WATER ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP IN ASIA The Second International Forum on Water Environment Governance in Asia and The Third International Workshop of Water Environment in Asia 3 - 4 December 2007 BJBeppu, Japan By: Ahmad Rizal Khalit, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MALAYSIA
INTRODUCTION
LThe Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was formed in 2004 to facilitate coordinated and comprehensive approach in managing the environment STATE OF WATER QUALITY IN MALAYSIA LThe Department of Environment Malaysia published the annual environmental quality report which is in compliance with the Section 3(1)(i) of the Environmental Quality Act 1974, encompassing water, air, noise and pollution inventory.
RIVER WATER QUALITY
146 river basin monitored: 80 clean; 59 s li ght l y poll uted; a nd 15 po lluted .
Main sources: domestic sewerage, industrial discharge, livestock faming, earthwork and land clearing.
Map 3.1 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Peninsular Malaysia, 2006 Perlis U Pengkalan Chepa Kedah Kemasin S Merbok Golok Semerak Besut Perai Muda Kluang Pinang Setiu Kluang Ibai Bayan Lepas Kerian Terengganu Juru Marang Kelantan Jejawi Landas/Merchang Perak Dungun Sepetang Perak Kerteh
Raja Hitam Chukai Deralik Pahang Kemaman
Bernam Kuantan
Tengi Selangor Buloh Bebar/Merchong Klang Langat Rompin Sepang Kesang Muar Linggi Mersing Melaka Endau Sedili Besar Polluted Duyong Batu Merlimau Pahat Sedili Kecil Slightly Polluted Kesang Johor Benut Skudai Air Baloi Clean Tebrau Danga Kaw. Pasir Gudang Segget
Map 3.2 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Sabah, 2006 U
Bengkoka S Bingkongan Polluted Kedamaian Slightly Polluted
Tuaran/Membakut Rakit Clean Sembulan Paitan
Sugut Inanam Segaliud & Telipok Mounad
Moyog Labuk/Liwagu Papar
Membakut Segama Padas Kinabatangan Silabukan Menggalong
Tingkayu
Pensiangan Kalabakan Tawau Kalumpang
Merutai Besar
Umas-Umas Brantian U Map 3.3 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Sarawak, 2006 Lawas Terusan S
Brunei Polluted Miri Limbang Slightly Polluted Kabuloh Clean Niah Balingian Similajau Suai Batang Baram Mukah Oya KemenaKemena
Tatau
Kayan
Sarawak / Samarahan Sungai Rajang Sadong Kerian
Saribas
Sungai Lupar Sungai Lupar
90 Clean
Slightly Polluted 80 80 80 73 74 Polluted 71 72 68 70 64 61 63 60 59 59 55 58 60 53 53 n 52 i 51 48 48 47 50 44 42 43 37 38 40 35 32 33 35 34 Number of Bas of Number 25 30 24 25
20 14 14 16 13 14 15 11 13 12 13 7 7 9 9 6 7 10
0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Figure 3.1 Malaysia: River Basins Water Quality Trend, 1990 - 2006 Figure 3.2: Comparison of Cumulative Frequency for 15 CWQM Stations - Dissolved Oxygen: 1 January - 31 December 2006
100 90 Percentile
90
80
70
LINGGI 60 KLANG MELAKA 50 SARAWAK TERENGGANU SKUDAI 40 KERATONG SELANGOR 30 PERAK PERAI LANGAT 20 LABU RAJANG 10 PUTAT B. BENAR
0 20 40 60 80 100
Dissolved Oxygen (% Saturation)
Figure 3.3: Comparison of Cumulative Frequency for 15 CWQM Stations - Ammonium Ion Concentration: 1 January - 31 December 2006 100
90 Percentile 90
80
70
60 LINGGI KLANG 50 MELAKA SARAWAK TERENGGANU 40 SKUDAI KERATONG SELANGOR 30 PERAK PERAI 20 LANGAT LABU RAJANG 10 PUTAT B. BENAR
0 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 Ammonium Ion (mg/l) Figure 3.4: Comparison of Cumulative Frequency for 15 CWQM Stations - Turbidity: 1 January - 31 December 2006 100 90 Percentile 90
80
70
60 LINGGI KLANG 50 MELAKA SARAWAK 40 TERENGGANU SKUDAI KERATONG 30 SELANGOR PERAK 20 PERAI LANGAT 10 LABU RAJANG PUTAT 0 B. BENAR 1 10 100 1000 10000 Turbidity (NTU)
Figure 3.5: Comparison Frequency for 15 CWQM Stations - pH Level: 1 January - 31 December 2006
90 Percentile 100
90
80
