Degree Information on details of each adopted application is widely Program,” defines scholastic success for undergraduate disseminated to society and applied to improve education in students—i.e., what skills and abilities they should acquire and other universities and colleges. to what extent—and articulates three attendant policies: One Science Systems Research Center for for degree acquisition, another for creating and implementing educational curricula, and the other for enrolling new students. Framework Interlinked with these policies, this program works to ensure Number of Selections a high quality of education by restructuring undergraduate Junior Colleges of Universities Total programs, improving educational contents and methods, colleges technology developing a comprehensive educational management system, FY2009 75 11 10 96 and providing credit support for a diverse range of students. FY2010 23 4 3 30

Setting clearly defined achievement goals Appendix Support is provided for initiatives that, drawing upon actions Project period: 2-3 years taken by universities and colleges to sustain their educational Budget FY 2011: ¥1.8 billion

33 JSPS 2011-2012

Support for University Reform ⅣEnhancing the Quality of University Research and Education Project for Establishing University Network 5 for Internationalization (“Global 30”)

Purpose This program upgrades the former Project for Establishing Core Universities for Internationalization (Global 30) launched in FY 2009. Global 30 provided comprehensive support to national, public and private universities for establishing English education programs, creating environments conducive to overseas students, and carrying out strategic international exchange collaborations. With this support, selected universities were expected to develop themselves into Japan’s leading internationalization hubs by providing a high quality of tertiary education and an environment that makes it easy for students from other countries to study in Japan. In FY 2011, this program was converted into the Project for Establishing University Network for Internationalization for the purpose of creating networking among universities engaged in internationalization and strengthening linkage between them and industry while carrying forward the objectives of the prior Global 30 program. JSPS carries out the selection of grantees and the evaluation of projects.

Features Framework Establish courses that allow degrees to be earned in English Interim evaluation: This evaluation is carried out to Provide English instruction in internationally competitive promote effective implementation of the core universities’ education and research departments along with a system that internationalization programs. Advice is given to assist allows degrees to be earned in only English. the universities in fully meeting the program objectives based on an assessment of the state of their efforts to (1) Provide a receptive environment for overseas students build internationalization-oriented networks with an aim to Employ specialized staffs (including tutors and counselors) to assist overseas students in their studies and daily living. Offer fostering students and researchers who will play substantial also Japanese language instruction, supplementary education, roles in global society and (2) enhance their operations and job placement assistance. Arrange to enroll overseas as Japan’s leading centers for internationalizing higher students in each semester. education.

Carry out strategic international exchange collaborations Post-project evaluation: Another evaluation is carried out Establish overseas offices to provide exchange student support of the results achieved after each project ends. and enable local recruitment including entrance examinations. Expand educational exchanges with overseas universities and Project duration: 5 years increase the number of Japanese students studying abroad. Selection results: The following 13 universities were Establishing networks among core universities By establishing networks among the core universities, their selected as global centers in FY2009. resources and achievements can be shared and their effects spread to both students and other universities working Universities Overseas offices proactively to internationalize their campuses. Tohoku University Russia (Moscow) Linking universities and industry University of Tsukuba Tunisia (Tunis) Linkage and cooperation is strengthened with the industrial The University of Tokyo India (Bangalore) sector by holding university-industry forums and various other Nagoya University Uzbekistan (Tashkent) means. Kyoto University Vietnam (Hanoi) Project selection: The core universities were selected in FY Osaka University - 2009 by the Program Committee, which conducted document Kyushu University Egypt (Cairo) reviews and hearings in the screening process. Keio University - Sophia University - Budget Meiji University - FY2011: ¥2.2 billion Waseda University Germany (Bonn) Doshisha University - Ritsumeikan University India (New Delhi) Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-kokusaika

34 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

6 Re-inventing Japan Project

Purpose This program provides financial support for reciprocal programs carried between Japanese universities and universities

in other countries. By building networks with institutions of high education in countries of Asia and the US and other of Researchers Fostering Next Generation western countries, the supported Japanese universities extend their international reach; and by assuring a high quality of education provided within an international framework, they foster students and researchers who will go on to play active roles within global society. Implementing strategic schemes for attracting and receiving overseas students, these universities carry out interactive educational programs with overseas counterparts that place Japanese students in educational matrices with students from Asian and western nations. JSPS carries out the selection of grantees and the evaluation of projects. International Collaborations

Features Content The program is divided into two categories: Type A and Type Institutions Eligible for Grants: Japanese national, public B, each of which have two components. and private universities

Type A: “CAMPUS Asia” Support for Forming a Core Number of Grantees: Ten from each Type A and B Support for University Reform Center Selection Process: In selecting the hub universities, the (1) Projects that form a consortium of universities among Program Committee carries out document reviews and the three countries of Japan, China and Korea, which hearing panels. functions to carry out unified exchange programs for credit transfers, transcript administration, and degree Evaluation: An interim evaluation is conducted on the state conferrals. (Triangular exchange projects among Japan, of project implementation by FY 2012, in the projects’ third China and Korea) year. A post-project evaluation is conducted on the overall

achievement of projects after program funding ends. It will Scientific Outreach (2) Projects carried out with universities in China, Korea be conducted in FY 2016, six years after the project grant and ASEANs not covered under the above trilateral was awarded. Based on the results of the interim evaluation, framework, which also implement unified exchange project plans may be modified or the disposition, including programs for credit transfers, transcript administration, termination, of projects reconsidered. and degree conferrals. Project Duration: Five years in principle Type B: Support for Collaborative Education with Awards of Recognition Universities in the US and Other Western Nations Project Funding: Up to ¥80 million/year per project of both Types A and B. (1) Projects that implement programs of collaborative education with universities in the US. Budget (2) Projects that implement programs of collaborative FY2011: ¥2.2 billion education with universities in Europe, Austria and other countries. Science Systems Research Center for Appendix

35 JSPS 2011-2012

Support for University Reform ⅣEnhancing the Quality of University Research and Education 7 World Premier International Research Center Initiative

Purpose Based on provisions in the government’s third S&T Basic Plan, issued in March 2006, and the Comprehensive Strategy for Fostering Innovation issued by the Council for Science and Technology Policy in June of that year, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) inaugurated this program in the 2007 fiscal year. MEXT has commissioned JSPS to carry out grant selection, using a procedure prescribed by the ministry, along with performing project evaluations and program administration.

The program provides both supplementary and concentrated support for research in scientific fields in which Japan has already reached a high global level. By introducing system reforms and measures to promote the taking of autonomous initiatives by universities, the program seeks to elevate even higher the level of research in these fields. At the same time, it supports the creation of “highly visible” centers of excellence that boast an excellent research environment, one of a high enough standard to readily attract frontline researchers from around the world.

Features Framework Foster internationally conversant researchers by Eligible institutions: Universities, inter-university research globalizing the research institutes of Japanese universities institutes, independent administrative institutions, and public and Japan’s overall research environment interest corporations • The world’s top-level researchers are invited from both Japan and abroad to work in the centers. Selection results • A robust management system, including a merit-based pay Five institutions were selected as WPI Centers in FY 2007, scheme, is introduced. and one more was selected in FY 2010. • A research environment in tune with international standards is created through such means as making English the Project duration: Ten years, with a possible 5-year working language at the centers and introducing flexible extension for projects producing outstanding results. (Interim support systems. evaluation performed every five years.)

Cultivate novel seeds of innovation by forging scientific Amount of grants: From ¥500 million to ¥2 billion annually advances per project Budget Website FY 2011: ¥8.1 billion http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-toplevel/index.html

Outline of the centers

Tohoku University Advanced Institute for Materials Research ( AIMR ) Director: Yoshinori Yamamoto Establish a World-Leading Research Organization in Materials Science AIMR aims to establish a Premier Research Center for materials science, to reform the conventional Japanese system and to construct a visible center. To this end, the institute is assembling excellent researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, bioengineering and electronic/mechanical engineering. The University of Tokyo Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe ( IPMU ) Director: Hitoshi Murayama Cross-Disciplinary Research Center for Addressing the Origin and Evolution of the Universe Establishing a top-level research center visible worldwide for the most urgent issues of basic science such as dark energy, dark matter, and unified theories with a close collaboration of mathematics, physics and astronomy. Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences ( iCeMS ) Director: Norio Nakatsuji Integrating the cell and material sciences to create a new cross-disciplinary field Investigating the control mechanisms of soft functional architectures (multimolecular structures within cells and artificial materials), the iCeMS contributes to the application of stem cells (ES/iPS cells) in medicine and drug discovery, and also to next-generation innovations in environmental technology and industry. Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center ( IFReC ) Director: Shizuo Akira Observation of immune reaction - Unveiling dynamic networks of immunity - IFReC presents innovative accomplishments in immunology through the interdisciplinary collaboration and participation of world-top immunology and imaging researchers. National Institute for Materials Science International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics ( MANA ) Director: Masakazu Aono Materials Nanoarchitectonics - New paradigm of materials development - MANA aims to create a new paradigm for materials development called “Materials Nanoarchitectonics” and in the field of the managing system focuses on “Melting pot environment,” “Fostering young scientists” and “Global Network.” Kyushu University International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research ( I2CNER ) Director: Petros Sofronis The Grand Highway for a Carbon-Neutral Energy Fueled World

The mission of the Institute is to contribute to the creation of a sustainable and environmentally friendly society by advancing fundamental science to reduce CO2 emissions and establish a non- fossil based energy carrier system.

