PROSES MASUK DAN PENYEBARAN DAKWAH SUNAN GUNUNG JATI BERSAMA PUTRANYA MAULANA HASANUDDIN NISAUL MAHMUDAH Prodi Ilmu Hadist Ushul

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PROSES MASUK DAN PENYEBARAN DAKWAH SUNAN GUNUNG JATI BERSAMA PUTRANYA MAULANA HASANUDDIN NISAUL MAHMUDAH Prodi Ilmu Hadist Ushul PROSES MASUK DAN PENYEBARAN DAKWAH SUNAN GUNUNG JATI BERSAMA PUTRANYA MAULANA HASANUDDIN NISAUL MAHMUDAH Prodi Ilmu Hadist Ushuluddin Dan Adab UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten ABSTRACT The coming of Islamic scholars as Islamic spreader in Banten must deal with the condition of the people who embarced Hinduismand this article is made to know how the process of entering and spreading islam to Banten by Sunan Gunung Jati (Syarif Hudayatullah) and his son Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin. And the research method of this article uses the available reference analysis research methods from theory, books to previous research. And the conlusion various processes, methods and efforts that have beeb initiated by Sunan Gunung Jati and his son Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin in disseminating Islamic teachings in Banten have succesed in building the Sultanate of Banten, which were then continued by his descendants such as his son Maulana Yusuf. Keywords: the process of entering islam in Banten ABSTRAK Kedatangan ulama sebagai penyebar islam di Banten harus berhadapan dengan kondisi masyarakat yang menganut agama hindu dan artikel ini dibuat untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses masuk dan penyebaran islam ke Banten ole Sunan Gunung Jati (Syarif Hidayatullah) dan juga putranya Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin. Dan metode penelitian artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian analisis referensi yang tersedia mulai dari teori, buku hingga penelitian sebelumnya. Dan kesimpulannya, dari berbagai proses, cara dan upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Sunan Gunung Jati dan putranya Maulana Hasanuddin dalam menyebarkan ajaran islam di Banten telah berhasil membangun kesultanan Bnaten yang kemudian dilanjutkan oleh keturunannya seperti Maulana Yusuf. Kata kunci: proses masuknya islam di banten 1 PENDAHULUAN Banten sebagai nama satu wilayah yang sudah dikenal dan diperkenankan pada abad ke-14. Mula-mula Banten merupakan pelabuhan yang sangat ramai disinggahi kapal dan dikunjungi pedagang dari berbagai wilayah. Pada tahun 1330 orang sudah mengenal sebuah tempat yang saat itu disebut panten yang kemudian wilayah ini dikuasai oleh Majapahit dibawah pimpinan gajah mada dan Hayam Wuruk. Yang ada saat itu Demak dan Majapahit menjadi dua kekuatan terbesar di Nusantara. Pada tahun 1524 sampai 1525 para pedagang islam berdatangan ke banten dan saat itulah dimulai penyebaran Agama Islam di Banten. Sekitar dua abad kemudian berdiri kadipaten Banten di Surosowan pada 8 oktober 1526, dan pada tahun 1552 sampai 1570 Maulana Hasanuddin Banten pertama. 