Subversive Play in Grand Ducal Florence on the 17Th of February
Page 1of38 between this versionandtheVersionrecord. Pleasecitethis articleasdoi:10.1111/rest.12314. through thecopyediting, typesetting, pagination andproofreading process,whichmay lead todifferences This istheauthor manuscriptaccepted forpublicationandhas undergonefullpeerreview buthasnotbeen both seen and heard by their enemies, the youngmen the enemies, their seen by and heard both Messer Benedetto Varchi, Libro XI XI Libro Varchi, Benedetto Messer
During this republican era, era, republican Duringthis for the contempt their order boldly broadcast in to ball the Croce andSanta played gatheredPiazza in intermettere l’antica usanza di giuocare ogn’anno a ogn’anno giuocare di usanza l’antica intermettere Walls Ballson 1 * As Benedetto Varchi would later recount in his in later recount would Varchi Benedetto As waiting inside their city walls, and famously, by p by and famously, walls, city their waitinginside governmen Medici the reinstate to gateswaiting the o resurgence a brief enjoying andwas family Medici yearsbe In the Florence. VII besieged Clement Pope
2015. 2015. Renaissan the at panel Life’ Street Modern Early on ‘Spatial Histories of the Early Modern Italian City Italian Modern Early the of Histories ‘Spatial Chris Zappella, and Rebecca Zorach. This research a research This Zorach. Rebecca and Zappella, Chris alta, e non fece male nè danno nessuno a persona.’ persona.’ a nessuno danno nè male fece non e alta, Croce santa di tetto del comignolo sul in strumenti s solamente non essere per e vitella, una giuocando un Croce santa di piazza insulla fecero de’nemici, see Dario Brancato and Salvatore Lo Re, ‘Per una nu ‘Per Re, Lo Salvatore and Brancato Dario see testuale,’ testuale,’ Benedetto Varchi’s Benedetto I am thankful for suggestions and contributions to to contributions and suggestions for am I thankful but the ball went high, and it did not do damage do not did to it and high,went ball the but continue the old custom of playing custom old the continue of the roof of Santa Croce, whereupon from Giramont from whereupon Croce, roofof the of Santa trumpets with ofmusicians a party put they enemies to only not order in for enemies…and their contempt On the 17th of February 1529 youths put on a match youthsa on match put 1529 of February 17th the On From 24 October 1529 to 10 August 1530, an Imperia an August 10 1530, to 1529 October From 24
Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Class Pisa di Superiore Normale Scuola della Annali Accepted Article Storia Fiorentina Storia
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. Subversive Play in Grand Ducal Florence Ducal Grand Play in Subversive calcio calcio (Colonia: Pietro Martello, 1721): 346, ‘Agli dicias 346, 1721): Martello, Pietro (Colonia: Balls on Walls, Feet on Streets: Feet Walls, Streets: on on Balls was first published in 1721. See Benedetto Varchi Benedetto See 1721. in published was first was a competition between the four quarters of the fourquarters between the acompetition was Renaissance Studies ’ panel at the College Art Association conference i conference Association Art College the at panel ’ a partita a livrea, venticinque bianchi e venticinq e bianchi venticinque livrea, a partita a , dove dal Giramonte su lor tratto una cannonata, m cannonata, una tratto sulor Giramonte dal dove , entiti, ma veduti, misero una parte de’ sonatori co sonatori de’ parte una misero veduti, ma entiti, For analysis of the the of analysis For l Calcio per Carnovale, e sì ancora per maggior vil maggior per ancora sì e Carnovale, per Calcio l calcio this article from Niall Atkinson, Irene Backus, Sea Backus, Irene Atkinson, Niall from article this ce Society of America conference in Berlin, 2015, a 2015, Berlin, in conference America of Society ce lso benefitted from comments at the ‘Comparative Pe ‘Comparative the at comments from benefitted lso ova edizione della della edizione ova Storia fiorentinaStoria
for carnival, but even more to show public public show even moreto but carnival, for attack, even under the threat of cannon fire. cannonfire. of under threat the attack, even laying game in resistance of the siege. Wanting to be to siege. Wanting of the resistance gamein -Benedetto Varchi, Varchi, -Benedetto t, the Florentines resisted the attack the by resisted Florentines the t, e di Lettere e Filosofia e Lettere di e f republicanism. Now with enemy armies atarmiesenemy with Now frepublicanism. fore the siege, the city had ousted the ruling ruling the hadousted city the siege, forethe projected music from the roof of the church roof the church of the from projectedmusic calcio, anyone. Storia Storia and other instruments in the chimney chimney the in and otherinstruments Storia Storia be heard, but also seen by their seen beheard,also but of e there was fired a cannon at them: them: at acannon firedethere was l army fighting for Charles Vand Charles for armyfighting l calcio in livrea in calcio their city’s popular ball game. ball popular city’s their in preparation of a new critical edition, edition, critical new a of inpreparation , on 17 February youngFebruary 17 on , men del Varchi: il problema storico e e storico problema il Varchi: del *1
Storia fiorentinaStoria , Serie 5, 2015, 7/1, 201-231. 201-231. 7/1, 2015, 5, Serie , sette i giovani, sì per non sìper giovani, i sette , , Storia Fiorentina di di Fiorentina Storia , not only to not , ue verdi, verdi, ue n trombe e altri altri e ntrombe n New York, York, nNew ipendio ipendio a la palla andò andò palla la a city, a local a local city, n Roberts, Roberts, n s wellthes as , Book XI Book , XI rspectives rspectives
