Verse translations of three lays of Marie de France

Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)

Authors Rhodes, Lulu Hess, 1907-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.

Download date 04/10/2021 04:44:15

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553240 Verse Translation

of

Three Lays of Marie de France

by

Lulu Hess Rhodes

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Master of Arts

in the Graduate College,

University of Arizona

19 3 5

Approved:

JF9?9/ / 9 3 S' 33 Z

CONTENTS

Introduction ...... 1

Guif-emar ...... 9

L ’Aiistic...... 79

Mllun ...... 93

9 9 * 9 9 ISflGDUCTIOI The earliest and most mysterious French poetess lived in the twelfth century, a cent wry dominated fcy the feudal system with its powerful lords and their nofele chevaliers.

Much of the pomp, heraldry, movement, and color of the trad­ ition® of chivalry appeared in the chanson® de geste, stories of Idealized national heroes. The knight® of the chansons, noble, valorous men, flawless in their devotion to king, God, and the cause of right,— those chevaliers whose deed® were sung and celebrated wherever a jongleur presided in the great hall of a chateau, were admirable types of a tradition of

French glory and power.

The age of chivalry was presented in yet another manner in the twelfth century. Chretien de Troyes introduced the element of love and reverence for womanhood in his stories of knightly exploits. His ladies, beautiful and proud, sup­ ply the stimulus for deeds of valor, which the chevaliers undertake with no thought in mind except the approbation of the revered one, whose smile is worth all the effort® he M e put forth. One suspects, although that form of love on a high plane sounds well in a story, that the actual emotional life of the age was much more elemental. For proof, turn to the Immortal Lais of Marie de France.

Here we find that love is all— it is the reason for be- X ing, the only adequate stimulus for brave deeds, yet a 2

stimulus for brave deeds, yet a stimulus great enough to im­ pel the lover to feats of valor against all odds, Marie says of Guigemar - De tant 1 eat mespria nature Que uno de mile araur n ’out sure

(Nevertheless he seemed nature In that he paid no heed to love)

And later *

Pur oeo le tienent a peri . o li estrange et el ami,

(For that reason he was regarded - .V* me a lost man - " ■ . Both by strangers and friends.)

Here we find the love story with an earthiness to it that seems more genuine than the courtsous devotion shown in the stories of Chretien de Troyes. Marie moralises about love

In the lal of Guigemar, and we see that her conception of it is not entirely sensual, not completely earthy. Aaurs est plaie dedens cors e si ne piert nlent, defers; oeo est uns male ki lunges tient, pur ceo quo de nature,vient. Plusur le tienent a gabels, si cumoeil vilain ourteis, ki Jolivent par tut le mund, : puis s ’avantent de oeo que funt; n ’est pas amurs, elnz est folie . e malvaistiez e lecherie. Ki un en puet lelal trover, mult ledeit servir,earner e estre a sun oomandament.

(Love is a wound within the body And it is not apparent from without. It is an ailment which endureth long Beeause it comes of nature Itself. Some regard It as a laughing matter. Like these common ordinary folk 0

.> . Who find frivolous pleasures over all the world. Then boast of what they have done. . .That is not love, it is folly. And wickedness and debauchery. He who can find a true love Ought to serve and revere it greatly •; And be at its command.)- j ‘ -

.... As for Marie herself, who was she? We cannot say, for only her work is left to us. Including almost one hundred fables, a poem called "The Purgatory of St. Patrick," and the twelve Breton:Lais. All these writings are in French, and all in verse• In one of her stories she says, "Marie al num, si sul de France." . It is from this line that the name of

Marie de France has been manufactured. Numerous conjectures, some plausible and many quite improbable, have been made as to who she was. The most scholarly opinions seem to indicate that she was born in Hormandy, that she wrote in England dur­ ing the second half of the twelfth century, and that the king to whom she dedicated her lais was Henri II Plantagenet, a sovereign with a court entirely French in customs and lang­ uage. Undoubtedly Marie de France was well acquainted with court life. She was familiar with both England and the

French mainland, for she adds reality to her lais by naming places in both regions. She often has her heroes and heroines sail across the channel as nonchalantly as if that crossing were a very common voyage In her day. The lais had their origin in the stories sung by the jongleurs. Mario reduced thorn to order and rhyme, and put twelve of them into written form. This she did with a charm 4

characterised hy three eatstanding qualities; an element of ever-present freshness, an oven, smooth manner of relating her tales, and a dreamlike, evanescent quality which makes even the most unbelievable of ovente seem quaint and enjoy­ able# - - - " . ■ ; * • lie Paul Tuff ram has said in the int rod notion to his modernised French translation of the Lais, that Marie shows little imagination, limiting herself too often to a placid transcription of the jongleur1s tales.; It is my opinion that Marie shows a great deal of imagaination in at least one field. She has the ability to see in.her stories a succession of lovely ploturos, which oho paints with striking skill. In

"Guigemar" there is a picture of a peaceful harbor below a white cliff. One envisions a.blue sky and white clouds. In the harbor lies a black vessel with fittings of ebony, com­ pletely rigged, with its white silken sails unfurled. When

Guigemar has boarded the ship, he finds a couch of gold with rich.coverings; two golden candelabra with lighted tapers stand at the prow.

Beauty of conception and a highly imaginative pictorial

ability are certainly in evidence throughout the lais. I would call the reader*s attention in the lai of Guigemar to the deeoi lptlon of tho white doo, and also of the lady * a room

within tho garden's green marble walls. In the lai, "L*Austin," note the description of the coming of the springtime, and the picture of the lovely lady standing by her window in the 5

moonlight, to listen to the nightingale singing in the flowering orchard below*

Kario loves to describe rich, costly things* Notice how many times in these three late alone she mentions silks of all the deep colors, golden articles, fine linens, jewels, lovely rooms and painting®. She is a woman true to her age, however, in the naievete with whieh she brings a homely el­ ement into the richest of scenes* When Guigemar stands In

the lovely room of his lady, facing his noble adversaries, he seises,— of all things to find in a rich apartment— , a

long birch polo on which the clothes were hung to dryi

Marie was acquainted with the ancients, one will nottee*

It is still more interesting to see that it is when one char­ acter, a jealous husband, let us say, goes beyond the bounds

of knightly "mosure" that the trouble usually begins, Guige- mar's lack of "mosure" in regard to matters of love is the

spring of action of his entire story*

I have chosen the lai of Guigemar because it is truly a

love story from beginning to end, typical of many of the

other Isis* I ohooo LMustlc because of its gem-like clear­

ness; one idea alone is presented, and the tale is exquisite

as a finely-cut cameo is exquisite, Milan gives a picture

of the tournament, the customs of knighthood, and some of

the principles and standards involved, Each lai differs

from the others, making a choice difficult. All are quaint

and lovely. Goethe said of Marie, "The mists of time, which

hang dimly between her and us, render her poems dearer and 6

more eharming*"

With the aone14erate help of Dean Otis, I have trans­ lated the lals from the norman dialect to English, line by line, using Karl Warnke's book, "Die Lais der Marie de

France." (Halle-1925), later, I put my translation into verse form. I have taken the liberty of varying from the original when the moaning or the meter seemed to demand such a variation. I found that it was well-nigh impossible to

"eome by Caesar's spirit, and not dismembor Caesar." I have endeavored to retain in part at least, the charm of the orig­ inal, and in doing Justice to her quaintness of idea and ex­ pression, I may have wandered too far from an exact word for word translation* faking that into consideration, I shall present Marie's story with mine, that the reader may compare, and choose whichever version please® him better*

In verso form and manner, I have tried to follow the ex­ ample of Mr. Frederick Bliss Luquieno, whose book, "Three lay# of Marie de France," has been an Inspiration to me. I wish to express «y deep appreciation of the splendid cooperation given me by Dean A. H. Otis, in the translation, by Dr*

William John Tucker, who so kindly criticized my work as to versification and English form, and by Dr. Sydney B. Brown, who has been responsible in guiding the undertaking as a whole. The confidence and encouragement of those who have helped me have been responsible in a large measure for what­ ever of excellence this work may present. / 7

I have not attempteti to make a verso translation of the

Prologue to the Lais. However, it contains several interest­ ing ideas as to Marie's reason for undertaking her work* In the first place, she says that whoever has been endowed by God with the power to express himself should make use of his gift* Then, in order that his work may be of value to the ages to come, he should work with great care to so express

M s thought that there will be no misunderstanding as to M s meaning* After this bit of philosophy, the poetess says that she thought of writing some Homan story, but others had al­ ready done better work in that realm than she oould have done.

Then she says the thought occurred to her, about the Breton lais of adventure, that the ones who originated those lais must have done so in order to, preserve the memory of what had taken place* She says,

Plusurs en ai oiz oonter, nos vueil lalseler ne oblier* Rime en ai e fait dltio, soventes feiz en ai veillie.

En I'onur de vus, nobles reis, ki tant estes prus e cartels, a qul tute jole s'enoline, et en qul quer tuz biens raoine, m 1entremis des lais assembler, par rime fairs e reoonter. En mun quer pensoe e diseio, oire, quea vos presenteroie* Se vos les plaist a reoeveir, mult me ferez grant jole avoir; a tuz jura male en serral lies. He me tones a surquidlee, se vos os faire icest present. Ore oez lo coaenoementi 8

{Several of them I have heard told, lad 1 do not wish to overlook or forget them. So I have rhymed and retold them; Often in working on them I have stayed awake late.

In your honor, noble king. Who are so brave and courteous. And in whom all happiness is embodied And in whose heart all good things take root, I undertake to assemble some laie To rhyme and retell. In ray heart I thought and used to say Ky lord, that I would present them to you If it please you to receive them You will cause me great joy— Forever I shall be the happier for it* Do not look upon me as bold If I offer you tills gift, low hear the beginning!) GUIGEMAR 9

GUICEKAB

Ki do bone matiro traite, eult 11 peice, se bien n*est falte.

08%, selgnur, quo dlt Marie, ki en sun tens pae no s ,oblle.

Celui Solvent la gene lolrt ki en bien fait de sei parlor. Male quant 11 a en un pals huae ne femme de grant pris, ell ki do sun bien unt envie eovent en dlent vileinie.

Sun pris 11 ruelent abaisaier: pur eeo comencent le meatier del malvals ohlen eoart, felun, ki aort la gent par tralaun. lei ruell mie pur oeo laieeier, se jangle&r u loaengier le me vuelent a mal turner; eeo est lur dreiz de mesparler.

lee oontes quo jo sal veralm, dunt 11 Bretun unt fait lee lale. 10

GUIOEMAR . . -

_ . - - - 1 ' " " litoover deals with good material—

Mttoh weighs on him .if it ia not done well, low list, my lords, to what Marie relates. Who in her tine was favorably known.

Certainly people ought to ^aiae the one Who by good works brings praise unto himself.

But seigneurs, you all know His ever true

That whenever there is any land ;!

A man or woman worthy of esteem,

The ones who envy her her high estate

Must needs .speak ill of her. They vilify

Her name and works. Indeed, I liken them

To evil, cowardly curs that wolf their food.

Then bite the hand that fed them. For that reason.

However, 1 will not.keep silent now.

Even if evil and malicious tongues ;

Shall misinterpret what I have to say* And use their right .to underestimate.

The stories that I do know to be true

From which the Breton bards have made the lais 11 J

T08 eonteral asses briefmeat. .

El chief de oeet eomenoement

sulunc la letre o l fesoriture

t o @ b o s terra! one aventur®,

lei en Bretaigpe la Menur

W l n t al tens anclBaar. # “ ' • ^ ■ - - • * - * - *• " ^ ‘ ► • • ’ •

En cel tens Ho81s la terre^.

sorent en pais, sevent en guerre.

Li reis aveit un euen barm,

ki estoit sire de Liim. - Oridials esteit apelez. - . .

Be sun seignur ert mult ames;

chevaliers ert pruz c valllanz.

Be sa moillier out do us enfanss,

un fiz e une fills bele. - :;

Bcguent ot nun la damelsele; Ouigemar nement le daneel:

el reialme neri out plus bel. - A merveille I ’amot sa mere,

e mult esteit bion do sun per#*

Quant il le pout partir de eel,

si I ’enveia servir le rei.

Li vadles fu sages b pruz; r ault se faleeit amor de tuz#

Quant fu venuz termos e tens 12

I wish to tell you; shortly* To. begin, . (According to the writings I have found*}

There is a story of adventure hold

Which happened long ago in ancient days

In Brittany the Minor: - .r...

■■ - " ' ■ ■ ■ - - . ■ ' ., ' . " As its king,. ^

Bolls the good and valiant held the lamd*

Often in peace, and oftentimes in \%r* : The Baron of Leon, Oridials, . _ •

Was held in high esteem by all the court

As a chevalier held and valorous* ‘ ; -

Oridiale, the baron, had two children .

A lovely daughter who was called Hoguent,

Also a song and Gnigemar was his name* So child in all-, the land was more admired.

His mother loved him far beyond all telling.

And marvelous was his father1s .pride in him. When he was old enough to leave his home

His father sent Cluigemar to serve the king.

He proved himself so bold and wise and .valiant.

He won the high esteem of all the court.

And when his term:of service was fulfilled. quo 11 avelt cage o sens, 11 rels 1 ‘adube rlohement;

armes 11; dune a sun talent.

©ulgemar so part le la ourtf

mult 1 dona ains qu’ll s ’on twrte! -U

2n Plandres valt pur,sun prls qusrre:

la out tus |®rs oetrlf © guerre.

•En Lohorelgne n ’on Eurgulgne ;

no en Anjou ne en Gascuigne

a cel tens no pout horn truver

si bon chevalier mi. sun per. Do taut 1 out ikespris nature < ;

que unc do nule amur .n*out cure.

,Sxizdel n ’out d a m ne puoele, ; ki tant par f ust -noble - ne bole, • So 11 dlaser la requelst, que volentlers nel retenlet. . c Plusurs 1* oh requlstront.suvrot, v: mais il n*avelt de ceo: talent; huls no sc pout aparceveir c / ique II volsist aour avoir. •

Pur ceo le tiencnt a perl

e 11 estrange e si ©al*

En la flur do sun r.elllur prls

o ’en valt 11 bor on sun polo 14

Ana he had been dubliod richly by his king.

Mho ^ v e him costly vveapbus' and- great praise.

He left the oourt, and' many: anxious' hearts

Awaited hisv r#tttm* ::To. pr©fW hie w ^ t h : ■■ . . Upon the battlefield, he went to Flanders^

Hot in Lorraine^ nor yet in Burgundy „

Her in Anjoa or Gascogne could bo found

So good a chevalier* But in his life There lay on® f©hit* ? He mocked- at human nature

In that his heart would' pay7 no hohd to love.

There was no maid - or lady under heaven.

Of beauty, of nobility of birth, ■

Who would not willingiy:have granted him

Whatever he might have:asked. There had been some

Who oftentimes had pleaded for his loveV ,

But he denied'their v/ishesi- It was clear V

His life w a s 'incomplete* aWl friends and strangers

Regarded him as queer ahdsingi&me^- r vr; .

When he M d won renown and high estate, •. : : A baron now, he made a homeward journey! . - 15

weelr sun pare e sun ##%nur*

# kl mult l*avei@nt desire.

Ensemble.od els a sujurne.

e#e m'ost a via, un meis entler.

Talens: 11 prist dealer ebaeler. .

La nult somunt ses ehsvallsrs,

ses venettrs. e ses bernlers, . A1 matin valt en la forest; u : M r @11; dedulz ferment 11 pleat* .

• - A un grant oerf sunt arute, .;!

e 11 ehlen furent deseuple* „

Li veneUr current devant;

■11;.aameisols.se vait tarjamt*

a : Sun arc 11 pert8 uns vasles, : ...... $

sun hansao e sun berseres......

Tralre voleit* so mes edst* , Bins que d^iluec se remeiist*

En I'espelsse d ,un grant bulssun Tit une biose odsun fofin.

fute fu blancM eele bests;

perches de oerf out en 1m teste. Bur I'abai del brachet eailll.

