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ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province Quinapondan

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ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province Quinapondan ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province: Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes, Guiuan 25 November 2013 ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes, Guiuan Municipalities 25 November 2013 ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province: Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes, Guiuan 25 November 2013 1. Overview and Methodology ACTED was one of the leading agencies conducting MIRA assessments across Samar and Eastern Samar on behalf of OCHA. Conducted 18-21 November, the methodology included key informant interviews with barangay chairmen covering nine key sectors. Three barangays per municipality were chosen (highly damaged rural, highly damaged urban and one less affected). In addition to these key informant interviews, ACTED conducted further assessments in the barangays of Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes and Guiuan municipalities. These assessments included more detailed discussions with municipal leaders, barangay officials and local communities in order to further identify the priority needs, priority barangays, nature and cause of damage, identify key stakeholders and make a comprehensive analysis of the security situation. The MIRA (Multi Cluster and Initial Rapid Assessment) assessment in Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes and Guiuan was undertaken by ACTED alone, but was part of the wider MIRA bringing together clusters/sectors around one agreed methodology so that data collection, collation, processing and analysis could be aligned into a single process. The country-level inter-cluster coordination mechanism is responsible for leading this assessment. The analysis of the MIRA assessment, coupled with ACTED’s follow up meetings with key local stakeholders identified the following priority needs across all five municipalities: 1. Shelter: 100% of barangay officials reported roofing materials as the primary emergency shelter need of their respective communities. 2. WASH: The majority of barangay officials identified water and/or sanitation as critical needs in their communities. Municipal water supplies, water filtration and public toilet rehabilitation were mentioned as possible interventions. 3. Livelihoods: The majority of Barangay officials reported that their communities had lost their core livelihoods as a result of Yolanda. 4. Local Infrastructure: 100% of Barangay officials highlighted that their respective local schools had been severely damaged and prioritized school repair as a primary need. 2. Eastern Samar Overview ACTED conducted MIRA assessments across the majority of Easter Samar including the municipalities of: Balangiga, General McArthur, Giporlos, Guiuan, Hernani, Lawaan, Maydolong, Mercedes, Quinapondan and Salcedo. The coastal municipalities of Eastern Samar along the southern and southeastern coast are the most highly affected with between 80-100% total shelter destruction across these municipalities. The affected population in these 10 municipalities amounts to approximately 140,000 people1, about 32% of the entire population of Eastern Samar. The overall assessment of Eastern Samar has highlighted the critical needs as shelter and WASH with an impending need for further food inputs once the government and private food donations are exhausted. In all highly affected municipalities, the only structures still standing are the public buildings and the concrete homes concentrated in the municipal centers. In nearly all cases, however, the roof of these structures is non-existent. The structures built of 1 Source: Barangay chairmen, Provincial authorities and 2010 Census data ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province: Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes, Guiuan 25 November 2013 timber and coco lumber are nearly all uninhabitable, yet people have begun to repair with salvaged materials from the debris. Shelter As mentioned above, the most highly affected municipalities exhibit 80-100% total shelter destruction. Despite this, most people have returned to their original house to begin repairs from salvaged material with a smaller number living with host families or relatives. Guiuan is the only highly affected municipality in which a significant number of individuals still reside in evacuation centers (6 evacuation centers with under 300 people2). The main concern, as voiced by barangay officials, is that people are forced to live in high affected or damaged houses. Secondary concerns include overcrowding of existing shelters and the lack of temporary or semi-permanent shelters. Nearly across the board, barangay officials expressed the need for roofing materials, as most people are interested in returning to their previous house. WASH Protected sources such as deep wells and boreholes with hand pumps constitute the majority of water sources in Eastern Samar. The islands off the coast of Guiuan rely on unprotected springs as their main source of watter. These sources have been unaffected by the typhoon. Municipal piped water exists in all municipal centers, but is not operational due to lack of fuel and damage to pumps in the municipal water systems. The water from these sources is not considered to be potable and nearly all barangay officials indicated that people are boiling the water due to contamination. Some humanitarian agencies have begun rehabilitating and treating municipal water as well as introducing filtration systems for other sources. Despite the lack of quality potable water, water shortages are not an issue at the moment. Sanitation in all municipalities is a critical concern and major gap at the moment. While some individuals have access to pre-existing toilets in urban centers, the majority do not and almost all rural areas are without sanitation facilities, except for the few remaining public toilets that are not a preferred form of sanitation for those accustomed to a private toilet. 70-100% of individuals, on average, are reported as openly defecating. Facilities for toilets and bathing are reported as a critical concern for women, particularly. No known sanitation interventions are known at the moment, though hygiene kits are being distributed throughout the region at the moment. Health The main health concerns reported by barangay chairmen included fever and respiratory issues with secondary symptoms of diarrhea and skin disease. In nearly all assessed areas, the health facilities have been completely destroyed and/or are operating at a critically low level. Health provision is currently fairly well covered by international health organizations, the national government and local medical missions. Rehabilitation of existing health facilities, staffing and medication are impending critical needs. Food Security Immediately after the typhoon, 100% of the affected population had access to food stocks from the local government, private donations and international sources distributed by the US Military. WFP began distributing a seven day ration in all of the affected municipalities of Eastern Samar as well as the islands of Guiuan municipality around 20 November 2013. Continued food provision is an impending critical need as local government and private donation food sticks begin to dwindle. Before the WFP distributions, barangay chairmen report that the distributed rations 2 As of 22 November 2013 ACTED Assessment Report: Eastern Samar Province: Quinapondan, Giporlos, Salcedo, Mercedes, Guiuan 25 November 2013 lasted 1-2 days for each family and required households to limit their meals to twice daily. Consistent with this impending need is the barangay chairmen nearly across the board noting their main concern as running out of existing food stocks. The lack of open markets/shops and cooking facilities were secondary concerns with the lack of cash being a tertiary concern at the moment given the relative lack of available food for purchase. Rice for purchase is available in very limited quantities in some of the most highly affected municipalities with a 65- 100% increase in the price per kilogram. In some cases, camote, cassava and gabi are available at the household level for sharing or trade, but these are not available for purchase in large quantities, as the crops were largely destroyed as a result of the typhoon. Livelihoods Fishing is by far the most practiced livelihood in Eastern Samar with farming and small trade as distant secondary sources. Production of copra (dried coconut for oil production) was also mentioned as a common income sources. All of these livelihoods have been critically affected by the typhoon with nearly 100% of all crops (standing and plantation) and fishing equipment completely destroyed in the most highly affected municipalities. The most commonly reported need for livelihood rehabilitation is the provision of fishing and crop inputs such as boats, nets and seedlings. Land degradation or damage was not a serious concern for farmers, as the land remains suitable for planting. Mass Communication Communication is an extremely critical gap, as the only functioning cell network exists in Guiuan with very limited range. Without functioning communication networks, individuals have been unable to reach family members for updates on their situation following the typhoon and information is not easily disseminated by municipal governments about distributions or other critical information. Barangay chairmen expressed distress about not knowing the current situation or whether assistance was on its way. Reports indicate that Globe cellular network is functional starting 25 November
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