SKEENA REGION TECHNICAL REPORT

Mountain Goat Inventory – Go-74 Limited Entry Hunt Zone 6-21A - Provincial Park March 2021

July 15, 2021

Prepared by:

Krystal Kriss, M.Sc., R.P. Bio. Wildlife Biologist, Skeena Region

Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development Bag 5000, 3726 Alfred Avenue Smithers, BC V0J 2N0

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

ABSTRACT

From March 3-4, 2021, portions of Mount Edziza Provincial Park (Mountain Goat Limited Entry Hunt Zone 6-21A) were surveyed by helicopter to obtain a minimum counts of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and Stone’s sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) using standards established by the Resource Information Standards Committee (RISC). The survey conditions were not optimal with weather ranging from low fog, to flat light, to clear skies. We observed 50 goats (39 adults, 11 kids) during the survey and 73 sheep (51 ewe-like1, four Class 2 rams, four Class 3 rams, four Class 4 rams, and 10 lambs). We recommend maintaining the current hunting opportunity (LEH and guide quota) but reducing the mountain goat population estimate from 220 to 105 individuals for the 2022-2026 allocation period, and re-surveying this zone in the next 5 years during a summer/fall period.

1 Includes Class I rams i

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ...... iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Study area...... 2 1.3 Objectives ...... 2 2.0 METHODS ...... 3 2.1 Survey methods ...... 3 2.2 Data analysis ...... 4 3.0 RESULTS ...... 5 3.1 Survey conditions and effort ...... 5 3.2 Mountain goat and incidental observations ...... 5 4.0 DISCUSSION ...... 7 4.1 Recommendations ...... 7 6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...... 8 7.0 REFERENCES ...... 8 8.0 APPENDIX I ...... I

ii

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1. Location of current Limited Entry Hunt (LEH) Zone 6-21A...... 2

Figure 2. General sheep classification based on Geist (1971)...... 4

Figure 3. Helicopter flight lines from the mountain goat population inventory conducted for Limited Entry Hunt (LEH) Zone 6-21A from March 3-4, 2021. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 1. Total number of mountain goats observed, and calculated population estimates (using SCF of 1.25 and accounting for tracks with no animals observed) for the Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) aerial population inventory from March 3-4, 2021...... 6

Table 2. Total number of Stone’s sheep observed, and calculated population estimates (using SCF of 1.25) for the Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) aerial population inventory from March 3-4, 2021...... 6

Suggested citation: Kriss, K. 2021. Mountain Goat Inventory – Go-74: Limited Entry Hunt Zone 6-21A - Mount Edziza Provincial Park March 2021. Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Smithers, BC. 18 pp.

Cover photo: Kara MacAulay

iii

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

British Columbia (BC) is home to over 50% of the globally estimated population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus); historically, half of these individuals have been considered to reside in the Skeena Natural Resource Region (Mountain Goat Management Team 2010), however, the regional population is thought to be in overall decline. Mountain goats have been blue-listed in BC since 2015, which indicates they are “of special concern” (BC Conservation Data Centre 2020). Although the species is widespread across the province, it faces threats throughout much of its range related to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, isolation (Wilson and Morely 2007), and predation, and has experienced localized declines which are continuing in some areas. In particular, the mountain goat population in the region in southern BC is especially vulnerable due to a very small population size and isolation from other populations (Wilson and Morely 2007, G. Kuzyk pers. comm.).

Mountain goats are sensitive to overharvest, particularly when the proportion of female harvest is high (Hamel et al. 2006). ’s mountain goat management plan (Mountain Goat Management Team 2010) outlines recommendations for mountain goat population management to ensure sustainable harvest. Building on the recommendations from this strategy, the Province of BC developed the Mountain Goat Harvest Management Procedure (MFLNRO 2014). It recommends a conservative harvest rate of ≤ 3% per year for populations of ≥ 100 adults, and less if the female harvest exceeds 30% of the annual allowable harvest in a given year. Harvest closures are recommended in mountain goat populations with less than 50 adults. Further, hunted populations of goats estimated to be between 50 and 100 adults should be monitored at least every three years to ensure the harvest is sustainable. Hunters are encouraged to avoid harvesting females, and harvesting a female accompanying a kid or a female in a nanny group (females and kids) is prohibited.