2 PEMBAHASAN A. Sejarah Singkat Banten Kota Banten Girang menurut hasil penelitian Arkeolog dibangun sekitar abad X romawi. Kerajaan yang masih menganut agama Hindu-Budha itu termasuk cukup besar di pulau jawa dengan keraton megah yang dikelilingi parit alam berupa sungai cibanten dan perbentengan kokoh yang terbuat dari tanah. Para Arkeolog luar dan dalam negri yang melakukan penelitian disitus purbakala itu tidak menemukan bukti-bukti kerajaan apa dan siapa raja yang memerintah disana. Dalam penelitian Arkeologi tahun 1988 sampai 1992 disebutkan bahwa Banten sebenarnya pernah berjaya sebelum berdirinya kesultan banten. Tetapi para ilmuwan belum mampu mengungkapakan misteri 6 abad sebelum masuknya agama islam abad XVI.1 Berdasarkan dokumen sejarah masa itu, baik sumber setempat (sejarah banten) maupun sumber asing, di tafsirkan telah ada bukti berdirinya kerajaan banten di Banten Girang. Kemudian kerajaan tersebut ditaklukan Sunan Gunung Jati atau Syarif Hidayatullah bersama putranya Hasanuddin yang memimpin bala tentara Demak pada awal abad XVI2. Setelah ditaklukan pasukan islam dibawah Sunan Gunung Jati, pusat kota dipindahkan dari Banten Girang kearah utara, sekitar 10 KM dari kota serang, disuatu tempat yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Banten Lama3. B. Sejarah Pengebaran Islam di Banten Sebelum Agama Islam berkembang di Banten, masyarakat Banten masih hidup dalam tata cara kehidupan tradisi prasejarah dan dalam abad-abad permulaan masehi ketika agama Hindu berkembang di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peninggalan purbakala dalam bentuk prasasti arca-arca yang bersifat Hiduistik dan banguan keagamaan lainnya. Sumber naskah kuno dari masa pra Islam menyebutkan tentang kehidupan masyarakat yang menganut Hindu. Sekitar permulaan abad ke 16, di daerah pesisir Banten sudah ada sekelompok masyarakat yang menganut agama Islam. Penyebarannya dilakukan oleh salah 1 Lukman hakim fadillah, moh. Ali, banten dalam perjalanan jurnalistik, banten heritage, pandeglang, 2016, hlm. 76. 2 Ibid. 3 Supratikno Rahardjo, dkk, kota banten lama mengelola warisan untuk masa depan, WEDATAMA WIDYA SASTRA, Banten, 2011, hlm. 35. 3 seorang pemimpin Islam yang dikenal sebagai wali berasal dari Cirebon yakni Sunan Gunung Jati dan kemudian dilanjutkan oleh putranya Maulana Hasanudidin untuk menyebarkan secara perlahan-lahan ajaran agama Islam daerah Banten. Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin sangatlah berpengaruh dalam penyebaran Islam di Banten, karna beliau adalah seorang Sultan yg pertama kali menjadi penguasa di kerajaan Islam di Banten, beliau mendirikan Kseultanan Banten, bahkan beliau mendapatkan gelar Pangeran Sabakingking atau Seda Kikin, gelar tersebut di persembahkan dari kakeknya yaitu Prabu Surasowan. Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin adalah putera dari Syaikh Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Djati) dan Nyi Kawunganten (Putri Prabu Surasowan), beliau adalah seorang sultan yang mengerti akan ekonomi dan politik. Prabu Surasowan wafat, namun kini pemerintahan banten di wariskan kepada anaknya, yakni Arya Surajaya (Prabu Pucuk Umun), di mana pada masa itu Arya Surajaya menganut Agama Hindu, pada pemerintahan Arya Surajaya, Syarif Hidayatullah kembali ke Cirebon atas panggilan dari kepengurusan Bupati di Cirebon, karna Pangeran Cakrabuana wafat, Lalu Syarif Hidayatullah di angkat menjadi Bupati di Cirebon sekaligus menjadi Susuhanan Jati. Sedangkan puteranya, Hasanuddin memilih menjadi Guru Agama Islam di Banten, bahkan beliau di kenal memiliki banyak Santri di wilayah Banten, lalu beliau mendapatkan gelar Syaikh menjadi Syaikh Hasanuddin. Meskipun beliau menetap di Banten, namun beliau tetap menjenguk sang Ayah di Cirebon untuk bersilahturahmi, setelah sering bersilahturahmi, beliau mendapatkan tugas dari Ayahnya untuk meneruskan