II tent sun arc, si trait a 11.

fin I'esclot la feri dsTant;

elo chal demeintenant. 16

To see his king,' his parents, and the "sister Who had awaitod him so many months. ''

Together with then he remained four weeks*

One day he wished to hunt, and that same night

He roesed his hentsmeh,A.chevaliersand heaters And went into the woods at break of

Almost at one® they found a great deer is trail; The dogs were loosened; Quigemar lagged behind

As all the huntsmen spurred ahead in haste*

He had a hoy who emrried all his arrows, His hunting laalf e, /and hclxv. lie wished to shoot;

He was to do so vero he left the giade.

Within a brushy thicket stood a -doe f‘ And with her was heir fawn. She was all white,

With buek-herms on her head; she stood alert.

And startled by the haying of the hounds*

How Gulgemar bent hie how, he took his aim.

And shot, and struck"hor forefoot at the hoof.

She fell at oi^e. But % ' e ^ e evil @h®nee IT

La saiote resort ariere:

Gkiigeroar fieri en tel mauler#

en la.qtiisse desqu^al cheval, . . .

que tost i ’estuet desoendre a val.

A terre chiet our. 1'erbe d m #

delez la blase qu\out ferae.

La blase, 3ci nafree osteit, . ‘ « -. ■ ^ • . ■ *• .... * • - anguissuse ert, si ae plaigneit.

Apres parla on itel guise:

*01, lassei Jo.sui ooisel -> * •• * • - ■» . • _.w ■-> ^ «• - E tu, vassal, Ici m ’aa. nafree, tela seit la tue destine#:

ja mala n'ales tu medeoinel

He par herbe ne par racino, ne par mire ne .par poiaun =

• H ’avras tu James guarlsun

ae la plaie qu'as en la ojilsse. de si que oele te guarisso,.

3ci suferra pur tue amur . si grant ..peine e si grant delur, qu‘ mticea femme tant ne sufri; .

e tu referas tant pur 11,

dunt tuit oil s ’esmorveillerunt,

XL aiment e ame avrunt

u kl puis amerunt apres, Y*fen de ell Lai m*avoir peal* the arrow iiirnod, flew "baolr again,: and struck the knight, wounding him deeply in the thlghe

He fell and* lay! upon the heavy graso

Beside the sorely wounded doe, who moaned

And spoke to Guigcinar, saying these strange words

-’-Alas l I dio i and t’ho u, the' cause of all

% pain, this c w e e he ©n' thee2 tay ymi find

Vo cure of root or* herb, of drug'or potion;

Until that maid sh&li cure wo ma d # thigh.

Who shall so: infier, for the love of thee.

Such awful pkin and torment as shali he

The worst that" ever woman has -eMnrei^'

And thou shalt" suffer so for love of her that everyone shall wonder at"your pain,-

Who love and shall have loved ~ and even those

Who love h®neef©rth2r liow, go and let me die! ’’ 19 j

Gulgemar fu foment bleeeie*.

Do ceo qu'il ot est esmlez.

Coeenga sei a parpeneer

en quel terre parra aler

par ea plaie faire gtiarlr; : : •kar no se volt laissler murlr.v

11 set, aseez e Men. le ait , v ;

.^u’lmkee, femme sale ne vlt, : ’

a qui 11 atnrnas.t; a*amor c i : : : : se Jell guareelst de dolar. : Son veelet apela avent* - • ' •Ami®*, fait 11, *va te®t poignant! r Pal me® eempalgnun®. retaraer; r kar jo voldrai a els parler,*

Oil. point avant, e 11 r.emalnt* ,

Molt angaioousoment so pleint* v Be ®& ehemise estr'eltemest

bende sa plale fermement. : .

Puis ost muntez, d ,lluo®;B,en part;

qu*eeloigniez celt, molt 11 cat tart • ## • ne vuelt que mils des eueos 1 vlenge,

kil deeturbaet ne kll retienge.

le t r a v e r ® del bois est ale tm vert chemln, kl l*a men#

fors do la lands* En la plaigne

vit la faleise e la mantalgne 20! i

She wotmdod dcnight, disturbed by what ho heard.

Began to wonder whither he might go lo find relief; he did not wish to die.

But he had often said that he had seen

So demoiselle whoae love ho would have sought.

She now might ease his pain.. He called the lad;

"My friend,8 said he, "go quickly now and tell

All my companions to return at once, •

For I would speak to them." The boy went, spurring. And Gulgemar stayed.,: .He;moaned in agony; :

He took his shirt and firmly bound his wound,

Then momating, went away. He did not wish His friends to. come and: try rto change hie plan.

He followed a green pathway, leading out

Upon the moor*Once there, he saw a mountain

And a steep cliff beside a tranquil bay. 4 ,uae ewe kl desuz cureit.

Braz fa de mer; hafne i aveit,

El hafne oat une sale nef, dunt Gulgemar choisi le tref*

2-ult esteit hien aparilllee; “ defers e dedenz fa pelee auls haem n 1! pout trover jointure.

H 1! oat chevllle ne elostare : : kl ne fust tute d lehonus;% .

saz d e l n'a or kl vaille.plas* La velle fu tote de sole: mult est hale, Jd la desplele M chevaliers fa mult pensis; as la cuntree. .a’.el pa£o i - a’out unkes nes ol parlor ; . que acs 1 pedst ariver. • i ' .

II vait avant, si descent jus; a grant anguiss e munta sus • ^

Dedenz qulda homes'traver, . '

kl la nef dedssent guarder: n*i aveit nul, ne nul ne vit.

En me la nef trova tm lit,

dmnt 11 pecol e 11 Ilmen

furent a l fuovre Salomon

taillie a or, tat a trifoire,

de oipres e de hlanc Ivolre# It was an arm of the sea, and in the harbor lay tut a single shipwith sails unfurled.

The vessel.was well rigged; inside and out

Covered it was with' pitch so skillfully

That not a jointing could be seen. Its pegs

And traces were of solid ebony* A wood more preeleme than th# f i m w t gold.

The sliken sails were•lovely:b eyohd raeasure.

The knight was much surprised; in all the land He had not-heard that ships.^could reach that harbor

He went down to: the vessel; with great anguish He went aboard; he thou^it to find.within The men whoikept the watch. But there wero none. Upon the deek he found a coash wheee legs

And aides were like the; work of Solomon <

All cut of gold, inlaid with ivory v. And oypress. ■' ■ . z ^ . . 23

D ’un drap do sole a or teissa ort la coilte ki deans fu.

les altres dras ne sal preleier;

moa taut vos di do I ’oreilller:

. kl sub ottst sun chief tona,

ja maie le poll n'avreit - chanu.

Li coverturs do sahelis

vol2 .ft1.de purpre Alexandria *

Bui oh&nielabre do f in or :

.(11 pire valeit tm tresor) -el ehlof .de la nof farent mis;

desue eat dous oirges eapris* Be oeo s'estolt il merveiHiee• ..

II s ’eat sur le lit apuiez;.

repose sei, sa plaie duelt*'

Buis eat leves, aler s*en vuelt.

II ne pout mie returner; . * ■ la -nes est-ja en-halto mer, • „ r

od lui e'en va delivroment*•

B©a oro ot e su8f vent, .

n Ti a niBnt de sun repaire;

mult eet dolens, ne set gie fair©

iVeat merveille so 11 sTesmale,

kar grant dolur a on sa plaie. Sufrir li estuet l*aventure.

A Deu prie qu*en prenge cure. 24'.;-'

Covered it was with a quilt

Of woven silk and gold* I do not know fhe price of all the covers that were on it.

But I can tell you this about the pillow ,

That whosoever laid hie head thereon

Would never have gray hair. Its sable cover

Was veiled with purple Alexandrian; • Two candelabra of the finest gold

(The poorer of them worth a kingly treasure)

Stood at the vessel’s prow with tapers burning.

Guigemar forgot himself in marvelling;

He lay upon the couch awhile to rest;

Hie wound was painful. Finally he ree#

To go ashore and proceed with his quest -

For healing. But he could not disembark.

The ship had left the shore, carrying him

To the high sea. There was a gentle wind,

And cheerful skies; and there was no returning.

He was dismayed; small wonder, for his pain

Continued, and he knew naught else to do

But sadly to submit to circumstance. -

To Cod he prayed that he would care for him. g.u’a sun poeir l/amelnt a port

# all defende de la mort#: El lit se oqlohe,^ai s ’endort. . ;

Hul a trespassS le plus fort; ,

alnz la vespree arivora

la u sa guarisxm avra, - . /

deauz une antive olt6, l .

kl estelt ohl^s de oel regno#

'■ .' ' . ' '7'V.'‘ . ::!■: L LI sire, kl la naintcnelt,

- .mult fu.vlelz huem e femme avelt»

une dame:de halt parage,. • ,

, franche* curtelso, hele;e v sage* Golus estelt a deamostire;

oar coo purporte la nature, -

,q.ue tult 11 Tleil selent golus;

mult hot chaqcuns que 11 salt ous: tela est d'eage 11 treepas* .11 no la guardout:mle a gas. ,

2n un vergler .sos le donjon la out un clos tut environ,

De vert marbre fu 11 muralz, - - .

mult par estelt espes e halz. H fl out fors une sule entree;

oele fu nult e jar gaardee,

De 1'altre part fu clos de raer; that by his power he would guide him safe to land, and mould deliver him from death, them, falling on the bed, he slept at last.

(How he has suffered his most :painful hours

And at the eventide he will arrive . /

Unto an ancient city, capitol Of a kingdom, where he willlfind his cure.}

How in this realm, the lord who ruled the land.

Was very aged, and he had a mife,

A woman of high .parentage and breeding,'

true, courteous, and beautiful, and good,

the husband*8 evil jealousy:was - boundless, For thus does human nature tend to act

that all the old are jealous; each one fears

last youth deceive him— doubt comes withhold age. He kept her closely guarded, night and day8

Below the ^ s t l e tower in a garden - Eaeloeed by high and thick green marble walls.

One entrance only, guarded constantly, :

Was situated at the garden's end— r.

the other end was out off by the. sea;. : 27

nuls n 1! pout eissir ne entr-ey,

se oeo ne fust od un tatel*

se busuin edst al chastel. .:

Xi sire out fait dedonc lb e u t ,

, pur metre i sa femme a sadr, u

ohambre; sus olel n^veit plus bele*

A 1*entree fu la chapele. ? ^

Xa cbambre ert peintq tut en tur.

■i Venus, la deuesse d *anur, ; ; .:

fu tresbien mise en la painture;

i les trais mus trot e la nature :

cmaent ho* €eit anur tenir . ;r:

e leialment c hi en servlr• . Le llvre .0vide, u 11 enseigne

.ooment chaseuns:stamur ostreIgne,/

en un fu ardant lo : go tout,

• e tuz ieels eeoumenjout, : l kl ja maiB oel livre .lirreient ne sun enseignement/fereient. -r

La fu la dame enclose e -mise. -

% # pucele a sun servise • ; 11 aveit sis sire bailliee,

. kl mult -ert franche e enselgnlee, sa niece, fills;sa sorur. y -

Entre les dous out grant anur;

od li esteit quant il errout. 28

lotfody could come: in nor leave the place v

If he had not a mission to perfoUBer-.j ind thus gained entrance with the; lord’s consent.

Or if he had no boat. The jealous husband.

Had built; within the wall, securely there

To place his wife, a room most beautiful.

And at its door a chapel* On the walls

Were paintings, and.in one the Goddess Venus, The Oucon of Love, was throwing in the fire .

The book of Ovid which contains the teaching

That everyone is helpless in love’s tolls;

And she was heaping maledictions on .

All those who o’er should read .that book, or heed

Its teachings; and the nature of that painting

Showed clearly, how a man should have completely

The loyal, faithful service of his wife.

In her seel melon, for her company. The lord had granted to hiSiWife a maid

To serve her* She was of good parentage,

Wise and well: bred. Between them was great love

And deep affection, all the more, because

The maiden was her niece, her sister’s daughter.

They walked together daily in the garden. De ci la q,uo 11 ropalrout,

hume ne fomnio n 11 • venlst .

ae fore de eel nmrall nUsslet#

- Uns viels: prestre T)lans e florlz

guardout la clef de cel poetiz;

leg plus fcas mombres emt perdusi

altrcnent na fust pas orettz# ^ ^

Le servise Deu 11 dlselt

e a sun mangier la servo!t, '

Cel jur melstne ainz relevee.'-"

• fu la ahme el vergler alee. - Pormi aveit apres mangier*

si s 1 art alee esbaneiars '

ensemble od 11 sul la meschlne.

' Guardeati a val vers la ••aarlae$ la nof vlrent al flot muntant, ,i kl el hafne venelt siglant; ’■

ne-velent rIon ki la "oundule. ,1a dame vuelt turner en foie: :

oe ele a podr, n'est mervellle;. tutd on fu sa face vermeillo. .

lies la meschlne, kl fu sage ,e -plus hardie do ourage

la reotaferte e aseQre.

Cele part vunt grant aleiire. But none ooull soe or speak to them because

Of tho great wallv 2he 3coy to the one gate

Was kept i>y as dlfi priest, with long, v/lilte hair#

His lower members he liha lost;' -the lord ;

Wouia otherwise liavo put 'no trust in him.

The holy servloehe porformed for her, \

And served her food. How It wao'on that day, (When Guigomar had been wounded, and embarked,}

The lady had gone out into the garden,

For after eating she" had slept awhile And now was walking f or h e r recreation. : £

Together with her was the maid, and they were looking towards the sea, when all at erne#

They saw a vessel coming o'er the waves -■

And lightly sailing straight into the harbor#

They saw nobody in - the pilot1 s place.

The lady wished tojflee, she-was afraidj:

And * tis small wonder; for with her excitement

Her rosyyface was flaming. But the maid,

Who had more courage, comforted her mistress#

They went wl th rapid step down to't he shore Sun mantel os te la pticelo, entre en la nef 3el mult fu tele*

IPi trova nule rien yivant - . fore sul le chevalier dormant.

Areatut sel, si I'eaguard#: palo le vit, mort le quids. -.

Ariere vait la darnel sale, ; has;tivement sa dame a pels. L ,

Sute 1*aventure 11 dit, mult pleint le mort que ele vit* Respunt la dame: ’Or 1 alunsI, . Se 11 est morz, nus 1 1enforruns $ nostro prestre nus aiders. .

Se vif le truls, 11 parlors.’

Ensemble vunt, ne targent mes, la dame avani e cele apres.

Quant ele est en la nef entree, devant le lit est arestee.

Le chevalier a esguarde; - mult pleint sun cors e sa belts.

Pur lui esteit .triste e dolente . > ' # dit • que mar f u sa . juvente . ? ,:

Lesur le piz li met sa main; chalt le sent! e le quer sein, ki suz les costes li bateit.

Li chevaliers, ki se dormeit, fhe m i d took off hor oloak and boldly boarded

$lio lovely vessel,* tind ohe-foand iio' one 'r

Except the sleeping- ohevali er - alone * - ■

She stopped, sh®:looked at bid, she;saw-him pale.

Believed him dead, and fan ’to call hoi -lady.

She told her‘all about - what she-had‘found, ! ind spoke with pity: o#*the young dead knight.

Replied the lady;: "Let us go and :8eeiv- ' v ' '

If he is dead, then we 4;ill bury himj i '

bur priest will help us. If he is alive:

He may speak.” *: So ’they-went^delaying no more, fhe lady first, the m i d s n after-her*' - ■

She earn® upon the couch; and stopped arid looked.

And wept above the' body of • the Mighti

For she was sad and mournful:for his sake,

that lie, so young arid beautiful; should die.

She lay her hand,upon his breadt and felt Its warmth, and the stout heart: that .beat wi thin*

Guigemr , who had-been but asleep, awoke; s ’est esveilliez, 8l 1'a ve&e.

Mult en fu lies, si la salue; bien set qti,il est venuz a rive*

La dame, pluranz e pensive, .. ; - li respundi; mult bonement; s .. demanSe li oumf ait ament .. -- :

il. est venuz,;e de quol■ terra , .:^ c i

e.s’il est eissilliez pur guerre. :•

‘Lame*, fet il, .'oeo n ’i a ;mie.