The Skeena Region manages mountain goat harvest through general open season (GOS) in remote areas with limited hunter access, and through limited entry hunting (LEH) in areas with greater hunter access and pressure as well as in some Provincial Parks in the northern portion of the region. This includes the LEH Zone 6-21A for mountain goat and Stone’s sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), a subspecies of thinhorn sheep also found within this zone (Figure 1).

1

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

1.2 Study area

LEH Zone 6-21A is located southwest of , BC (Figure 1) and overlaps the traditional territory of the Nation. Iṣbā and Debēhe, the Tāłtān names for mountain goat and thinhorn sheep, respectively, have long been important parts of Tahltan culture.

The northern portion of the LEH Zone includes areas south of the Stikine Canyon and Mount Edziza proper, while the southern portion overlaps the . The LEH Zone and Provincial Park share the same boundary, and the Park is 230,000 ha and is characterized by volcanic features including Mount Edziza, a dormant (2787 m). Although the Park contains predominantly rugged terrain, there are extensive, far-reaching plateaus to the north and west of Mount Edziza. The Spectrum Range lies to the south of the Park and is characterized by relatively gentle, rolling terrain and occasional peaks.

Figure 1. Location of current Limited Entry Hunt (LEH) Zone 6-21A. Note the LEH Zone of 6- 21A and Mount Edziza Provincial Park share the same boundary.

1.3 Objectives

The objectives for this survey were to: (1) Count, classify, and record mountain goat groups and distribution, and record incidental observations of Stone’s sheep, including their respective classifications, and other wildlife (2) obtain a minimum count of goats and thinhorn sheep for this survey area, 2

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

(3) obtain a kid/100 adult ratio, and (4) based on the population estimate, adjust the Annual Allowable Harvest (AAH) if needed (including quota and LEH authorizations) in order to meet the provincial mountain goat management plan and regional harvest strategy guidelines.

2.0 METHODS 2.1 Survey methods

A Bell 206B Jet Ranger helicopter (Tundra Helicopters, Dease Lake, BC) equipped with rear bubble windows was used to count and classify mountain goats in Limited Entry Hunt Zone 6-21A using RISC standards (RISC 2002). The survey crew consisted of one pilot and three observers: Sean Whitford (pilot), Krystal Kriss (navigator/observer, Regional Wildlife Biologist), Kara MacAulay (observer, Regional Wildlife Biologist), and a third observer who alternated by day among Brianna Tashoots (observer, Wildlife Guardian with Tahltan Central Government), Blake Day (observer, Conservation Officer Service), and Nicole Hepp (observer, BC Parks Area Supervisor).

During the flight, we navigated the survey areas with iPads (Apple Inc.) running GIS Kit software (Garafa) with satellite imagery overlaying the LEH Zone boundary. This method of navigation allows for real-time flight path visualization to ensure survey area coverage. We used hand-held GPS units (Garmin Ltd.) to record the flight path and UTM coordinates of groups sighted.

We surveyed portions of suitable goat habitat within the survey area, including rugged canyon walls and forested areas at the tops of the canyons. Ideally, we would have surveyed the entire habitat complexes to perform a total count, but due to challenging weather and persistent low- lying clouds, we unfortunately had to adjust this expectation. Observers classified each individual by age (i.e. adult or young-of-year) based on the relative size of the goat. We did not classify adults by sex as that is difficult to determine from the air without persistent disturbance and is generally not required for the current mountain goat management strategy. We recorded coordinates of goat tracks and incidental wildlife sightings; however, incidental individuals were not classified by sex or age, with the exception of sheep. Sheep were classified by approximate age and horn curl, following Geist (1971; Figure 2).

3

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Figure 2. General sheep classification based on Geist (1971). 2.2 Data analysis

We recognize that not all goats are observed during aerial surveys, as some will be obscured by vegetation or rock features. A criticism of aerial mountain goat inventories is the lack of both a reliable sightability correction method and a measure of error associated with population estimates (Mountain Goat Management Team 2010). The average sightability during mountain goat surveys for interior BC populations has been reported from as low as 60-70% (Gonzalez- Voyer et al. 2001; Poole 2006) up to 85% for interior populations in Washington (Rice et al. 2009).