36 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Program for Promoting Social Science Research 8 Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems

Purpose This program is aimed at devising solutions to socioeconomic issues that Japan is likely to face in the near future. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Practical research methods are employed to produce results that offer society a selection of options in addressing them. The research will contribute to striking a balance between socioeconomic vitalization and societal well-being and security, while working to enhance people’s lives and social welfare. At the same time, this results-oriented program works to advance research in the social sciences at universities and to develop new fields of investigation within in that discipline in Japan.

JSPS has been commissioned by MEXT to carry out the administration and assessment of projects, which are International Collaborations implemented in two research categories: “Design of Socioeconomic Systems Yielding Robust Economic Vitality” and “Design of New Employment Systems Yielding Rich Quality of Life.”

Amount of grants: Up to ¥27.3 million per project

Project period: 3-5 years (FY 2008 through FY 2012) Support for University Reform Budget

FY2011: ¥110 million

9 Japan Studies Based on International Collaboration

Purpose Scientific Outreach Making use of various materials on Japan that exist overseas, this program seeks to advance Japan studies by unearthing and investigating sources of new information and knowledge. In so doing, it works to vitalize Japan studies while sustaining their development by building and utilizing international research networks. Concomitantly, the program has as its objective the further internationalization of Japanese research in the humanities and social sciences.

JSPS is commissioned by MEXT to administer the program and to carry out its application-screening and project- evaluation functions. Awards of Recognition

Amount of grants: ¥8.45 million per project

Project period: 3 years (FY 2010 through FY 2012)

Budget

FY2011: ¥30 million Science Systems Research Center for Appendix

37 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅴ Scientific Outreach 1 University-Industry Research Cooperation

Purpose This program works to provide a platform between the academic and industrial sectors for collaboration in both basic and applied research. Established in 1933, the program is operated by an advisory committee of members from both sectors. It seeks to promote cooperation and linkage in areas of science that will exert a positive impact on society.

Projects under Special Committees

Committees for Research Promotion in Specialized Areas Frontier Research and Development Committees Inactivation of Microorganisms, Endotoxins and Prions in Development and Application of Metamaterials Medical Products by Plasma Exposure (Apr. 2009-Mar. 2012) (Oct. 2008-Sep. 2011) Physicochemistry for Nonequilibrium Reaction Fields Induced Practical Application of Regenerative Medicines with Electromagnetic Waves (Oct. 2008-Sep. 2011) (Apr. 2010-Mar. 2013) Advancing Robotic Intelligence toward a Human-Robot Symbiotic Society (Apr. 2010-Mar. 2013) Highly Coalesced Beam Science and Technology (Apr. 2010-Mar. 2013)

Projects under University-Industry Cooperative Research Committees

19th Committee on Steelmaking 148th Committee on Coal and Carbonaceous Resources Utilization Technology 24th Committee on Foundry Technology 150th Committee on Acoustic Wave Device Technology 36th Committee on Industrial Instrumentation 151st Committee on Advanced Nanodevice and Nanomaterial Technology 54th Committee on Ironmaking 153rd Committee on Plasma Materials Science 69th Committee on Materials Processing and Applications 154th Committee on Semiconductor Interfaces and Their Applications 76th Committee on Construction Materials 155th Committee on Fluorine Chemistry 108th Committee on Business Administration 157th Committee on Structural Response Control 111th Committee on Development on the Utilization of Minerals 158th Committee on Vacuum Nanoelectronics 116th Committee on Chemistry Creating Organic Compounds with Novel Functions 160th Committee on Plant Biotechnology for the Environment, Food and Resources 117th Committee on Carbon Materials 161st Committee on Science and Technology of Crystal Growth 118th Committee on Industrial Structure: Small Medium Business 162nd Committee on Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photonic and Electronic Devices 120th Committee on Functionalization of Textiles and Polymers 163rd Committee on Internet Technology 122nd Committee on Nuclear Metallurgy 164th Committee on Genome Technology 123rd Committee on Heat Resisting Metals and Alloys 165th Committee on Ultra Integrated Silicon Systems 124th Committee on Advanced Ceramics 166th Committee on Photonic and Electronic Oxide Materials 125th Committee on Conversion between Light and Electricity 167th Committee on Nano-probe Technology 129th Committee on Strength and Fracture of Advanced Materials 169th Committee on Structural Biology using Diffraction Techniques 130th Committee on Optoelectronics 170th Committee on Redox Life Innovation 131st Committee on Thin Films 171st Committee on Optical Network System Technology 132nd Committee on Electron and Ion Beam Science and Technology 172nd Committee on Alloy Phase Diagrams 133rd Committee on Microstructures and Functions of Materials 173rd Committee on Switching Power Supply Systems for Coming Era 134th Committee on Colour Fastness Tests 174th Committee on Molecular Nanotechnology 136th Committee on Future-Oriented Machining 175th Committee on Innovative Photovoltaic Power Generating Systems 139th Committee on Properties of Steam 176th Committee on Process Created Materials Function 141st Committee on Microbeam Analysis 177th Committee on System Design and Integration 142nd Committee on Organic Materials Used in Information Science and Industry 178th Committee on Plant Molecular Design 143rd Committee on Process Systems Engineering 179th Committee on Photonics Information Systems 144th Committee on Magnetic Recording 180th Committee on Risk-Based Plant Management 145th Committee on Processing and Characterization of Crystals 181st Committee on Multifunctional Molecular Electronics 146th Committee on Superconductive Electronics 182nd Committee on Terahertz Science, Technology and Industrial Development 147th Committee on Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Materials 183rd Committee on Advanced Water Science and Engineering

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-soc/main.html

38 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

2 Information Services We publish the newsletter “JSPS Quarterly.”

Website of Researchers Fostering Next Generation “JSPS Quarterly” http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-quart/index.html

JSPS homepage http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html

Please visit our homepage to learn more about JSPS’s International Collaborations activities.

3 Donations

JSPS receives contributions for the purpose of supporting • Japan-China Medical Exchange (endowed by Dainippon researchers and advancing scientific research. Sumitomo Pharma and Daiichi Sankyo Company) • Fujita Memorial Fund for Medical Research Established within JSPS is a special trust for receiving Support for University Reform donations and funding activities. Donations made to JSPS JSPS lends its tax-exempt status to organizations holding enjoy a tax-exempt status. Contributions are received from international academic conferences. The following such corporations, groups and individuals, and are used to carry conference is to be held in FY 2011: International Union of out various endowed programs. These include the following: Microbiological Societies 2011 Congress.

4 Program for Publishing Noteworthy Contributions to

Science and Technology Scientific Outreach

Purpose Publishing the results of research whose investment effect is not readily visible is very important in raising public awareness in the value of scientific pursuit. To feed noteworthy research results widely to the general public, Japan’s five electric and information-related academic societies established a database to disseminate in an easily understood manner the fruits of researchers who receive their awards and tried releasing the information over the Internet. However, due to a lack of adequate funding, the scope of their initiative was limited and did not provide an effective outreach tool. Given Awards of Recognition that situation, in FY 2011 the current program was launched to advance the creation of tools to broadly disseminate outstanding results of research conducted over the spectrum of scientific fields to both specialists and the interested public. In the period ahead, effort will be made to gradually increase the number of participating academic societies while ascertaining excellent research results achieved in Japan and expanding their dissemination.

Features Content

The database is divided into three main categories: One for non- Established within JSPS, a program committee comprising Science Systems Research Center for specialists (Japanese), another for specialists (Japanese), and the representatives of the participating academic societies, the other also for specialists (English). Each contains descriptions National Institute of Informatics, JSPS and leading authorities, of the posted research and their results, accompanied by tables sets the program’s policy and oversees its implementation. and diagrams, photographs, and other related data. Regarding their division of labor, the academic societies compile the data to be posted, the National Institute of Informatics Participating Academic Societies in FY2011 maintains and operates the database, and JSPS convenes the The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers committee meetings, coordinates program activities, and

Information Processing Society of Japan performs public relations and administrative functions. Appendix The Illuminating Engineeing Institute of Japan The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Japan Bioindustry Association

39 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅴ Scientific Outreach 5 Student Outreach Activities

Purpose Established in FY 2005, the program “HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI SCIENCE (Welcome to a University Research Lab— Science that Inspires and Inspirits)” and the “Science Dialogue Program” offer opportunities for Japanese students to better understand the meaning of science and its role in their daily lives. The former program seeks to promote science study, ultimately advancing future research by cultivating intellectual curiosity and a rich sense of creativity in the young participants, along with a keen awareness of science’s cultural value and societal importance. The latter program works to stimulate high school students’ interest in science and international scientific pursuit and to deepen their understanding of international society by receiving lectures from JSPS fellows, who tell them about their research activities, home countries, and the paths that led them to becoming scientists.