Mes se vus plest queijeozvus.die-r^-;

m ‘aventure, vus ounterai; v “«-i niGnt ne vus en oelerai. ;

Be Bretaigne la Menur sui. x ,

En bole alai ohaeier jehai. . v ,

Une blanche bisse feri,.. ;. "-- r ■: T;.:V.,:.r

•la saieteresorti; ; ; -

en la quisse m ‘a si nafrS, : : > •; . Ja mes ne quid avoir santS. . :

La bisse se plainst e. parla,

mult me maldist e si ura,

qu® ja n ‘efisse guarlsun . :

se par une aeaeMae m b . ? lie sal u ele seit troveel

Quant Jeo ol la destine#,

hastivement del bois eiesi.

En un hmfm ceste nef vi; He saw Iter, greeted: her# v He was glad To know that he had; safely eoaie to land.

The lady, sad a»4 pensive, answered him

Host graciously, and asked,the,reason for

His odaing;, thon she wished?to know his home.

And if he had been-^eoc^ed: ^y..KarfarQ.f -.r v:. "lady,", he answered,-."Tliat isrnp.t therreason. But if you wish to- hearj of-my ad y q n t u r s ;

Then I will tell:you.all, ooncealing.nothing.

I came today from. Little Brittany. , •

This morning, I went-to -the woods,to,,hunt.

I shot a i M M doe, and the arrow 2:e on..

Rthoended, and it. struck me-:in the hip,r - - Wounding, me so that, I shall never hope

To find a cure. The doe complained and. spoke.

She cursed t o , and foretold »y destiny; She said that I should never find relief

Other than through a maiden much beloved. And now I know.not where;she may be foundi

When I had heard my fate, I left the forest.

And cane.upon this vessel in a harbor*; 35

&@4@ns eiiSrai, si. fis foils; od mel s*en est la nos ravie.

He sal u jeo sal arivez, ;: ' : ; - ' - '

coment a nun cesto oitez.

Bale dame, pur Deu vns ppl, , ^ - v”

sunmellllez mel, westre mere!i : , ;

far joo ns sal- quel part aler,; i ne la nef ne puis govemer.1 / ~ I

El 11 respunt! ,Bels- s Ire chlers, ,

ounsell vus durrai’ volentlere* ' ? ':

G##t@ eltek est muh selgnur

e la cuntree tut en tur. f

Btelies huera est de halt parage, i v:

mes mult par est do grant eage. ; \

Angul ss us ement est gel us , " •. par dele foi que j m del vua. ? : :

Dedenz cest cloe m^a enserree. :: 1

*, 1' a fors une sule entree; • :

mis vlelz prestre la ••'•parte guards: : see doinsc Pens quo mala feus I ’ardei : 0

lei sal nait e Jur enclose; j

-ja nule felz nen ierc si ose

qua 1*en isse, s 111 nol comande, ‘ - :

se mis sire ne me demands.

Cl ai ma chamdre e ma chapels,

ensemble od mel eesto ptieele. I board®! It, and that was folly, -for . -

It carried me away, and. brought-me here,

I do not know this- country.nor this city,

lor know I even; v

low. Lady, by the grace; of God, .1 iray you

Advise me, through your Icindnbsoy for I cannot

Pilot,the ship, nor 3mow I where to go,"

And she replied, "Pear Imight, most willingly

.My. counsel will L give to": you, X Shis city And the country around; i t, > are iqy, lordT s'.

He is a wealthy^ man of high degree* ' J.

But very old* H® i# so" jealous of me-~>-

By my pledged wor d, that^ which - 1- say-is true— Within this, garden;he ha$rfshut me up,; .

An old priest :guards the only- entrance:gate— ;

May it pleas® God to burn him in Heir’s1-fire I—

Here night and day 1 must remaih. ’ lot: once

Without my lord1s permission, or unless■ •

He sent for no, have" I dared leave ay- prison#

So here I have my- zoom, and there ^ chapel. And this my . maid, v.' -; v: ;i., v;-.::'X 37 -

Se vus I plest a demurer,

t&zifc quo: vus miels puissiec error,

velentiers vus sojurnorum ®. 4® Jjoa quer vus eerv.irnm.1 i

Cluant il a la parole- ole,

&.ulcenont la dame en morel®;

' od 11 sujumera, *ceo dit«: ,

' rr- En; e6tan;t s Vest dreolez del lit; ;

celec 11 alent a peine. ; ■ •;

, ; la dane: en ehaebre I ’en melne*

Desur le lit a la meschine, _

triers un dossal kl pur oortlne.:

fu on la chamlre aparellliez^

la est 11 darnelsels culchlez, 'j v

--'jf-iEn 'bacins. d’or..ewe aporterent: f

sa plale e sa qulsse laverent. ; .

-- A un Del drap de chelnsll tlanc ..

;: ; 11 ostereat en tur le. sane; : . c puls IVunt estreltemont teal#*

Kelt 1# tlenent; on grant ©Merte*

. „ Quant lur mangiers al vespre vintt

la pucele tant. en yet tint, dunt 11 chevaliers out ases:. .

tlen est podz e abevrez*

Ees amurs l*ot fere al vif; ^

Ja ert si® qeers en grant estrlf, Ontil your wound is Taotter. WillIngly le will conceal you, and will try to serve you.*

When he had heard these wards * Guigemar rejoiced

He 'thatiked '-the. lady for t h m , and he said That he would stay with her. Then he arose; '

They helped him leave the vessel, and they took him

Into the room. Upon the mild on? s bed.

Behind a drapery which they had hung . r To serve them.as a curtain, lay the - knight.

They brought him water in great golden basins.

They bathed his wounded thigh, and wiped away The blood stains with a piece of fine white linen;

They firmly bound the wound with greatest care.

At evening when the old priest brought their food.

The maid saved back enough.so that the knight

Might have sufficient. Well he ate and drank.

But love had smitten his: to the very core.

Already wae. his h m r t in great turmoil - . m

3car la dame lfa si nafre,

tat a stm pals ublie.

De sa plale nul mal ne sent;

mult suspire asguisausement.

La mescMne, kll delt aervlr,

prle qu'ele le lalst doroir.

Cole s Ten part, si l*a lalssi&.

Puls qxL111 11 a danS eunglS,

devant sa dome en e st alee, :

kl alkes,estelt resehalfee , del feu dunt Gulgemar se sent., que sun quer alume e esprenti •

LI oheValiers fu remSs sous.

-Pensls estelt e angulssous;

ne set uneore que eeo delt; mes nepurquant blon o’apareelt:

ee par la dame n*est guarIn, de la mort eat sedrs e fliu.v

1AlasJ’ fet 11, *quel le feral ' Iral a 11, si 11 dirai

que ele ait morel e pltle

de cast ehaltif descunsellliS* 3*ele refuse ma prelore

e tant seit orgoilluoe e fiere,

dune m'eetuet 11 a doel murir

u de eest mal tuz jars langulr. * Because the xaay naa so shattered it

That he had now forgotten his own land.

His wound soon healed,"but he was in great anguish.

He asked the maid, who served him, to retire And let him go .to sleep. When he dismissed her

She went to find her lady, who was warmed Likewise t»y the same fire in which Gulgemar

Had felt his heart must perish. He was left

Alone, and sad,, and thoughtful, tortured, pale.

He knew not even yet Just what it meant.

But none the less he understood that he

Was sure of death if he were not relieved. And by the lady's hand. "Alas," cried he,

"What shall I do? I feel I must go to her,

A M ask of her that she have pity, mercy

On this poor wretch. If she denies her aid.

Is proud and haughty, then remains to me

Only to die of grief, or languish ever

In this unhappy state." - ' 41

lors suspira; en pol de tens

11 est venuz novels parpens,

e dlt que sufplr 11 estoet; kar Issi fait kl mialz.ne poet.

Tdte la .nult a si veillle

e suspire e travalllle;

en son .quer alot recordant . les paroles e le .semblant, " : :

les ula valrs e: la bele bwhe, duntla dolgurs al qu»p 11 tnehe#

Intre see dena merol 11 crie; : '

pur pel ae l*apele s*amle.^ .r . *

S@: 11 eetist qu’ele sentelt ; , l :

e oum amurs la destreigneit, / :• mult en fuot l.iez,-mmi esclfat;. . - : t un pol de rasuagement ; _

11 toilet alques la dolur - : ^ ; dunt 11 ot pale la color.

Se 11 a m l pur 11 amer, . '

el ne s ' en puet nl§nt l@#r* : : r : J

Par matlnet elna l*ajnrnee : : . ^ : r.o

estelt la dame sus levee# :

Veillle avelt, de ceo se plelnt;

deo fet amurs kl la deetrelnt.

la meaehlne, kl od 11 fa,

al semblant a aparoeft And it was but a moment t i n there cam©

Another.thought to him, which bade him stay

And suffer silently— ’twere better so.

All night he lay. awake, and sighed, hie heart

Remembering her words and her appearance. Her blue eyes, and her, lovely mouth, whose sweetness

Had captured all his soul. He clenched his teeth And cried for mercy• He lacked but a little

Of calling her .at last his ,chosen love.

If he had only know what sho: was feeling.

And how love for him was distressing her.

Greatly he had rejuiced, in my opinion. ;

For I believe a bit of consolation -/;

Would certainly have lessened the great pain

With which his cheek had hollow grown, and pale.

But if he suffered so for love of her.

She suffered likewise with a mind disturbed.

*Twas in the early morning, and the lady

Arose before the dawn. She did complain

Because she had not slept," The maid was wise.

She thought it love, from which the lady suffered. 43

de sa dano, £ue ele anout le chevalier kl so^uriwmt en la chambre pur guarisun; mes •! he set s*il I ’eime un nun. la dame est entree el mustier, - e cele vait al chevalier, - :

Asise s'est devant le lit; e 11 Vapele, si li dit: . ^

’Amie, u est na- dame alee? -

Pur quel est el si test levee?1

A -tant se tut, si suspira, ■ !i.

.la mes chine 1 Taraisuna, • : ;

/Sire*» fet'-ele,' ’vug amezi ; -J- - M

Oaardez cue trop ne vus celezl >:

Am@r pods en it el guise, i I q m bien iert voatre amurs assise.- Ki ma dame voldreit aimer, ' ■ mult devreit bien de 11 penser. " Ceste amurs sereit covenable, ^ se vus andui fusslez estable,

Vue eetea bels, e ele est belei1

II respondi a la pueele:

’Jeo sui de tel amur .espti.s, : , bien me purra venir a pis, se Jeo n ’ai suearc e ale,

Cunsellliez mei, ma dulce amie. Though eertain that her mistress-loved the knight

Still she knew not if he loved hoi* or no*

How when the lady went into the chapelw '

The maid went to the knight* He spoke to her;

"M$r friend, where has my lady gone; and why Bid she arise so soon?" With that he sighed* The maiden understood. She said, "Hy lord.

Ton should take care lest you conceal too much*

For you could love in such a way that yon Would never meet refusal* Ah, hut stay— fhe one my lady Idves must surely hold

A very high opinion- of her worth*

'Twouia he a fine and" worthy, love, for:you Are handsome, and my lady1a beautiful*"

He answered, "I am seized hy such a love.

Indeed I fear-that I shall die of - it

Without her aid; advise me, my dear friend! 45

Qtie feral jeo &e oeste Eeur?’

La messhine par grant dulpur

1® oh®T®ll®r a oenforte o de. ojale asetlre, de tus los blens qxi ’ el o, pue.t fa ire; mult ert ourteise e de ‘bon* air®•

: Quant la dame .a la mesee ole, arlere vait, pas no s'ublie* .

Saveir voleit que oil faieeit, . ; se 11 vcillout u il dormeit, pur qui arnur sis quers ne fin®,

Avant I ’apel® la. me s o M m ; - al chevalier la fait venlr: bleu 11 purim tmt a leisir . mustror • dire sun ourage, • turt 11 a pru u a damage. _ II la salue e ele lui.

En grant esfrei. erent amAai# v,

II ne I'osot nignt requerre pur oeo qu’il ert d ‘estrange terre, aveit poUr, s'il 11 mustreat, qu'el I'enhalst e esloignaet.

Mes kl ne muatre s ’ enfertS, a peine pact avoir sontS.

Amurs est plaie dedans cors What shall I do?,r She mid, with gentleness

Promised him all the aid that she could give.

And was most courteous and gracious to him*

After the mass the lady left the chapel; - Returning to her•room, her mind was full

Of him, and she iaust loaow what he 'was: dding.

And if he woke or slept^ f or love of

Her heart was overeem## 2he maiden balled her.

And led her to the knight, so that he might

Be able at Ills leisure to reveal ~

His heart and tell his love. He greeted her.

But in the great confusion both were feeling

He did not dare to make his wishes known.

Because:tie' was a stranger in her land

He was afraid if he revealed his love

That ehe might scorn and banish him. But he

Who fears to tell his ills will hardly find Belief . - : : '-r‘: ;;r’ ^ •; ; ; 47

e si ne piert niSnt defers;

eeo est uns mala ki lunges tient,

pur ceo que do nature vlmmt.

Plusur le tlenant a gabels,

si eufie oil vilain cartels,

ki joliwnt par tut le mund,

puis s ’avantent de ceo que funt ##

nfest pas amurs, einz est fell#

e raalvaistieE e lecherle, :

Ki|un en puet leial troverj a : mult le delt servlr e amer

: e estre a sun comandement. ., .

Guigemar elme durement i. , ;

u il avra hast if suews u liestuet vivre a reburs, . :

• Amurs 11 dune hardement:

il 11 descuevre sun talent. •Dame1, fet il, \jeo muerc pur yus;

mis quers en est mult anguissus. Se vus. ne me volez guarir,

dune m*estuet 11 en fin murlr,

Jo vus reqaier de drudrie:

belt, ne m Tescundites mie!*

Quant ele I'a blon entendu,

avenantment a respunda*

Tut en riant li dit; •Amis, love is a wound within the "body,'

And it is not* apparent from without*

It is an ailment which end ureth. long .

Because it comoth right from nature’s self•

Shore are those who regard it as a

Shey are these wily, shallow, common folk

Who find their frivolous pleasures in the world

Then toast of all the evil they have done. , That is not love— ’tie folly, wickedness, >

Debauchery. But ho who finds true love

Should serve it and adpre it all his days.

And he at it s command. ;

Quigemar loved madly; Be had a @hoi©e^»he must hayo quick relief, Or he must live in bitterness forever.

love lent him "boldness | he revealed his thought*$

"Lady,* said'hej "I feel that I must say

That I am near to dehth for love of you.

ly heart is in great anguish^ and if you

Cannot relieve my pain, then I must die.

So I am bold enough to bog for life;

Oh lovely lady, pray do not dismiss me!"

When she had heard these words;'she hesitated.

Then lightly, laughingly she answered; "Friend, 49

Gist cnnseilz sereit trop hastis, d ’otreier vus ceste preiere:

jeo n'en sui mie custumiere*1

’Dame1 fet 11 ’pur Den, mere!2

He vus enmiit, se jol vus di2

Femme, - jollve - - -- de - mestier- - - - - se deit lunc tens faire preler, pur sei eherir, que oil ne quit que ele ait use cel deduit. -

Mes la dame de bon purpens, ki en sei ait valur ne sens, s’ele trueve hume a sa maniere, ne se fera vers lui trop ftore, aims 1 ‘amera, si'n avra joie.

Ainz que nuls le saoe no I ’oie, avrunt 11 mult do lur pru fait.

Dele dame, finmn cast plait!1• La dame entent que veir 11 dit,

e 11 otreie senz respit

1 ’amur de 11, e 11 la bale®,

Des ore est Guigemar a aise*

Ensemble gisent e parolent. .

e sovent» • - baisent ♦- e « acolent;- -i' , ■ bien lur oovienge del surplus, de ceo que 11 altre unt on us! " ' : ...... " ' : ' ; . " BO

' i ' c ;' ; . " 1 : l - :• ?;o

•fie not a habit with oa to bo hasty;

To grant you you* request would hot be worthy

A lady, after-such ar short acquaintance*”

dear,” he cried, "have mrcy, in God’s name 1

Be not offended now at Wat' I oayl" ’ 1 !

But you know that a coquette by profession

Is wise to let herself be begged and prayed

In order to enhance her value, so fhe imninay never c»rao to realize r

She tired of that mnsenent long ago* -:

But now the lady of good quality, v

Wb® in MriiSlf’ possesses* values rarb 1 :

If she can find a man-who loves her truly.

