NRA Report Proposal Template

Fauna Assessment Report

Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Threatened and Migratory Species

Lot 4 on Plan SP117921 Kirknie, Queensland

Commonwealth Department of Environment

Document Control Summary

NRA Environmental Consultants F:\AAA\180_DEWH\180015 - MNES Fauna Assessment Ayr- Job No: Burdekin\Rpt\Kirknie\MNES Fauna Assessment_Kirknie_R01.docx Status: Working copy Project Manager: Peter Buosi Fauna Assessment Report: Commonwealth Environment Protection Title: and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Threatened & Migratory Species. Lot 4 on Plan SP117921, Kirknie, Queensland Author/s: Peter Buosi Client: Commonwealth Department of Environment Client Contact: Manny Hernandez, Senior Compliance Officer Date of Issue: 22 April 2016 No. of Copies: 1 PDF Dispatched Via: Email Other Info or Working copy for client review and comment prior to preparation Requirements: of final report.

Report Summary Threatened and Migratory species, Commonwealth Department of Key Words Environment, EPBC Act, Kirknie, Queensland Abstract The clearing of approximately 400 ha of ‘remnant vegetation’ for cropping (sorghum, wheat and/or legumes) is proposed for Lot 4 SP117921. The potential for this development to impact on EPBC Act-listed Threatened or Migratory fauna, or their habitat, is assessed.

Quality Assurance Approved for Issue by Technical Document Author Editor QA Manager Review Version Date Signature Tim Anderson Peter Buosi MAgrSc, BAgrSc Caitlin Harris R01 22/4/16 BAppSc (Hons) (Hons)

© Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd This document is the property of Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 all other rights are reserved. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

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Limitations of this Report

The information in this report is for the exclusive use of Commonwealth Department of Environment, the only intended beneficiary of our work. NRA cannot be held liable for third party reliance on this document. This disclaimer brings the limitations of the investigations to the attention of the reader. The information herein could be different if the information upon which it is based is determined to be inaccurate or incomplete. The results of work carried out by others may have been used in the preparation of this report. These results have been used in good faith, and we are not responsible for their accuracy. The information herein is a professionally accurate account of the site conditions at the time of investigations; it is prepared in the context of inherent limitations associated with any investigation of this type. It has been formulated in the context of published guidelines, field observations, discussions with site personnel, and results of laboratory analyses. NRA’s opinions in this document are subject to modification if additional information is obtained through further investigation, observations or analysis. They relate solely and exclusively to environmental management matters, and are based on the technical and practical experience of environmental practitioners. They are not presented as legal advice, nor do they represent decisions from the regulatory agencies charged with the administration of the relevant Acts. Any advice, opinions or recommendations contained in this document should be read and relied upon only in the context of the document as a whole and are considered current as of the date of this document.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Methods ...... 5 2.1 Desk-based Review ...... 5 2.2 Site Visit ...... 5 3. Results ...... 6 3.1 Landscape Context ...... 6 3.2 Vegetation Types ...... 7 3.3 Threatened and Migratory Fauna ...... 9 4. Discussion – Potential Impacts ...... 11 4.1 Proposed Action and Threats ...... 11 4.2 Potential Impacts on Threatened and Migratory Fauna ...... 12 4.2.1 EPBC Act Migratory-listed Species ...... 12 4.2.2 EPBC Act Threatened Fauna Species ...... 13 5. Conclusion ...... 17 6. References ...... 19

Tables

Table 1: Regional Ecosystems (REs) mapped by the Queensland Government over Lot 4 on Plan SP117921 ...... 8

Table 2: Potential impacts of vegetation clearing associated with the proposed action on the identified Threatened species1 ...... 16

Figures

Figure 1: Location and regional context of proposed cropping areas on Lot 4 on Plan SP117921, Kirknie, Queensland ...... 2

Figure 2: Regional Ecosystem mapping, proposed cropping areas and NRA observation points (March 2016) on Lot 4 Plan SP117921 ...... 3

Figure 3: Location of potential Black-throated Finch habitat and historical sighting records ...... 4

Appendices

Appendix A: Queensland Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning Decision Notice SDA-0415-019831

Appendix B: EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

1. Introduction

The clearing of approximately 400 ha of ‘remnant vegetation’1 for cropping (sorghum, wheat and/or legumes) is proposed for Lot 4 on Plan SP117921, Kirknie, Queensland (Figures 1 & 2). State approval for this activity under the Queensland Sustainable Planning Act 2009 was granted in May 2015 (Appendix A)2. This approved clearing area is hereafter referred to as the ‘cropping area’, and Lot 4 on Plan SP117921 is hereafter referred to as ‘the Lot’. Where necessary, the cropping area is described with reference to the southern, central and northern portions (Figure 3).

NRA Environmental Consultants (NRA) was commissioned by the Commonwealth Department of Environment (DoE) to advise on the potential presence of Threatened or Migratory3 terrestrial fauna or their habitat within the receiving environment of the proposed cropping area, and the potential for the proposed action to impact on these species. The specific scope of works for this assessment is as follows. • Undertake a desk-based review of readily available information, and a site visit. • Identify the known or potential presence of Threatened or Migratory fauna, or their habitat, within the proposed cropping area. • Assess the likelihood of significant impacts on Threatened or Migratory fauna should the proposed action as described in the State approval proceed. • Identify mitigation or avoidance measures (if required) that may reduce the level of impact on Threatened or Migratory fauna to below the significance threshold. • Describe unavoidable impacts and their likelihood to result in a significant impact on Threatened or Migratory fauna. • Report on limitations and assumptions associated with assessments. • Advise on the potential need for further work to address data deficiencies.

1 As defined under the Queensland Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VM Act). 2 Burdekin Shire Council IDAS Number CONS15/0008 being for ‘Material Change of Use – Intensive Agriculture’, and dated 26/05/2015. Queensland Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning (DSDIP) as Concurrence Agency Decision Notice SDA-0415-019831, dated 15/05/2015. 3 As defined under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

NRA Environmental Consultants 1 22 April 2016

Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

2. Methods

The fauna assessment involved a desk-based review of relevant information, and a site visit.