70 LINGGI KLANG 60 MELAKA SARAWAK TERENGGANU 50 SKUDAI KERATONG 40 SELANGOR PERAK 30 PERAI LANGAT 20 LABU RAJANG 10 PUTAT B. BENAR 0 345678 pH Source of Pollution (Activity) : Sewage, Agrobased and Clean Manufacturing Industries Slightly Polluted Polluted Pollution Indicator (Parameter) : Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 96 100
90 77 75 76 80 68 65 70 63 58 55 60
50 42 41 41 39 37 40 31 29 29 28 28 Number of Basin 23 23 30 21 22 18 18 15 14 20
10
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Figure 3.6: River Basins Water Quality Trend Based on BOD Subindex, 1998 - 2006
100 Source of Pollution (Activity) : Sewage and Animal Farming Clean Slightly Polluted Pollution Indicator (Parameter) : Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) 90 Polluted
80 70
70 63
54 56 60 53 54 asin 50 50 49 B 48 47 49 45 50 43 43 43 41 41 37 40 33 29 29 30 Number of of Number 24 30 22 17 20 12
10
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year
Figure 3.7: River Basins Water Quality Trend Based on NH3-N Subindex, 1998 - 2006 Source of Pollution (Activity) : Earthwork and Land Clearing Clean Slightly Polluted Pollution Indicator (Parameter) : Suspended Solid (SS) Polluted 100 93 90
90 84 75 78 78 17 80
70 57 60 52 53 53 45 42 22 42 50 39 25 38 20 29 25 34 22 40 27
Number of Basin 15 22 30 11
20
10
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year
Figure 3.8 : River Basins Water Quality Trend Based on SS Subindex, 1998 - 2006
GROUND WATER QUALITY L88 monitoring well established;
L48 in Peninsular Malaysia; 19 in Sarawak and 15 in Sabah;
LArsenic level were high near a radioactive waste landfill, solid waste landfills, municippppy;al water supply; and
LG/water near waste dump also contaminated with iron, lead, manganese, phenol and faecal bacteria. MARINE WATER QUALITY
A total of 1,035 samples from 229 monitoring station nationwide were analysed.
E.coli, mercury and arsenic higher compared to last year;
Suspended solid , oil and grease , copper , lead, cadmium and cuprum dropped
90
80
70
ards (%) 60 Exceeding d
50
40
Interim Stan 30 Observations 20
10
0 Total Oil & Total Suspende E. coli Copper Lead Mercury Cadmium Arsenic Grease Chromium d Solids 2004 76.9 49.1 50.1 15.9 29.2 10.8 9.1 0.0 0.1 2005 80.2 45.1 48.5 20.7 27.4 7.6 9.9 0.0 2.2 2006 74.7 35.4 54.9 6.4 20.3 18.2 1.9 0.9 1.9
Figure 5.1 Malaysia: Marine Water Quality Status, 2004 - 2006 60.0
50.0 )
40.0
30.0
20.0 Observations Exceeding Standards (% 10.0
0.0 Development Marine Park Resort Protected E-coli 58.3 48.0 47.0 25.0 Total Suspended Solids 13.9 0.0 6.0 0.0 Oil & Grease 5.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 Figure 5.2 Malaysia: Island Marine Water Quality Status, 2006
80.0
70.0
60.0 dards (%) dards 50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
Observations Exceeding Stan 10.0
0.0 Kedah P. Pinang Perak Selangor Melaka Johor Pahang Terengganu Sarawak W.P. Labuan Sabah E. coli 39.6 65.9 50.0 75.0 50.0 40.6 75.0 46.9 25.0 38.9 25.0 Total Suspended Solids 2.1 31.8 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oil & Grease 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.0
Figure 5.3 Malaysia: Status of Island Marine Water Quality by State, 2006 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES LDomestic sewerage discharge;
LDon’t care less attitude; and
LLack of enforcement
REMEDIAL ACTION
LAdministrative;
LLegislative : Long-term and Short-term; and
LFiscal Measure CONCLUSION As the demand for water increases and pollution fast depletes water resources, Malaysia choose to educate ourselves and be a part of the solution instead. In this regards, encounter the problem with solution is the best measure to ensure a sustainable water resources and envitironment.
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