political message. message. political Calcio Raffaello Gualter itself. city of the andgreatness
sponsoring festivals and promoting state-controlled promoting and sponsoringfestivals in as an instrument culture functioned game.Festal gold-trimmed, adorned in bodies figure the of their livrea Condotta: 1688), 89. 89. 1688), Condotta: games. Play in the piazza was an activity to besee to was an activity piazza the Play games. in government. The youths’ofuse The government. defying for symbolically choice an ideal makingit associated and combat valorous with gamesynonymous Walls Ballson 2 andgrand as these?’ goldhe that with trimmed satin white otherin the one costu the squads, two of the gamesight and the o According to 1575. in Lyon France IIIin ofHenri weddings and family events and using the events andfamily weddings dynastic interests. The Grand Duchy evenrepurposed Duchy The Grand dynasticinterests. t festivals and games popular repurposing spaceand re of the history the re-write to worked government In Pietro di Lorenzo Bini, Bini, Lorenzo di Pietro In games, with the perfected forms of their silk and silk of their forms perfected the with games, (1589) (Fig. 1) depicts the players in the field p field the playersthe in (1589)(Fig. 1) depicts Accepted Articleret Medici and the ended siege the Florence When of
2 Only the nobility was permitted to participatedir to was permitted Only nobility the Memorie del calcio fiorentino tratte da diverse scr diverse tratteda fiorentino calcio del Memorie This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. calcio Renaissance Studies in a moment of war speaks to the potential serious potential the to of war speaks a moment in calcio calcio
otti’s (1544-1638) paintingof (1544-1638) the otti’s as a diplomatic gift by presenting a match to to a match gift presenting by a diplomatic as queried, ‘Are all the Florentines so beautiful beautiful so Florentines the all queried, ‘Are n and heard, an activity capable of carrying a carrying of capable anactivity and heard, n pink and blue uniforms over the action of the over action the uniforms and blue pink a carefully controlled cultural policy; cultural controlled a carefully the reinstatement of the tyrannical Medici Medici tyrannical of the reinstatement the publican era, in part by controlling urban urban controlling part by in era, publican versions of games oflike versions med in yellow satin trimmed with silver, and silver, with yellow trimmed in satin med ne account, Henri was so impressed by the byimpressed so the Henri was neaccount, o glorify themselves and support their their support and glorify o themselves the the ositioned in elegant poses. It emphasises elegant poses. in ositioned satin clad bodies representing the beauty beauty the representing clad bodies satin with neighbourhood and pride, civic neighbourhood with calcio urned to power, the reinstated reinstated the power, urnedto game,hosting itture (Stamperia di S.A.S. alla alla S.A.S. di (Stamperia ectly in these in ectly calcio calcio
matches for matches was a way to wayto wasa A Game of Game A of calcio in in calcio ness of ness Page 2of38 Page 3of38 play continued to be a source of anxiety for the Gr for anxiety the of bea source to continued play piazzas of Florence. piazzas Ricerche Fussball: Die Renaissance de Spielede Renaissance Die Fussball: sixteenth centuries sixteenth city, nor merits academic study. academic city,merits nor playsuch that do notions and to evidence dearthof oftenoverlook have been activities space. in These that of playstreet the in transitory in activities the city space through the apparatus of public game of public apparatus the city the through space ident a unified promoted rhetorically artworksthat th I.sametime the At Ferdinando under GrandDuchy thro 1530 in republic the of fall Florence the from of the import political and social the to attention appropriated transgressive and violent potential of the ludic as ludic of the potential andviolent transgressive exert authority over bodies, performance, and use o and use performance, bodies, authority over exert Walls Ballson 5 4 3 with young men similar to those described by Varchi described those by youngto similar men with different than subjects of serious study, and thus, and study, serious of subjects than different merit serious scholarship. See Gherardo Ortalli, ‘A Ortalli, Gherardo See scholarship. serious merit summarizes the age old argument against academic st academic against argument old age the summarizes of the creation of the Fondazione Benetton, the lea the Benetton, Fondazione the of creation the of Carew-Reid, Carew-Reid, communit to relate and memory movement everyday how 41-75. 41-75. Reasons of Misrule: Youth Groups and Charivaris in Charivaris and Groups Youth Misrule: of Reasons violence in late Renaissance Venice Renaissance late in violence Gherardo Ortalli, Professor at Università Ca Fosca Ca Università at Professor Ortalli, Gherardo R see youthorganization, and violence popular For of support in festivals and games of reading a For : http://en.fbsr.it/fbsr.php/History_of_Games/Histo : This article focuses on these balls games and actsgames and these balls on article focuses This Florence in the time of the Medici: public celebrat public Medici: the of time the in Florence