She shouldn’t be too haughty to his prayer. But rathe r she should leve him, possess joy.

And long before the world may hear of it.

They will have made ■ a great deal of their time*

Gome, lovely lady, put'an end to pleading I"

fhe lady realized-that he spoke truiy^ '

A M granted his request at last* and'kissed him.

Sow Guigemar was content, fhey lay together

And talked, and of ten kissed* and well employed

The surplus in the ways that others use it* si

Geo c^est a vis, an e demi

f a Gulgomar. enaentile od 11* : . = '

Halt fu delituae la Tie* . ;::j

Hos fortune. Id ne s ’otilie, . . :

sa roe t u m S en poi d 1 tire,,

I ’xm met deauz, I ’altre deaure.

Iasi eat de eels avenmg : . . . •

kar tost furent aparoeli. r

Al tens d * este par irn. matin; \

jut la dame les le mescM*#; ;;

La tiuche 11 tiaise e. le vis;. ‘ r

puis si 11 dit: ’Bela, dulz amis,: mis quers mo dit quo jeo vus: pert;

veti. sormn e descovert* ! i : , ^ ,

Se vus sores, jeo vueil murir;

o se vis en po8z partir, vus reoovprres altro amur,

; e jeo remeindral en dolor*1; -; .

•Dane1, fet 11, /nel dites mesl- Ja: n'aie jco joie ne pes, ' . ; •

quant vers nule altre avrai retur!

n'ales de cop nule poOrH

•Aaie, do ceo m^seiiresl Tostre chemise me livrozj

El pan degas feral on pleit; Aoeording to my Information, there

Wao Gulgemar with the lady eighteen months,

Their life m s ; sweet; hut Fortune, unforgetting.

Can turn its wheel in hut a few; short hours A M plae® the lower high, the other low. ,

’Twas thus with them, for soon they were aisoovered.

Ctee s w m e r mo mine, she lay in his anas;

She kissed his lips, his face,,and said to him,

”Hy heart has told me that I soon must Ipso you.

That we shall/be discpTored* Ah, my love.

If you should dio, then I should wish to die.

And then if you v/ere able to escape ,::

I fear you would soon find another love

Elsewhere, and here I should remain in sadness."

"My dear," the knight replied, "Do not say that.

For I should never have nor. joy nor peace,

If I should turn to any other love. • Pray have no fear." She said, .."By loye, assure me I

Give mo your shirt 1 How I shall tie a knot 58

©angle vus So ins,, a %a@ oeo selt, d 1amer cele kil desfera . e ki despl'dier le savra.1

II 11 bailie, si 1 *asoQro; le pleit i fet en tel mesore, male femme nsl-desfore!t, se force u cult el n* 1 me tbit, la chemise 11 dunb e rent. II la recelt par tel ©oreat

4a 1 el le face setLr de 11 par uhe oeihture altresi," durit a sa ohar nue la celnt; parmi les flans hikes i ’estreint.

XI la b a d e purra orrir : ; sens dopesoier 0 sens, partir, -

11 11 prte qua celui aint.

Pols l^a baisiee; a tant remaint.

Gel jar farent aparced, des©overt, trove 0 veS ' 4 1 an' '©hasberlen© »al rezie, qae sis sire 1 out enr®ie«

A la dame voleit parlor, ne pout dedenz la ©haabre entrer.

Par one fenestra les vit; vait a sun seignur, si 11 dlt« Hars In its side; the one who shall untie it—

I give you leave to love her, enl forget me.”

Ho gave the shirt,to;her, hie.promise:nlth It.

Ihe lady tied the knot In such a ray fhat not a living woman could untie it •

If she used neither force, nor knife» nor scissors. She gave the shirt -to . him and : he. reoelved it ■

In asking that sho jnade him,sure of her.

Tightly he placed a girdle round, her hips,

And said that ha who ;could unclasp the 'buckle

Without emjiaoylng foroe .to.'breaj:. the clasp

Should have the lady’s love. He kissed her then.

And there the .matter for, the time remained*

That evening an aoqursea chamh9rlaln,_

Sent from her hushand, came to seek the lady.

And, finding that the door was /barred, he- crept

Unseen and unheard to the window where ,

He saw the lovers*. Quickly to his lord

He ran and told him all that he had seen* 55

Quant li sire 1 T a enteatm, ungues cos taut do lens ne fu.

Be ses prives demande treis • A la ohacitro vait demaneia; il en a fet I ’us deposeler; dedenz trova le cheraller# Pur la grant ire gae 11 a a beire le oumanda. Qnlgmmr eat en • piez loves; ne s * eat do niSnt bsfrees. : TJne grosse psrohe te sap, u sulelent pendre 11 drap; v ; prist en sea mains; e sis atent. II en fera alkun doient: ainz quo 11 d*els belt aprisEiei, les avra il tuz mahalgniess

Li sire"l1a mult esguarde; enquis 11 a e demand® kl 11 esteit e dunt fu ne’z e eoment est laienz entree *

Cll 11 mint# eum il i vint e cum la dame le retint; tute li diet la destines de la tisse ki fu nafree e do la nef e de ea plaie*

Ore est del tut en sa inanaie. 56

The husband -in his rage and indignatiea'

Sent for three of hio barons* and together

They hastened -to the lady's .room; - they broke

The door. The lord demanded of his barons

The death of Gulgemar; but the ^might had seized A long blroh jible; on nhich the maid had hung The clothes t® dry. Ho gripped it in-his hands;

Hio adversaries saw that he was strong; ;

They knew he could deliver painful blows

Ire th^y could oapturo him. The lord demanded,

"Who are you? From what country did you-©c®#?

How did you enter hero?’1 The knight replied,

And told him how the ship had brought him there;

He told him of the wounded doe * whose curse

Together with his wound, had banished him, ,

And how the lady's care had cured his pain. II 11 respmnt quo pas nel ereit,

© 8*1881 fust cum 11 aiselt, se 11 peilst la not trover,

11 1© motrait giers an la mar:

8*11 guareslst, ceo 11 pesast,

e bel 11 fust, se 11 neiast.;.

Quant 11 l*a bleu aseflre, al hafne sunt ana amble al6.

:1a barge truevent, ana 1 ‘unt mlsi

od'.lnl. s*en vet @n sun. pals# la.naa elro, pas no demure,

M chevaliers suspire oplure; la dame regrets sovent, e prie Deu omnipot ent

q u e i l l l doingt hastivemort

> e que Ja mes ne vlengo a port,

8*11 n@ repuet avoir 8*amie, *

.qu'il desire plus qua sa vie. i Tant a cole dolur tenue,

que la nes est a port venue

u ele fu primes trovee*

Abqz ert pres de sa ountree*

Al plus tost qu* 11 pout e’en ieei

Uns damleele, qu * 11 ot ncrri,

errot aprSs ua ohevaller;

en sa mein menot un destrier. 58 :•

The lord eould ziot-fcelieye a tale so strange.

But uaswered,If you speak the truth, and you

Can find the ship, you may depart-therein. You say you oas® ty water; I eomcand

That you he forced to leave in the:s s k s .,fashion# Of eoui-se, if you escape, ;it is a pity, . -

’Twere tetter that you drown, as I "believe You shall. And now come with me to the harhor.

You have my word." But at the shore, they found

The ship awaiting guigemar, sails unfurled#

The knight was forced ahoard, the ship departed,

took hir« to .his native ;land# But heg . ■

While on tlie way, lamented and prayed Ood »

That he he granted death at once, and that

He might not come to land, if-.now forever

Was lost to him his lady's love, far dearer

Within his: heart, than .life itself. So long His sadness did endure, that to tho harbor

Where he had first beheld it, came the veosel.

He went ashore as quickly ae he could, -

And found a young page, formerly; his own. Leading a horse, and following a knight. 59

II le conmt, si Vapela, e 11 vaeles se reguarda.

Sun seignur veit, a pie descent; le cheval 11 met on present.V

Od lul s'en vait; joins an sunt tult si ami kl trove 1'unt.

Mult fu preisiez eri sun pais; mes tuz jurs ert.maz e penois. •

Femme volelent qu?11 preelst; mes 11 del tut les escundlst: • ja ne prendra femme nul jur, ne pur aveir ne pur amur, se ele ne puet despieler sa chemise senz depescler. Par Bretaigne vait la novele;

11 n ’i a dame no pucele _ kl n 1! alast pur asaler: unc ne la parent despleier*

Be la dame vus vueil mustrer, quo Guigemar puet tnnt amer.

Par le cunseil d*uh suen harun sis sire l*a mlse en pris«a en one tur de marbre bl»« , Lo jur a cal e la nult pis

Buis huem el mund ne purreit dire Ihen Gulgemar saw the lad, and called to him, fho vassal knew his lord; he cried aloud 11th joy, dismounted, offered to the knight

His horse, and went with him to find his friends.

11th much rejoicing he was welcomed home.

And in the years that followed, great renown

He added to his name. But he was ever

Pensive and sad. He would not heed the counsel

Of all his fritinds, that he should choose a wife, these friends - were so sincere in urging him

For M e own geed t# find a wife- that he

At last agreed that he would love and wed the maiden or the lady who untied - :

The knotted shirt without employing force.

The news was spread throughout all Brittany,

And many were the ladies that arrived '

To try the knot / but none could guess its secret.

- ■ • . ■■ .f f- l : ' ?Pi. Z ' ; ’ ' ■

And now I wish to tell*you of the lady

Whoa Guigemar loved so dearly. Following the counsel of a baron of his court.

Her lord had built a tower of gray marble

And there imprisoned her. Her beauty faded;

All through the day'she languished, and at night

Her heart was filled with anguish and regret;

Ho words can tell the fain and agony 61

la grant peine ne la martire no l fanguisse ne la dolur. ,

que la dame suefre en la tur*

Sous anz in fa e plus, ceo quit

rune n'i ot Joie ne deduit.,, .

Sovent regrete sun ami:

’Guigemar, sire, mar vus viJ .

Kielz vueil hastivement rqurir

que lungement cast raal: sufriri ■,;

Amis, se jeo puis esebaper,

la u vus fustes mis en mer

me neierail1 Dune lieve sus;

tute esbafe vient a Ihis; - n 1! trueve clef no serrettrez tors sTen eissi par ;aventure,

Unques nuls-ne la desturba. , . Al hafne vinfc, la nef trova; atachiee fu al rochier,

u ele se voleit neier. 0.uant el la vlt, enz ost entree;

mes d *une rien sVest purpensee . qu’ilee fu sis amis neiez.

Dune ne, puet eater sur sea piez:

se desqu’al bort pe&st venir, . el se laissast defers chair,

Asez suefre travail e peine. Of martyrdom that noble lady suffered * ;

Imprisoned in tbs tower. .There she spent two years and ■ere*. She had no joy nor pleasure.

One day she eried aloud, nAh, Guigemar, lord, Unhappy was the day you came to me5 r fhie agony is more than I cab bear. Oh, would that I could dial Guigemar, if I Could.leave this tower--reaeh the shore where you

Put out to sea, there would"! drown myself

And end my misery!” Then she arose, . And suddenly became awarc that there .

Was neither lock nor ley upon the door. '

She left the tower quietly and hastened

To reach the shore where she might end her pain

In death; but anchored by the rock where she

Bad thought to end her life, the ship was waiting

She went aboard; the vessel left the harbor.

Then suddenly, she wondered, "Can it be

That Guigemar:is not dead?" So overcome

Was she by this thought that she could not stand

Upon her feet; had she been near the edge.

She would have fallen overboard,:and perished. La nee s*en vet, ki tost 1 ’en meins.

En Brctaigno eot vonue al port sus un chaste! vaillant e fjort.:> : .:

Li sire a qui 11 chastels fu aveit a nun Meriadu. . . . ;; - >. r

II. guerreiot; un suen veisin; . pur ceo fu levez par rat in, . sa gent voleit fors.envoier . • pur. sun enemi danaglor.

▲ une fenestre s * estot * ;

« vit la net ki; arivot. t : ; •*

II descend! par un degrSj sun mbmaterleln avapele* : ■ - -

Hastivement a la nef vuntj par >1* eschiele muntent a mint.; * , ■

Dedans unt la dame trovee, ; ~ ki do belts resemtio fee.- ; V II la saisist. par le mantel; j od lui l*en meine on sun ohastel. Mult fu lies de la troToOre, kar tele esteit a desmesure; ki q.ue Vofist mice en la barge, bien set qu'ele cat de grant parage* A 11 a tuma tel amur, :: ; unques a femme n ’ot greignur* II out une serur puoele; The vessel traveled all the- night, and in

The morning it; had come vfco Brittany*1 v

And anchored in a hay below a- castle u

Whose great towers were - strongly fortified, there lived a lord, Heriadns by name; low he had risen early on that morning to war against hi# noighbor, and to send - Hie vassals to harass - his enemy r i

Who lived nearby. While standing by a window

He saw tho strange ship sail into his harbor. He called his ohabberlain, descended’ quickly

And went aboard the ship. Ho fouhd the lady,

As lovely as a fairy in a dream* ’ :i’

He led her with great courtesy within- • the castle. By- her beauty and her manner

He knew that, whoever had sent her to him.

She was of great nobility of birth. -

He was so seized with love of her as never

Had he been seized with love of any woman.

He had - a ' younger :8i@ter;-lm -her--ear#1 65

on sa chanbre, ki nralt fa bole, la dano 11 a conandee.

3ien fu; sorvio e honuree, • richenont la vest o atume; : . mes tus jurs: 03t pens Ive a mum®. -

II vait so vent a 11 parlor,: ; -

Isslt do bon quer la paot . i r ;

II la requlcrt; el n'on a cure,; alnz 11 mustre do;la oelnture: ^ ja mes hum® -non amora. ..v . l ; - so colul nun kl 1 1 uvcrra.. ' - ^ : sens depeocler. Quant 11 I ’entent, . si 11 roopunt; %nr m a l t a l e n t ;v , f . r

’Altrosl a on cost pals _ •; . un oho vail or do mult grant pr la; do femmo prendre on Itel guise _ so defeat par uno ohomlse,- ; .; : , dunt 11 dostro pans ost plelez; : c 11 no .post, estre desliBz, - ^ 3cl force a cultel n’i metro It. \ Vus folates, coo. quit, ool plait:* Quant ol I'ol, si suspira,

pur un petit ns go pasma. II la roout eatre oes bras. Do sun blialt trencha lea las; la cointure voloit ovrir. He placed the lady, well she. waa attended,

A M rlehlj: dressea^ . But she was .ever aad*

Meriadim wottld often speak to her, / ‘

For well he loved her* He declared his love * But she would, not accept it* ; Then one day.

She told him of the girdle, and she vowed

That never would she love a man except .

The one who should be, able to unclasp .

The buckle without Breaking it* The lord

Hade answer angrily, "There Is elsewhere.

Within this land .a knight of high degree.

Who will not take a-wife* For his excuse . He has a knotted shirt that cannot he / r:

%tled unless one tear or outfit* Well, My lady, I am wondering if *twas you % ;

Who made that knot IV The l a d y w h e n she hoard

This news, "became so faint; she almost swooned. He took her in his arms, and roughly Broke

The fastenings of her Blouse, and found the clasp

Upon the girdle ; But he - tried in vain . ‘ mes n*an poeit a ehlef venire

Puis n'ot el pals ehevalier,

que 11 n*i feist essaier.

Issi remest tien -lungement

de ci qu’a un turneiement,

que Meriadus afia -

. euntre eelui qu’il guerreia.

Holt iv.ot semuns chevaliers; •

Guigemar fu tuz 11 primiers.

II 1*1 manda par gueredun

si cum ami e cumpaignun, '

qu*a cel busuin ne 11 faillist

e en s *ale a lui vealst, -

Alez 1 eat mult richemeat?

ehcvaliers meine plus do cent. Meriadus- dedenz sa tur le hafberja a grant honur.

Bncuntre lui sa serur mande;

par dous chevaliers 11 comande • qu*ele s*aturt e vienge avant,

la dame meint qu*ll elme tant.

Cele a fet sun ebmandement. Vestues furent rlchement,

main a main vienent en la sale;

la dame fu pensive e pale. fo guess Its secret., .r; ■ ^ , -

Soon the word was spread ; f Abroad throughout the country^ ,.2£any knights

Made the attempt to win the lady’s hand;..