Habitats within and near the proposed clearing area were assessed to determine the potential threats of the proposed action to Threatened and Migratory fauna.

2.1 Desk-based Review Information from the following data sources was used to inform the advice contained in this report. • Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem (Version 8.0) and Broad Vegetation Group mapping. • Regional Ecosystem Description Database. • Results from searches undertaken in April 2016 of the following databases. − EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool. An EPBC Act Protected Matters Report was generated for the area within a 20 km radius of -19.924°, 147.230° (Appendix B). − EHP Wildlife Online Database. A 20 km search radius from -19.924°, 147.230° was applied. − Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) Database. Review of specific species records. • Various published accounts relating to flora and fauna. • NRA 2012. Review of Black-throated Finch (Poephila cincta cincta) Population Data for the Townsville Region. Report prepared by NRA Environmental Consultants for NQ Dry Tropics on behalf of the Black-throated Finch Trust, 19 March 2012. • The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems (Sattler & Williams 1999). • Google Earth imagery.

2.2 Site Visit NRA Principal Ecologist Peter Buosi visited the Lot on 30 March 2016. Peter was accompanied by DoE officers Mathew Dutkiewicz and Claire Kimmings, and the landholder Don Heatley.

Landscape context, habitat types and condition were qualitatively assessed during the site visit. This was achieved by traversing the proposed cropping area and immediate surrounds. The areas visited, as recorded in the track log of a handheld GPS, are shown on Figure 2.

NRA Environmental Consultants 5 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

3. Results

3.1 Landscape Context The cropping area occurs along the western boundary of the Townsville Plains Biogeographic Subregion (syn. Townsville Plains Province) of the Brigalow Belt (North) Bioregion (Figure 1). The biological resources of the cropping area are likely to reflect a gradation of the Townsville Plains Province and the neighbouring Bogie River Hills Province. The Townsville Plains Province predominantly comprises Quaternary alluvial and alluvial plains fringed in the east by coastal and estuarine deposits and in the west by Devonian sediments and igneous rocks (Young et al. 1999). The Bogie River Hills Province was formed by igneous rocks and Permian volcanics and is predominantly an undulating hilly area with duplex and shallow stony soils (Young et al. 1999). The major threats to biodiversity in the bioregion are continued tree clearing, high total grazing pressure and the proliferation of exotic species (Young et al. 1999).

At the local scale, the cropping area occurs along the banks of the Burdekin River (Figure 1). Topography across the cropping area is relatively flat, and the area is approximately 40 m above sea level (ASL). The cropping area occurs on alluvial plains and soil types mapped across the site predominantly comprise sand or loam over sodic clay, or, sand or loam over friable or earthy clay (Thompson et al. 1990).

The cropping area occurs in the Lower Burdekin River Sub-basin, directly adjacent to the Barratta Creek Sub-basin. Water resources on and adjacent to the cropping area include riverine wetlands (Burdekin River) and lacustrine wetlands, the latter includes a constructed dam near the central portion of the cropping area and a section of the Burdekin River (Figure 3). Adjacent to the cropping area the Burdekin River is a 9th order stream and retains permanent pools of water in most years. The dam near the central portion of the cropping area is also likely to hold permanent water in most years. Alligator Creek occurs a few hundred metres west of the cropping area, and ranges between a 2nd order stream near the southern portion of the cropping area and a 4th order stream near the northern portion of the cropping area. This stream is likely to support ephemeral flows and retain pools long into the dry season of most years.

At the regional scale, the historical extent of habitat loss is high, especially on the low lying plains to the north of the Lot (the Barratta Creek Sub-basin, and part of the Burdekin River delta). This habitat loss is quantified as follows4. • Approximately 21% loss of remnant vegetation cover in the Bogie River Hills Province and approximately 30% loss in the Townsville Plains Province. • Approximately 12% loss of remnant vegetation cover in the Lower Burdekin River Sub- basin and approximately 46% loss in the Barratta Creek Sub-basin.

The nearest protected areas are over 40 km to the north-west (Bowling Green Bay National Park and Mingela State Forest). Cattle grazing is the predominant land use on the Lot and on surrounding lands.

4 Estimates derived from Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem (Version 8.0) map data.

6 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

3.2 Vegetation Types Vegetation types, as represented by Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem (REs) mapping5, present on the cropping area, that are proposed to be cleared, and on the Lot are described in Table 1. The spatial extents of these REs over the Lot are shown on Figure 2. The mapping indicates that the majority (approximately 90%) of the Lot contains remnant vegetation cover and the proposed vegetation clearing will reduce the extent of remnant vegetation cover by approximately 3.5%6.

Habitat condition7 across the cropping area ranges from highly modified/degraded (ie low level of integrity) to substantially intact (ie high level of integrity), and is described as follows with reference to the southern, central and northern portions of the cropping area (Figure 3). • Northern portion (RE11.3.7/RE11.3.9; Figure 2 & 3). This area is west of a power line easement and covers approximately 129 ha. The habitat in this area is highly modified/degraded with the shrub and ground stratums generally dominated by non- native plants. Grass coverage is mostly sparse, with forbs dominating the ground layer. The sparse coverage of tall, and often hollow-bearing, Eucalypts (Eucalyptus platyphylla, Corymbia erythrophloia, C. clarksoniana and C. tesselaris) are one of the most notable habitat resources to persist in this area. These trees may provide tree hollows/cavities (eg for roosting), shelter and foraging resources. • Central portion (RE11.3.30/RE11.3.35; Figure 2 & 3). This area is east of a power line easement and covers approximately 233 ha. The habitat in this area is in generally good condition. Most areas are structurally intact, contained their diagnostic plant assemblages and weed ingress is generally low. The ground stratum is mid-dense to dense and dominated by a variety of native grasses. The tree layer contains a sparse coverage of Eucalypts, some of which are hollow-bearing. As described above these trees provide a variety of resources for fauna. • Southern portion (RE11.3.30/11.3.35, Figure 2 & 3). This area covers approximately 37 ha and is bisected by an unsealed vehicle track. The habitat in this area is partially intact (cf its natural/undisturbed state). There are signs of attrition in the tree and shrub layers, and there are large patches where non-native forbs and/or grasses dominate the ground layer. Without specific intervention the habitat is possibly on a trajectory away from its natural state. The tree layer contained a sparse coverage of hollow-bearing Eucalypts (E. platyphylla and C. clarksoniana present), though a reduced diversity to what occurs in the central portion of the cropping area. The habitat resources provided by these trees are as described above.