Accepted Article calcio (Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance S Renaissance and Reformation for Centre (Toronto:
for their own interests, ball games remained games popula ball interests, own fortheir
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994) and Nata and 1994) Press, University Oxford York: (New (Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, 2006) and Michel Michel and 2006) Wagenbach, Klaus Verlag (Berlin: 5 My research responds to calls for calls moresubstantive to responds My research Renaissance Studies since games have not been thought to be not seriou not be to thought been not have games since ding institution in Italy dedicated to the historythe to dedicated Italy in institution ding lla scoperta della serietà del gioco,’ gioco,’ del serietà della scoperta lla the Medici dynasty, see: Horst Bredekamp, Bredekamp, Horst see: dynasty, Medici the ri Venezia, notes this problem for game studies in in studies game for problem this notes Venezia, ri obert Davis, Davis, obert Sixteenth–Century France,’ France,’ Sixteenth–Century udy of games: game play has been considered structu considered been has gameplay games: of udy contributed to community identity and belonging and belonging community to identity contributed
everyday games played on the streets of streets the on played games everyday enacted in public urban space through youth through urban space public in enacted ry_of_games_and_gaming (accessed 10/9/2016) 10/9/2016) (accessed ry_of_games_and_gaming ugh the rule of Cosimo I rise andof the the of Cosimo ughrule the andDuchy. ity of Florence and a spectre of control over control of aspectre Florenceand ityof es not seriously relate to the public life of life the public the relateto seriously esnot ed in a history of urban space due both to a spaceto due both urban a historyed in of f space in the city.fspace the in s like like s continuing to play play to continuing ions, politics, and literature in the fifteenth and fifteenth the in literature and politics, ions, at the Medici were commissioning commissioning were Medici the at The war of the fists: popular culture and public public and culture popular fists: the of war The calcio in livrea in calcio of play in urban space. It drawsIt space. of playurban in yspace by urban in building tudies, 2008). 2008). tudies, 4 While the Medici the indeed While Past & Present &Present Past 3 Despite this, the broaderthe this, Despite r quotidian activities, activities, rquotidian Fondazione Benetton Studi Studi Benetton Fondazione calcio , the populace engaged populacethe , lie Zemon Davis, ‘The ‘The Davis, lie Zemon Plaisance and Nicole Nicole and Plaisance in the streets and streets the in Florentiner Florentiner 50 (Feb., 1971), 1971), (Feb., 50 of games. Ortalli Ortalli games. of s, they do not not do they s, work on work on his discussion hisdiscussion rally rally
performance in urban space, a sphere sometimes cont sometimes a sphere space, urban performancein Publics, Spaces in Early Modern Europe Modern in Early Spaces Publics, Review particular by the by the particular Routledge, 2010) 2010) Routledge, Yachnin, eds. eds. Yachnin, and representation of space and the intellectual hi intellectual the and space of representation and anof games, relation in class policingof symbols, of artwo commission games, of popular appropriation contribution of sports’ andstudies power absolute Main: Suhrkamp, 2010). Recent scholarship hassough scholarship Recent 2010). Suhrkamp, Main: z Untersuchungen Öffentlichkeit. der Strukturwandel experiences, networks, performances, and voices. Se voices. and performances, networks, experiences, aristocratic classes.aristocratic everyd on light sheds that evidence introducingnew Walls Ballson 7 6 community in an early modern public sphere- a spher sphere- public modern an early in community games how demonstrates festal of the andfrom apart trans the out Teasing and festal. ludic, quotidian, envir urban the in topographies andfluid competing by commissioned festivals public artworksdepicting M the from alongsideletters Laurenzianamanuscript In consider urban space. youthsin by enacted games street play about a ofwealth information supplies legislation, control, and authority by the Grand Du Grand the by authority and control, legislation, Space Public in Early Modern Europe: Geography, Per Geography, Europe: Modern Early in Public Space locations, institutions, and materials involved in in involved materials and institutions, locations, Press, 2015) 2015) Press, look at the role of language, literature, and the e the and literature, language, of role the at look Eberhart, Eberhart, Traditional views of an early modern public have b have public modern early an of views Traditional Rosenthal, David and Nevola Fabrizio See , 2011. Urban space and community have recently bee haverecently community and space Urban 2011. , In concert with recent studies of the Medici Grand Grand Medici of the studies recent with Inconcert Forms of Association: Making Publics in Early Moder Early in Publics Making Association: of Forms Making Publics in Early Modern Europe: People, Thin People, Europe: Modern Early in Publics Making
AcceptedPublics Making Article
6 A sixteenth-century manuscript found in the Biblio the in found manuscript Asixteenth-century
