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DISSERTAÇÃO Andreza Campos De Moura.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL ANDREZA CAMPOS DE MOURA BIODIVERSIDADE DOS HIDROIDES BENTÔNICOS (CNIDARIA, HYDROZOA) DAS REGIÕES NORTE E NORDESTE DO BRASIL Recife 2020 ANDREZA CAMPOS DE MOURA BIODIVERSIDADE DOS HIDROIDES BENTÔNICOS (CNIDARIA, HYDROZOA) DAS REGIÕES NORTE E NORDESTE DO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Taxonomia de grupos recentes Orientador: Prof°. Dr.Carlos Daniel Pérez Coorientador: Dr. Felipe Ferreira Campos Recife 2020 Catalogação na fonte: Bibliotecária Claudina Queiroz, CRB4/1752 Moura, Andreza Campos de Biodiversidade dos hidroides bentônicos (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil / Andreza Campos de Moura - 2020. 209 folhas: il., fig., tab. Orientador: Carlos Daniel Pérez Coorientador: Felipe Ferreira Campos Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Recife, 2020. Inclui referências e anexo. 1. Hidrozoários 2. Plataforma continental 3. Atlântico Sudoeste I. Pérez, Carlos Daniel (Orientador) II. Campos, Felipe Ferreira (Coorientador) III. Título 593.55 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE/CB-2020-159 ANDREZA CAMPOS DE MOURA BIODIVERSIDADE DOS HIDROIDES BENTÔNICOS (CNIDARIA, HYDROZOA) DAS REGIÕES NORTE E NORDESTE DO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. APROVADA EM: 20 / 07 / 2020 BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________ Profº. Dr. CARLOS DANIEL PÉREZ (Orientador) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco __________________________________________________ Profaº. Dra. PAULA BRAGA GOMES (Examinadora Interna) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco __________________________________________________ Profº. Dr. ANTONIO CARLOS MARQUES (Examinador Externo) Universidade de São Paulo __________________________________________________ Profº. Dr. GABRIEL NESTOR GENZANO (Examinador Externo) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata À minha tia Avó, Ana, À minha amada mãe, Maria, pelo carinho e força. Dedico AGRADECIMENTOS Aos professores, pela dedicação, conhecimentos e conselhos que enriqueceram a caminhada até aqui. Em especial ao orientador, Carlos Pérez e ao mentor e coorientador, Felipe Campos, pelos conselhos, ajuda, esforço e compreensão, desde os tempos remotos dos projetos de iniciação científica, obrigado pela confiança. À FACEPE, pela bolsa de estudos que permitiu o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Aos membros da banca examinadora, por terem aceito o convite e por todas as valiosas contribuições para o enriquecimento deste trabalho. À Dra. Elga Maÿal, por suas contribuições para o conhecimento da fauna de hidroides de Pernambuco e por ter preservado uma importante coleção de hidroides das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Ao. Dr. Ulisses Pinheiro, coordenador do programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, pela gentileza e disponibilidade de sempre, bem como por ter preservado a coleção da Elga Maÿal em seu laboratório. Ao Manoel Guimarães, secretário do PPGBA, pela ajuda prestada sempre que foi acionado. Ao Museu de Oceanografia Prof. Petrônio Alves Coelho, pelo acesso ao material estudado. À Petrobras pelo financiamento de projetos que possibilitaram as coletas realizadas na Bacia Potiguar e na plataforma amazônica (Projeto Piatam). À Marinha do Brasil, pelos espécimes coletados durante a execução do Projeto Geomar décadas atrás. Ao Dr. José Souto Rosa Filho (Soutinho), por ter facilitado o estudo dos espécimes do Projeto Piatam, na Universidade Federal do Pará. Ao Dr. Arnaud Bertrand, por fornecer acesso aos dados e ao material coletado no Projeto ABRACOS. Ao Ralf Cordeiro, por suas contribuições sempre importantes. A doutoranda Thaynã Ewerlin Ribeiro pela identificação das esponjas. À companheira de labuta Emanuelle Braz, futura taxonomista de hidroides, pela grande ajuda, pelas tardes no laboratório e perguntas engraçadas. Aos meus colegas Thiago “Venícus” e Renato Amorim, pela companhia durante as tardes de triagem no laboratório. Aos meus amigos da graduação, Isabelle Álvares e Klayton Cavalho, pela força. Ao meu colega de classe Charles Nascimento, pela companhia nas aulas, nos trabalhos, no caminho incerto de ida e volta até a Universidade e pelas conversas compartilhadas. A todos aqueles que ajudaram direta ou indiretamente na conclusão deste trabalho. A Valdeci Duarte, pela companhia e ajuda a desvendar os mistérios das coordenadas geográficas. À minha mãe Maria e a Miel pelo apoio incondicional, fé no trabalho desenvolvido, pela compreensão da ausência que possibilitou a conclusão desse trabalho. A despeito de todo