The above observations of habitat type and condition are based on a half-day site visit and non-stratified sampling. The net sampling effort is considered low and has provided a coarse-level appreciation of the types and condition of habitats present, though sufficient to assist with the interpretation of Queensland Government vegetation mapping data.

5 Based on Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem (Version 8.0) mapping. 6 After the State-approved clearing is complete, remnant vegetation cover will account for approximately 86.5% of the site. 7 Assessed qualitatively and with consideration of vegetation community structure and floristics, degree of weed ingress (in each structural layer) and degree of physical disturbance.

NRA Environmental Consultants 7 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

Table 1: Regional Ecosystems (REs) mapped by the Queensland Government over Lot 4 on Plan SP117921 Approximate Remnant Vegetation Cover (ha)1 RE Code Short Description Proposed Lot 4 Clearing Area SP117921 11.3.7 Corymbia spp. woodland on alluvial plains 80.01 169.43 11.3.9 Eucalyptus platyphylla, Corymbia spp. woodland on 80.01 628.04 alluvial plains 11.3.12 Melaleuca viridiflora M. argentea +/- M. dealbata Nil 152.47 woodland on alluvial plains 11.3.25 Eucalyptus tereticornis or E. camaldulensis woodland Nil 523.54 fringing drainage lines 11.3.25b Riverine wetland or fringing riverine wetland. Melaleuca leucadendra and/or M. fluviatilis, Nauclea orientalis open forest. A range of other canopy or sub- canopy tree species also occur including Pandanus tectorius, Livistona spp., Eucalyptus tereticornis, Corymbia tessellaris, Millettia pinnata, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Livistona decora, Lophostemon 0.55 32.80 suaveolens or L. grandiflorus, rainforest species and, along drainage lines, Eucalyptus camaldulensis or E. tereticornis. A ground layer of tall grasses such as Chionachne cyathopoda, Mnesithea rottboellioides or Heteropogon triticeus may be present. Often occurs on coarse sand spits and levees within larger river channels. 11.3.25f Riverine wetland or fringing riverine wetland. Main river channels. Open water or exposed stream beds and bars. Usually devoid of emergent vegetation although scattered trees and shrubs such as Melaleuca viminalis 2.20 67.54 or Melaleuca spp. May be present and aquatic species may be abundant particularly in water holes and lagoons. Occurs on river channels. 11.3.29a 11.3.29: Eucalyptus crebra, E. exserta, Melaleuca spp. woodland on alluvial plains Nil 49.71 11.3.29a: Eucalyptus crebra +/- Corymbia dallachiana +/- C. erythrophloia, E. moluccana woodland. 11.3.30 Eucalyptus crebra, Corymbia dallachiana woodland on 117.99 737.99 alluvial plains 11.3.31 Ophiuros exaltatus, Dichanthium spp. grassland on Nil 306.05 alluvial plains 11.3.34 Acacia tephrina woodland on alluvial plains Nil 433.81 11.3.35 Eucalyptus platyphylla, Corymbia clarksoniana 117.99 737.99 woodland on alluvial plains 11.12.1 Eucalyptus crebra woodland on igneous rocks Nil 4,407.94 11.12.4 Semi-evergreen vine thicket and microphyll vine forest Nil 651.79 on igneous rocks 11.12.9 Eucalyptus platyphylla woodland on igneous rocks Nil 1,318.47 11.12.10 Corymbia clarksoniana woodland on igneous rocks Nil 136.22 non-rem N/A 1,268.57 water N/A 4.34 TOTAL 398.74 11,626.69 1: Based on Queensland Government Regional Ecosystem (Version 8.0) mapping. Where there were mixed polygons the percent cover attribute of the RE data was used to calculate the extents of each RE.