Bat eaeh one*in his turn was unsuccessful.

. ... . •„■: v '' ; L 1 For many months-the, sit oat ion was :

The same from day. to day. At. last-the lord.

In order to, attract the noble Guigemar, r Announced % tournament; the knight -was asked

Both as a loyal friend and .companion ^

To come, and Bring:his company with him.

Msriadus hoped also >to persuade^, : The knights, assembled, for. tho:: jousting games

To aid him in his war.againat. hie; neighbor.

Biohly attended Gulgomnr oame, and .brought

%L# hundred knights with him. With greatest

The lord wi thin the tower gave him. lodging.

By two vassals, he sent M s sister, word ,

To carefully, rake ready and to come. ;

Before him, and -tp bring with; her the lady.

His orders she- obeyed, and tend . in liand.

The lady and the maiden, richly gowned ; .

And Jeweled, came into, the banquet hall. Ele o£ Guigemar nomer:: - " 1 — ne pout flesur see pies ester; - '

:^ se: cele ne -I'ettst tonne, G-'i

ele fast' a terre ehafle'V ; ' 1 ;; • Li chevaliers cuntre els leva; • rvi

la dame vit e esguarda e sun semblant e sa meniere. - -

XJn petitet se traist ariere. -

*Est •oeo,v fet 11# ’ina dulce aiaie, ^ m 1 esperance, mis quers/ ma vie', '

ma bale -dane ki ra*aroa? ^ I

Dunt vie’nt ele? Ki I ’amena?

©re ai pense mult grant foile; f

"bien sal que ceo n'est ele mie: g i

femmes se resemblent aeez; •* • - ■ -■ pur ni§nt change mis ponsee^ - ' •

Mes pur cele qu* ele resemble, -

pur qui mis quers suspire e tremble^ a li parlerai vblemtlers.*.

Bwae vet avant li chevalier®.

II la balsa, lez lui I'aslst;

unqm s nul altre mot ne . die t

fors tant que seelr la rova. - Heriadus les e s g u a r d a ,::

J mult 11 pesa de cel semblant.

Guigomar apele en riant. . 70 1'

■ . j r-K-xvi-Ca •- sa 4l.‘, ; •

4 ::-r ‘-:vi':vvfoVzU: r.-rrj^t1 She would have, fallen,, fainting, had not she

Leaned heavily, upon the m i d on1 a .arm*. :

The knight* had.: risen at their., entrance,: then,

Struck by her manner and by-her .appearance.

He was amased,: he1 aslced. hioself, ."Can" this

Be my dear love, my hope; my. heart, my life?

% lady who loved- me?; I It" cannot bei , - . --

I do but vainly dream,.for I;know well, . That this cannot: be she. How came she here?

Who brought.: her from her: land?. Alas,: my thoughts

But ‘wander, Poaen.-, look" so much alike. :"

Yet for the sake of her whom she resembles,

And for whose love. my. heart still, sighs and trembles,

I feel that I must speak to this.fair lady."

Ha went to her;; he gently, took" her, hand;’

Ahd kissed it; then he begged her to be seated.

And sat beside: her. .Ho could find, no word

To say to her;: nor. could- the lady speak

For faintness. Heriadus, watching them Was furious to see - that: his suspicions ;,r

Perhaps were trim, ife laughed in scorn, and said, Kr::i,.r :-:'X : ^ A

- vo "vT. * 'Sire', fet.il, *se vus plaiseit,

oeste pucele eesaieroit

■:-r:: vostre chemise a despleier, s 'ele i purreit rlen espleitier.'

IL li res punt.*E jeo I'.otrei!'

, Un chamterlenc apele a sei, ; • :

ki la chemise ot a guarder;..

11 li comande a aporter. , . . r

A 1% pucele fu. hailliee;

mes no I'a mio despleiee. ; ; ,

La dame conut Lien le pleit. - !

: . Mult: est sis quers #n grant destrelt; kar. volentiers s * 1 essaiast, .

, s'ele poOst u ele osast.

: Bien s^aparceit Meriadus; r . o

. dolenz en fu, ainz ne fu plus." :

'Lame*, fait 11, :'kar assaiez,

; so desfaire le. purr Ha l ' ;; *. . :

' Qnant ele ot le comandseant, ... ^ lo pan de la chomise prent; leglerement. le despleia. . ^

Li chevaliers s’esmervoilla. ; .

: Blen la conut; mes nequMent v ■ ^v; . %

nel poeit creire fermement.

A li parla en tel mesure:

'Amie, dulce creature. *Sir knight*, if it please you, this girl will try fo find the seorat of that knotted, shirt

With which you trick tho ladles.” "Tory well,"

The cheralier replied. - At once ho called

His chamberlain,: and ordered him to trla# ;

The shirt. It was presented to the lady.

She rocogaised the knot; in her distress Of heart, she lacked the strength to take the knot

A M to untie it, though she m d l y wished

To show the knight that she was his lost love.

Meriadus, impatient of delay,; . v lith anguish in his heart, ^oried lout;, "Dear lady.

Enough of waiting! Try; the .knot, and if

You can, untie;lt!": Moved by this command.

She took the shirt, and .lightly, with great ease.

Beneath her fingers did tho 3aiot become

Untangled. Then was Quigemar much astonished. He knew that :she: must be his love, ,and still.

He could not quite believe it. "Friend," he said,

"Pray, igentle creature, I must truly know, estes vus ceo? Sites mei veirl

Laissiez mei vostre core veeir, la ceintur e dunt jeo vus ceinsi1 A ses costez li met ses meins, si a troVee la ceinture.

’Belo*, fet 11, 1quels aventure que jo vus ai lei troveel : -

■Ki vus a ioi amenee?’ ' • , Ele 11 ounte la dolur, : . u, res granz peines e la tristur , de la pristm u ole fu, , •• > e eoment li est avenu, - v : - ^ ooment ele s'en esohapa, neier-se volt, la nef trova, dedenz entra, a eel port vint, e 11 chevaliers la retint; guard e e 1 ‘a a grant honur^ - ‘ mes tuz Jars la requlst d'amur*

Ore est sa joie revenue* - { ’Amis, menez en vostre druei’

Guigemar's’est en piez levez.

’Seignur*, fet 11, ’or m ’escultesi Ci ai m ’amie euneiie que Jeo quidoue aveir perdue, leriadu requier e pri, rende la mei, sue meroll 74

Art thou my love? Oh, let me touch thy body

To fina the token that I gave to theeI"

He placed his hands upon her waist, and there

He felt the girdle, and 'believedfat last.

"Fair one," said he, "How strange to find you here!

Who brought yOu? Tell me all; I beg of you."

The lady told him then of all the anguish She suffered while imprisoned in the tower.

And how she had escaped, and then had gone

To plunge into the sea, and of the ship.

And how she* had been carried to this place.

She told him how the noble Merladus

Had oared for her and kept her with great honor. And had desired her love. "And now," she said,

joy returns with you, pray, if you will.

Take me wherever you may go, my love." Guigemar then said to lord Merladus,

"Kind sir, now hear me! I have found my love

Whom I had lost. I humbly beg, my lord,

That in your mercy you will give her to me; Sis huem liges en devendrai;

do us anz u treis le servirai

. od cent chevaliers u od plus.*

Dune respond! Xleriadus.

•Guigemar1, f et il, *bels amis,

jeo ne sui mie,si suzpris ;

, ne si destreiz pur nule guerre,

.que. de cep me. deiez requerr#• .Jeo la trovai, si la tendral

e cuatro vus la defendrai. ’ . .. . Ciuant il 1' o 1, has tivement coMnda a munter, sa gent, : , t, 1 ' '■ •••' ■ . ' - > v - : ^ v ; : j . D'iluec se part; celui desfie. ..

Mult li.poise- - - - qu’ ' il- - ' la' it " rs I..:- ’amie. ..t ^ Kn la vile n ’out chevalier,

: ki fust, venus pur turneier,

qae Guigemar n* en meimt od eel. -.

Uhweoms 11 afie sa fei; .

od lul iront quel part qu'il alt; mult ost honiz hi or. li fait.

la nuit sunt al chaatel vena. .

. ki guetrelout iieriad

ki mult en fu joins e liez

do Guigemar e de s*aie; hien set que sa guerre est finie. ?#

MmM in rwo-hnnn I will hemnmA irotvr

Two years, and even more I pledge you.

And with me all my knights i one h

If they be not enough, I will find more."

Then answered Heriadus6 good friend; i never can be taken so by surprise i -i;

Hor can I be found in such great distress

That I require your aid. I found the lady.

And I shall keep her, and I shall defend her Against you and your men and all your friends."

His men to leave the castle. He was fearful,

His heart was leavy. Soon there was no knight

Who had come tor the tournament to joust

Who had not heard that the great chevalier Had found his love and lost her. Every one

Soon found Guigemar and pledged his faith to fight

And help-him win iiis lady* There was no knight

Who would not have felt shame had he withheld

His aid. By night did Guigemar lead his friends

Unto the castle which Keriadus Was planning to attack. That castle’s lord

Received them joyfully, and sheltered them.

For now he knew he had no cause to fear

His enemy, Heriadus. ¥?

El a e m i n par isatln leverent,......

par les ostela se qunreerent, .*

- De la vile is sent a grant "bruit; ? Guigemar primes les cunduit.

Al ohastel vienent, si 1'asaillent;

mes forz esteit, al prendre failleat.

Guigemar a la vile.assise; . n*en turnera, si sera prise- ...

• Taut li crurent ami e -genz, ; -

q.ue tuz les afama dedenz......

Le; ohastel a destruit e pris ...

•. e le seignur dedenz ocis. . :

-.A grant joie s*amie en melne*

Ore a trespassee sa peine.

t - - .De ees.t cunte q.u’oi avem -

fu. Guigemar 11 lais trovez, , . • que hum fait en harpe e en rote;

hone en est a olr la note. .

.1

■ ' '

-- '■ •• rv.:' i'"-- The knights earn# to a common meeting place

And with great noise they issued from the gates*

With Guigemar at its head, the knightly host

Arrived at the castle of MerIndus*

Though the attack was strong, the castle stood.

For it was stronger. Then Guigemar besieged it.

For he would not turn back until he won

The victory* To hold the siege his friends

Were faithful, so that soon the ones within

The castle were distressed for want of food.

The knights attacked again, the castle fell. Its lord was killed* Guigemar reclaimed his love

And all his cares came to an end at last.

Sow from this story that I oft have heard. The ancient lai of Guigemar was composed.

Which men play on the harp and sing in rote;

Pleasant, indeed, it is to hear its note. r", ■ ^ ■

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: : , . v vH-iAv-'r:*' 79

AUSTIO

% # aTentore vus dirai, dust 11 Breton flront on lai. L^fistlo a nun, ceo m*68t vis, si l Tapelent en lor pals; oeo est rueslgnol en Franoeis e nihtegale en droit Engels*

En Se int Halo en la con tree ot one vile renomee• Dui chevalier ileo maneient

e doos forz maisuna i aveient.

For la boats dee doom barons fu do la vile bo ns 11 non#.

Li on# aveit femme espusee, sage, ourteise e aeeamee; a merveille se tenelt chiere solune 1*usage e la iraniere.

Li altre fu one baehelers, bien eonedz entre ses pars, de pruSeee, de grant valor e volentiers faiseit honor. i •

k x ) . . ■■ ■ v: --' >" V -V - - ■ '/v ;vi;.

LUtfeTIC

A story I shall/ tell you^ taken from :'

A Breton lal. i ’Afistlc is the title, ' J

I think,- for thus they call it in their land.

L ’Altetic means, in French, "Le Rossignol,"

And in proper English, "The Right ingale."

In Brittany at Saint-Halo there was ’ A famous town. Two chevaliers dwelt there.

Both horn of: ancient families and houses

Of high nobility. The bounty of : The two great barons gave their native city

A fair renown. One of them had a wife.

Good, courteous, well-groomed. 'It was a marvel

How well she Cared for her person and- beauty

According to the best habits and customs Afforded by the days in which she lived.

The other baron was a baeheler, “

Well known among his peers for boldness, valor.

And all the willing honors he accorded - To others* r - - ^ - ; - "

/ 81

Mult tumelot e deapendeit

a bien donot coo &u'il avolt.

La femme sun veisin araa*

Tant la req.uist, tan t la pro la

e tant par ot en lul grant M e n

4u'ele I'mta our tut* rlen. r U n t parole Men. .au’ele ,en ol,..K

, taot pur 080 %u'il ert Pr88 d® U •,%: Sagement e blen s * entramerent* : , j

Malt se serrlrenS e guarderent

qu'll ne fussent aparcel ne deaturbi. ne meaerel*. .

. % 11 le poeient blen faire, \ y kar .pres estelent lur repairs »• -

piweelnes furent lur naisuns yi;

e lur sales e lur dim June; :

n 1! ayelt barre ne devise . :

fors un halt, mur de pi ere bias*

V . Dos; chambres :us la dame jate ■ quant a la f enestre ; s.* estut* c

poelt-parler a sun &ml, r - .. d# I ’altre part e-11 a 11* y - ‘

r e lur avelrm^ emtrwhangle r

e par geter, e par laneieri.yi i . -

M ,unt goalres rlen kl lur deeplaise i

(mult estelent amdul a alse) He would jo list at all::the tourneys.

He freely spent ,? and gladly gave whatever .

He had to the needy. His neighbor's wife He fondly loved; so much he begged' and pleaded

With her, and also for that he was worthy r

By his own merits, finally she came - J

1© love him more than all beside^ as much

Because of good reports she heard of him .

As for the reason tint he dwelt nearby. ' i

They plotted• well"/md'-'wis'ely''-'then1' together;

They took great care to well conceal and guard

Themselves against discovery', disturbance. Or slight suspicion. They could manage well.

Because their homes were'built so close together.

Their houses being neighbors, and their halls And towers; neither was t h e m any-barrier

Or mark of division eseept a high wall, ^

Made of brown stone. From the apartment* where

The lady used to sleep,; when she would stand

Before the window* she could speak with ease With her fond lover on the other side.

Of the high wall, end he could speak with her;

They could exchange their pledges and love tokens

By dropping them down or by throwing them.

There was hardly a t h i % that troubled them

(For both possessed great happiness and Joy) fors tant. quMl. ne poeent venir . , del tut onaemble a lur plaisir; 0 v

Icar la dame ert estreit guardee, ... quant oil esteit en'.ltL cuntree« r ; Mes, de tent ayeient retor,: : - u fust par-nuit, us .fust par Ju r t qu? enseoble poeient- parlor; L ; nula . nes poeit do ceq g m r d e r • . qufa la fenestra nU.venisstnt ; . e iloec ne s'entrevolssent. :

Lungement-se aunt entrame, » ,, t&®t que ceo Tint a un est6, qua bruil e pre sunt reverdl e;li vergierterent fluri. . , Oil oiseletpar grantdulqur ; r mainont .'lur-- joie en a m la flur» .

Zi qmur. a a sun -talent,_ , t ;- nVest meryeille s 1 il i ontent,. . ,

Del eheyalier Tus d i m i T®ir: il i entent a sun poeir ; . e la dame do I ’altre part - , e de parler e de reguart.

nuls quant la lune luiseit

,e sis sire .eulehiea esteit, de juste lui so vent levot e de. sun-mantel stefublot* Except that they were not able to come f fegeteer at their pleasure. For the lady

Was closely gusrded at the times when he Was in the country.v But'indeed they had

A recompense* for that, for night or day,

They might speak to each other. - There was nothing f© hinder them from going to the window, jfoid talking there together. For a long time fhoy loved each other thus. At length there oame

A summer, when the woods and the broad meadows

Were growing green,--wiiah all the brchards bloomed

And all the blids with* voices^ sweet partook Of life’s delights^on-every flower-topi

Wtoever cherishes love in hie heart,-

It is no.wonder that he understands. "

Of the chevalier I will tell you truly,

Be understood full well, and for her part.

The Indy also-made her longings known By speaking-and”by gazing. When the moon

Was glowing in the heavens, and her lord

Had gone to sleep*, then oft she would arise;

Wrapping herself* in her robe * she would come 85 ,

A la fonootre ester vonoit

pur e un ami ^u1 ol i eayoit", ki. altel vie domenot; : . , le plus do la nult en veillo t.