o contexto assustador, acredito nas possibilidades da espécie humana. Temos genes da sobrevivência. Temos de continuar nossa escalada evolucionária. Transformar os problemas em desafios e encará-los. E a educação é um dos caminhos mais iluminados, com qualquer um dos tantos rótulos que receba. (DÍAS, 2004, pag.21) É preciso imaginar Sísifo feliz. (CAMUS, 2010, pag. 88). RESUMO Hidroide é um termo utilizado para designar cnidários das superordens “Anthoathecata” e Leptothecata, cujo estágio de vida séssil, colonial e polipoide é dominante. São animais ecologicamente diversos com grande plasticidade fenotípica que vivem desde o entremarés até profundidades abissais, colonizando diversos tipos de substrato. No Brasil, as regiões Sudeste e Sul são as melhores estudadas do ponto de vista da diversidade de hidroides, devido ao maior número de levantamentos faunísticos e por concentrar a maioria dos especialistas no grupo. Por esses motivos, o número de espécies conhecidas no litoral do Nordeste ainda é pequeno quando comparado ao do Sudeste, enquanto que na costa da região Norte, ainda não há registros de hidroides não calcários. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi levantar a diversidade de hidroides do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, discutir o status taxonômico das espécies encontradas e, particularmente, entender a distribuição dessa fauna sobre o sistema recifal amazônico, área com condições marinhas atípicas por causa da influência da pluma formada pela foz do Rio Amazonas. O material de estudo foi proveniente de coletas realizadas por vários projetos de caracterização da megafauna nas últimas décadas, desde a zona de entremarés até 3888 m de profundidade, entre os estados do Amapá e Sergipe. Foram triados cerca de 1200 lotes e identificadas 60 espécies de hidroides, dentre elas uma espécie nova coletada nos recifes amazônicos nas costas do Pará e do Maranhão. As famílias Sertulariidae e Aglaopheniidae foram as de maior riqueza, corroborando com levantamentos de hidroides em outras áreas. Foram registradas ainda três novas ocorrências para o oceano Atlântico e 15 para o Brasil. Das 60 espécies encontradas, 37 foram registradas sobre a plataforma amazônica, revelando uma presença marcante de hidroides no sistema recifal recém descrito e demonstrando que a forte sedimentação e variação na salinidade impostas pela foz do Amazonas, não impede o habitat de hidroides nesses ecossistemas. O presente estudo aumenta consideravelmente o conhecimento sobre os hidroides do Atlântico Sul. Acreditamos que à medida que se intensifique mais os esforços de coleta e o incentivo à formação de especialistas, seja conhecida a real diversidade e riqueza de espécies que ocorrem ao longo de todo o litoral brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Hidrozoários. Novos registros. Plataforma continental. Atlântico Sudoeste. ABSTRACT Hydroid is the term used to refer to cnidarians of the superorders “Anthoathecata” and Leptothecata, in which the sessile, colonial and polyp stages are dominant. They are ecologically diverse animals with a high phenotypic plasticity, living from intertidal to abyssal depths, colonizing a broad range of substrates. In Brazil, both Southeast and South regions are better studied from the point of view of the diversity of hydroids, due to a larger amount of faunistic studies and to a higher number of specialists within the group. For those reasons, the amount of species known on the Northeast region’s coast is still small when compared to southern Brazil, while in the North region’s coast, there are no records of non-calcified hydroids. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of hydroids in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, discuss the taxonomic status of the species found and, particularly, understand their distribution along the Amazon reef system, an area with atypical marine conditions due to the influence of the plume formed by the mouth of Amazonas River. The materials analyzed were collected in several megafaunal surveys from the last decades, from intertidal zones to 3888 m depths, between the states of Amapá and Sergipe. Around 1200 lots were examined and 60 species identified – among them a new species collected on the amazon reefs along the coasts of Pará and Maranhão. The families Sertulariidae and Aglaopheniidae were the most rich, corroborating studies from other areas. Three new occurrences were registered for the Atlantic Ocean and 15 for Brazil. Out of the 60 species found, 37 were registered over the amazon shelf, revealing a remarkable presence of hydroids in that reef system, while showing that the
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