8 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

3.3 Threatened and Migratory Fauna Database searches identified several Threatened or Migratory fauna species either known to occur in the general area or for which suitable habitat is present. The EPBC Act Protected Matters Report (PMR) is of specific interest and is provided in Appendix B. Based on habitats observed on the cropping area and immediate surrounds, and information relating to species ecology and distribution, the following fauna listed in the PMR have the potential to occur on, or in the direct receiving environment of, the cropping area. • Threatened species. − Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus) – Critically Endangered EPBC Act. The species’ ecology and distribution is poorly known. In north-eastern Queensland the Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (BrS Bat) is thought to predominantly occur within approximately 40 km of the coast; this situates the Lot along the western extremity of its supposed distribution. It has been recorded foraging above habitats similar to that which occurs in the cropping area, and has been recorded roosting in the hollows of tree species present in the cropping area. It is considered a possible presence on the Lot and in the cropping area. − Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robertsi; syn. R. philipinensis) – Endangered EPBC Act. Knowledge of the species distribution is incomplete; however, Townsville is thought to be the southern limit of its range. This situates the Lot approximately 50 km south of its supposed distribution. Outlier populations of this species occur (eg Chillagoe), and it’s possible that the species occurs further south than currently thought. Suitable habitat (foraging and roosting) occurs on and adjacent to the Lot, notably in forests along the Burdekin River (RE11.3.25, RE11.3.25d,f) and vine thickets (RE11.12.4) on hills and ranges to the west of the cropping area (on and adjacent to the Lot; Figure 2). Woodland habitats adjacent to these forests and vine thickets may also comprise suitable foraging and roosting habitat. It is considered a possible presence on the Lot and in the cropping area. − Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) - Endangered EPBC Act. A wide-ranging species, and sparsely populated when present. The Lot and general landscape contains suitable foraging habitat, and tall trees along the Burdekin River may provide nesting resources. Skull & Kutt (1995) report seeing a Red Goshawk on Strathalbyn Station to the south of the cropping area. Czechura et al. (2010) suggest that the species’ range has contracted in north-east Queensland in response to extensive deforestation along the highly settled parts of the coast. Birds may remain in the region and on occasion forage in habitats on the Lot, including the cropping area. Birds are a major component of the Red Goshawk diet and this prey assemblage is likely to be most abundant in areas of higher quality habitat; therefore, the central portion of the cropping area (Figure 3) is potentially good quality foraging habitat whereas the other portions are comparatively poor quality foraging habitat. The cropping area is not likely to contain suitable nesting sites. It is considered a possible presence on the Lot and in the cropping area. − Black-throated Finch (Poephila cincta cincta) - Endangered EPBC Act. Species distribution in the region is poorly known, though likely to have declined markedly in response to historical clearing and changes in land use. Species records for the area within 25 km of the Lot are shown on Figure 3; the exact locations of the sightings have been masked due to the sensitivity of the information. Regional Ecosystems in which the Black-throated Finches (BTFs) have been seen include RE11.3.7, RE11.3.9, RE11.3.30 and RE11.3.35. The extents of these REs on the Lot and on surrounding lands are shown on Figure 3 and provide a general indication of where BTF habitat may occur, or formerly occurred. The plant species composition and condition of the ground stratum will strongly influence the suitability of these

NRA Environmental Consultants 9 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

areas for BTF, and this can only be confirmed via field surveys8. Based on observations made during the site visit the central portion of the cropping area (Figure 3) contains suitable habitat (foraging and nesting) for the BTF; this area covers approximately 233 ha (58%) of the cropping area. As described in Section 3.2, habitats in this section of the cropping area9 are in good condition. An incomplete understanding of contemporary regional species distribution and habitat condition makes it difficult to predict BTF presence on the Lot and in the cropping area; however, it is considered a possible presence in these areas. • Migratory species. − Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus) and White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus). Both species may forage on the wing above the Lot and cropping area, especially during the wet season. − Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus). Likely to occur on the Lot and cropping area where it is likely to forage above a variety of habitats. − Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). Likely to be present in the Burdekin River adjacent to the Lot. − Black-faced Monarch (Monarcha melanopsis), and Rufous Fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons). Potentially an irregular and temporary visitor to the Lot during the cooler months where it may forage in the riparian forest along the Burdekin River and immediately adjacent woodland areas (including woodlands in the cropping area). Likely to use vine thicket habitats on the hills and ranges to the east of the cropping area. − Oriental Cuckoo (Cuculus optatus). Probably an uncommon visitor to the region, and usually in the wet season. It may be a sporadic and temporary visitor to the Lot, foraging in a variety of wooded habitats, including the cropping area. − Eastern Great Egret (Ardea alba) and Cattle Egret (Ardea ibis). Both species are likely to frequent wetlands and the edges of wetlands along the Burdekin River (adjacent to the Lot) and farm dams. Cattle Egrets may also range across the Lot, especially during the wet season. With respect to the above EPBC Act-listed Migratory species, the Lot is not likely to contain ‘important habitat’ or ‘support an ecologically significant proportion of the population’ as defined under the Matters of National Environmental Significance Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 (DoE 2013; hereafter Significant Impact Guidelines).

In addition to the fauna species listed above, there is a remote chance that the Endangered (EPBC Act) Northern Quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) and Vulnerable Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) may be present in the region. If the Northern Quoll is present, core areas of habitat are likely to be centred on the hills and ranges to the east and west of the Lot. The cropping area is not likely to contain core habitat; though if Northern Quolls remain in hills to the east then they may occasionally range across the cropping area. Koalas have been historically recorded in the region (eg Lavery and Johnson 1974) though they were probably always uncommon in this area. Koalas may be very sporadic visitors to the Lot.

Although its presence was not identified in the PMR, the southern subspecies of Squatter Pigeon (Geophaps scripta scripta) is present in the region, and is likely to be present on the Lot and use habitats in the cropping area. This species is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. Like the BTF, the Squatter Pigeon prefers lightly grassed woodlands near water. The Lot is not likely to support an ‘important population’ of the species as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013).

8 The implication being that the mapping is indicative of where BTF habitat may occur. 9 Described in Section 3.2 as the central portion of the cropping area.

10 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

4. Discussion – Potential Impacts

4.1 Proposed Action and Threats NRA understands that the proposed action involves the development of a dryland cropping area (sorghum, wheat and/or legumes) and will require the clearing of approximately 400 ha of remnant vegetation. The proposed action may involve the following activities. a) Vegetation clearing and earthworks (eg levelling ground surface and removing obstructions such as large rocks). b) The development of supporting services (roads, tracks and infrastructure associated with the proposed land use). c) Cultivation and harvesting activities. d) The use of fertilisers, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides. e) Control (lethal and non-lethal) of native and non-native fauna that directly feed on crops or indirectly damage crops through their activities. Specific details on the activities described above were not available.