Selit. aveient al veeir , quant plus no pooient av#lr. $ant. 1 e s tut,. tant. 1 leva •

quo sis sire c en corupa ^

e melnte fels, 11 deaanda •

pur quel levot e uala. v:

'Sire*, la;dame li rqspunt, : * 11 non a jole on leost mund,

3ci,s»a:.0;t, 1;?afletio

Tant duleement l/i ol la nuit

que mult me oetriblo grant doduit; tant me delite e tant le-vueil

que jeo ne puis dorair del^ueil.

Quant 11 sire ot; que olo dip t, d'lre e do maltalent en riot.

.D’une obese se purponBa, -

que 1'adstio engignera# _

Il.-n-’ot vaslet an sa maisun

no. face engln, reis u lapun;

pule les metent par le rergier.

5*1 ot coldre ne chastaignler 86 V

And stand in tbs window, for. aho Imew. well

Hor lover. would be waiting- for:her coming.

He led the same existence; he would stay

Awake most of the night.. : Bach took great joy

In seeing and. Speaking with the other.

Since they could not have, more, po many times

She did arise, tint her husband took notice.

Became angry, andL many t imos he asked her Why the arose and where she went. She answered,

"My lord, that one has no joy. in this, world

Who does not listen to the nightingale Singing in the moonlight. For that reason

Ton see me here awake. I often hear him

At night, so sweetly si t i n g in the orchard

$hat his song .brings delight, enchants me so that I desire to listen to his :song,

And cannot go to sleep." How when the lord

Heard what she ,said, he smiled in s o o m and anger.

And wickedness. He planned to trap the bird. The next day, there was not a:page in M s house

Who did not make a snare, a net, or springe.

To place about in the flowering orchard*

There was no hazel tree or chestnut where 87

u. il ne mo tost las u glm,

tant qse iris 1 * ust e rctenu. :

'.-,#mmt si 1 laiiatlc' orent prls, .

al aeignur fa rendas taz vis.

Malt en fa:lies,. quant,11 le: tint. :

As. e hamtros a la dame vlst*

fDaao,t fot il, *a ostos vus?

Venez avast I Paries a~sasi • .1 -

Jeo al l faiistie englgnle, t

pur qasi vus aves taut voillie. r,

Pes or po os, gisir en pa is; :

11 ne vus os vo ill era caisi *

Quant la dame l Ta entands, :

4®lento e eurefusefui-

A man aeignur 1 ’ a demand e,

e 11 1 * o'ci st par engres t^• • Le col <11 rant a ses do us meins: do ceo fist 11 quo -trap vile Ins.

Sar la dame lo core .geta, : :

• si qae sun chains o' ensanglenta .;

an pel desar le plz devant. ?„.•

De la ctmmhre s ! en is t a tent.

'La dame prent le cors petit. .

Burement plure e ii maid it

taz eels kl l^atLstic tralrent,

les engine e les lagans firent. They did not spread, their cords and. lime,,to catch

And hold the bird. When, he was snared at last.

Alive they carried him unto the master.

Who, when he hold him, was most pleased, and took The bird to -his wife’s chamber, "lady,” said he,

"Gome here! I have something to say .to you!

I now have caught t lie nightingale for whom You have remained -awake so much and listened.

From this day on you ray sleep-peacefully.

For he shall never wake you. an y morel” When she heard this,-'she .-was morose and angry

And sad* She asked her husband for ,the:bird

But ho at once with violence did kill it;

He wrung its frail neck with'his hands, and then

He acted in a vile, too;cruel manner./;

Ho threw the bleeding body of the bird

Upon his wife, so that the flowing blood

Mad® a pitiful stain upon her breast;:: The lord then’ turned and left her there alone.

The lady took the little body, sadly:

She wept, and cursed the pages who had #augh% him.

The ones who had prepared the nets and lime. kar mult 11 unt toloit grant halt,

'lasse*, fet ele, *mal m ’ostaiti

He -purral mes la nult lever ,

n*aler a la f enestre eater,' : v

u jeo suell mim ami veelr. _ : Hue ohose sal jeo ^e ,velr# .

11 #iaera quo jeo me f eigne. : - \ ;■ Be ceo m ’ostuet qae etmseil preigne:

' Vadstic 'er 11 .■•tramatrati':v,;..;

r l^aventurerli m a n l e z m M •: -v..;* . En une piece :de samit^ \ • • ; . •

a dr brusde e tut f esorit,u r ■

a l 1 olselet envolupe. : r. . •'

tia 'suen'..vaslet; a apel^w '; r ;

;San message li a,cfaargie, -

- a,sun ami I ’a envei^. • .; ' .: Cil.est al chevalier veaaa..

Be'sa dame 11 dist salus,; • i . tut oun message 11 cunt a ..: : . i •

e 1 Fails tic 11 presents.

Quant tut 11 a dit e mustre

e 11 l-’avelt bien; escult 6, c ; ..: ' do 1'aventure osteit dclmz;- - ,

- mes n e :fu pas vileins ne .lens* Un vaisselet a fet forgier.:

Unkes n'i ot fer ne acier: , #0

Ana had deprived her of her greatest pleasure.

,rAlaa!n she eried, nAh •■yoe is mei . for never ,

Oan I arise at night, nor go to stand ,

Before ny -winde//, there to see my lover.

Of one thing I am sure. . He will helisve.

When I do not appear, that I am-faithless. <

So:I must needs determine what to do. r fhe nightingale I shall present to him,- •' •

And tell him v/hat-iias happened.n In a piece

Of silk, with gold brocaded, where the story

Was written, did she wrap ih® nightingale.

Her page she called. Her message she entrusted

$o him, and sent him to her lover1 s house. The page came to the knight, and gave him greetings

In behalf of M s lady; then he told him

Her message, and presented her Inst token

Of love, the little nightingaleTs dead body.

When, having heard the story, he dismissed

The page, the chevalier was most despondent.

But he decided shortly what to do.

He had a little casket made; no copper

lor iron was in it— all was of fine gold. 91

tuz fu a for fin od bones pieres,

mult preclUsee e mult ©Meres;

: ■ . covercle 1 ot trcsblen as Is. , ■ L*a&stlc aveit dedens mis; ., puls fist la chasse enseeler,, tuz jurs!*a falte od lul .porter.

• : :.'v: ..i'i' L:V r , :; Cele aventure fu ountee, ne pot estre lunges celec.

W * lal en fIrent 11. Bretum . , •

- —e 1 1 AiLst 1 cl 1 apel6 hum.:; 92

11 tix preolo** Jewels very rich and costly*

There was a cover for the tiny casket

That tightly fit. The little nightingale;

Was tenderly inside the casket laid;

The reliquary then was sealed* The knight

Upon his person wore it ever after.

At length the story aad cane to be known*

For such a tale cannot long he concealed.

The Bretons made a lai, and often sang

Of the two noble lovers and I^Afistic. MILOT 93

MILT®

Ki divers ountee vaelt traitier, diversement deit comencier e parier si raisnablement queil salt plaielble a la gent lei ooeeneerai Milan e musterrai par brief sermun pur q.aei e eorient f u troves

11 laia ki issl eat name*.

Milan fa de Suhtwales nez.

Puis le jar ^a1 il fa adobes ne trova un sal chevalier ki l ,abatist de son destrier.

Mult par estelt tons chevaliers, frans e hardiz, cartels e flers.

Mult fa oone&z en Irlande e en lomeie e en Gohtlande; en Loegres e en Albania ourent plusor de lui envle.

Pur sa pralaee ert mult amez e de mala princes honorez. 94

When one has several stories to relate

He should begin them all in different ways.

He also should take reasonable care , ^ $o make them so that they will please the reader. I wish to tell you. now a T tale called Milun,

And I shall show a# briefly as 1 can :

By whom and how. the story was composed Which I name here, - > c

Milun was horn -in So uthwales f le’er since the day when he was dubbed a knight

Could any chevalier be found vho might

Cheeat him from his horse* He was most wortty,

Frank and courageous, courteous and proud.

In Ireland he was known, **'4 In Horway, In Denmark, in Loegrin, and in Scotland,

Where there were many vho were envious

His courage made him much beloved and. honored

By many princes. . 95

En sa cuntree ot an baron, mes jeo ne sal numer sun nun.

II avelt une fills, bole e mult curtelse damelsele.

Ele ot ol Milan nomer; mult le oumenca a amer. ^ \ i m r aun message ll manda i.-v: nr g.ue . as 11 glalmt, *1 l*amera. , . . cu Milan, fa lies do la novels, v .

"Sl'n'aerela-la dameleela; xre * r -■ I volentiers etrla 1 ’ammr, .ir-xx ^ l-r,', n *en partlra ja mes nul jur. r. x ? -:

Asea 11 fait cartels respuns. .-x Z ;‘o! A1 message dona granz duns e grantJ amis tie : 11 premet.;;

•AMs ♦ i: fet 11, •or tVentremet - - *: qufa m'amle palsse parler - . e do mostre eunsell eeler.- . ■ ’ ' > : Man anel d • or 11 porters# r . e. de male part 11 dujrrez. : i

Quant 11 plaira, si vien pur mel, X s. jeo iral ensemble M tel.* • -

Oil prent oungie, a tant le la it. ;

A sa damelsele revalt. . ■ -

L ’anel 11 dune, si 11 diet que blen a fet oeo que 11 quist. How. in his homeland• ;

$here was a haron whom I cannot name;;

He had a daushter,:oourteous and lovely#

She heard so many praises of Milan.

That finally she. did begin to. love him.

One day sis seat a mespenger to him

To say that if.he wished*:he might hecomo

The master: of her heart, llilun rejoiced When he received the message. In return .

He offered her his: thanks, and said that he

Would gladly pledge his love-to her, nor would He ever leave her; thus he made reply.

Rich presents gave he to the messenger.

And promised great fidelity, .to him..;

^Comrade," said Milun, "How devise a means

That I may meet.my lady, and conceal, .n

Our secret friendship. You shall take to her

My golden ring, then say in my behalf -. . That when it please her, let her come to me Or I/shall - go vie her." . : The page took leave.

Returning to his lady. He delivered

The ring, and told her t bat he had fulfilled light well the„mission she had given him. 91

Mult fu la dameisele llee do l*amur issi otriSo.- : 23el6z sa cbambre en un vergler . :

u ele alout esbanelep,. c J

la Justoudnt lur jarlement . : ; :

Milim e ele'bien suvent. : : ; • Tant 1-vint Mllun, tant llama i r. ;

q.ue la: dameisele encelnta. : Quant aparcut qu’ ele est encointe,

Mllun- mandar, si f is t ea pleinte. :

Diet 11 cument est. avenu, . rr 8ronur e son bien a perdu, / rc

quant de tel' fet a?est entremise;: ft# 11 iert falte granz justise:; ; i;,

a glaive se:ra':-'t«r*«6ee v::;

u veWme en al tre ?cuntree.^ •

Ceo-fu oustume as and8ns r I :

e s*i teneient en-cel tens. , ,

Milun respunt que il fora • _ .

quan que ele ounseillerm. ' - :

* Quant li # ^ # ® 1 f fait ele, *iert nez,

a ma serur l Ten porterez,

ici en Bdrhumbre est mariSe, t ; •

ridbe dame, pruz e senee, Cr

si li Banfteres par escrit

e parparoles e par dit the maiden then greatly rejoiced because

Her love was thus requited. Hear1 her room

Within an orchard where she of ten walked

To recreate herself, there were arranged

Her meetings with Hilun. So oft he came.

So dearly did he love her, that ere long

She was with child• Wish she became aware

Of this coni it ion, she sent for Kilun.

She told him of her plight, and that she now

Had lost her honor and her all, because

Of her deep iote f©r hiiu She would be made A great example; for she knew full well

That she would be put to the sword, or sold

Into a distant country as a slave.

Such was the custom of the ancient times.

And in that day 1t was In practice still.

Milun replied that -tic:wo old gladly d© >

Whatever she might Wish. She then revealed

Her plan, "When the infant,“ said ehe, is born

Xou ®M i l take him and give him to my sister

Who is married, llv 1% in Horthumbria.

She is a wealthy la fly; wise, and kind;

You shall "Inf or® her by means of - a lett er.

And by your wards, and by confession that qtie c rest 11 enfes sa serur, si’n a sufert melnte dolur.

Or g m r t que 11 salt M e n Harris, quels qae; co salt, U: fille u. flz.

Vostre, anel al eol 11 pendral e un brief 11 envelerali . iert 11 nuns, sun pere e I ’aventure de. sa mere... Quant 11 sera granz e creftz . e en tel aage venuz f : qua 11 sace ralsun entendre,. _ la brief, e I ’aael li.teit rwdre, si 11 oumant tant a .guarder que sun pero pulese trover.1 r:

; h A col ounsellse sunt tanuz. tant quo 11 tomes est venue : que la «Miei sale enfant a. ...

Une vieille :ki la guar da,.. . a qui :tut sun estre gel t . , ; v; tant, la cela, tant la .covrl, . , . onqms n 1 en fa aparoetaaco, . en narole ne en semblance. . . . la meschine ot un flz mult bel

Ai col 11 pendireat I'anel . ,.,r e une almosniore de sole The Infant ia indeed her oister* s ehlld# ind that because.'of 'him his mother has

Endured great sufferii^. Esfuest of her.

That she care for the ‘baby, boy or girl.

Your golden ring,I shall put on a. cord ,

To place about his neck, and I will send i

A statement;'written'there M i l tbs: the .name

Of both his father and his1 mother,' so

That when he shall be grown, and.shall; have come

To such an age that he may; understand,

She is to give-to him the ring and. statement,

And eoimser him to keep them carefully,

That he may be able-to"f ind his .father." .

To this plan they agreed. -At last the time

Arrived, and the young woman bore a son. _

There was a n ; did servant'who cared for; h®p.

To v/liom she htil confessed her grave condition; This woman did so well conceal . and shield her

That no suspicion was aroused "by word

Or by appearance. The young mother took

Her eon, and om his neck-she hung the ring;

She had prepared a little silken box;

..." S a i 3 9 . avu.ec le "brief que nulo nel veie#

Puls vie dulchent en ua

eutelupS. d *un blanc lingnele _ < . Dedesuarla teete.a; 1’enfant,

miatrent on ereillier.vaillant > •,

o deeuo lui un - co vertur, . : . : , urle de martre:tp.t.:en tur* : .3 . ' la vleille.r 1 ?a Milan baillie,

ki l-1*. aten&ue * el vergler* :, • • -i ..; - II: le oomanda ra tel, gent :: ... jr .

ki. l^n: porterent leialment« ^ Par. les vilea: u 11 errouent

a.et: fels-,le : jurrae r.eppeoBnt: - V; - l^enfsnt falseient alnitler, ; ; oolchler de navel e balgnier#

: Tant ant le- dreit chomln erre-.

•

::Gil ki l'.enfant-orenfc porte , , :: en lor pa Is sunt r et or ne. =, - . ,.r.

. : ' 1 i i j 1T" .r. ■■

Milan eissi fors de sa terre en Goldecs pur sun pria querre. V/ithin it was -the written doctunent i••

That no one was : to see.. they laid--the child.

Wrapped in white garment's,, in a tiny cradle#

Trader his head thoy placed a lovely pillow $ The robe that covered-him was fringed with sable#

The s ervant took him:to: the orchard, where

Milan was mitirg* - .He in-turn entrusted

His son to several -of his faithful men, :

Who loyally weeivM'hi®* ( In the cities

Through wliiph they passed, they halted seven.times Each day to feed the: infant and-to b a t M him. And le t M m sle ep* The journey thus eont inued

Until they raaehed the-'lady, who received The ohild with greatest'-pleasure; when she found

The document, she broken the seal and read it*

The child Vs identity she (learned ,1 .and then With her whole heart she: loved-her si star’s son* Those who had brought him soon returned to Wales*

Milan, to prove his valor, put - himself 1 "

To hire; he left the country, and his love 103/

S'amle remest amaisun*

Sis pare 11 duna tarun,

an mult;riche hume -del pals, .

mult esferelhle e.de grant pris,

•Quant, el e sot cele a venture i: .: -

mult est Aelente a desmesure ;r •::: • e suvent re grate Milan# v ; v

' ■ ■ ■ ' ■' : Oar mult, data la mesprleml ? - i

de ceo qu'ele otjed enfant; : / :

11 1# savra demeintenant. : ^ : r s';

’Lasse1, :fetlel#yZ»#%#'(fee#!? r u-c ■■■ :-n: eeignur? /Cum le prendrai? .

