9:HSMIMF=YVZV[U: World Council of Churches Responsible Leadership Global and Contextual Ethical Perspectives
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5310_COUV_LEADERSHIP 7/08/07 9:57 Page 1 Stückelberger / Mugambi Stückelberger RESPONSIBLE Responsible Leadership LEADERSHIP Global and Contextual Ethical Perspectives Global and Contextual Ethical Perspectives Responsible Leadership Leadership models and values change in a fast changing globalised world. Perspectives Ethical Global and Contextual The responsible use of power is a key factor to good governance and a Editors Christoph Stückelberger / Jesse N.K. Mugambi human life in dignity in all sectors of society. How can the respect for the cultural and religious diversity of values be combined with common perspectives of responsible leadership in the one world? In forty contributions, ethicists and other experts from 21 countries from five continents give surprising and challenging answers in four areas: family leadership, religious leadership, business leadership and political leadership. A reader for church and business leaders, for politicians and journalists, for teachers, students and scholars – and parents. The Editors: Christoph Stückelberger is Founder and Chairperson of Globethics.net, Director of the Institute for Theology and Ethics of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches and Professor of Ethics, University of Basel. Jesse N.K. Mugambi is Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, Professor Extraordinarius at the University of South Africa in Pretoria, Member of the World Council of Churches Working Group on Climate Change. ISBN : 978-2-8254-1516-0 9:HSMIMF=YVZV[U: World Council of Churches Responsible Leadership Global and Contextual Ethical Perspectives Responsible Leadership Global and Contextual Ethical Perspectives Editors Christoph Stückelberger / J. N. K. Mugambi Globethics.net Series No. 1 Cover design: Juan Pablo Cisneros © 2007 Globethics.net 150 route de Ferney 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Web: http://www.globethics.net Published by WCC Publications 150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Web: http://www.wcc-coe.org ISBN 978-2-8254-1516-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other - without the prior written permission of the publishers. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Printed in France v CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Christoph Stückelberger/ J.N.K. Mugambi 1 Stewards and ‘Careholders’. A Christian Ethical Perspective . 3 Christoph Stückelberger, Switzerland 2 Engendering Leadership. A Christian Feminist Perspective from India . 13 Evangeline Anderson-Rajkumar, India PART I: RESPONSIBLE FAMILY LEADERSHIP 3 Family Leadership Shift in China. Preliminary Perspectives for a Confucian and Christian Dialogue . 23 Rachel Xiaohong Zhu, China 4 Responsible Family Leadership. Traditional and Christian Approaches in Cameroon . 34 Richard Ondji’i Toung, Cameroon 5 Women Leadership in the Korean Salimist Concept . 45 Un Hey Kim, South Korea 6 Leadership in Ethical Families. A North American Perspective . 53 Christopher Lind, Canada vi 7 Family Leadership in Africa . 63 Muteho Kasongo, Democratic Republic of Congo 8 Marriage Responsibilities. An Orthodox View from the Middle East . 71 Sleiman Gebran, Lebanon 9 Responsible Leadership in Education and Development. An African Perspective . 79 J.N.K. Mugambi, Kenya 10 Holistic Leadership in Education. An African Call . 97 Emmanuel Asante, Ghana PART II: RESPONSIBLE RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP 11 Parish Leadership. A Protestant Minority Perspective from Eastern Europe/Romania . 109 Árpád Ferencz, Romania 12 Theological Leadership in Christian-Muslim Encounters. An Indonesian Perspective . 117 Yahya Wijaya, Indonesia/Hong Kong 13 Religious Leadership of a Majority Church. The Case of the Orthodox Church of Greece . 129 Nikos Dimitriadis, Greece vii 14 Gender Responsibility in Religious Leadership . 139 Heike Walz, Germany/Argentina 15 Women Church Leaders in Protestant Churches . 150 Hella Hoppe/Anne Walder, Switzerland 16 Theology and Pluralistic Ethics. An Indonesian Muslim Perspective . 167 Muhammad Machasin, Indonesia 17 Church Leadership is Challenged. A Perspective on Christian and African Values . 172 Samuel M. Kobia, Kenya/Switzerland 18 Corruption and Integrity. A Call to Churches in Malaysia . 175 Margaret Chen, Malaysia 19 Fighting Corruption in and by Churches. An Important Task of Church Leaders . 180 Christoph Stückelberger, Switzerland 20 Code of Leadership Adopted by the National Council of Churches in India, 2004 . 191 21 African Church Leadership. Between Christ, Cultures and Conflicts . 195 J.N.K Mugambi, Kenya viii 22 Religious Statistics in Russia. A Challenge for Religious Leadership . 