The above activities pose the following direct and indirect threats to native fauna. • Direct threats comprise the loss of habitat (and subsequent displacement of wildlife), direct mortality during clearing and excavation works, and direct mortality due to ‘pest’ control programs. With respect to habitat loss, it is the loss of core, limiting, or critical habitat that poses the greatest direct threat. Many habitats of northern Australia are fire prone and therefore supporting or marginal habitats may also be important when core, limiting or critical habitats are unavailable. • Indirect threats are those secondary threats that may occur as a result of the proposed action. Their impacts may extend beyond the development footprint and may include the following. − Sedimentation and contamination of waterways resulting in reduced water quality and/or reduced dry season water levels. − Alteration of surface hydrology (ie changing drainage, the locations where surface water occurs and the inundation period for surface waters). − Habitat alteration and degradation as a result of weed ingress and large scale ground disturbance. − Introduction of non-native fauna (vertebrates and invertebrates) that prey on, exclude or compete with native fauna. − Secondary poisoning of wildlife due to ‘pest’ control programs (lethal or sub-lethal impacts). − Increased levels of habitat fragmentation ie changed fauna behaviours in response to human presence and/or physical habitat loss.

The fauna species (and populations) that are potentially most vulnerable to the direct and indirect threats (and resulting impacts) are those that: • are permanent, frequent or regular inhabitants of the site • are sensitive to the threats posed by the action10 • have core, limiting or critical habitat within the receiving environment of impact.

The potential impacts of the proposed action on Threatened and Migratory fauna are discussed in the following sections.

10 Due to biology (including life history), behaviour and/or population size.

NRA Environmental Consultants 11 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

4.2 Potential Impacts on Threatened and Migratory Fauna The receiving environment associated with the proposed action includes wetland (riverine, lacustrine and palustrine) and terrestrial (predominantly alluvial plains) habitats. These habitats are situated near the boundary of two bioregional provinces, and in a relatively flat section of landscape though with direct connectivity to hills and ranges. Such areas are typically rich in natural resources and support diverse and abundant populations of wildlife. The more permanent wetlands and hilly areas (to the east and west of the cropping area) may act as a refuge, buffering the impacts of certain disturbance events11 and climatic extremes. Many fauna species are likely to benefit from this refuge,12 and these refuge habitats also increase the potential presence of relict populations of certain Threatened fauna.

The proposed action will degrade the above-described values, with the degree of degradation dependent upon the relevant species or value. The proposed action will decrease the level of east-west connectivity in this ecologically important part of the landscape. Habitats in the northern and central portions of the cropping area are one of the last remaining links between forests/woodlands on the eastern bank of the Burdekin River (part of the Bogie River Province) and forests/woodlands on the western bank (part of the Townsville Plains Province). Due to historical clearing no such connectivity exists downstream, and the nearest patches of east-west connectivity are 20 km and 40 km upstream. These upstream areas are much further removed from the more fertile environments of the Burdekin River delta, the implication being that the landscapes values in these upstream areas probably differ to that on and near the Lot.

Threatened and Migratory species that may occur in the direct receiving environment of the proposed action are described in Section 3.3. The potential impacts of the proposed action on these species are discussed below.

4.2.1 EPBC Act Migratory-listed Species Potential impacts on the following Migratory-listed species are likely to be minor. The basis for this assessment is summarised below. • The following species utilise habitats and resources that will largely be unaffected by proposed works: Fork-tailed Swift, White-throated Needletail and Rainbow Bee-eater. • The presence of Oriental Cuckoo within the cropping area is likely to be so sporadic that they are not likely to be significantly affected by proposed works. • Core habitat for the Black-faced Monarch and Rufous Fantail (riparian forest and vine thicket) will not be directly impacted by the proposed action. These species may also forage in woodland habitats adjacent to riparian forests and vine thickets, including woodlands in the cropping area. This magnitude and spatial arrangement of habitat loss is not likely to result in negative impacts13 that are measureable at the population scale for these species.

The potential impacts on the Estuarine Crocodile, Eastern Great Egret and Cattle Egret are difficult to assess based on available information. The main uncertainty is in relation to the potential impacts on surface water quality14 and occurrence. Given the relatively small scale

11 For example, buffering the impacts of fire and heavy grazing. 12 In certain circumstances refugia may help prevent local fauna species extinctions. 13 For example, reductions in population abundance or viability, and/or habitat connectivity. 14 Erosion and sedimentation is a project-related threat to water quality. The State approval document requires that erosion and sediment control measures be implemented. The controls must include, but not be limited to: (a) Avoiding clearing and other soil disturbances during or immediately prior to the wet season, (b) Practicing minimum or zero tillage, and (c) Establishing a suitable crop to be used as fallow cover.

12 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

of the proposed development, and the fact that these species persist in areas where similar developments occur, potential project-related impacts on these species are expected to be minor.

Information on the potential use of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals to support the proposed cropping use is not available. Pesticides and certain agricultural chemicals have the potential to impact wildlife when the substance is consumed or absorbed15. This uptake has the potential for lethal or sublethal16 impacts on the affected animal. Pesticides and certain agricultural chemicals also have the potential to alter prey assemblages, which can have complex and cascading impacts across multiple trophic levels. The ultimate impact of pesticide and agricultural chemical use is influenced by a multitude of factors, and the magnitude of impact on a given fauna species at the population level can be difficult to predict. For the current circumstance, the relatively small scale of the cropping area may have a mitigating effect (cf large cropping systems). The risk of impact can be avoided by not using pesticides or chemicals that are known or suspected to cause harm to vertebrate fauna. The risk of impact can be reduced by implementing best practice pest control measures/programs17 and by using pesticides and chemicals in accordance with their product labels. The potential residual impact for the current circumstance is unclear; however, severe population scale impacts on the above Migratory-listed species are not likely.

With respect to the above EPBC Act-listed Migratory species, the Lot is not likely to contain ‘important habitat’ or ‘support an ecologically significant proportion of the population’ as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013). Based on the information presented above, the proposed action is not likely to result in a significant impact on a Migratory-listed species as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013).

4.2.2 EPBC Act Threatened Fauna Species The following Threatened fauna species were identified as being potentially present in the direct receiving environment of the proposed action. • EPBC Act Critically Endangered − Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (BrS Bat) • EPBC Act Endangered − Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat (GLH Bat) − Red Goshawk − Black-throated Finch (BTF) • EPBC Act Vulnerable − Squatter Pigeon.