(1) HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI SCIENCE (Welcome to a University Research Lab―Science that Inspires and inspirits) Features Visits to Date

Enhancing understanding of kakenhi research National Public Private Total Universities The program spans all fields of the humanities, social Institutions Visits Institutions Visits Institutions Visits Institutions Visits sciences and natural sciences, and is implemented by FY2005 17 28 2 2 3 5 22 35 national, public and private universities conducting kakenhi- FY2006 37 62 5 6 12 26 54 94 funded research throughout Japan. FY2007 35 54 7 11 36 47 78 112 FY2008 41 78 9 14 42 70 92 162 Giving hands-on experience to students FY2009 46 91 14 18 63 99 123 208 During their visits, students participate in experiments, FY2010 45 97 14 15 61 93 120 205 fieldwork and other hands-on activities.

Eligible participants Fifth and sixth grade elementary school, junior high school and high school students may participate in these visits along with their parents and teachers.

In FY 2010, the total number of participants to this program reached 20,000.

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/hirameki/ “Hirameki ☆ Tokimeki Scientific Experiment—Experiencing an environmentally friendly micro-scale experiment” (November 2010, Kyoto University of Education)

(2) Science Dialogue

This program gives JSPS fellows opportunities to visit Japanese high schools and give lectures in which they tell the students about their research activities, home countries, and the paths that led them to becoming scientists. While stimulating the students’ interest in science and international scientific pursuit, this program also gives the fellows an opportunity to interact with the community in the vicinity of their host institution. As increasingly more students and high school faculties experience and are motivated by this JSPS program, it is becoming a dynamic platform for enhancing JSPS fellow Dr. Marc Humblet giving a lec- their potential to contribute to future scientific advancement. ture at Junior & High In FY 2010, 95 fellows participated in this program at 49 high School at Komaba, University of Tsukuba schools. (June 2010)

40 JSPS 2011-2012

Awards of Recognition Ⅵ Initiatives Support for Research 1 International Prize for Biology

Purpose The International Prize for Biology was instituted in April of 1985. It aims to commemorate the sixty-year reign of Emperor Showa and his longtime devotion to biological research and also to offer tribute to the present Emperor His of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Majesty Emperor Akihito, who has strived over many years to advance the study taxonomy of gobioid fishes while contributing continuously to the developing of this Prize. The Prize is awarded to researchers who have attained records of world-class achievements in a selected field of biological research and have made landmark contributions to the advancement of science. Awarded each year is one prize consisting of a certificate of merit, a medal, and a purse of ¥10 million.

Held at the Japan Academy in the fall of each year, the award ceremony is attended by Their Majesties the Emperor and International Collaborations Empress.

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-biol/main.html Support for University Reform Scientific Outreach Awards of Recognition 26th International Biology Prize Ceremony at Japan Academy (December 2010)

Recent Winners of the Prize

15th (1999) Animal Physiology Setsuro Ebashi (Japan) 16th (2000) Developmental Biology Seymour Benzer (USA)

17th (2001) Paleontology Harry B. Whittington (UK) Science Systems Research Center for 18th (2002) Biology of Evolution Masatoshi Nei (USA) 19th (2003) Cell Biology Shinya Inoue (USA) 20th (2004) Systematic Biology and Taxonomy Thomas Cavalier-Smith (UK) 21st (2005) Structural Biology in Fine Structure, Morphology and Morphogenesis Nam Hai Chua (Singapore) 22nd (2006) Chronobiology Serge Daan (Netherlands)

23rd (2007) Genetics David Swenson Hogness (USA) Appendix 24th (2008) Ecology George David Tilman (USA) 25th (2009) Biology of Sensing Winslow Russell Briggs (USA) 26th (2010) Biology of Symbiosis Nancy Ann Moran (USA)

41 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅵ Awards of Recognition 2 JSPS Prize

Purpose This Prize was established in FY 2004 to identify young researchers conducting superlative work and recognize their efforts at an early stage in their careers. In doing so, it is meant to sustain the awardees’ motivation and encourage them in their endeavors, thereby cultivating Japanese researchers capable of making scientific breakthroughs.

Programs Website Each year, the Prize is awarded to researchers under age http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-jsps-prize/index.html 45 in all fields of research including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. The Prize consists of a certificate of merit, a medal, and a purse of ¥1.1 million. Some of the recipients are also awarded the Japan Academy Medal.

The ceremony is held at the Japan Academy in the presence of Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Akishino.

7th JSPS Prize Ceremony at Japan Academy

FY2010 JSPS Prize Awardees

Names Affiliation Research Topics An Analytic Study of Judaic Literature Based on Aramaic and Hebrew KATSUMATA Etsuko Assistant Professor, the Faculty of Theology, Doshisha University Texts Associate Professor, Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology , A Study of the Execution and Appreciation of Picture Handscrolls in the TAKAGISHI Akira Tokyo Institute of Technology Muromachi Period Theory of Spatial Time Series Analysis and its Application to Spatial MATSUDA Yasumasa Professor, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University Econometrics Associate Professor, Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of MORI Tadashi Historical Development of the Right of Self-Defence in International Law Humanities and Social Sciences Tokyo Associate Professor, National Institutes for the Humanities, National Museum of A Comparative Study of Alexander the Great’s Images in the Medieval YAMANAKA Yuriko Ethnology Middle East IYAMA Osamu Professor, Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University Representation Theory of Orders Developments of Asymmetric Syntheses with Chiral Ammonium and OOI Takashi Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Chiral Tetraaminophosphonium Salts Reconstitution of Reporter Proteins by Using Dissection and OZAWA Takeaki Professor, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Reconstruction of Fluorescent Proteins KIMURA Tsuyoshi Professor, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Development of Magnetoelectric Materials and Phenomena Exploration of Physical Phenomena and Application Technology Based SAITOH Eiji Professor, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University on Spin Currents SATO Yoichi Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo Pioneering Work in Image-Based Modeling for Digital Content Creation Theoretical and Computational Study on the Ultrahigh-Pressure

Sciences TSUCHIYA Taku Professor, Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials Group Leader, Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center, National Automatic Construction of Large-Scale Knowledge Bases from the Web TORISAWA Kentaro Institute of Information and Communications Technology and their Application to Web Search FUKUMURA Tomoteru Associate Professor, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Invention of Magnetic Oxide Semiconductor Professor, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Novel Materials Processing Based on Chemical Thermodynamics and FUKUYAMA Hiroyuki Tohoku University Development of Thermophysical Property Measurements Creation of Next-Generation Electronics Based on Semiconductor WATANABE Heiji Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University

Mathematics; Physical Sciences; Chemistry; Engineering Chemistry; Sciences; Physical Mathematics; Surface and Interface Science ITO Masahiro Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University Properties of Bacterial Flagellar Motor Powered by Hybrid Stators UEDA Hiroki Project Leader, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Understanding of Design Principles in Mammalian Circadian Clocks KITAOKA Takuya Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Functional Architectonics of Polysaccharides and Fiber Materials KUZUYAMA Tomohisa Associate Professor, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo Diversity in Microbial Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathways TAKEDA Shu Associate Professor, the Faculty of Medicine , Keio University Neuronal Control of Bone Metabolism Associate Professor, Graduate School of environmental science, Okayama Ecological Researches on Termite Social Systems and Their MATSUURA Kenji University Applications to Termite Control Identification of Receptors for Fat-Derived Hormone Adiponectin and YAMAUCHI Lecturer, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Clarification of Molecular Mechanisms for their Anti-diabetic Actions Medical, Dental, Toshimasa Including Exercise-Mimicking Effects

Pharmaceutical Sciences YAMASAKI Sho Professor, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University Self and Non-Self Recognition through Immune Receptors Identification of Gene loci Responsible for Self-Nonself Discrimination WATANABE Masao Professor, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University and Elucidation of Molecular Discrimination Mechanism in Cruciferae Biological Sciences; Agricultural Sciences; Sciences; Agricultural Biological Sciences; Self-Incompatibility

42 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

3 Ikushi Prize

Purpose In 2009, JSPS received an endowment from Emperor Akihito on the 20th year of his reign. Amidst a severe economic of Researchers Fostering Next Generation environment in Japanese society, His Majesty’s desire was to encourage and support young scientists who are working diligently to advance their studies and research.