Tugas Sang Ayah yakni menyebarkan Agama Islam di Banten. Setiba di Banten, Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin melanjutkan misi dakwah ayahnya. Bersama para santrinya, beliau berkeliling dari satu daerah ke daerah lainnya, mulai dari Gunung Pulosari, Gunung Karang atau Gunung Lor, hingga ke Pulau Panaitan di Ujung Kulon. Pada masa pemerintahan Prabu Pucuk Umun, hubungan antara Prabu Pucuk Umun dan Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin sangatlah buruk yang tidak di pahami oleh Masyarakat, Prabu Pucuk Umun tetap bersih Kukuh untuk mempertahankan Ajaran Sunda Wiwitan (agama Hindu sebagai agama resmi di Pajajaran) di Banten, namun tidak sedemikian dengan Syaikh Maulan Hasanuddin, beliau terus melanjutkan Dakwahnya dengan Lancar. 4 Namun pada masa itu Prabu Pucuk Umun menantang Syaikh Maulana Hasanuddin untuk berperang, namun bukan berperang untuk duel, namun beradu Ayam, karna jika berperang secara duel akan menimbulkan korban yg banyak, itulah alasan Prabu Pucuk Umun mengapa berperang beradu ayam karna tidak ingin menimbulkan banyak korban. Prabu Pucuk Umun memilih tempat adu kesaktian Ayam di Lereng Gunung Karang, karna di anggap sebagai tempat yang netral, pada waktu yang di tentukan Kedua Pihak pun beramai-ramai mendatangi lokasi, Prabu Pucuk Umun dan Syaikh Maulana Hasanuddin tidak hanya membawa Ayam Jago saja melainkan membawa Pasukan untuk meramaikan dan menyaksikan pertarungan tersebut, bahkan pasukan satu sama lain membawa senjata, karna untuk menghadapi berbagai kemungkinan, Prabu Pucuk Umun membawa Golok yang terselip di pinggangnya dan Tombak yang di genggamnya, namun Syaikh Maulana Hasanuddin hanya membawa sebilah Keris Pusaka milik Ayahnya yakni Sunan Gunung Djati yang di warisi kepada Syaikh Maulana Hasanuddin. Setiba di arena pertarungan, Prabu Pucuk Umun mengambil tempat di tepi utara arena dengan mengenakan pakaian hitam-hitam, rambut gondrong sampai leher, dan mengenakan ikat kepala. Sementara itu, Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin tampak berdiri di sisi selatan arena dengan mengenakan jubah dan sorban putih di kepala. Sebelum pertarungan dimulai, kedua ayam jago dibawa ke tengah arena. Kedua ayam jago tersebut masih berada di dalam kandang anyaman bambu. Ayam jago milik Prabu Pucuk Umun telah diberi ajian otot kawat tulang besi dan di kedua tajinya dipasangi keris berbisa. Sementara ayam milik Maulana Hasanuddin tidak dipasangi senjata apapun, tapi tubuhnya kebal terhadap senjata tajam. Ayam itu telah dimandikan dengan air sumur Masjid Agung Banten. Pada saat ayam itu dimandikan, dibacakan pula ayat-ayat suci Alquran. Konon, ayam jago milik Maulana Hasanuddin adalah penjelmaan salah seorang pengawal sekaligus penasehatnya yang bernama Syekh Muhammad Saleh. Ia adalah murid Sunan Ampel dan tinggal di Gunung Santri di Bojonegara, Serang. Karena ketinggian ilmunya dan atas kehendak Allah, ia mengubah dirinya menjadi ayam jago. Akhirnya pertarungan tersebut di mulai, dari kedua belah pihak saling memberikan semangat kepada jagoannya masig-masing. Tiba-tiba ayam jago Pucuk Umun jatuh terkulai 5 di tanah dan meregang nyawa. Rupanya ayam jago itu terkena tendangan keras ayam jago Maulana Hasanuddin. Pertaruangan itu dimenangkan oleh jago Maulana Hasanuddin. Akhirnya, Syaikh Maulana Hasanuddin memenangkan pertandingan adu ayam itu. Prabu Pucuk Umun pun mengaku kalah.
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