If present on the Lot, populations of the above species would be of high conservation significance due to their apparent rarity in the region. The Squatter Pigeon is the only exception to this assessment; ‘important populations’ of the species as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013) are not likely to occur on the Lot.

15 For example, if an animal eats a chemical granule or a prey item (eg insect) coated with the chemical (the Black-faced Monarch, Rufous Fantail, Oriental Cuckoo, Rainbow Bee-eater, Fork- tailed Swift and White-throated Needletail are all insectivorous). Chemicals can be absorbed when the animal comes into direct contact with the contaminant. 16 Examples of sublethal impacts include reduced health (which in turn can negatively affect the ability to care for young and avoid predators), rates of development and reproductive output. 17 For example, pest management advice provided by the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries.

NRA Environmental Consultants 13 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

Vegetation clearing has the potential to result in habitat loss and fragmentation for the above Threatened species. The resultant impacts will vary according to the value of the impacted habitat to the affected species, and is assessed in Table 2. The assessments are made with reference to each portion of the cropping area described in Section 3.2. In summary, the assessment indicates that the central portion of the cropping area (Figure 3) potentially provides the most important habitat for the identified Threatened species. The other portions of the cropping area may provide habitat for a subset of the identified Threatened species, though these habitats are comparatively poor in quality.

The proposed action also has the potential to directly and/or indirectly impact the identified Threatened species as follows. • Direct impacts. The entire cropping area may contain potential roosting habitat for the GLH Bat and BrS Bat, and the central portion may contain suitable nesting habitat for the BTF. The action of tree-felling has the potential to injure or kill any individuals roosting or nesting in the tree. The risk of this impact occurring can be reduced by inspecting trees for roosting or nesting animals prior to clearing, and if active roosts or nests are found, implementing controls that reduce the likelihood of resident animals being injured. This may involve the leaving the tree intact until the animal has vacated the roost/nest, and/or, modifying the way in which a tree is felled (where practical) to reduce the chance of injury, and by having a fauna spotter-catcher present when the clearing occurs18. • Indirect impacts. The proposed sorghum cropping may require the use of pesticides and other chemicals. Mirco-bats and birds may accumulate certain agricultural pesticides and chemicals via consumption of contaminated food items and drinking waters, and when grooming themselves after being in contact with a contaminant. This uptake has the potential to result in lethal or sublethal impacts on affected individuals, and in severe cases may result in population declines. Little is known about the vulnerability of the identified Threatened species to secondary poisoning from these pathways, and there is insufficient information to accurately quantify the threat. The risk of secondary poisoning can be avoided by not using pesticides or chemicals that are known or suspected to cause harm to vertebrate fauna. The risk of secondary poisoning can be reduced by: (a) spraying crops earlier in the day so affected insects are dead prior to the bats emerging at night to feed, (b) implementing best practice pest control measures/programs19, and (c) using pesticides and chemicals in accordance with their product labels. The proposed cropping area is relatively small and this may have a mitigating effect on the potential impacts of this threat when assessed at the population scale.

The lack of detailed information on the presence20 of most of the identified Threatened fauna in the local area and on the Lot makes it difficult to assess the potential magnitude of impact, and likelihood for significant impact. Some species, if present in the region, may be very localised in distribution, and therefore impacts of even small spatial extent have the potential to result in significant impacts.

18 Specific State and Commonwealth approvals may be required to knowingly disturb a roosting, nesting or breeding place. 19 Especially measures that reduce the inadvertent movement (ie drift) of pesticides/chemicals away from the crop and into the surrounding environment. 20 Including distribution and pattern of occurrence in the landscape.

14 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

On available information the potential for significant impact can be discounted for the following Threatened fauna species. • Squatter Pigeon. The Lot is not likely to support ‘important populations’ of Squatter Pigeon and significant impacts on this species as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013) are not likely. • BrS Bats. The species is not likely to be highly localised in its distribution, and the relative scale of direct habitat loss and fragmentation is not likely to result in a significant impact. The qualification to this assessment is the uncertainty on account of the lack of knowledge about species occurrence in the region.

The possibility exists for significant impacts to occur on the following species; however, there is insufficient information to attach a likelihood component to this assessment. The following should be read cognisant of the ‘precautionary principle’ and situations under which a significant impact may be deemed ‘likely’ as described in the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013)21. • Red Goshawk. Red Goshawks potentially forage across the Lot, and habitat loss is probably the main project-related impact to this species. While it is undesirable from a conservation perspective, the loss of approximately 233 ha of potentially suitable foraging habitat may not result in a significant impact. An exception is if the habitat loss occurs in a part of the landscape that is particularly important for the viability of the local population. For example, if a nesting/breeding pair occurs near to the cropping area then most high quality habitats near to the nesting site will be of heightened importance. The loss of such habitats, and subsequent implications on population viability, could result in long term population declines and constitute a significant impact. • GLH Bat. The proposed action may not directly impact on core foraging habitat for this species, though may impact upon ancillary habitat and result in the loss of potential roosting sites. Alone this habitat loss is not likely to result in a significant impact; however, the habitat loss may result in reduced east-west connectivity and further isolate remnant populations (should they occur). Over the long term the isolation could contribute to the decline of the local population and constitute a significant impact. • BTF. Over recent decades the BTF is likely to have declined markedly in the region in response to land clearing and changes in land use. Small, fragmented populations are likely to persist and are of high conservation value. If this species is present on the Lot, the central portion of the cropping may contain important habitat22 and the loss of this habitat could reduce the ability of the area to support a viable population of BTFs. The loss of this habitat and the populations that it supports could constitute a significant impact.