Ja ne: sui jeo mle pueele; /.c-:

; a tuz jurs mes sera! anoeleI 1 >; /

ne sol: pas que fust issi, i /

ainz quldoue aveir man ami; - / : ? /

L entre nas oeljssum I ’afaire, c ja ne I ’olsse aillurs. retraire. . 1;

Mielz me vendrelt murir iue vivre; : i mesjeo ne sui mle a delivre, ^

ainz ai asez sur mei gaardeina

vielz e jaefnesa»s chaaterlein®. •.

ki turn jars heent bone amur r : : -: l r.: ; e se delitent en triatur

Or m ’esturra issi sufrlr,

lasse, quant jeo ne pais murlr.1 R e m i m d at hone, awaitii® his return.

Bat ere he could prove worthy of her hand.

Her father gave her to a weal thy baron

Of his own land, a strong and valorous lord*

When she learned'of her fate, quite overcome

With sadneaa, she v/ished often for Milan* She knew her lord would scorn her when he learned

That she had borne a ehild; and he would know

Ere long her seerei* RAh, AlasI" she cried,

"What shall I do? Am I to have a husband?

Hem shall I go to him? I am no longer .,

A maiden; I shall be disgraced forever*

Sever did I suppose it would be thus.

Rather I thought to marry my dear love;

We could between us have concealed the matter.

And never would it have been noised .abroad*

•Twer® better now for me to die than live.

But ah, I know not how I could escape.

For many servants guard me, old and young.

Who ever scoff„at true love,, and delight

In somberness* Then I must suffer here.

Alone and weary, since I cannot die*®- . At teimo qu*ele fa donee,

sis sire l*en a amenee»

• Milunrevint ensunpais.

Mult fa dolehz, mult fa pensis,*

grant doer f ist, grant doel demena; mes de oeo se reounforta'

'qud pres1 esteit de sa euhtree aele qu'il tant aveit ameea ^

Milun se prist’ a parpenser

: oomehf 11 li puira mander-, ' ' si qa*il- ne seit aparoettoV- i.':

qa*il est el pals revenuz. 1 r

Ses letres fist, sis seela.; Un cisne aveit :qu< 11 mult ama; -

le brief 11 a al eol liS 7 . e dedenz la plume muscle* : Un auen esq^aiSr apela,

sun message 11 enoharja*

*Va tost*, fet 11, *e*mmge tes drasl Al ohas tel m ’amie en irras.

Mun.-cisne porteras bd tei* - -

Guards goe en prenges ounrel,

a par servant a par meschine,

%ue presentee 11 seit 11 cisne** Oil a fet sunoomandement* 106 '

She wedding day arrived,• and her new lord look her, all e o m m i h g , away with him;

Milan, returning,’ learned that, she was wed*'

Pensive and sad, he moiirned and grieved for her*

But he found comfort' in tist near his own land The one whom he had loved so much now dwelt.

Milan hegan to consider a plan Whereby: he might infdrm his lady love

Of hie return. He v/rote a letter to her

And sealed it carefully.- He had a swan,

A pet that he loved greatly; to its neck

He tied the letter and concealed it well

Beneath the feathers-. -Then he- called M s page; To him he gave the letter and the - swan.

"Go quickly,"’said he4 HehaEge your elethesl You shall

Go to the castle of my love, and carry’

J£y swan with you. Take care lest he be touched

By any maid or servant. You yourself

Must give him to the lady." This command

The page obeyed* ■

; >-... i -, . ;; A taut s*an vet; le eigne prent

fat le dreit cheoin qa# 11 mot aX ehastel; vint 9 si eua il pot.

Marini la vile est trespaseez,

a la mestre porte eat alez*

Le^port iez; apela a sei.

’Amis % fet 11, Content a nail ■ Jeo sui.ims huem_de tel roes tier

d 1oisels.prendre roe sal aidier.

En un pre deanz KarliQn ,»> un .eisne pris od mun la can.

zPur-v.fdrde: e .pur.melzrb

,la dame en ynel% falre present, tae jeo no seie desturte®

en. ceot pa$s,; achaisane®. •

; M; ta@helers li respundi:.

’Amis, nuls ne parole a 11;

: see ne puree: j ’ iral aavoir. Se jeo poeie liu veeir ,

que, Jeo t ’ i. petisso mener,

je@» te fereie a li parler.* ;

En la sale vint li portiers, ,

n ’i trova fore dous chevaliers 4 #* sar une grant table seeient,

od uno oseties se deduieient.

Haativoment returne arlere. He took the smn, diagato e&

Htmeelf, an& starts ea hi# mieelon. Soon,

By following th# straight highway, he came

Bear to the eastle* He passe# thnoagh the town, ...... ■ Approached the foain gateway, and called aloud*

The gate-keeper' appeared. The page said, "Ceerade

Listen to iael I ain a w b r t ^ tradesman;

To earn my living I catch birds. Today,

Below Carlion ih a field I caught

This swan. I must dispose of it at once. „

I wish to give it to your lady so

X may not be pursued for havir^ broken

This ao tmtry ’ s laws •n The' gate-keeper replied ,

"Friend, no one is allowed' to speak to her;

But you are in distress, and I shall g®

M d look, and if I find some way to see her.

And take you to my lady, I will gladly . :

Arrange it so that you may speak with her.”

The porter entered then the lower hall,

And found two krilghts who played before a table

At chess togethef1. Quickly he returned! Oeltri. m ein® en tel caniere

0,1X0 de nului no fu sstls, dosturbez ne aparceils.

A la. ohasbre vlent, si apele;

I ’ua Inr ovri uno paoele.

Oil sunt aeiant la dan a, alS,

sl.unt le oigno prsssntS# . KLe apola on suen vaslet»

Pals si 11 dit: ’Or t^ntrcmet ... mis pi gn es ae it 1) i sn guard ez

e p w 11 alt vimde aseai' tJ)am6,> fet oil ki l*aporta, r

TJa nuls fors t u b n©l recovra.

E :Ja ost oeo $r0i « a rtials;

veea cum il est tons o "boals! *

. Sitre sea mains 11 bailie e,.rent*

SI lo reoeit mult bonwant, La col li manie e lo chief,

desus l a : plume sent It brie

1 1 sons li remut e fremi: bien sot qu1!! vint de sun ami.

Celui a fet del suen doner.

. si l*en cumanda a aler.

Quant la chambre fu dollTree uno meeohlne a spelt#. n o :--

He lea the page In such, a way that tie Was not atatarted tier notioedv To the chamber ,

They oami, and called, . A cald appeared and opened.

The doer for them. They went tiefere the lady. And presented the swan. She called a -page.

And said, wlow see that this bird ■ ties good care,

As well as -f cod s ^ f i c i m t to its need** •

nMy lady," cried the one who had brought It, "Hone but you must receive it, for it is

A royal present. 8##'- tiew’beautiful A bird tie is, and gentle!" In her^tiands He placed the s m n ^ Sad graciousiy ste took it;

Caressing its neck and its head, she felt

Beneath the feathers/ t he message of Kilim,

She trembled, her blood atirred,'for well she knew

That It came from tier lover,: She dismissed.

With many gifts, the messenger, and when Le brief avelenfc deslle; ele on a le seel bruisie,

Al prlBler e M e f trevs ,MllunT.

Be atm ami ounut le nun;

cent fela le baisS enplurant,

ainz qu'ele puisse lire avant, . Al chief de piece veit I'esorlt,

oeo gu’il ot cumande e dit,.

les granz peines e la dolur

> que Milan suefre nui t e Jur.

Ore est del tat,en sun plalslr de lui ocire a de guarir. . <,

S 1 ele settst engln ti»ver

cum 11 pedst a li parlor,. ^ ,

par see letres:li ronandast

. ;e le cisne li renveiast• , .<

: Primes le face M e n guarder, , .ivpnis si le laiet taat Jeteer

- trei® -jnr#,quo 11 ne selt pefis #* 11 bri6s li selt al: ool penduz;

laiatl*en alert 11 volera

la u 11 primes conrersa*

Quant ele ot tat I ’eaerit vet

e oeo qu'ele i ot entenda,

le eigne fet blen ear jumer

e formant peetre e aberrer. 112 :

The room was ' empty, her own maid she called*

The message -she unfolded, broke its seal.

And on ,the first line s lie saw 'written* "Milun#n

She recognised her lover's name, and weeping, A hundred times she kissed it ere she could

Bead further# Then the message did inform her

Of Milan's pain and sadness which endured

Both day and night# He told her that her power

Alone could cure, or he must die: he prayed

That she should find a way to speak with him. She could infer® him by a written message.

Which the -swan would return to him; but first

She must see that the bird had excellent care .

For some time,: then for three days let him fast;

The message should be fastened to his meek.

Then he should be released,5 for he would fly

Back to his former dwelling* When the lady Had read ,the message,' and had understwod.

Completely all its contents, carefully

She gave the swan to eat and drink, and ordered

That it be properly attended# There 113 /

Beams; na chairibro un meis le tint. Kos

Sant, quint par; art e .par engln, : - . quo elc ot enfcq o parohemin. ,

% trief emerl#t tel :e«.; 11 :$let, t:.;

@4 tm anel l*onaeolot. ^ ; ;; Le ;ciene. ot laiaslS jeQner;-* : / :;

al cel 11 pent, nil la it aler. .•

: LI lolaelo entolt famoillus;; . ; ‘ .•

" •0 de viando oovoltus; : . - ;

: liantivoraent ost revenue ; . v:;

la dimt 11 primeo fu noils. -. ;

Sn la vile- a-en la' ralnun - : descent devant loo piess Milun.

: Quant 11 la vit, .mult on -fu liez$..

' par-len olas le prent haltlea.

11 apela sun donnensler, ; . - s i <11 fet doner a mangier.

Bel col 11 a le brief oete. , ;

Be chief en chief . I’a esguard^,

1 e® ena a ign os qu111 1 trova,

e dee saluz so rehaita;

’no puet ®enz lul nal bien avoir ##

or 11 recant tut sun lolelr

par le eigne sifaitenent5 * SI fera 11 hast!Yemeni. Within her room she kept him for a month.

And mow hear what happened. The lady plotted fo seeretly obtain parchment and ink.

She wrote a letter telling her desires.

And sealed it with her ring. She had allowed The swan'to fast; upon its neok she placed

Her message, and released him. He was hungry;

He wanted feed * and swiftly he took flight

Towards the place vdiere formerly he had been.

He flew to-tee eity, and to the hetts#^ And came to rest at Milan's feet. The knight

Rejoiced on seeing "him, and-qaiekly took

Him by the Wing#, and called oat to-his steward

And had him given food. He found the message

Upon his neck, and read from end to end

The lines his love had wrltten. He re joined

To find teat she still loved him; for she said,

’Without him was no happiness for her In all the world, and so by means of the swan. In this way— •414 she send to him her love. *

And shortly the knight sent his answer likewise Vint ana menerent cele vie

Milan enfcre lul e s'amie.

. Del eigne firent .measagier, - . :I;

n ’i aveient altre enparlier,

e qil rfaiseient Jetiner rrr, « ainz:qu’il le laissasowat voleri

.nail',a- qui H eisele veneit, . - -

■Mm: sasies* qoe 11 le paisaeit. Ensemble yindrent pluaurs feiz.

: Buis ne pue.t eatre at -destraia ; .

v re al teams estreitement^ , . * que 11 ne truisse liu sovest*

'-'.'I' , : '.!• ; ’ •' i ; v ; V v s; La danse -lei lur fiz nurri6 n : (tant ot este eneemble od li .

; : qu-Ul esteit^venuz .en ee) j . i a ohavaller Ita aduhe.

Mult 1 aveit gent dameisele j ;; -i

Le brief 11 readl e 1'anel.,

. Puls 11 a dit kl eat aa mere,

e I'aventure de sun pere, • , ;;.:

, e emm 11 %##t teas chevaliers, .

;:taat yros, tant bardIs e tant flora

n*ot en la terra mil me ill or

de sun prie ne de a a valor.

Quant la dame 11 ot mustre For twenty years they led that life, Milim

And his dear love. Always the swan did hear

fheir messages, nor had they any other ;

Means of exchanging news. Each made the swan

Endure a fast before he was released.

The one to whom he eame would feed him well

And satiefy his hunger. Several times The lovers met, £oronecanno t b e g u a r d e d

lor watched so closely that he is not able

Sometimes to. make evasioM if he wishes.

She lady who had t eared their son had kept him

So long with her that he had grown to manhood.

She saw to it that he was dubbed a knight.

Many gallant young chevaliers were present

To see the ceremony. Afterward#, . .

The document she gave him, the ring. And to Id. him vaiio hi* mother was, also The stoiy of his famoim father— how

He was a fine, chevalier, so courageous.

So bold and proud that there was in land

Ho knight superior to him in valor ...

And worthiness, lew when the lady had « ii I ’aveit bien es(suite,

del bienaun per© s'esjol;

lies fu de ceo qu'll ot ol, ;

A sei meismee penee e dlt:

‘Mult ae delt huem prelsler petit,

q,uant il is si f u engendrez ^ ■- - • sis pere est si ml####,: ^ 8*11 ne se met en grelgnur pris

f@*® de la terre e del pals* * :

isez avelt sun estuvelr* .

11 he demure tore le selr; -el demaln avelt pris cungie* •

la dame 1*a mult ehastle

e de blen faire amoneste; •

aaez 11 a avoir done* ' •- - -

A Suhthaaptune valt passer; •

cum 11 ,ainz pot, se mist en mer*

• A; 3arbefluet. est arlvezi : ; ; -

droit en Bretalgne en est alez. .

La despendl e turaeia;

a# riches humes,s* culnta* • .

toques he vInt en nul estur >>

quo 1 *en nel tenlst-al meillur•

Les povres chevaliers amot;

oeo que des riches guaalgnot 118

Revealed to the. young chevalier, who listened

With great attention, all the high esteem Possessed by his- renowned sire, he rejoiced

At what he heard; he thought awhile in alienee,

Then said, "A man must needs despise himself

If,eon of sneh a well renowned father, .

He doe® not try to claim his heritage .

By proving greater w>rth in distant lands

fhan he could gain at home." This resolution

Once made, wa® changed to action. One night only

Did he remain; tb3 next day he departed.

The lady did admonish him, advising : That he tiiould ever act as well befits

A noble knight* She gave him an abundance

Of money. - ^ :

• ' ■ ■ -'V I ■

To Soutimiptoh for the oioseing *r

He went; soon he embarked, and at Barfleur He landed; straight to Brittany he travelled.

There he spent wisely, jousted at the tourneys.

And made the acquaintance of many rich men.

lever did he take part in any fray :: ; ~ ,

But that lie was named winner by the judges.

He loved the poorer kni^htsi That which he won

From wealthy men he gave to them; he hired 119

lur donout e sis reteneit, i e molt largment despendelt.

Ungues sen. veal ne surjurms \ l ;

De tu-tes les terres de la

porta le. prls e la valur; " . ,

mult fu cartels, mult sot d*onur. De sa bunte e de sun pris % ■ la novele en sun pafa - ■■ ^ -

qua tms daslstiLs de la terre, r; Id. passa. mer pur sun prls quarre,

puls a tant fet par sa pruSsce, ■ par sa bunt e, pa r sa largesce,

que ell kl mel sevent nuaer r : : . . y

I ’apelouent partut Senz Per.: v.

Kliun ol selul loir . ^ - -

e les blene de lul recanter. Mult ert dolenz,mult seplelgnelt

del chevalier 3cl taut valelt, :

.g^ue, tant cum 11 pelst error • ne turneler n 1ernes porter, :

ne dettot nuls del pals nez

estre preisles ne alosee*

D*une chose se purpeneai

hastlvemenfc mer passera, - rv:

si justem al chevalier . ; ; : .

pur lul laidlr e empelrler. ISO

Their eorvicea, and spent most generoasl)^*

He never stayed for long in any place. .