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. project at McGill University. For a much needed lo muchneeded a For University. McGill at project (Bologna: Berlin: Il Mulino; Duncker & Humblot, 20 &Humblot, Duncker Mulino; Il Berlin: (Bologna: Urban Communities in Early Modern Europe (1400-1700 Europe Modern Early in Communities Urban Renaissance Studies xchange of ideas in creating publics, see: Paul Yac Paul see: publics, increating ideas of xchange public making, see: Angela Vanhaelen and Joseph P. P. Joseph and Vanhaelen Angela see: making, public story in the early modern public, see Bronwen Wilso Bronwen see public, modern early inthe story een based in the writings of Habermas, see Jürgen H Jürgen see Habermas, of writings inthe based een e Massimo Rospocher, Rospocher, Massimo e u einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft Gesellschaft bürgerlichen der Kategorie einer u t to complicate his work, focusing on the multiplic the on focusing work, his complicate to t formance, Privacy formance,
gressive and political potential of the ludic apart ludic of the potential gressiveand political by listing and describing nearly one hundred nearlyone hundred byand describing listing d attempts to control play on the street all street all the on play control to attempts d to collective identity, the Medici’s Medici’s the identity, collective to chy. n widely considered in a broader European context, context, European broader ina widelyconsidered n onment through the interpenetration of the through interpenetration the onment ay play, including play by than less the including play ay play, ing the kind of play described in the the in described of play kind ingthe the Medici, we can see how games forged how see we can Medici, the in the city produced moments of moments city the in produced edici archive that recount youth and play recount that archive edici e carved out through use ofuse and through out ecarved ending with and in contention with with contention andending in with n Europe n rks presenting those games as dynastic as games dynastic those presenting rks 7
gs, Forms of Knowledge of Forms gs, Duchy that rethink the narrative of its its of narrative the rethink Duchythat (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Massachusetts of University (Amherst: (London: Routledge, 2013). For a new a For 2013). Routledge, (London: Beyond the Public Sphere: Opinions, Opinions, Sphere: Public the Beyond ok at the physical spaces, spaces, physical the at ok teca Laurenziana teca (New York: (New York: 12). On the rhetoric rhetoric theOn 12). hnin and Marlene Marlene and hnin (Frankfurt am am (Frankfurt Ward, Ward, n and Paul Paul nand ): A Research Research A ): abermas ity of ity Making Making , , in
Page 4of38 Page 5of38 propagation of identity, and the Medici’s assertion Medici’s the and of identity, propagation beyond factions. factions. beyond ball game. The linear perspective of this image emp image of this perspective game.The linear ball Medici and his Self-Representation in Florentine Ar Florentine in Self-Representation his and Medici Stradano has rendered the scene in the Sala Gualdra scene Sala the the in rendered has Stradano (Fig.2). in festivities of public series of paintings his in the Renaissance the ‘Athletics within the social fabric,’ in John McCle inJohn fabric,’ social withinthe ‘Athletics speak to the substantiveness of the ludic.of the substantiveness the speakto Walls Ballson 10 9 8 surrounding buildings. In the center, two squads dr center,In the squads two surrounding buildings. o uniformity the field playing createa rectangular Calcio: ‘Justly our own Florentine game’ Florentine own our ‘Justly Calcio: invested topography contributed to the construction the to contributed topography invested spe andduring daily life in both urbanenvironment though she strains to fit each scene within this co withinthis scene fit each to strains she though context play in urban space in Florence more broadl more Florence in space urban in play context and Political Power in Renaissance Florence Renaissance in Power Political and interprets Stradano’s work in the Sala Gualdrada in Gualdrada Sala the in work Stradano’s interprets 1558 si fe’ al Calcio a S. M. Novella, a ore 22 ½ c ½ 22 ore a Novella, M. S. a fe’siCalcio al 1558 the and violenceof chaos for the space controlled 1558), Florence held lavish celebrations and games, celebrations lavish Florence held 1558), 42. 42. of Stradano’s work in the Sala Gualdrada as a polit a as Gualdrada Sala inworkthe Stradano’s of Piazza Santa Maria Santa Novella. Piazza Giuseppe Corazzini, Corazzini, Giuseppe Zanrè, Domenico See E. Allegri and A. Cecchi, A.Cecchi, and Allegri E. In the weeks preceding the marriage of Lucrezia de' Lucrezia of marriage the weeksIn preceding the
10 Both the subject matter of the image of of image of the matter subject Both the
Accepted 114-131. 2006), Routledge, (London: Article
Diario fiorentino di Agostino Lapini Lapini Agostino di fiorentino Diario Cultural Non-Conformity in Early Modern Florence Modern Early in Non-Conformity Cultural Palazzo Vecchio e i Medicii e Vecchio Palazzo This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 9 A few years later, Giovanni Stradano likely repres likely Stradano yearsGiovanni Afew later, (New York: Peter Lang Pub Incorporated, 1994); for 1994); Incorporated, Pub Lang Peter (New York: Renaissance Studies 8 ntext, and thus I see these images as better interp better as images these see I thus and ntext, Play shaped the production, use, and meaning of th andmeaning use, production, the Play shaped he furono 30 per parte’ parte’ per 30 furono he lland, lland, ical tool for Cosimo I, see: Henk Th. van Veen, Veen, van Th. Henk see: I, Cosimo for tool ical the context of the Festival of San Giovanni, often Giovanni, San of Festival the of context the y, see Heidi L. Chrétien, L.Chrétien, y,Heidi see t and Culture and t