204 Roman Silantyev, Russia PART III: RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS LEADERSHIP 23 Business Leadership and Sustainable Development. A Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility . 215 Jeffrey D. Sachs, USA 24 Can Business Ethics be Interreligious? An Indonesian Perspective . 222 Yahya Wijaya, Indonesia 25 Business Responsibility. An American Christian Perspective . 227 Heidi Hadsell, USA 26 Business Leadership and Social Responsibility in a Transition Country. A Russian Orthodox Perspective . 233 Pavel Shashkin, Russia 27 The Russian Orthodox Church and Economic Ethics. Efforts at the Turn of the Millenium . 240 Pavel Shashkin, Russia 28 Code of Moral Principles and Rules of Economic Activity Adopted by the 8th World Russian Peoples’s Council in Moscow, 2004 . 246 ix 29 Strengthening the Common Good. The Responsibility of States, Investors and International Organisations . 256 Richard Ondji’i Toung, Cameroon PART IV: RESPONSIBLE POLITICAL LEADERSHIP 30 Responsible Political Leadership . 265 Jephthah K. Gathaka, Kenya 31 Politics of Responsibility and Responsibility of Politics. A Perspective of Political Ethics on Presidential Election in the USA . 275 Heidi Hadsell, USA 32 Political Leadership in Latin America. A Christian Perspective . 280 Paulo Fernando Carneiro de Andrade, Brazil 33 Reaffirming Life. Political Leadership in Defence of Humanity . 290 Wim Dierckxsens, The Netherlands/Costa Rica 34 Congolese Leaders Face Genetically Modified Organisms . 297 Afumba Wandja, Democratic Republic of Congo 35 Responsible Politics in Africa and South Africa. A Feminist Perspective . 304 Puleng Lenka Bula, South Africa 36 Leadership, Moral Values and Democracy. A Glimpse from Latin America . 315 Guillermo Hansen, Argentina x 37 Popular Leadership in a Context of Oppression. A Latin American Liberation Perspective . 324 Paulo Fernando Carneiro de Andrade, Brazil 38 Leadership in Social Movements in Asia . 332 Josef P. Widyatmadja, Hongkong 39 Responsible Leadership in Disaster Reduction. A Global Perspective . 336 Peter Walker/Ben Wisner, USA PART V: COMMON PERSPECTIVES 40 Globethics.net Elements for Responsible Leadership . 343 Contributors . 350 INTRODUCTION Each group of human beings has a leader or leaders. From the smallest entity of a family until international institutions like the UN, from companies to religious communities, from NGOs to parliaments and governments, from schools to the media. There are many leaders: parents, teachers, editors in chief, boards, presidents of associations, CEOs, pastors, deacons and bishops, men, women and children. Many leaders act in a responsible way, but many others do not. Responsibility and responsiveness are directly related. A leader is responsible when he or she is responsive to the needs, concerns and interest of those whom one aspires to lead. At its best, leadership must be demonstrated in the responsible management of public and private resources for the common good. From this perspective, stewardship is an expression of responsible leadership. Responsible leadership also has to do with integrity, which in turn has to do with respectability and respectfulness. To be respectable, a leader must be respectful of those for whom that leader expects respect and compliance. Respect can only be deserved. It must not be demanded. Self-imposition evokes fear, whereas exemplary leadership wins respect. Globalisation leads to a close interaction between different value systems. Different concepts and traditions of leadership are con- fronted with each other by media, trade, tourism, encounters, con- ferences and migration. This is enriching and challenging at the same time. How to come to a common understanding of leadership when one has to work together with others and has to find common deci- sion-making processes? How to respect at the same time the diversity of values and leadership models? These questions were the starting point for this book. Glo- bethics.net, the global network for applied ethics, unites ethicists and practitioners from all continents. A first volume (Christoph Stückel- berger, Jesse N.K. Mugambi (eds), Responsible Leadership. Global Per- spectives, Nairobi, Kenya: Acton Publishers, 2005) collected 15 articles which are reprinted in this book. In September 2005, the International Globethics.net Conference in Bangkok, Thailand on the theme ‘Respon- sible Leadership’ brought together a broad variety of ethicists from five continents. A selection of revised keynote speeches and papers are pre- sented in the second part of this publication. Some of these 23 contri- butions respond to and are in dialogue with articles from the first volume. At the end, ‘Globethics.net Elements for Responsible Leader- ship’ are published as a common result of the conference. The contributions in