In all the land of Brittany he gained ■ -

Renown and fame;hebore himselfwith honor

And courtesy* Hews of; his worth an d : bounty Returned to his own: land; where many heard

That a young chevalier of. their country

Who crossed the sea to prove himself, hud gained

So much of glory by his valor, goodne®®!

And generoeity that countless people/

Had given him the title "Peerless Knight,*

When Milan heard the praises,and. the tales

Of all the virtues.of the.young chevalier.

He was annoyed and did.complain about .

This youngster/tno was considered: so. groat.

For Milan felt that Just as long as he

Could go about and, joust: and bear. his. armor •

Ho other mtiv®; of hla land shotfl.d be v So iffaised or:lauded. So he made a plan.

Immediately he wo uld cross the channel!/

Ho would Joust with this chevalier in order

v :: 121C:

Par ire se volira cmnMtre;

0 * 1 1 1 0 puet del cheval abatre, dune sera il on fin honiz* .=• Apreo irra querre sun flz - :

3ci fora del pa£s est elssoz, . mes ne saveit qu.*art devenuzi

A s * amie le fet aaveir, - etingle vole it de 11 raveira J r

Put-aun enrage 11 inandag -: - v, brief'e seel 11 envois par le eigne.mun esc!Brit: • ^

or 11 remandast stm talent! -

*Q.uarit-ele oi- ca volento, v uc- mercie = 1 * on»- a i' 11 sot. gro, . quant pm* lur"flz trover e querre

volelt eiosir fors de la terre

e pur le bieri de lui muatrer$ nel" volelt oie desturberi

Milan of le mandement. ’

II s * apareille richemerit•v * ; :

• En Borsehdie en e#t. passez; >.t

puis est desqu’en Sretaigne alez*

Mult s 'aqWlnta a pi us or a genz, mult eeroha les tumoiemenz;

riches oatela teneit sovent

o si dunot cartelseEent* To conquer and lower, the younger knight*

Because of anger he would fight ulth him;

And if he could unseat him from his: horse,

T h m would the youngster he humbled; at last*

Afterwards he would go to seek:Ms son,. Who bad departed from Eorthi*bria,_; ,

And no one knew what hid become of him,

Milun then wrote a message to his love.

And told his plan; he wished, her farewell blessing

All his intent he wrote to. her, and. seat

The letter under s m l by means of the swan,

Ae I am told, JBe asked her to reply.

And tell him of her wishes in.the matter.

When she knew of his plan-, she thanked him for it.

It pleased her that, to seek and find their son.

Ho wished to leave the country^ and to prove

His valor; ehe did not wish to detain him.

Milun received.hor message. Bichly; he Equipped himself and erossed to Hormandy,

Then went to Brittany. Ho made the friendship

Of cany people, and sought out the tourneys#

Oft he supported rich establishments;

Both lavishly :and generously he spent. 123 -

Sat un yver, ceo n'-est a vis, convorsa Kllun ol pa$8*

Hasars bons? chevaliers re tint, ,

de si qurapres la paste vint, ; <»* 11 rseweneent les ■ turneiz' r. , _; v

e les guerres e les desreiz. ■

A1 Kurt •Seint Michiel s ’asembleront #*

Herman e Bretaa 1 alerenti

e -ll;Flamenc e 11 Francois; v roes n'i ot gualres dee Engleis. .

Milan i est alez primiex’s, ; ; ; . { ■ ki malt estelt hardiz e fiers. : _ .

le ,bo'n chevalier demanda. . ?=. r :

Asez 1 ot ki 11 mustra ; . ' , de quel :part.. 11 estelt venaz •:

■ e ses armes/e ses. esemE. .v: .-r.-;.: Salt' 1 •orent a Milun mas tre, ■ ,

e 11 :'l1 aveit bion osgoarde. ; : . 1

Li tumeiemenz s'asenbla., .. . *;;

Ki juste quiatj tost la trova; -

ki'alkes volt les.rens corchier^

tost 1 pout-perdre u guaaignier ,

en: encxmtrer un cumpa ignun. ; -

faht vas vueil dire de Milan*:-1 r mult le fist bien m cal estur

e mult 1 fu preisiez le jur. Throughout one winter, I am told, he travelled

Over the land. Several good knights he hired

To serve him, till at laot the Easter time

Arrived, when all the tournaments began.

With e©abate and with johsting# They assembled

At Mont-Sala t-*lohel; Sormane and Bretons Were there, and French and Flemish; but of English

There were but few; Eilmi arrived the first,

Freud and eourageous. He inquired concerning

The young chevalier; many were.the ones Who told him whence the knight came, and described

His armor and his shields^ Everyone knew him

And showed him to Milan, who carefully

Regarded him. The tournament began.

Whoever wished the opportunity

To joust, soon found it. Those who wished to enter

The combat lh the ranks could very quickly

lose all or gain at one encounter with

His adversary. It must now be said

Of Hilun that tie bore himself right well

In combat. He was greatly praised that day. lies li vaslez dunt Jeo vns di cur tuz les altros ©t. le erl,

ne, b U pot nuls acmparer , ,

;;de; tuaw#ur ne0def jus tear, ,.x Milun lo vit cl ountonir, . -

si bien puindro e si bien ferlT

parmi tut ceo g.u* il; 1,* onviot,

emit 1 i fu bal o mult 11 plot.

. El:rone so met. enquntre lui,

.;^@#*^l#..^u#terent iiilun 1« flert si durement,. . 1 fans to d epiese ’rsireaen t,

mss no 1 1 avoit mio abatu..

Gil revolt,si Milun' form „

qvs jus del,cheval 1 ,abati.

Sea^s Lla ventaille ohqiai

la barb® e loo phovqls ohanuz:

, mult 11 po sa qu* 11 fu cheilz.

Par la roam® la abeval pront,. devant lui lo tlent on present•

Puis 11 a dit: 'Sire, auntozl

Mult sui dqlonz e treapenses....^ -

qua-.nelv home do yostre eage ^

dedsae faire tel uitrage.V

Milun salt aus, mult li fu bel:

ol del oelui cunuist I'anel, But the young gallant of whom -I have told you. Above all others won the applause, nor oould Any compare with him in tourneying

Or jousting. Milun watched him conducting

Himself so well, taking his aim and striking So skillfully, tiiat in the midst of all

She envy that he felt, he knew the other

Was fine and pleasing in his sl^it. At length

He placed himself in the opposing rank Across from his young rival, and together

They jousted. Milun struek him such a blow

That the shaft of his la nee broke Into-bits. But he had not o ^ erthrown his adversary. :

Then the young knight struek him in such a way

That he threw Milun fromhis horse. Beneath

The visor of thie conquered one was seen

His gray beard and his hoary hair. The youth

Regretted that the older man had fallen#

He took the riderless horse by the; reins.

And gave it back to Milun. - Then he said,

"Sire, mount: It is my sorrow and ny shame

That I should have ooimnitted such an outrage

To any man of your years.” Milun arose.

The lad*s pleasant behavior he admired;

And then he recognised the ring upon . quant 11 11 renal sun cheyal. ..

,.=11. aralauno le. vassal.. :: : ,

•Amis V, .let: 11, »a mel ontaatl,.

:: Pur amur leu .onnlpoSsat , . , , = AP mei cunent^a m m tls .perel as tu nun? K1 est ta meref Saveir en vuo 11 1 a vorite. u ;;

. ■*ult al yett, malt at erre, ' / mult a 1 eerohises; altres tsrres

par ;turneieiaenz^ a :

•; uuques,par;polp do cheval1er

I ;ne obal mes de mun destrier! :

.fu.m'as abatu ml jus ter:; ...

; a me ryellle te puis e^er: * " , Gil 3,1 .rwpmt.: f \M vus d Irai . •/

d# mum pere tant_ earn jeo *n sal. J@o quid qu1!! est de Gualas nez

@ si est Milun apelez. , .

Pille a un rlehe hume aama; . eoleeraent m*i.engendra. „ ,

Sn lorhuabre ful envelez;

la ful.nurrIz e enselgniez* . Une mele ant® me nurrl.

taut .as-guard enseable od ll, , oheval e arm os ms d ona, en eeate torro m 1envela. its

The hand that offered him his horse1s reins.

He questioned the young man; "Comrade*” he said, "Listen to me! 'And for the" love'of God All-powerful, tell me your father's name: Whet are’you ©ailed? Who is your mother? I

Must know the truth! Indeed I have seen muoh.

And I have travailed widely; I have sbught Battles and tournaments in many lands;

But never by a blow from any knight ■

Have I been overthrowh. At jousting you

Have conquered me; and yet I feel that I

Could love you greatly.n The ymihg man replied,

"As much as I ^rgelf know, I will tell you

About my father; I believe that he

Was born in Southwaies; his name is Milun. He loved a rieh m n ' s daughter secretly.

And secretly begot me. I was sent

To distant Serthumbria, there to be r Instructed and well M u m t e d by An aunt of mine who reared me; Long with her She kept me, then'.gave' me a horse and arms

And sent me to this land. i m

Ci ai ©©Bverae •

% talent al a an^ensS, , .1 ; hastivement aer pasierml-, . ,

on , ma- c tin tr ee m1 on. 2r rai . -

. Saveir^Tttsil^l’estre de, mun pero/ „ _, .

; cum-11 ao. ountlont vers, ma mer#e

lei anal d'or 11, mw t e m m l , ___

O. tola ensolgnos 11 Slroi, - ,i;;

ja ne me voldra renelar,...... ,, * • ' . ... ■' • ' ... "... • * . :• <• r» . .. . alnz m ’amera c tendm ,^i®r• *, ,......

l*ot issi parlor, .

11- ne poelt ;plus. osoulter: . r .

avant aallll hastIvcment,, , ^ . jar 1® pam del haltere leprtnt. .

*E Sen®! * Yalt 111 ,’ema sal guarizi

■Par fel, nr.le, tu iSo ula fl*. . .. , . .Par tel. trover e-par tel .yierre, . . ,

elBsly nan fors de aa teKT®.* . .

Quant oil l 1®!, a plS. desemt,,

sun per® balse duloement. , . .. . Kult bel seablant entre els falaelent

e It el a paroles d is el ent, ,

qu® 11 altre kls ssguardeuent . .

de Jolo e do pitio plurouent.

Quant 11 tumelemens depart,

Milan s ’en vet; mult 11 eat tart 130

* ^ I have adventured

A long tine hore. low-I have the desire

Within ^ heart shortly to oross the ; sea-

Aral visit my own £aaft# I sdlsh to. learn ;

My father's condition, and*how he now • Begards my mother. This gold ring I have And other proofs that 1 will Gho\7. to -.him

So that he may m # doi&t me or deny me.

But will perhaps take some pride in hie eon .

And love me.^ Milan, hearing him apeak thus, lo longer could contain hie joy. Forward

He hurried, seized him by hi# coat of mail,

"Ah, -heaven!" cried he, "How I do .re jo ice!

XJpon my honor,- lad, you are my som. -

Because I v/ished to seek you and :tc; find you

I left my country,8 - When'he heard-theee words,

fhe young knight did dismount, and tenderly

Embraced his father. So handsome they were -v;: ’ ' v :'; -zl;- -':, L - Together there, tin t all the others watched them With Joy, and wept with pity. Y?h« the t©wney

Was ended, Milun left the field, most eager 151 Ci

q.a’a sun f iz parolt a leisir

e qu’il li die sun plaisir*

2n un ost el - fur.ont la nuit.

• ■ . iee*'>ew«itujoie-.e-.;doduit;.r.,.r ,

f#.-:oheTaliers arrant

Milan- a a sun f is canto •• , : * . .

de sa mere cum il I ’.noa* •c:--;.; . o cum nie pere la duna. -i : v.-. r ,

#: W- iMurunv id £ sa' cuntreo, ...v . ■.: 0 e. cunentf il-'l-^a p u i s C a m c o r,:

■ ' !' '•' - © • @1 e' 1 ui'-' d e ■ b«m, o urage ,: \ - - -. • j;;: % -

: ' o' cuii del eigne fist message, • 0 r ,

v ■' 6;esvletr@vli .-fliis@it::iporter,,;.•,

, ’ ^he a ’ooot eri nuluicfi3r»: - ;i' : iSi'-f iz respont:' \’Par fci,- Ixels -pere, •,

assscitierai vus e -ma core* ...: , nr

-'-'C -'Bun soignur; q.u1 olq ■ arocirai ; • . -s "espiserrla: ■ vus feral*-1 j - r ' -

Cele parole dune laioaierent

■ • ' :C%,c '-/C r.r- e el domain s ’apareillierent.

CungiS pernent do lur amis, V. si o'on revmt on lur pula. " - rC .Mi';;’?:5' Mer passeront baBtivement, ■ :• ; ton ore orent e fort vent.

Si cum il eirent It ohemin, si enountrerent un mesehin. At leisure to spealr with hie ncw-fomat @

And to dlscuBS" his plans. That night they knew

Joy and delight within & tavern v/hero

Full many eheraliars rejoiced with til tee

The father told his son I w he had loved

His rooth@r,*-how she had teen-given to

A "baron of her father’s own domain,—

How he had loved her. ever since that time. And she had oared far him with all her heart.—

And how they made the swan their messenger, ■ And how it bore them letters, for they dared not

Trust anyone. The son replied, "Good father.

By ray faith, I will reunite you with

My mother. I shall kill the lord that now

She hath, mid I shall marry her to you.®

The subject then m s ehanged. Upon the morrow.

They sailed; they bade farewell to all their friends

And went back to their country. In short order

They crossed the sea; good weather and strong winds

Were theirs. As they were on the way they met ■■ 1835

Do 1'aalo Ililua wacit, on Brotaigne paaasr voloit; • . ' ' - ^ ■ ■- . cl e ■ V 1 avclt:pnv0le ...;,; •...... : ,;

0roja: cun:travajLlracurclS*‘ - -• * - .... ■ ' - Irx • . , t . ‘ ’ 2 - < r ' tin ll': baille eagdelf * , -, - .

Par parole 11 a: eimM, .: r . - ^ &UC;GTen;yoaiot, ne domurast; , moans sia air«,-: or. a ’en.-jhastastJfc :Qnaat .-lillm.ol-la;acvele, <, a merveille 11 sembla bole.

A sun fiz I ’a mustre e dit*

H*i ot: essulgne ne respite

taut elrent qua 11 sunt ventt al chastel *u Ik dame fu. ■•1 Mult par Tu ilea de suh f iz . -

ki tant eeteit pruz e

;'bneKne^andront' :p^ , - eenz cunseil de tute altr® g@nt

lur f Iz amdous les asseinbla, la maro a eun pere dona.

En grant "blen e en grant duigiii*

vesqulrent puls e nult e jur.

Be lur amiir e de lur blen " "r'- '

flrent un lal 11 anelln;

e jeo kl l*al mis on eeorlt

el reeunter mult me dellt. 1S4

A page who came from Eilun's sweetheart» v.iching To cross to'Brittany* H# jma heen sent

To find the knight» and new his mission was

Performed and endei. He was to deliver

A message uMer seal which told Mlltm

That he must come without delay; iter husband Was dead, and he »u«t hirry# When the lover Knew this, It seemed most eronderful* He showed

The. message to the Sony and told the- news# Without a KomehVs tarrying or delay:

The^ iiastoned on thsir v^ay until they @*me Unto the castle where the "lady v/as* .

Happy she was to see her son, a knight

So bold and valiant. They did not invite

Their relatives, but" without any witness = . :

Of other folk,, their'son united them.

And gave his mother to his .father. So

Thenceforth in happiness and tranquil Joy

They lived both night m d day in peace together*

Concerning their great love, and celebrating

Their happiness, the ancients made a ;lai;

And I, who havo in.written form retold

The tale, have therein taken great delight* 1*5

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lug^ulena, F. B. Three Lays of Marie &e Frame Heniy Holt & Co., Hew York.

Twftmn, Paul Les Lais de Marie de Franee H Piazza, 19, Rue Bonaparte, . Baris. . ■ ' ' ■ ■ -. ;

Warnke, Earl : - y / ‘ ' : y Die Lais Der Marie Be France Halle (1925), Yerlag Von Max liemeyer. 6 0 4.. E ^ l .