(Florence: Guida storica, 1980): 211. Heidi Chréti Heidi 211. 1980): storica, Guida (Florence: the Sala di Gualdrada in the Palazzo Vecchio Palazzo Gualdrada the di in Sala the Body and Mind: Sport in Europe from the Roman Empir Roman the from Europe in Sport Mind: and Body
(Florence: Sansoni Editore, 1900), 121: ‘A’ di 2 di 2 ‘A’ di 121: 1900), Editore, Sansoni (Florence: f which is echoed by the receding lines of the lines receding echoed the is which by f calcio calcio game. The space of the Piazza Santa Maria Santa Piazza of the game.The space of authority. In Stradano’s image, spectators spectators image, InStradano’s of authority. essed in red and yellow rugby-like the play red essedand in cial events. In turn, the city’s Insocially the turn, cialevents. of Florentine identity, within, between,and within, of Florentine identity, hasises the regularity of the piazza, creating a piazza, the of regularity the hasises da speak to the the to daspeak including a match of the the aincluding of match (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 2006), Press, University Cambridge (Cambridge: in Piazza Santa Maria Novella and how Maria and how Santa Novella Piazza in Medici to Alfonso II d’Este (3 July II(3 d’Este July Alfonso to Medici (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005) and and 2005) Ashgate, VT: (Burlington, The Festival of San Giovanni: Imagery Imagery Giovanni: San of Festival The calcio ’s activation of space, of space, activation ’s calcio in livrea livrea in calcio ented the event ented the reted inthe reted an interpretation interpretation an Cosimo I de' de' I Cosimo usefully, usefully, en en luglio in in e e to to e promote a specifically Florentine identity. Florent identity. Florentine a specifically promote proper and ancient of the city of Florence, in the the Florence,in city of ancientof the properand brings spatial order to the piazza.the to order bringsspatial Novella, however, is not as regular as Stradano mak asStradano as regular not is however, Novella, perspective and his composition to highlight th how to composition andhis perspective Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Fl in Institutes Kunsthistorischen des Mitteilungen Florence: Historical GIS and the Early Modern City Modern Early the and GIS Historical Florence: bodies in the piazza in relation to festalculture, to inrelation inpiazza the bodies In the third edition of the Accademia della Crusca’ della Accademia of the edition In third the linea a noble it to attributed game,and emblematic Greeks Roman the the to from Sferomachia, passed to d’argento; e chiamossi il ‘Calcio de’ Vagliati,’ ci Vagliati,’ de’ ‘Calcio il chiamossi e d’argento; cioe 30, di teletta d’oro in campo rosso, e 30 di t e di 30 rosso, incampo d’oro teletta di 30, cioe Walls Ballson 13 12 11 Villa in Poggio a Caiano. See Dorine van Sasse van van Sasse van Dorine See Caiano. a inPoggio Villa 2016) 2016) http://decima-map.net/. See also: Nicolas Terpstra Terpstra Nicolas also: See http://decima-map.net/. still clearly visible today (Fig.3-4). clearly today still visible above,from illus piazza the ofFlorence represents the game the dressed in gold and silver to honor Florence, rathe honor to goldand silver dressedin adorned bod and the spectacle of the lavishness the Florent the by as recounted awhich, match wedding, c the is represented match the suggests localethat Mar Santa Piazza the Croce, not Santa Piazza the in Viewing Bodies at Work in Fifteenth-Century Italy Fifteenth-Century Workin at Bodies Viewing Giuseppe Corazzini, Corazzini, Giuseppe depicts Stradano the by digitized been has map Bonsignori’s Stradano’s image speaks to a rhetoric of control ov control a rhetoric to of speaks image Stradano’s
Accepted Articlerepublic Earlier SantaNovella: Maria Piazza the in calcio
Diario fiorentino di Agostino Lapini Lapini Agostino di fiorentino Diario several times, and records show he was supposed to supposed was he show records and times, several This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 12 Stradano also makes a statement with the very the pla with a statement makes also Stradano 11 Stradano, who knew the who Stradano, Renaissance Studies Decima Project Decima see: Allie Terry-Fritsch, Terry-Fritsch, Allie see: eletta d’argento, che fu cosa signorile. Furono vin Furono signorile. cosa fu che d’argento, eletta oe furno quelli che non furono accettati’ furono non che quelli furno oe (forthcoming) (forthcoming) orenz and Colin Rose, Rose, Colin and Ysselt, ‘Il Calcio Fiorentino disegnato da Giovanni da disegnato Fiorentino Calcio ‘Il Ysselt, (New York, NY: Routledge Research in Digital Human inDigital Research Routledge NY: York, (New , 37. Bd., H. 2/3 (1993): 481-487. 481-487. (1993): H. 2/3 37. Bd., ,