It may be possible to avoid the above described potential for significant impact by not developing/clearing the central portion of the cropping area (central portion of cropping area is shown on Figure 3). It may be possible to reduce the magnitude of impact by protecting part of the central portion, so that most of the good quality woodland habitat, and east-west habitat connectivity, is retained. There is insufficient information to advise on which areas should be retained, and the size of such areas, to avoid significant impact.

21 “To be ‘likely’, it is not necessary for a significant impact to have a greater than 50% chance of happening; it is sufficient if a significant impact on the environment is a real or not remote chance or possibility. If there is scientific uncertainty about the impacts of your action and potential impacts are serious or irreversible, the precautionary principle is applicable. Accordingly, a lack of scientific certainty about the potential impacts of an action will not itself justify a decision that the action is not likely to have a significant impact on the environment.” (Source: DoE 2013) 22 Potentially important for resident populations during ambient conditions, and critically important during/following adverse conditions (eg during/following certain disturbance events and climatic extremes).

NRA Environmental Consultants 15 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

Improved knowledge about the occurrence of Threatened species would increase the reliability of assessments about the likelihood for significant impact, and improve upon the advice in relation to impact avoidance and mitigation. Knowledge derived via targeted field surveys would provide the best quality information for such purpose.

Table 2: Potential impacts of vegetation clearing associated with the proposed action on the identified Threatened species1 Cropping Area2 Northern Portion Central Portion Southern Portion (RE11.3.7/RE11.3.9) (RE11.3.30/RE11.3.35) (RE11.3.30/RE11.3.35) Quantum of clearing 129 ha 233 ha 37 ha extent Roosting or Relevant species: GLH Relevant species: BTF, Relevant species: GLH nesting Bat & BrS Bat. GLH Bat & BrS Bat. Bat & BrS Bat. habitat Comment: The resource Comment: Potentially high Comment: The potential is probably sparse, and if quality habitat. Potential resource is probably left uncleared, may roosting resources for sparse. degrade over time GLH Bat & BrS Bat are without specific and probably sparse. intensive management intervention. Foraging Relevant species: GLH Relevant species: GLH Relevant species: BrS Bat, habitat Bat & BrS Bat. Bat, BrS Bat, Red BTF & Squatter Pigeon. Goshawk, BTF & Squatter Comment: If left Comment: The resource is Pigeon. uncleared, the resource probably suitable, though will probably degrade Comment: Potentially high comparatively degraded. over time without specific quality habitat. and intensive management intervention. The area is not likely to comprise core foraging habitat for either species. Connectivity Relevant species: GLH Relevant species: GLH Relevant species: Nil. Bat. Bat, BTF & Squatter Comment: The loss of this Pigeon. Comment: The area may habitat is not likely to contribute to east-west Comment: The area may significantly alter connectivity for the GLH contribute to east-west connectivity for the Bat. connectivity. Also of some identified Threatened value to Red Goshawk & species. BrS Bat. 1: The identified Threatened species comprise Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (BrS Bat), Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat (GLH Bat), Red Goshawk, Black-throated Finch (BTF) and Squatter Pigeon. Their presence on the cropping area is predicted, and has not been verified via field survey. 2: The respective portions of the cropping area are shown in Figure 2.

16 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

5. Conclusion

The development of a dryland cropping area (sorghum, wheat and/or legumes) is proposed for parts of Lot 4 on Plan SP117921, Kirknie. The cropping area may require the clearing of approximately 400 ha of remnant vegetation on alluvial plains adjacent to the Burdekin River.

The proposed action poses a threat to the following EPBC Act-listed fauna species. • EPBC Act Critically Endangered − Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (BrS Bat) • EPBC Act Endangered − Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat (GLH Bat) − Red Goshawk − Black-throated Finch (BTF) • EPBC Act Vulnerable − Squatter Pigeon. • EPBC Act Migratory − Fork-tailed Swift − White-throated Needletail − Rainbow Bee-eater − Oriental Cuckoo − Black-faced Monarch − Rufous Fantail − Estuarine Crocodile − Eastern Great Egret − Cattle Egret.

Insufficient available information on the presence of most of the above-listed fauna in the local area and on the Lot makes it difficult to assess the potential magnitude of impact, and likelihood for significant impact. Some species, if present in the region, may be very localised in distribution, and therefore impacts of even small spatial extent have the potential to result in significant impacts.

Based on available information the potential for significant impact can be discounted for the following species. • All the above-listed Migratory species. The Lot is not likely to contain ‘important habitat’ or ‘support an ecologically significant proportion of the population’ as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013). The proposed action is not likely to result in a significant impact as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013). • Squatter Pigeon. The Lot is not likely to support ‘important populations’ of Squatter Pigeon and significant impacts on this species as defined under the Significant Impact Guidelines (DoE 2013) are not likely. • BrS Bats. The species is not likely to be highly localised in its distribution, and the relative scale of direct habitat loss and fragmentation is not likely to result in a significant impact. The qualification to this assessment is the uncertainty on account of the lack of knowledge about species occurrence in the region.

NRA Environmental Consultants 17 22 April 2016 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

Actions to avoid or reduce the potential magnitude of impact have been identified in this report. In some instances there is insufficient information to provide detailed advice about the measures necessary to avoid the potential for significant impact.

23 Important for resident populations during ambient conditions, and potentially critically important following offsite disturbances and during periods of climatic extreme.

18 NRA Environmental Consultants 22 April 2015 Fauna Assessment Report: C’wth EPBC Act 1999 Threatened & Migratory Species Department of Environment Lot 4 on Plan SP117921

6. References

Czechura G.V., Hobso, R.G. & Stewart D.A. 2010. Distribution, status and habitat of the Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus in Queensland. Corella 35(1): 3-10. DoE 2013. Matters of National Environmental Significance Significant impact guidelines 1.1. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Department of Environment, Commonwealth of Australia.

Skull, S.D. & Kutt, A.S. 1995. Future Development for the Burdekin River Irrigation Area Right bank: Environmental Considerations. Report prepared by Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, Report No. 95/02.