To derive an approximate population estimate, we applied a sightability correction factor (SCF) of 1.25 to the total count of goats observed, which assumes the sightability of goats during the survey was 80% (see Results section for more details). A SCF of 1.25 applies when survey conditions are fair, but “more than a few animals were potentially missed based upon tracks and other evidence of goat presence” (Schultze 2007). Challenges with poor weather, which prevented some habitat complexes from being completely surveyed, and the winter distribution of goats in the area likely reduced the number of wildlife seen. The tracks that were observed in forested areas with no animals detected are additional evidence that some individuals were missed. These results therefore likely represent an underestimate of the actual goat and sheep populations in the area.

4

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Survey conditions and effort

The survey was conducted on March 3 and 4, 2021 over 7.2 hours (Figure 3). An attempt was made on March 2 for the survey, but it was not possible to proceed due to poor weather; although the crew waited at the , a weather break never came. Portions of the north boundary of LEH Zone 6-21A were also surveyed on March 1, when the crew was flying the Stikine River LEH Zones (6-21C and 6-22A). The temperature was variable throughout the days of March 3 and 4, ranging from -6°C to -12°C. Wind speed was light during the survey, between 10-20 km/h. Snow cover was 100% apart from exposed rock cliffs, with moderately fresh snow from within the previous three days that was estimated to be 0.5-1 m deep. Cloud cover was high (100%) and light was flat for much of the survey. The total survey cost was ~$11,700.

Figure 3. Helicopter flight lines (blue) from the mountain goat population inventory conducted for Limited Entry Hunt (LEH) Zone 6-21A from March 3-4, 2021. Note that the Stikine River survey (March 1) flight lines are also shown here (which includes LEH Zones 6-21C and 6-22A).

3.2 Mountain goat and incidental observations

A total of 50 mountain goats were counted in 12 groups in LEH Zone 6-21A, of which 78% were adults and 22% were kids (Table 1). Applying a SCF of 1.25 results in a population estimate of 63; however, we also observed 13 groups of goat tracks, and nine probable sheep trails (probably sheep trails given there was some overlap between species use of these), suggesting some animals were not detected. The poor weather conditions which limited our ability to fully cover all the intended survey areas also contributed to the low number of goats that were counted.

The previous mountain goat population estimate for this area was 220 individuals. This is based on older inventory data for the herd, (in 1984 an estimate of 130, 1996 and estimate of 170, in

5

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

1998 an estimate of 156 all using a SCF of 1.25). Despite recent feedback from some hunters/guides who suggested this estimate may be too low, this original estimate of 220 appears to have either been too high to start with based on historical inventory, or there has possibly been a decline in numbers. It is difficult to determine the magnitude of a potential decline, given the limitations of the results from this inventory. The estimated goat population is now expected to be between 75-125. Based on the factors described above (SCF, tracks, goat distribution in forested canyon areas, and the inability to survey some areas) it is suggested to use an estimate of 100 until a follow-up survey is completed.

Table 1. Total number of mountain goats observed, and calculated population estimates (using a SCF of 1.25 and accounting for tracks with no animals observed) for the Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) aerial population inventory from March 3-4, 2021.

Survey Area Adults Kids Total Observed Kids/100 adults Total Estimated*

6-21A 39 11 50 28 100 * Population estimate corrected for sightability and accounting for the number of tracks identified

Stone’s sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) was the most common incidental species sighted (Table 2), followed by ptarmigan (Lagopus sp.; n=21), and moose (Alces americanus; n= 4). There were fresh wolf tracks and a trail observed, but no wolves were seen.

Relative to goats, there was higher confidence in the sheep observations and population estimates for the areas we were able to fly; however, since not all areas within the zone and herd range could be fully surveyed, it is expected some sheep were missed, even after adjusting for sightability. Applying a conservative SCF of 1.25 produced an estimate of 91 sheep for the areas that were surveyed. The previous sheep population estimate for LEH Zone 6-21A was 175.

Table 2. Total number of Stone’s sheep observed, and calculated population estimates (using a SCF of 1.25) for the Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) aerial population inventory from March 3-4, 2021.

Survey Ewe- Class Class Class Lambs/100 Total Total Lambs Area like 2 3 4 ewe-like Observed Estimated*

6-21A 51 10 4 4 4 19 73 125 * Population estimate corrected for sightability and accounting for the number of tracks identified. See recommendations section for more information.

6

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

4.0 DISCUSSION

The previous population estimate for mountain goats in LEH Zone 6-21A was 220. This may have been an overestimate, or the results from the March 2021 survey might be indicative of a true decline. It is difficult to use the results from this survey to develop an accurate population estimate, given the challenges that were encountered with the weather. Using an evidence-based and conservative SCF of 1.25, and adjusting the resulting value due to the goat tracks observed and the areas missed during the survey, produces a population estimate of 100 goats which seems appropriate to use in the interim.