manner of an ordered battle, with a ball, similar similar a ball, with battle, anordered mannerof elebration of Lucrezia and Alfonso II’s Alfonso and Lucrezia of elebration ine poets lauded the virtues of virtues the lauded poets ine r than the most skilled. most the than r (Florence: Sansoni Editore, 1900), 121: ‘vestiti tu ‘vestiti 121: 1900), Editore, Sansoni (Florence: trating its irregular trapezoidal space, which is space, is which trapezoidal irregular tratingits ge tracing back to ancient Greece and Rome. Greece and Rome. ancient to getracing back s dictionary, dictionary, s ies of the noble ‘signorile’ participants participants ‘signorile’ noble of the ies , a resource to which this project is indebted, see indebted, is whichproject this to resource a , ia Novella. It is this conspicuous change of change of conspicuous Itthis is ia Novella. e rectangular playing field of the field e playing rectangular es it appear. Stefano Bonsignori’s 1584 map map 1584 Bonsignori’s Stefano appear. esit ine diarist of Agostino Lapini, emphasized Lapini, emphasized of Agostino diarist ine s, and from the Romans to us. Lat. us. to Romans andthe from s, Mapping Space, Sense, and Movement in Movement and Sense, Space, Mapping er urban space and the use of use andthe er urban space Somaesthetics and the Renaissance: Renaissance: the and Somaesthetics an calcio calcio calcio do a series of frescos on on frescos of series a do game intimately, uses uses gameintimately, games typically occurred typically games occurred is listed as, ‘a game, as,‘a listed is 13
For the For calcio calcio centi la teletta teletta la centi calcio cement of cement calcio Stradano,’ Stradano,’ players’ players’ , the city’s the , calcio calcio ities, ities, at the at game tti, tti, : to to Page 6of38 Page 7of38 fiorentino Harpastum, harpasti ludus. harpasti Harpastum, of pi the space the pervades rathertumult the that only praises the virtues of the the of virtues the only praises of the pageantries in detail. Similar to Stradano’s to Similar detail. in of pageantries the the ancients, in his introduction Bardi calls calls Bardi introduction his in ancients, the f of playing the orderliness the emphasizing image, se a creates also work Bardi’s accompanying etching ancientRome. i Florence, excellenceof and showcasenobility the control. Giovanni de’ Bardi wrote a treatise on on wrote a Bardi treatise de’ Giovanni control. F of their under banner the piazza, the in together da Latini a noi. Lat. noi. a Latini da vent a palla una con ordinato, battaglia di guisa a (Florence: Stamperia Giunta, 1612), 107: ‘è Calcio ‘èCalcio 107: 1612), Giunta, Stamperia (Florence: uneasy sense that the violenceof the uneasysense that t keeping perhaps fences, the inside from field the of blacksm cloud an into ominous billow piazza the nature of t tumultuous the at areimagehints there partthe of on game, both of the andchaotic nature game.The orde the surrounding and disunity discord Walls Ballson 15 14 Florence’s patron saint, Saint John the Baptist. Baptist. the John Saint saint, Florence’s patron city and the control of the Medici rulers, images o rulers, images Medici of the control cityand the (Florence: Giunti, 1580), 4: ‘proprio nostro giuoch nostro ‘proprio 4: 1580), Giunti, (Florence: Giovanni de' Bardi conte di Vernio, Vernio, di conte Bardi de' Giovanni Crusca, della Accademia (1580), and dedicated it ‘Al Sereniss. Gran Duca d Duca Gran Sereniss. ‘Al it and(1580), dedicated
Accepted15 Article
And yet, despite that in many ways many yet,in ways that And despite Harpastum Del Vocaobolo della Crusca nella Terza edizione sta edizione Terza nella Crusca della Vocaobolo Del This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. ’ ’ ’ 14
calcio What’s more, the the more, What’s Discorso sopra il giuoco del calcio fiorentino del del fiorentino calcio del giuoco il sopra Discorso calcio game, but also describes the rules of the game and ofrules the describes also the game, but Renaissance Studies is not something controlled within the playing fie playingthe within controlled something not is o, rassomigliantesi alla sferomachia, passato da’ G da’ passato sferomachia, alla rassomigliantesi o, o Fiorentino’ Fiorentino’ o anche Nome d’un giuoco, proprio, e antico della Cit anticodella e proprio, giuoco, d’un Nome anche calcio calcio Calcio
image of the image calcio azza. Both de’ Bardi and Stradano’s images of images Stradano’s Both de’ and Bardi azza. lorentine-ness as perpetuated by Medici byMedici as perpetuated lorentine-ness , ‘justly our own Florentine game,’ a game a to game,’ Florentine ‘justlyown our , he game. Fires lit atop the roofs surrounding roofs surrounding the atop Fireslit hegame. he crowds of spectators out and creating an and creating out spectators hecrowds of f the players and spectators, and throughout the andthe throughout playersthe and spectators, n the same manner as did the games of games the asdid samemanner the n ield (Fig. 5). After describing the games of the Afterdescribing (Fig. 5). ield calcio oke above the scene. Armed guards patrol guards patrol Armed okeabove scene. the calcio rliness of Bardi’s image belies the violent violent the image Bardi’s belies of rliness nse of stability in the composition of the composition the in ofnse stability , , served to unify the city, bringing people people city, bringing the servedunify to Discorso sopra il giuoco del calcio calcio del giuoco il sopra Discorso was played on the Feast Day of Feast the was on played show the possibility and potential for for and potential possibility the show was emblematic of the unity of the unity the of the of was emblematic i Toscana.’ De’ Bardi’s work not not work Bardi’s De’ Toscana.’ i calcio mpato in Firenze, alla voce alla Firenze, in mpato , the perspective in the the in perspective the , Puro Accademico AlteratoAccademico Puro reci a’ Latini, e e a’Latini, reci tà di Firenze, Firenze, di tà the order order the ld, but but ld,