Lavery, H.J. and Johnson, P.M. (1974). Mammals and birds of the lower Burdekin district, North Queensland. 1. Introduction and mammals. Qld J. of Agr & Anim Sc. 31: 97-104.

NRA 2012. Review of Black-throated Finch (Poephila cincta cincta) Population Data for the Townsville Region. Report prepared by NRA Environmental Consultants for NQ Dry Tropics on behalf of the BTF Trust, 19 March 2012.

Thompson, W.P., Cannon, M.G., Reid, R.E. & Baker, D.E. 1990. Soils of the Lower Burdekin Valley, North Queensland. Redbank Creek to Bob's Creek and south to Bowen River. State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries.

Sattler P.S. & Williams R.D. (eds). 1999, The Conservation Status of Queensland Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. Young, P.A.R, Wilson, BA., McCosker, J.C., Fensham, R.J., Morgan, G. & Taylor, P.M. 1999. Chapter 11, Brigalow Belt. In: The Conservation Status of Queensland Bioregional Ecosystems (eds: P.S. Sattler & R.D.Williams). Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane.

NRA Environmental Consultants 19 22 April 2016

Appendix A: Queensland Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning Decision Notice SDA- 0415-019831

Appendix B: EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 15/04/16 09:20:31

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

Coordinates Buffer: 20.0Km Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: 1 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Listed Threatened Species: 17 Listed Migratory Species: 16

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 18 Whales and Other Cetaceans: None Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

State and Territory Reserves: None Regional Forest Agreements: None Invasive Species: 26 Nationally Important Wetlands: 2 Key Ecological Features (Marine) None Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) [ Resource Information ] Name Proximity Bowling green bay 20 - 30km upstream

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities [ Resource Information ] For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. Name Status Type of Presence Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt Endangered Community likely to occur (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions within area Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk [942] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Star Finch (eastern), Star Finch (southern) [26027] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Poephila cincta cincta Black-throated Finch (southern) [64447] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rostratula australis Australian Painted Snipe [77037] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Masked Owl (northern) [26048] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Mammals Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll [331] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT) Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New Vulnerable Species or species habitat South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory) known to occur within area [85104] Rhinolophus robertsi Large-eared Horseshoe Bat, Greater Large-eared Endangered Species or species habitat Horseshoe Bat [87639] may occur within area

Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat (Qld) [66889] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Plants Bulbophyllum globuliforme Miniature Moss-orchid, Hoop Pine Orchid [6649] Vulnerable Species or species Name Status Type of Presence habitat likely to occur within area Cajanus mareebensis [8635] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Eucalyptus raveretiana Black Ironbox [16344] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Omphalea celata [64586] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Reptiles Denisonia maculata Ornamental Snake [1193] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Egernia rugosa Yakka Skink [1420] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lerista vittata Mount Cooper Striped Lerista [1308] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Sharks Pristis pristis Largetooth Sawfish, Freshwater Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish likely to occur within area [60756] Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Migratory Marine Species Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Pristis pristis Largetooth Sawfish, Freshwater Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish likely to occur within area [60756] Migratory Terrestrial Species Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuckoo, Horsfield's Cuckoo [86651] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Name Threatened Type of Presence Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Migratory Wetlands Species Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Anseranas semipalmata Magpie Goose [978] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo, Himalayan Cuckoo [710] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Name Threatened Type of Presence Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Painted Snipe [889] Endangered* Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Reptiles Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Extra Information Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of Presence Birds Acridotheres tristis Common Myna, Indian Myna [387] Species or species habitat likely to occur

Name Status Type of Presence within area Columba livia Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon [803] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lonchura punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin [399] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Passer domesticus House Sparrow [405] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove [780] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Frogs Rhinella marina Cane Toad [83218] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mammals Bos taurus Domestic Cattle [16] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Equus caballus Horse [5] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lepus capensis Brown Hare [127] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rattus rattus Black Rat, Ship Rat [84] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Sus scrofa Pig [6] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Plants Acacia nilotica subsp. indica Prickly Acacia [6196] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Cabomba caroliniana Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Species or species habitat Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, likely to occur within area Common Cabomba [5171] Cryptostegia grandiflora Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Species or species habitat Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda likely to occur within area [18913]

Name Status Type of Presence Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily [13466] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Hymenachne amplexicaulis Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, Species or species habitat West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass [31754] likely to occur within area

Jatropha gossypifolia Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Species or species habitat Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut likely to occur within area [7507] Lantana camara Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large- Species or species habitat leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered likely to occur within area Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage [10892] Parkinsonia aculeata Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Species or species habitat Bean [12301] likely to occur within area

Parthenium hysterophorus Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Species or species habitat Ragweed [19566] likely to occur within area

Salvinia molesta Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Species or species habitat Weed [13665] likely to occur within area

Vachellia nilotica Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Black Species or species habitat Piquant, Babul [84351] likely to occur within area

Nationally Important Wetlands [ Resource Information ] Name State Barrattas Channels Aggregation QLD Junction of the Bogie River and Kirknie Creek Aggregation QLD

Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report. This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

For species where the distributions are well known, maps are digitised from sources such as recovery plans and detailed habitat studies. Where appropriate, core breeding, foraging and roosting areas are indicated under 'type of presence'. For species whose distributions are less well known, point locations are collated from government wildlife authorities, museums, and non-government organisations; bioclimatic distribution models are generated and these validated by experts. In some cases, the distribution maps are based solely on expert knowledge.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database: - threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Coordinates

-19.924 147.23

Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Parks and Wildlife Commission NT, Northern Territory Government -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Atherton and Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 Cairns Office: Level 1, 320 Sheridan Street, PO Box 5678 Cairns QLD 4870 P: 61 7 4034 5300 F: 61 7 4034 5301

Townsville Office: Suite 2A, Level 1, 41 Denham Street, PO Box 539 Townsville QLD 4810 P: 61 7 4796 9444 F: 61 7 4796 9410

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