In deference to his wishes, JSPS has established the Ikushi Prize program, which was placed into operation in FY 2010. It functions to officially recognize outstanding doctoral students who can be expected to contribute to Japan’s future scientific advancement, while seeking to fan their enthusiasm for educational and research pursuits. International Collaborations Content Website (1) Selecting Recipients http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-ikushi-prize/index.html Candidates are nominated to JSPS by the heads of Japanese universities and academic institutions from among students in their graduate programs. Doctoral students majoring in any field of the humanities, social sciences or natural sci- Support for University Reform ences are eligible. Awardees are chosen through a process of document and panel reviews, with the final decisions made by a selection committee established within JSPS.

Sixteen awardees will be selected each year.

(2) The Prize The awardees receive a certificate, a medal and a scholarship grant of ¥1.1 million. For those awardees who desire, they Scientific Outreach are also given a JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scien- tists, to begin from the following fiscal year. 1st Ikushi Prize Ceremony at Japan Academy

FY2010 JSPS Ikushi Prize Awardees

Names Affiliation Research Topics Awards of Recognition “An Archaeological Study on the Societies of Classic Period of Akira Ichikawa Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University Mesoamerica and Its Formation Processes” Haruto Takagishi Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University “The Role of Theory of Mind in Altruistic Behavior” “Psychophysical Study for Visual Motion Processing Based on Spatial Hiromasa Takemura Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo and Temporal Interaction of Visual Signal” Graduate School of Foreign Language Studies, Kobe City University of Foreign

Sciences Ai Nishida “Old Tibetan Divination Manuscripts from Central Asia” Studies Noa Nishimoto Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University “A Descriptive Study of the Antandroy Dialect of Malagasy” Humanities and Social “Psychophysiological Study of the Effects of Social-Evaluative Stress on Michiko Yoshie Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Motor Performance in Pianists” “Exploration of Fundamental Physics and Application Technology on Ken-ichi Uchida Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Thermo-Spin Effects” Science Systems Research Center for “Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Pathogenic Viruses in Water Masaaki Kitajima Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Environments and Control Risk of Infection” Makiko Sasada Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo “Hydrodynamic Limits for Systems of Non-Gradient Type” Masayoshi Nobukawa Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University “X-Ray Study of the Galactic Center Region with Suzaku”

and Engineering “Arene-Assembling Reactions through Direct C–H Bond

Science, Mathematics Science, Shuichi Yanagisawa Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Functionalization” “Development of the Selective Stromal-Directed Therapies Targeting Naoki Ikenaga Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University the Specific Pancreatic Stellate Cells Enhancing the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer” “Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Terminally Tomohisa Seki Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University Differentiated Circulating T Cells”

“Phylogeographic Analysis of Microorganisms in the Arctic and Antarctic Appendix Ryosuke Nakai Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University Polar Regions” “Endogenous Non-Retroviral RNA Virus Elements in Mammalian Masayuki Horie Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Genomes” “Analysis of the Function and the Localization Mechanism of the Yuya Yamagishi Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Conserved Protein Shugoshin”

Biological and Medical Sciences “Structural Biology on Amino Acid Kinases Involved in Amino Acid Ayako Yoshida Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Biosynthesis”

43 JSPS 2011-2012 Ⅶ Research Center for Science Systems Purpose The Research Center for Science Systems was established within JSPS in July 2003 based on a recommendation, entitled “System Reform in Competitive Research Funding,” issued by the Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office, to attain the most effective usage of competitive research funds by putting in place within funding agencies a program officer system staffed by frontline researchers who perform a whole range of project functions from proposal selection, project assessment to post-project follow up.

Features Functions Knowledge of frontline researchers utilized in Center’s Provide recommendations and advice on JSPS’s overall operation program Frontline researchers in cutting-edge fields at Japanese For this purpose the Center holds periodic meetings. Twice universities and research institutions participate in the a month, senior program officer meetings, attended by the Center’s administrative and operational activities. Center’s director, deputy directors, and the senior program officers of each research group, are convened to exchange Specialized perspectives of researchers reflected in JSPS and compile information and views and to formulate programs proposals and advice from scientific perspectives on the full Nine program groups are established within the Center so as spectrum of JSPS’s programs. Once a month, the program to address the unique characteristics of each research field. officers meet to exchange updated information and news on Each group comprises two or three senior program officers research in their respective fields and to consider ways of and from eight to 22 program officers. applying them to JSPS’s operations.

Fair and impartial selection Two program-improvement working groups are established Program officer appointments are for three years. As a rule, within the Center, one for Grants-in-Aid for Scientific reappointments are not made. This term is set to help ensure Research and the other for the JSPS Research Fellowships fairness in the grant selection process. So as to preclude for Young Scientists. Each group meets once a month to imbalances in the program officer makeup, effort is made consider ways of enhancing the solicitation and selection to choose their replacements from different disciplines and systems of their respective programs and to draft related research institutions, while improving the ratio of female recommendations for JSPS. researchers. Oversee application screening and project assessment for JSPS programs (1) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates and chair review meetings. To ensure fairness and transparency, they do not participate in the screening or selection processes. (2) JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates and participate in review meetings. They evaluate the performance of superlative postdoctoral (SPD) fellows, and they select candidates for the JSPS Prize.

Senior Program Officer Meeting, April 2011 (3) JSPS’s international exchange programs Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates.

Conduct surveys and studies Program officers conduct surveys of science-promotion policies and research trends. The results of these surveys are applied by JSPS to enhance research quality, improve screening and assessment procedures, and design innovative programs.

44 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Program Enhancements Over past fiscal years, the Center has undertaken to make a (2) Proactive Dissemination of Information on Research number of improvements in its program. These include the Trends following: The results of the Center’s surveys on scientific research

trends are systematically reported on its homepage. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation (1) Public Relations Activities So as to foster a deeper understanding of the Center’s (3) Improvement of Examiner Selection System activities within Japan’s research community, briefings are Program officers analyze the performance of the examiners held at universities throughout Japan in addition to academic selected under each of JSPS’s programs, and apply the results meetings. to creating a fairer, more effective examiner selection system. International Collaborations Support for University Reform

Briefing on recommendation/selection system for program officers, held at Center staff selecting examiner cadidates Academic Generalization Center, Hitotsubashi University

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-center/index.html Scientific Outreach

Program Groups and Their Senior Program Officers

Program Groups Senior Program Officers Mio Kishimoto Humanities Mahito Fukuda Awards of Recognition Kazuhiro Ueta Social Sciences Kazuhiko Yamamoto Youichi Murakami Mathematical and Physical Sciences Hiroaki Terao Yoshio Okahata Chemistry Hiroyuki Ohno Yozo Fujino Engineering Sciences Shigehisa Arai Science Systems Research Center for Toshihiko Hara Biological Sciences Hideko Urushihara Chieko Kai Agricultural Sciences Kikue Kubota Yuzuru Kanakura Toshiro Hara Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Science Kyosuke Nagata

Shigeo Koyasu Appendix Koichi Fujie Interdisciplinary and Frontier Sciences Toyoaki Nishida

45 JSPS 2011-2012

AppendixAppendix

List of Programs

Program Outline Term Support Charge section Page Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Grant support for creative and pioneering research in fields of 1-5 years Research Aid Division Differs by category 4 Research (Kakenhi) humanities, social sciences and natural sciences (differs by category) Ⅰ , Ⅱ Funding Program for World- Support provided for 3-5 year top-world aspiring, cutting-edge Leading Innovative R&D on research projects at various stages of advancement from basic 3-5 years ¥1.8 -5 billion per project 10 Science and Technology science to technology with near-future application across a wide Leading-edge (“First Program”) range of fields. Research Promotion Funding Program for Support provided for leading-edge R&D with policy and societal Up to 4 years Division Next Generation World- significance carried out by young researchers with expected potential (From FY 2010- Up to ¥200 million per project 12 Leading Researchers (“Next to become world leaders, female researchers, and researchers in 2013) Program”) outlying universities. Support provided for establishing and operating advanced research Leading-edge Research facilities used to carry out basic research or R&D with near future 1-3 years ¥2 million -7.5 billion per project 13 Infrastructure Program applications in areas of green innovation and life innovation. University-Industry Cooperation and

Support Research Initiatives for Program for Promoting Methodological Innovation Research Program Ⅰ. Ⅰ. in Humanities and Social Support for advancing joint cross-disciplinary research in these fields As a rule, 3 years ¥5 or 10 million per year Division 14 Sciences by Cross- Disciplinary Fusing Fellowship: ¥200,000 to 446,000 Providing fellowships for Japanese doctoral and master’s students Research Fellowships for per month with excellent research abilities so they can dedicate themselves to 2-3 years 15 Young Scientists Research grant: ¥1.5 to 3 million their studies/research at universities/research institutions per year Research Fellowship Division Fostering Fostering Fellowship for excellent young Japanese researchers to focus for Roundtrip international airfare, Postdoctoral Fellowships for