physical space of Piazza Santo Spirito as place the Spirito Santo Piazza physicalof space one hand, the On ways. several in building public participating in ball games called games ball participatingin Ponte ‘Players of the Meadow,’ a mock chivalric clanenga chivalric a mock Meadow,’ ‘Playersof the and reality in both andcommunity createdidentity Antonio identity, their their identity, game, men also laid claim to the streets by playing games playing by streets the to claim laid also men t and space manage urban and control to an aim with Meadow, And are so disciplined at Calcio.’ at aredisciplined so Meadow, And atta to Hoping asmany squires, were otherteam the Strong and light of equal asskill, bulls Spirito, calcio Walls Ballson 17 16 Play on the Street Street the Playon the beyond game’s reach chaos,and the violenceand and conversely also the game, but apparatusof the impact of these impact ACLS Humanities E-Book, 2008). 2008). E-Book, Humanities ACLS Pastimes,’ Chapter 6: Artisans and Workers in R. Bu in R. Workers and Artisans 6: Chapter Pastimes,’ Richard C. Trexler, Trexler, C. Richard game public of overview earlyancomprehensive For (London: Methuen, 1904) and for a font of primary primary fontof a for and 1904) Methuen, (London: demonstrate not only the desire to organize space organize to desire the only not demonstrate palla di Calcio di palla
Lanza, Lanza, While the Medici incorporated games incorporated like Medici the While Lirici Toscani del Quattrocento del Toscani Lirici
Acceptedquartiere Article giovani,
Public Life in Renaissance Florence Renaissance in Life Public , in Piazza Santo Spirito, ‘And there were fifteen ‘And there fifteen were Santo Spirito, in , Piazza . On the other hand, the poem imagines the players imagines players the poem the otherhand, the On . or young men, noting that in the fifteenthcentury the in youngnotingthat or men, This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. calcio Renaissance Studies . (Rome: Bulzoni, 1975), 601-607. 601-607. 1975), Bulzoni, (Rome: A poem from 1460 by1460 from A poem 17 rr Litchfield, Litchfield, rr The poem alludes to the game as an engine for asan engine game the to alludes The poem s in early modern Italy, see: William Heywood, Heywood, William see: Italy, modern insearly of foot, Who want to make their fame prevail. On On fame make their to prevail. want Who offoot,
sources on public games, see: ‘Festivities and Popu and ‘Festivities see: games, public on sources (New York: Academic Press, 1980), 398. See also also See 398. 1980), Press, Academic (NewYork: calcio of the game and the sense of a neighbourhood of a neighbourhood sense gameof andthe the the young men are grouped both by both the younggrouped are the men . very need for control, the potential for potential the control, for very need representation, not only during the time of the of the during time the only not representation, 16 in honor; They are called Players of the Players called Theyare honor; in he populace, on a quotidian basis young basis aquotidian he populace,on ged in the ball game as battle. battle. gameas ball the gedin playing field. field. playing Richard Trexler posited the political social social political the posited Trexler Richard Florence ducal capital, 1530-1630capital, ducal Florence into their state-sponsored festivities festivities state-sponsored their into and control people through the people control and Giovanni Frescobaldi describes a describes Frescobaldi Giovanni of this quarter of Santo ofthis they were were they as squires pledged as pledged assquires Calcio Calcio (New York: (New York: Palio and and Palio lar lar Page 8of38 Page 9of38 placesof play. parranno...’ parranno...’ games, including games, century sixteenth of the turn the Laurenzianafrom g grand, state-sponsored Medici’s the to comparison the space of the piazza. piazza. the space the of transcribed by Albertina Furno, ‘Un codice di giuoc di ‘Un codice Furno, Albertina by transcribed A trarre per forza di braccia A scharicha Parigi Al Parigi A scharicha braccia di forza per Atrarre A schoreggia Alla“ ‘Particolari’) as noted margin biblioteche e degli archivi periodico di bibliotec di periodico archivi degli e biblioteche into stick his youthstabs the wall, alongside the a game,‘To jump or one slapping walls, walls, atop including jumpin wall, the at played games typesof describe author game the general the of type within game, but also beyond by reinforcing the sense of t of sense the reinforcing by beyond also game, but Walls Ballson 20 19 18 luoghi.’ s will ofthat games kinds describe many ‘theywill considered by John McClelland, McClelland, by John considered Anno. 7-8 N. XIV, Vol. 1903. Florence-Rome, Biagi. (London: Routledge, 2006). 2006). Routledge, (London: sorte giouchi quali sono questi (in margin noted as noted margin (in questi sono quali giouchi sorte di giuochi, accio, la moltitudine di giovani se ne se giovani di moltitudine la accio, giuochi, di games with whips, jumps in the air, acrobatics, and air, the acrobatics, in jumps whips, with games fo on horse either or by including jousting, noted, the horse, in on table, the on wall, ground,the on Biblioteca Laurenziana, Manoscritto: Ashb. 732, ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca Although less evidence about these ephemeral and ep and theseephemeral about evidence Althoughless 20 The surrounding urban space was important for the was important urban space The surrounding
Accepted Article18 The games to be described are divided into general into are bedescribed divided to games The