It is highly recommended that this area be prioritized for a summer/fall inventory in the next 3-5 years. Mountain goats appear to travel down from complex terrain on the western edge of the Edziza plateau into forested canyon areas, which are a challenge to survey; goats can be incredibly difficult to observe under a forest canopy (e.g. if they are hiding under a tree) without unduly harassing them.

Kid-to-adult ratios can provide an indication of population recruitment; however, they have limited utility for predicting population changes because kid mortality can occur over the winter months, and the age of first reproduction is generally 3-4 years old (Cote and Festa-Bianchet 2003). A more comprehensive identification of age classes (e.g. yearlings and two-year olds) would allow for a more accurate estimation of population recruitment, however, this was not conducted due to the amount of disturbance required to collect information of this detail. The average ratio of kids per 100 adults in the northern Skeena Region (Management Units 6-15 to 6- 29) is 21 (Blythe and Kriss 2018); the ratio obtained from this survey of LEH Zone 6-21A was higher, at 28. Goat recruitment appears to be stable or high in the Mount Edziza area, although we caution against using these ratios to predict population change.

4.1 Recommendations

The March 2021 survey of Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) produced lower counts of goats and sheep than were expected. Until another survey can be completed, it is recommended to use a goat population estimate of 100, down from the previous estimate of 220. Given the lack of suitable winter habitat observed during the flight, and the fact that goats appear to travel down to the forested areas that buffer the many canyons, this area should be prioritized for a summer/fall survey. Estimates from a summer survey could provide greater confidence for assessing potential population declines, as it is expected that during this time goats would be occupying cliff areas of LEH Zone 6-21A, which are more easily surveyed than the forested canyon areas. It is recommended to add a buffer onto the sheep population estimate of 91 that was obtained from this survey, knowing we missed some observations, so using an estimate of 125, until a repeat inventory can be done. As we were not able to fully survey the entire herd area, it is expected we missed several sheep.

7

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

It is recommended to conduct a repeat survey in LEH Zone 6-21A during the summer/fall months that would include total counts of both goats and sheep. We recommended increasing the budget from the initial $12,000 for the 2021 survey to ~$20,000 for a future survey, to fly a full contour of the Edziza and Spectrum Range during the summer/fall period. This would cover the entire herd boundary of Mount Edziza sheep (which extends south beyond the LEH Zone boundary) and ensures higher coverage of the many canyons across the landscape.

6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Sean Whitford from Tundra Helicopters in Dease Lake provided safe and skilled flying during the survey. Krystal Kriss (FLNRORD), Kara MacAulay (FLNRORD), and the third observer who alternated among Blake Day (observer, Conservation Officer Service), Nicole Hepp (observer, Stikine Country Area Supervisor, BC Parks), and Brianna Tashoots (observer, Wildlife Guardian with Tahltan Central Government) all conducted the helicopter portion of the survey. The survey was funded though the 3 Nations Society and British Columbia (3NBC) Collaborative Stewardship Framework and the Big Game Inventory Fund from the Province of BC (Land-Based Investment Stewardship). Fuse Consulting Ltd. designed an infographic summarizing the survey results (see Appendix I). I thank Lance Nagwan (Wildlife Director, Tahltan Central Government), Kara MacAulay, Nicole Hepp, Michael Janzen (Senior Park Ranger, Dease Lake, BC Parks) for their support of the project and helping with background information prior to the survey. I would like to thank Catherine Denny, Resource Information Specialist (MOE) for her review of the report.

7.0 REFERENCES

B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2020. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. B.C. Minist. of Environ. Victoria, B.C. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Apr 1, 2020).

Blythe, E. and K. Kriss. State of Knowledge: Mountain goat populations in the Skeena Region. Fish and Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Forests Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Smithers BC. 23 pp.

Cichowski, D. Summary – Mountain Goat Survey – March 28-29, 1996, Stikine River Recreation Area. Ministry of Environment, Smithers BC. 4 pp.,

Côté, S.D. and M. Festa-Bianchet. 2001. Offspring sex ratio in relation to maternal age and social rank in mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 49: 260-265.