Ⅱ. Ⅱ. a long period on their studies/research at overseas universities/ 2 years stipend/research grant ¥3.8-5.2 17

of Researchers Research Abroad Next Generation Generation Next research institutions million per year Joint research: 1-3 Research Cooperation Funding for joint research and seminars carried out between years Joint research: ¥1-5 million per year Division Ⅰ Bilateral Collaborations 20 researchers from Japan and other countries Seminars: within 1 Seminars: ¥1-2.5 million Asian Program week Division Research Cooperation Researcher Exchange 14 days-2 years Roundtrip international airfare, Support for Japanese/foreign researchers to visit and engage in Division Ⅰ Program (Sending and (differs by countries maintenance allowance (Differs by 20 research/discussions with colleagues in each other countries Asian Program Receiving) or agencies) countries or agencies) Division Intensive, short-term seminars for young Asian researchers to Asian Program Asia Science Seminars 7-14 days Up to ¥10 million 20 receive training in leading-edge fields Division JSPS-NSF International Based on cooperation with National Science Foundation, support Research Cooperation Collaborations in Chemistry provided for international joint projects conducted in collaboration 3 years Up to ¥20 million per year 21 Division Ⅰ (ICC) with US researchers in the field of chemistry Partnerships for International Based on cooperation with National Science Foundation, support Research Cooperation Research and Education provided for international joint projects on issues difficult to solve by 5 years Up to ¥5 million per year 21 Division Ⅰ (PIRE Program) one country alone related to sustainability Support is provided for multilateral collaborations among the seven G8 Research Councils countries of Japan, Germany, France, the UK, the US, Canada and Research Cooperation Initiative for Multilateral 2-3 years Up to ¥15 million per year 21 Russia carried out for the purpose of advancing cross-disciplinary Division Ⅰ Research Funding research on global issues rooted in the researchers’ own free ideas. Joint research and seminars funded by core agencies in Japan, As a rule, 3 years Asian Program A3 Foresight Program ¥30 million per 3 years 21 China and Korea (Up to 5 years) Division International Scientific Overseas Fellowship Partial support for holding international scientific meetings in Japan Within fiscal year Up to ¥2 million 21 Meetings in Japan Division (1) Advance Research Networks Support for joint research, seminars and other activities carried out in Research Cooperation Up to 5 years Up to ¥20 million per year 22 collaboration with research institutions around the world for the purpose Division Ⅱ of building research-collaboration hubs of a high world standard. Core-to-Core Program (2) Asia-Africa Science Platforms Support for joint research, seminars and other activities with research Asian Program Up to 3 years Up to ¥8 million per year 22 institutions in Asia and Africa for the purpose of contributing to the Division solution of issues prevailing in those regions.

Integrated Action Integrated Action Initiatives: JSPS Core-to-Core Program Support for building research hubs that yield multilateral networks in Initiatives: 2 years ¥20 million per year Research Cooperation 23 (Old) leading-edge fields Strategic Research Strategic Research Networks: Division Ⅱ Networks: 3 years ¥30 million per year Support for establishing common curricula between Japanese and International Collaborations Japanese-German Research Cooperation German universities, mutual dispatch of doctoral students and faculty, Up to 5 years Up to ¥15 million per year 23 Ⅱ Ⅲ. Ⅲ. Graduate Externship Division and cross-instruction Roundtrip international airfare, RONPAKU (Dissertation Fellowships for Asian and African researchers to obtain a doctoral 3-5 years maintenance allowance, host’s 24 PhD) Program degree from Japanese universities allowance Funding for carrying out joint research and seminars in cooperation Asian CORE Program Up to 5 years Up to ¥12 million per year 24 with Asian research institutions Funding for carrying out joint research and seminars in cooperation Asian Program AA Science Platform Program Up to 3 years Up to ¥5 million per year 24 with research institutions in Asian and African regions Division Meetings that give graduate students from Asia opportunities to Domestic travel, food/lodging, other HOPE Meetings About 5 days 25 interact with each other, Nobel laureates and other leading scientists participation costs Dispatch of Science and Select candidates for dispatch to developing countries by surveying/ As a rule, up to 2 25 Technology Researchers analyzing joint research needs and matching researchers to them years Support provided for dispatching young researchers engaged in Strategic Young Researcher international joint research overseas for up to one year in order Overseas Training Overseas Visits Program for to develop them into highly competent researchers who will form 1-3 years ¥30 million per project 26 Program Division Accelerating Brain Circulation the nucleus of international research networks; and through their circulation, advance scientific research in Japan.

Roundtrip international airfare, Overseas Training Opportunities are provided for excellent young Japanese researchers maintenance allowance Excellent Young Researcher Program Division/ to do research in friendly competition with colleagues at top-notch 90 days – 12 months Full-time researchers: ¥310,000 to 26 Overseas Visit Program Research Fellowship overseas research institutions 430,000 per month JSPS’s fellows: ¥160,000 per month Division Institutional Program for Support is provided for systematic programs offered by Japanese Young Researcher Overseas research institutions that provide opportunities for young researchers 2-3 years ¥25-85 million per year 26 Visits to conduct research at overseas institutions Overseas Training International Training Program Division Funding to build and implement excellent programs for sending Program (ITP) for Young As a rule, 5 years Up to ¥18 million per year 26 young Japanese researchers overseas to engage in research Researchers

46 JSPS 2011-2012 Initiatives Support for Research

Program Outline Tenure Support Charge section Page Support for young Japanese researchers to participate in FoS Frontiers of Science (FoS) symposiums, where they lodge together and hold cross-disciplinary Roundtrip international airfare, 3 days 27 Symposiums discussions on leading edge scientific topics with peers from domestic travel, food/lodging counterpart countries

Support for young Japanese researchers to attend these of Researchers Fostering Next Generation ESF-JSPS Frontier Science conferences, where they lodge together, receive lectures from Roundtrip international airfare, Research Cooperation Conference Series for Young About 1 week 27 leading experts, and hold discussions with European colleagues in domestic travel, food/lodging Division Ⅱ Researchers the subject field. Roundtrip international airfare, Travel Grant for Attending Support for Japanese doctoral students and postdocs to attend the domestic travel, meeting About 1 week 27 Lindau Meetings Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings participation costs including food/ lodging Standard: 12 to 24 months JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships to invite excellent overseas researchers to Japanese North America/ Roundtrip airfare, maintenance Fellowships for Foreign universities/institutes to conduct joint research under guidance of Europe (short-term): 28 allowance, settling-in allowance Researchers Japanese hosts 1 to 12 months

Summer program: 2 International Collaborations

International Collaborations months

Ⅲ. Ⅲ. Short-term: 14-60 Roundtrip International airfare, Overseas Fellowship JSPS Invitation Fellowships Fellowships to invite excellent overseas researchers to Japan to do days maintenance allowance, domestic Division 29 for Research in Japan joint research, give lectures, hold discussions, etc. Long-term: 2-10 research travel allowance months Roundtrip international airfare, JSPS Award for Eminent Program to invite researchers with distinguished records of As a rule, 1 year maintenance allowance, family 29 Scientists achievement to Japan to offer expert guidance and advice allowance Exchange Program for East Support provided for young Asian researchers to engage in research As a rule, 1 year Up to ¥10 million per project 29 Asian Young at Japanese research institutions Program to strengthen education/research functions of Japanese Global COE Program As a rule, 5 years ¥50-500 million per project 31 universities (JSPS conducts application screening and project evaluation) Support for University Reform To cultivate excellent students with broad vision and rich creativity who will play roles as leaders in various sectors of global society, efforts Leading Programs in Doctoral are advanced to reform university graduate schools by such means As a rule, 7 years Up to ¥200-400 million per year 32 Education as instituting world-accredited degree programs and implementing master’s-doctoral cohesive, discipline-overarching course curricula. Program for Enhancing Prioritized support for excellent, systematic graduate education Systematic Education in initiatives by universities (JSPS conducts application screening and 3 years Up to ¥40 million per year 32 Graduate Schools project evaluation) Program to contribute to raising and guaranteeing the quality of higher Program for Promoting education in Japan (JSPS conducts application screening and project 2-3 years Up to ¥20 million per year 33 University Education Reform evaluation) Prioritized support given for establishing internationalization hubs that Project for Establishing raise the quality of education, provide an environment that makes it easy University Network for University-Industry for overseas students to study in Japan, network core internationalization As a rule, 5 years ¥220 million per project 34 Internationalization （“Global Cooperation and universities, and strengthen linkage with the industrial sector. (JSPS 30”） Research Program Scientific Outreach conducts application screening and project evaluation)

Education Division Prioritized support given for programs that strengthen the international reach of Japanese universities, accomplished by Re-inventing Japan Project As a rule, 5 years Up to ¥80 million per project 35 building higher-education networks with countries of Asia and the US. (JSPS conducts application screening and project evaluation) Concentrated support for a program to establish research centers of World Premier International the highest world level (JSPS conducts application screening, project As a rule, 10 years ¥1.4 billion per project 36 Research Center Initiative evaluation and program administration) Program for Promoting Social Social science research conducted with aim to solve near-future Science Research Aimed problems facing Japan (JSPS conducts project evaluation and 3-5 years Up to ¥27.3 million per project 37 at Solutions of Near-Future program administration) Problems Awards of Recognition Making use of various materials on Japan that exist overseas, Japan

Support for University Reform—Enhancing the Quality of University Research and the Quality of University Reform—Enhancing Support University for Japan Studies Based on studies are advanced by unearthing and investigating sources of new 3 years ¥8.45 million per project 37

Ⅳ. Ⅳ. International Collaboration information and knowledge. (JSPS conducts application screening, project evaluation and program administration) Japan-China Medical Medically related joint research funded by Dainippon Sumitomo Joint research: Up Joint research: Up to ¥2.5 million Asian Program 39 Exchange Pharma and Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. to 2 years per year Division University-Industry Fujita Memorial Fund for Research grants for young researchers in surgical medicine, Cooperation and 1 year ¥1 million per project 39 Medical Research endowed by Fujita Memorial Fund for Medical Research Research Program Division University-Industry Program for Publication of Tools are developed for openly disseminating excellent Japanese Cooperation and Noteworthy Contributions to research results across the full spectrum of scientific fields to both 39 Research Program Science and Technology specialists and members of the general public. Science Systems Research Center for Division Contributions collected under JSPS’s status as “special public- interest promotion Proxy Collection of Funds to corporation”: within JSPS act as proxy for organizers of international scientific meetings, Accounting Support Holding International 2 years 39 using its tax-exempt status in raising funds to hold such meetings Division Scientific Meetings Contributions Scientific Outreach collected as Ⅴ. Ⅴ. specified tax-exempt donations: within 1 year Appendix HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI Visits to research labs by 5/6th grade elementary and junior/senior During period from SCIENCE (Welcome to a high school students to learn directly from frontline researchers and late July to late Research Aid Division University Research Lab— Up to ¥500,000 per program 40 through hands-on experience about leading-edge research being January each fiscal Ⅰ , Ⅱ Science that Inspires and carried out with Grants-in-Aid. year Inspirits)

Opportunities provided to JSPS fellows to serve as volunteer Cost of teaching materials, Overseas Fellowship Science Dialogue Program Ongoing 40 lecturers at Japanese high schools domestic travel Division

47 JSPS 2011-2012

Appendix List of JSPS’s Overseas Counterpart Institutions (88 institutions in 45 countries and 2 international organizations)

Fellowships Bilateral Programs Multilateral Research Country Counterpart Institution Invitation Postdoctoral Researcher and Other Projects/ Region Fellowship Fellowship Exchanges Programs Seminars Bangladesh University Grants Commission (UGC) ○ ○ China Scholarship Council (CSC) ○ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) ○ Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ○ ○ ○ China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) ○ ○ Ministry of Education (MOE) ○ ○ Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) ○ ○ National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ○ ○ Department of Science and Technology (DST) ○ ○ ○ India Indian National Science Academy (INSA) ○ Asia Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministryof National Education (DGHE) ○ ○ Indonesia Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) ○ ○ Korea, Rep. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ○ ○ ○ Malaysia Vice-Chancellors’ Council of National Universities in Malaysia (VCC) ○ Mongolia Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (MECS) ○ Philippines Department of Science and Technology (DOST) ○ ○ Singapore National University of Singapore (NUS) ○ ○ Thailand National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) ○ ○ Vietnam Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) ○ ○ Australian Academy of Science (AAS) ○ ○ ○ Australia Australian Research Council (ARC) ○ ○ Ministry of Science and Innovation(MSI) ○ Oceania New Zealand Royal Society of New Zealand (RSNZ) ○ ○ ○ ○ Egypt Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) ○ ○ Kenya National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) ○

Africa South Africa National Research Foundation (NRF) ○ Tunisia Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) ○ Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH) ○ ○ Austria Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ○ Federal Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF) ○ Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (F.R.S.-FNRS) ○ ○ Belgium Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO) ○ ○ Bulgaria Ministry of Education, Youth and Science of Bulgaria (MEYS) ○ ○ Czech Rep. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) ○ ○ ○ Denmark Universities Denmark (DU) ○ ○ Europe Estonia Estonian Science Foundation (ETF) ○ Finland Academy of Finland (AF) ○ ○ ○ French National Research Agency (ANR) ○ ○ Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS) ○ France Miniistry of Foreign and European Affairs (MAEE) ○ ○ Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MESR) ○ National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

48 Central/South America North America Europe Region Organizations International Netherlands Netherlands Organisationfor Netherlands ScientificResearch(NWO) Netherlands wteln SwissNationalScienceFoundation (SNSF) Switzerland retn NationalCouncilofScientificand Technological Research(CONICET) Argentina Germany oai NationalAuthority for ScientificResearch(NASR) Romania Country Hungary Slovenia Ministry ofHigherEducation,Scienceand Ministry Technology (MHEST) Slovenia lvkaSlovak Academy ofSciences(SAS) Slovakia Sweden Canada owyResearchCouncilofNorway (RCN) Norway eioNationalCouncilonScience and Technology(CONACYT) Mexico oadPolish Academy ofSciences(PAN) Poland France usaRussianFoundation for BasicResearch(RFBR) Russia U.S.A. pi SpanishNationalResearchCouncil(CSIC) Spain Brazil Chile Italy UK (CAPES) Brazilian Federal andEvaluation Agencyfor ofGraduate Education Support Canadian InstitutesofHealthResearch(CIHR) Alexander von HumboldtFoundation (AvH) Italian Ministry ofUniversity andResearch(MUR) Italian Ministry (CONICYT) Chilean NationalCommissionfor Scientificand Technological Research European ScienceFoundation (ESF) National Institutefor Agricultural Research(INRA) United NationsUniversity (UNU) Social ScienceResearchCouncil(SSRC) National ScienceFoundation (NSF) National InstitutesofHealth(NIH) National CancerInstitute(NCI) ResearchCouncilofCanada(NSERC) Natural SciencesandEngineering National ResearchCouncilCanada(NRC) Science & Technology Facilities Council(STFC) The Royal Society Research CouncilsUK(RCUK) andPhysicalEngineering SciencesResearchCouncil(EPSRC) Economic andSocialResearchCouncil(ESRC) Council British Swedish Governmental Agencyfor Innovation Systems(VINNOVA) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research(SSF) National ResearchCouncilofItaly(CNR) ScholarshipBoard(HSB) Hungarian ResearchFoundationGerman (DFG) (DAAD) AcademicExchangeService German Council for theLindauNobelLaureateMeetings National InstituteofHealthandMedicalResearch(INSERM) National Institutefor ResearchinComputerScienceandControl(INRIA) Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences(RSAS) The British AcademyThe British Hungarian AcademyHungarian ofSciences(HAS) National Academy ofSciences(NAS) Counterpart Institution Counterpart Fellowship Invitation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ elwhp BilateralPrograms Fellowships Postdoctoral Fellowship ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Researcher Exchanges JSPS 2011 ○ ○ ○ ○ Seminars Research Projects/ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Multilateral and Other Programs ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ - 2012

Appendix

Initiatives

of Researchers of

Science Systems Science

Support for Research Research for Support

International Collaborations International Support for University Reform University for Support Scientific Outreach Scientific Awards of Recognition of Awards Fostering Next Generation Generation Next Fostering Research Center for for Center Research JSPS 2011-2012

Support for University Internationalization by JSPS Appendix Overseas Offices JSPS operates ten liaison offices in nine countries, whose functions include proactive implementation of the following: (1) Liaising Map of JSPS Overseas Offices and with overseas counterpart research-promotion organizations; (2) Counterpart Institutions holding symposiums; (3) supporting the overseas outreach activities of Japanese universities; (4) coordinating with alumni networks formed among former JSPS program participants; (5) disseminating information on scientific trends in Japan and gathering similar information from host countries; and (6) supporting researchers doing fieldwork.