Festa-Bianchet, M. and S.D. Côté. 2008. Mountain goats: ecology, behaviour, and conservation of an alpine ungulate. Island Press, Washington, DC.

8

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Foster, B. and E. Rahs. 1981. Relationships between mountain goat ecology and proposed hydroelectric development on the Stikine River, B.C. – Final Report on 1979-80 Field Studies. Generation Planning Department, System Engineering Division, BC Hydro and Power Authority, Report No. MT-1.

Gonzalez-Voyer, A., K.G. Smith, and M. Festa-Bianchet. 2001. Efficiency of aerial surveys of mountain goats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:140–144.

Hamel, S., S.D. Côté, K.G. Smith, and M. Festa-Bianchet. 2006. Population dynamics and harvest potential of mountain goat herds in Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:1044–1053.

Dixon, K. 2017. Mountain Goat Inventory – Go68 - Tuya River Goats. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Smithers, BC, 10pp.

Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations. Procedure Manual: Mountain goat harvest management. 2014. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/fw/wildlife/policy_procedures/docs/procedure/4_7_01.07.4.pdf

Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. 2002. Aerial‐based Inventory Methods for Selected Ungulates: Bison, Mountain Goat, Mountain Sheep, Moose, Elk, Deer and Caribou. Province of British Columbia, Standards for Components of British Columbia’s Biodiversity No. 32. 69pp.

Ministry of Water, Land, and Air Protection. 2003. Management plan for Stikine Country Protected Areas. Prepared by Environmental Stewardship Division, Skeena Region. Smithers BC. 233 pp.

Mountain Goat Management Team. 2010. Management Plan for the Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) in British Columbia. Prepared for the B.C. Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC. 87 pp.

Poole, K.G. and Heard, D.C. 2003. Seasonal habitat use and movements of mountain goats Oreamnos americanus in east-central British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 117:565-576.

Poole, K.G. 2007. Does survey effort influence sightability of mountain goats Oreamnos americanus during aerial surveys? - Wildlife Biology 13:113- 119.

Rice, C.G., K.J. Jenkins, and W. Chang. 2009. A sightability model for mountain goats. Journal of Wildlife Management 73:468–478.

Schultze, G. 2007. Mountain goat harvest strategy in the Skeena Region. Unpublished report for B.C. Ministry of Water, Land, and Air Protection, Smithers, B.C.

9

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Wilson, S.F. and R.L. Morley. 2007. Mountain goat management and population restoration plan for the Okanagan Region. Unpublished report for B.C. Ministry of Environment, Penticton, BC.

10

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

8.0 APPENDIX

I

Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Table A1. Data from Mount Edziza Provincial Park (LEH Zone 6-21A) mountain goat survey, March 3-4, 2021. Note that there are a few observations from the northern boundary from March 1, 2021, that occurred during the Stikine Survey (March 1-2, 2021). They have been included in this table at the end and have been italicized. Due to the sensitive nature of point locations, they have been removed from this table. Note: Unclass refers to unclassified age/sex for all species apart from goat, where this refers to an unclassified adult.

Waypoint Date Time Species Total Number Ewe Like Lamb CL1 CL2 CL3 CL4 Unclass* Male Female YOY Habitat Comments

1 2021-03-03 10:08:49 AM OVDA 6 4 2

2 2021-03-03 10:11:09 AM OVDA 0 Tracks

3 2021-03-03 10:12:35 AM Unknown 0 Tracks

4 2021-03-03 10:12:49 AM OVDA 0 Tracks

5 2021-03-03 10:12:55 AM OVDA 0 Fresh Tracks

6 2021-03-03 10:20:33 AM OVDA 0 Tracks

7 2021-03-03 10:21:14 AM OVDA 2 1 1

8 2021-03-03 10:23:41 AM OVDA 5 1 2 2

9 2021-03-03 10:33:44 AM OVDA 9 7 2

10 2021-03-03 10:34:36 AM OVDA 14 13 1

11 2021-03-03 10:34:56 AM OVDA 4 2 1 1

12 2021-03-03 10:46:11 AM OVDA 5 4 1 1 looked like a yearling

13 2021-03-03 10:48:49 AM CALU 0 Tracks

14 2021-03-03 10:49:02 AM CALU 0 Beds

15 2021-03-03 10:49:56 AM OVDA 1 1

16 2021-03-03 10:51:43 AM ORAM 0 Goat trail, fresh.