Joint Use of JSPS Overseas Offices The offices provide an overseas foothold in support of efforts by Japanese universities to expand their international bases and activities by allowing JSPS Stockholm Office JSPS Bonn Office Denmark (DU) JSPS Strasbourg Office JSPS London Office Norway (RCN) Sweden (RSAS, VINNOVA, SSF) JSPS Beijing Office Netherlands Germany (AvH, Council for the India (INSA, DST) (NWO) Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, DAAD, DFG) Belgium Mongolia (MECS) (FWO, F.R.S.-FNRS) Finland (AF) JSPS San Francisco Office Bangladesh (UGC) United Kingdom Estonia (ETF) (Royal Society, British Poland (PAN) China Academy, British Council, Russia (RFBR) (CAS, CASS, MOE, CSC, CAMS, NSFC, MOST) Canada EPSRC, RCUK, STFC, ESRC) (NSERC, NRC, CIHR) France (CNRS, INSERM, INRA, Czech Rep. (ASCR) Korea, Rep. (NRF) U.S.A. MAEE, MESR, INRIA, IHÉS, ANR) Austria (BMWF, OeAD-GmbH, FWF) (NSF, SSRC, NCI, NIH, NAS) Slovakia (SAS) Switzerland (SNSF) Hungary (HAS, HSB) ESF JSPS TOKYO UN (UNU) JSPS Washington Office Spain (CSIC) Mexico (CONACYT) Tunisia (MHESR) Vietnam (VAST) Italy (CNR, MUR) Thailand (NRCT) Egypt (MHESR) Slovenia (MHEST) Philippines (DOST) Bulgaria (MEYS) Malaysia (VCC) Romania (NASR) Singapore (NUS)

JSPS Cairo Research Station Indonesia (DGHE, LIPI) JSPS Nairobi Research Station Kenya (NCST)

JSPS Bangkok Office Brazil (CAPES) South Africa (NRF) Chile (CONICYT)

Australia (AAS, ARC) Argentina (CONICET) New Zealand (MSI, RSNZ)

Directors of Overseas Offices

Kozo Hiramatsu Yoichi Nakatani Keiichi Kodaira Yoshiaki Fujii So Hasegawa Soichiro Shiraishi Wataru Takeuchi Mamoru Sasaki Seishi Takeda Hirotaka Sugawara London Office Strasbourg Office Bonn Office Stockholm Office Cairo Research Nairobi Research Bangkok Office Beijing Office San Francisco Washington Office Station Station Office 50 JSPS 2011-2012

their researchers and staffs to use the office facilities during their stays a study and compile a report on a selected theme regarding international in the host countries. Providing these services are JSPS’s offices in academic exchange. Washington DC, San Francisco, Bonn, London, Stockholm, Bangkok,

Beijing, Cairo and Nairobi. Support offered to universities by them include Initiatives Support for Research the following activities: (1) Holding symposiums in the host country, (2) conducting international collaborations, such as joint research or researcher exchanges, with local universities, (3) doing follow-up activities to maintain or further develop relationships with local universities, and (4) carrying out PR or information-gathering activities.

Overseas Internships for University Administrative Staffs

Yet another function of JSPS’s overseas offices is to train international of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Japanese-German Symposium (Germany, May 2011) exchange specialists among the staffs of Japan’s national universities by To celebrate the 150 years of Japan-German Friendship, the German providing them with internships for acquiring experience in carrying out JSPS Club held a symposium together with the German Research international programs. During their internships, they are required to make Foundation (DFG). JSPS Stockholm Office JSPS Bonn Office Denmark (DU) JSPS Strasbourg Office JSPS London Office Norway (RCN)

Sweden (RSAS, VINNOVA, SSF) JSPS Beijing Office International Collaborations Netherlands Germany (AvH, Council for the India (INSA, DST) (NWO) Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, DAAD, DFG) Belgium Mongolia (MECS) (FWO, F.R.S.-FNRS) Finland (AF) JSPS San Francisco Office Bangladesh (UGC) United Kingdom Estonia (ETF) (Royal Society, British Poland (PAN) China Academy, British Council, (CAS, CASS, MOE, CSC, CAMS, NSFC, MOST) Canada Russia (RFBR) Support for University Reform EPSRC, RCUK, STFC, ESRC) (NSERC, NRC, CIHR) France (CNRS, INSERM, INRA, Czech Rep. (ASCR) Korea, Rep. (NRF) U.S.A. MAEE, MESR, INRIA, IHÉS, ANR) Austria (BMWF, OeAD-GmbH, FWF) (NSF, SSRC, NCI, NIH, NAS) Slovakia (SAS) Switzerland (SNSF) Hungary (HAS, HSB) ESF JSPS TOKYO UN (UNU) JSPS Washington Office Spain (CSIC) Mexico (CONACYT) Tunisia (MHESR) Vietnam (VAST) Italy (CNR, MUR) Thailand (NRCT) Scientific Outreach Egypt (MHESR) Slovenia (MHEST) Philippines (DOST) Bulgaria (MEYS) Malaysia (VCC) Romania (NASR) Singapore (NUS)

JSPS Cairo Research Station Indonesia (DGHE, LIPI) Awards of Recognition JSPS Nairobi Research Station Kenya (NCST)

JSPS Bangkok Office Brazil (CAPES) South Africa (NRF) Chile (CONICYT)

Australia (AAS, ARC) Argentina (CONICET) New Zealand (MSI, RSNZ) Science Systems Research Center for

Directors of Overseas Offices Appendix

Appendix

Researchers Exchanged from 2008-2010

Foreign Researchers Invited to Japan Japanese Researchers Sent Abroad Program Invitation Fellowships Postdoctoral Bilateral/Multilateral Total Fellowships for Bilateral/Multilateral Total FY Short-term Long-term Fellowships and Other Programs Research Abroad and Other Programs Region/Country 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 Total 294 288 258 102 102 102 1,582 1,515 1,413 4,123 3,873 3,661 6,101 5,778 5,434 304 313 318 5,780 6,322 8,131 6,084 6,635 8,449 Bangladesh 3 3 3 5 3 3 96 93 73 14 11 21 118 110 100 10 7 17 10 7 17 Bhutan 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 6 1 6 Brunei 1 1 2 1 1 2 Cambodia 1 1 1 8 7 12 9 8 13 2 23 19 2 23 19 China 28 29 19 14 13 16 306 291 248 759 723 677 1,107 1,056 960 1 1 920 835 940 921 836 940 India 17 16 12 12 6 10 106 93 91 145 171 160 280 286 273 145 133 115 145 133 115 Indonesia 1 2 1 2 32 26 18 144 168 161 177 196 182 118 128 172 118 128 172 Iran 2 3 1 16 17 13 1 6 2 19 26 16 1 4 1 4 Iraq 1 1 Israel 1 7 6 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 4 8 8 14 16 1 1 2 7 2 2 7 Jordan 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Korea, Rep 8 5 6 6 8 6 65 75 62 975 678 610 1,054 766 684 1 1 1,100 1,009 808 1,101 1,010 808 Kuwait 1 1 Lebanon 1 1 Laos 1 1 5 8 18 6 9 18 4 16 17 4 16 17 Malaysia 1 8 9 6 100 104 76 109 113 82 140 104 77 140 104 77 Mongolia 3 1 3 9 16 15 12 17 18 4 12 33 4 12 33 Myanmar 4 3 7 8 6 11 8 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 Asia Nepal 1 1 9 11 14 5 9 10 14 21 25 5 5 24 5 5 24 Pakistan 15 10 11 3 3 15 13 14 Palestine 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 82 1 82 1 Philippines 2 2 11 10 8 50 50 53 61 62 63 82 60 96 82 60 96 Qatar 1 1 Saudi Arabia 2 2 1 1 Singapore 1 1 3 3 49 65 74 50 68 78 1 1 22 67 105 23 68 105 Sri Lanka 3 2 1 7 9 9 2 4 2 10 16 13 1 3 18 1 3 18 Syria 1 3 3 1 3 3 2 7 11 2 7 11 Taiwan 6 3 1 8 14 44 40 62 44 55 79 56 63 196 56 63 196 Thailand 2 2 3 18 18 19 277 347 287 300 367 306 254 384 293 254 384 293 Turkey 1 2 1 1 2 7 9 10 3 6 3 12 16 17 8 23 9 8 23 9 United Arab 1 1 Emirates Vietnam 1 1 1 24 28 31 156 157 172 182 185 204 121 176 141 121 176 141 Oman 11 11 Yemen 2 2 2 2 Australia 16 16 14 2 2 2 34 38 37 33 45 36 85 101 89 3 7 7 96 116 174 99 123 181 Fiji 1 1 1 1 New Caledonia 1 1 1 1 New Zealand 10 5 7 3 3 6 5 10 23 18 18 36 1 26 26 31 27 26 31 Oceania Papua New Guinea 1 1 1 1 1 1 Algeria 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 Botswana 1 4 1 4 Burkina Faso 1 1 Cameroon 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 2 3 3 Congo(Dem.) 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 Egypt 3 2 2 3 4 5 33 28 23 2 2 5 41 36 35 22 3 32 22 3 32 Ethiopia 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Eritrea 1 1 Ghana 2 3 2 9 2 3 11 1 8 1 8 Gambia 1 1 Guinea 2 2 5 3 5 3 Kenya 2 2 1 6 5 2 6 9 9 14 16 12 44 8 22 44 8 22 ●Foreign Researchers → Japan (FY2010) ●Japanese Researchers → Abroad (FY2010) Libya 1 2 2 1 2 2 Madagascar 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 Russia & NIS 109 North America 418 North America Malawi 1 1 1 1 Russia（88） USA（346） 1,989 Mali 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 4 Ukraine 8 Canada 72 USA 1,832