17 2021-03-03 10:52:11 AM ORAM 2 2

18 2021-03-03 10:53:07 AM CALU 0 Tracks

19 2021-03-03 10:53:59 AM trail 1

20 2021-03-03 12:18:44 PM nothing Lots of snow, not suitable habitat,

21 2021-03-03 12:33:41 PM PTAR 21

22 2021-03-03 12:34:26 PM OVDA 0 Tracks

23 2021-03-03 12:35:06 PM OVDA Tracks

24 2021-03-03 12:37:59 PM OVDA 21 18 3

II Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Waypoint Date Time Species Total Number Ewe Like Lamb CL1 CL2 CL3 CL4 Unclass* Male Female YOY Habitat Comments

25 2021-03-03 12:47:08 PM nothing wind 23mph

26 2021-03-03 12:53:20 PM ALAL 0 Fresh tracks

27 2021-03-03 12:55:20 PM OVDA 2 1 1

28 2021-03-03 12:59:19 PM OVDA 2 1 1

29 2021-03-03 1:12:32 PM ORAM 0 Old tracks

30 2021-03-03 1:12:47 PM ORAM 2 2

31 2021-03-03 1:12:58 PM ORAM 7 5 2

32 2021-03-03 1:13:56 PM ORAM 0 Tracks

33 2021-03-03 1:19:04 PM OVDA 2 1 1

34 2021-03-03 1:25:52 PM OVDA 0 Summer Trail

35 2021-03-03 1:26:47 PM nothing

36 2021-03-03 1:44:58 PM trail a cut machine trail near Mess Lake

37 2021-03-03 1:50:18 PM GUGU 0 Tracks across avalanche chute and around

38 2021-03-03 2:00:49 PM ORAM 0 Older windblown tracks

39 2021-03-03 2:05:50 PM ORAM 0 Tracks

40 2021-03-03 2:14:18 PM SNOWMOBILE 0 Tracks

41 2021-03-03 2:15:09 PM ORAM 0 Tracks

42 2021-03-03 2:15:36 PM ALAL 1 1

43 2021-03-03 2:18:23 PM ORAM 1 1

44 2021-03-03 2:18:34 PM ORAM 1 1

45 2021-03-03 2:18:45 PM ORAM 1 1

46 2021-03-03 2:18:51 PM ORAM 1 1

47 2021-03-03 2:18:57 PM ORAM 8 8

48 2021-03-03 2:19:05 PM ORAM 4 3 1

49 2021-03-03 2:24:09 PM ALAL 2 2

50 2021-03-04 8:22:15 AM SNOWMOBILE 0 Lots of sled tracks Klastline River along edge

51 2021-03-04 8:32:15 AM OVDA 0 Lots of summer trails

52 2021-03-04 8:45:37 AM OVDA 0 Summer tracks

53 2021-03-04 8:48:24 AM PTAR 10 Lots

III Go-74 – Mount Edziza Mountain Goat Inventory – 2021

Waypoint Date Time Species Total Number Ewe Like Lamb CL1 CL2 CL3 CL4 Unclass* Male Female YOY Habitat Comments

54 2021-03-04 8:52:11 AM OVDA 0 Summer tracks

55 2021-03-04 8:58:57 AM ORAM 0 Summer trail

56 2021-03-04 9:11:04 AM ORAM 0 Summer trail

57 2021-03-04 9:20:24 AM ORAM 8 6 2 5000 ft

58 2021-03-04 9:25:58 AM ORAM/OVDA 0 Summer trail

59 2021-03-04 9:26:28 AM ORAM 8 7 1 5000 AP tree line

60 2021-03-04 9:55:04 AM ALAL 0 Moose tracks

61 2021-03-04 10:00:35 AM ORAM 0 Old tracks

62 2021-03-04 10:03:05 AM ORAM 0 Old tracks

63 2021-03-04 10:08:21 AM ORAM 0 Old tracks

64 2021-03-04 10:08:37 AM ORAM 0 Old tracks

65 2021-03-04 10:10:18 AM ALAL 2 2

66 2021-03-04 10:11:10 AM ORAM 0 Old tracks

80 2021-03-01 4:00:00 PM ORAM 1 1

135 2021-03-01 1:08:49 PM ORAM 5 5 5 Unclass

136 2021-03-01 1:09:51 PM ORAM 1 1

137 2021-03-01 1:11:18 PM ORAM 0 0 Tracks

IV