Africa （）（）（） Mauritania 1 1 1 1 Others（13） Canada（157） Central/South America Morocco 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 Central/South America 94 Mozambique 3 3 36 Chile（36） Nigeria 1 1 1 4 6 6 4 3 7 9 11 13 1 2 1 2 Argentina（12） Argentina（16） Rwanda 1 1 Brazil（11） Others（42） Senegal 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 Others 13 Sierra Leone 1 1 （） South Africa 2 1 1 20 24 29 23 25 29 23 23 19 23 23 19 Sudan 1 1 2 3 1 10 4 2 12 1 5 2 1 5 2 Tanzania 1 2 3 3 1 4 12 4 7 15 3 10 16 3 10 16 Tunisia 4 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 97 30 16 97 30 16 Europe 1,398 Uganda 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 5 2 5 4 2 5 4 Total Total Zambia 1 1 1 1 7 9 7 9 France（436） Mauritius 5 5 Germany（238） 5,434 Russia & NIS 8,449 Austria 1 1 2 8 6 6 16 22 6 25 29 14 1 1 2 22 49 54 23 50 56 UK（142） 114 Belgium 5 2 3 1 6 6 7 17 12 9 29 20 19 3 5 2 24 41 59 27 46 61 Italy（104） Russia（90） Bosnia and Uzbekistan 10 1 1 1 1 Switzerland（69）（） Herzegovina Sweden（58） Others（14） Bulgaria 2 1 2 1 3 1 15 11 7 1 5 2 19 20 12 4 5 4 4 5 4 Poland（50） Croatia 1 2 1 2 2 3 7 3 7 Finland 43 Czech 1 14 12 11 14 29 22 29 41 33 17 42 49 17 42 49 （） Others（258） Cyprus 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Asia 3,180 Europe Denmark 2 1 1 7 4 3 6 11 6 15 16 10 2 2 2 6 12 39 8 14 41 China 960 2,739 Asia Estonia 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 （） Korea, Rep.（684） Germany（567） 3,133 Finland 1 1 2 1 5 5 3 24 28 38 31 34 43 2 50 47 66 50 47 68 Africa 165 Africa Thailand（306） France（525） China（940） France 16 18 22 5 8 5 116 118 120 323 286 289 460 430 436 8 9 11 318 413 514 326 422 525 Egypt（35） 167 Korea, Rep. 808 Europe India（273） UK（503）（） Germany 28 22 22 6 4 1 95 94 90 82 170 125 211 290 238 19 18 21 299 382 546 318 400 567 South Africa（29） Egypt（32） Thailand 293 Greece 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 5 4 7 15 19 18 15 19 18 Vietnam（204） Swizerland（209）（） Others（101） Kenya（22） Taiwan 196 Greenland 1 1 Indonesia（182） Netherlands（148）（） Others 113 Hungary 2 1 3 2 1 2 15 12 7 30 26 20 49 40 32 28 31 53 28 31 53 Oceania 128 Bangladesh（100） Italy（142）（） Indonesia（172） Iceland 3 2 3 2 Australia（89） Malaysia 82 Sweden（113） Vietnam（141）（） Oceania Ireland 1 1 1 1 4 11136111165276 New Zealand（36） Others 389 Spain（70） India（115）（） 213 Itly 7 11 7 3 3 4 40 46 49 54 26 44 104 86 104 2 2 1 100 69 141 102 71 142 Others（3） Others（462） Singapore(105） Kosovo 3 3 Australia（181） Others（363） Latvia 2 2 1 1 New Zealand（31） Lithuania 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 Others（1）

55 JSPS 2011-2012 Appendix Initiatives Support for Research

Macedonia 1 1 of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Netherlands 9 7 4 1 6 4 7 37 25 14 52 36 26 4 3 3 41 59 145 45 62 148 Norway 1 1 3 2 2 1 5 5 2 8 8 6 1 1 1 24 12 17 25 13 18 Poland 5 3 1 1 1 25 22 15 20 31 31 51 54 50 49 24 29 49 24 29 Portugal 1 5 4 4 2 3 2 7 8 6 1 1 4 7 17 4 8 18 Romania 1 1 1 12 5 3 2 1 2 15 7 6 1 1 1 1 Serbia 2 1 2 1 5 5

Europe Serbia and 1 1 2 Montenegro Slovakia 1 2 1 1 8 9 9 11 8 6 20 20 16 10 10 3 10 10 3 Slovenia 1 1 2 1 1 20 13 17 23 15 18 26 25 13 26 25 13 Spain 2 5 2 1 17 21 16 22 17 16 41 43 35 1 32 54 70 33 54 70 Sweden 2 5 6 24 22 21 43 21 31 69 48 58 4 3 3 32 31 110 36 34 113

Switzerland 2 4 5 9 11 12 37 20 52 48 35 69 12 11 9 44 78 200 56 89 209 International Collaborations U.K. 10 19 12 6 5 4 69 61 65 104 76 61 189 161 142 30 26 39 165 232 464 195 258 503 Russia 12 15 10 2 5 3 16 15 13 75 79 62 105 114 88 1 1 102 111 89 102 112 90 Armenia 1 2 1 2 Azerbaijan 1 1 1 1 Belarus 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 Georgia 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 5 4 3 2 2 Kazakhstan 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Russia & NIS Tajikistan 1 6 1 6 Ukraine 2 2 2 2 7 4 5 1 1 1 10 9 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 Uzbekistan 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 8 6 6 10 6 10 Canada 16 11 11 6 7 7 49 44 47 45 20 7 116 82 72 11 10 13 80 72 144 91 82 157 Support for University Reform North North USA 59 41 41 9 9 14 128 120 113 281 204 178 477 374 346 197 209 199 843 1,116 1,633 1,040 1,325 1,832 America Argentina 2 1 3 4 3 4 5 6 5 11 10 12 7 16 7 16 Panama 3 3 Brazil 3 1 2 1 8 3 2 1 9 5 10 14 11 7 6 15 7 6 15 Chile 1 1 17 22 36 17 22 36 Columbia 1 1 1 1 Costa Rica 1 1 Cuba 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Dominican Rep. 1 1 Guatemala 1 1 1 1 Honduras 1 1 2 2 Mexico 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 5 10 3 8 14 8 5 4 13 5 4 13 Paraguay 1 1 2 3 1 Central/South AmericaCentral/South Nicaragua 3 1 3 1 Peru 1 2 2 3 2 5 5

Surinam 1 1 Scientific Outreach Venezuela 1 1 1 1 1 1

●Foreign Researchers → Japan (FY2010) ●Japanese Researchers → Abroad (FY2010) Russia & NIS 109 North America 418 North America Russia 88 USA 346 1,989 （）（） Awards of Recognition Ukraine（8） Canada（72） USA（1,832） Others（13） Canada（157） Central/South America Central/South America 94 36 Chile（36） Argentina（12） Argentina（16） Brazil（11） Others（42） Others（13）

Europe 1,398 France（436） Total Total Germany（238） 5,434 Russia & NIS 8,449 Science Systems Research Center for UK（142） 114 Italy（104） Russia（90） Switzerland（69） Uzbekistan（10） Sweden（58） Others（14） Poland（50） Finland（43） Others（258） Asia 3,180 Europe China（960） 2,739 Asia Korea, Rep.（684） Germany（567） 3,133 Africa 165 Africa Thailand（306） France（525） China（940） Egypt（35） 167 India（273） UK（503） Korea, Rep.（808） South Africa（29） Egypt（32） Thailand 293 Vietnam（204） Swizerland（209）（） Appendix Others（101） Kenya 22 Indonesia（182） Netherlands（148）（） Taiwan（196） Others 113 Oceania 128 Bangladesh（100） Italy（142）（） Indonesia（172） Australia（89） Malaysia 82 Sweden（113） Vietnam（141）（） Oceania New Zealand（36） Others 389 Spain（70） India（115）（） 213 Others（3） Others（462） Singapore(105） Australia（181） Others（363） New Zealand（31） Others（1）