calcio , in which young men transformed walls and streets and streets walls young which transformed men in , This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. Body and Mind: Sport in Europe from the Roman Empir Roman the from Europe in Sport Mind: and Body Renaissance Studies possino servire secondo i luoghi et pigliare quelli pigliare et luoghi i secondo servire possino onomia e di bibliografia di paleografia e di archiv e di di paleografia dibibliografia e onomia le lotte franzese Et di piu sorte giuochi’ giuochi’ sorte piu di Et franzese lotte le ‘Generali’) Interra Al muro Alla tavola Alcavallo tavola Alla muro Al Interra ‘Generali’) saltare al muro A saltare interra A saltare inaria Asaltare interra Asaltare muro al saltare hi popolari fiorentini del secono XVI,’ in XVI,’ secono del fiorentini hipopolari . 1500, fol. 13v: ‘Noi da indi in nanzi descriverre nanzi in indi da ‘Noi 13v: 1500, fol. . parte qualche descrivere ‘Vogliamo 13v 1500, fol. . sectio and firstanalyzed is manuscript 1500. The . XIV, 54-57, 97-110. The manuscript has recently bee hasrecently manuscript The 97-110. 54-57, XIV,
the wall, and then holding tight jumps over the tight jumps theholding and then wall, air. Within these specific types of games are are games types ofthese specific air.Within ot, games with clubs, games played with tables, tables, with played games clubs, with games ot, lists and describes nearly one hundred popular popular onehundred and describes nearly lists erve youths according to their places,’ ‘i ‘i places,’their youthsto according erve he feats of strength. s as ‘al Muro,’ or ‘at a wall,’ there were many many were therewall,’ a or ‘at as ‘al s Muro,’ g over walls with the aid of a stick, sitting sitting of a stick, aid the with gwalls over t the wall with a stick,’ wherein running whereinrunning a stick,’ with wall the t ames, a manuscript in the Biblioteca the in a manuscript ames, quartiere quartiere isodic moments of playin survives moments isodic play of these games. For example, For games. example, of these play and by activating and controlling controlling and activating and by categories such as on the the as on such categories 19 The writer states that that states The writer e to the Renaissance the eto into ball courts and courts ball into Rivista delle delle Rivista che alloro alloro che A fare tomboli tomboli fare A istica, In aria (in aria In no molte sorti moltesorti no ns di piu piu di dir. Giudo Giudo dir. n
ball game called pall-mall, a of cricket: precursor game called pall-mall, ball per il debito mio.’ debito il per volta. De poi cessò quella voga. Hora da poi che V. che poi da Hora voga. quella cessò poi De volta. te passando giovani di adunata fare a mesi alquanti tornando’ camato adetto sopra with this kind of chaotic play with fire and sticks of chaotic playfire kind with this with can one eyesso closed, keep his to for player the th The notes author a stick. end of the candlewith shoulders his on stick the putting by dizzyhimself an a stick with of‘To spin game as the such games, Cosimo I on 12 April 1549, his secretary informs th secretary informs his I 1549, April 12 on Cosimo stre the in play such controlling wasin interested stick and returns to the ground safely. ground the and returns to stick Walls Ballson 23 22 21 ar the if street than youthsthe of take-over noble In this, do. youthsany to work without nobility-- youthsas o the describing first however, tune, his signific it thinks healso ball, play to ViaFaenza i the downplay to secretary seems AlthoughCosimo’s facevano l'altra. Sono giovani nobili et senza exer senza et nobili giovani Sono l'altra. facevano radunata d'ogni sorte di giovani, giocando a detto detto a giocando giovani, di sorte d'ogni radunata corsa corri al muro et appoggia la punta di detto c detto di punta la muroappoggia al et corri corsa Archivio di Stato di Firenze (henceforth ASF), Med ASF), (henceforth Firenze di Stato di Archivio ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca alml i te omnl tet dnn sometimes. dining street, communal the in pall-mall ..t atd o sm mnh, ahrns f young of gatherings months, some for lasted ...it The Medici government took note of this kind of quo kind of this note took government TheMedici
Acceptedmysake. withou youths E Your that noble enough is it me to and are do, to something youths...They of kind every Article
23
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 21 Renaissance Studies Other games demonstrate mischief involved in these in involved mischief demonstrate games Other citio, et bisogna faccino qualcosa, et a me basta c basta me a et qualcosa, faccino bisogna et citio, amato al muro, tenendolo forte et co’ ambi li tua p tua li ambi co’ et forte tenendolo muro, al amato pall'a maglio per la strada et cenandovi alcuna vol alcuna cenandovi et strada la per maglio pall'a mpo col pall'a mmaglio per la strada comune, cenand comune, strada la per mmaglio pall'a col mpo Ex. è partita di qua hanno cominciato a farvi la m farvila a cominciato hanno qua di partita è Ex. . 1500, fol. 16r: ‘A girare col bastone et spegnare et bastone col ‘Agirare 16r: 1500, fol. . e chamato, uno pigliando ‘Anchora 23r: 1500, fol. . iceo del Principato, Vol. 613, fol. 22. ‘et vi si d si ‘etvi 22. fol. 613, Vol. Principato, del iceo
ant enough to describe to the Duke. He changes changes Duke. He the to enough describe to ant tisan class were to do so. Inanother letter, so. do to were class tisan . ets and piazzas of Florence. In a letter to Into of Florence. a letter and piazzas ets
imagine the possible destruction and associated destruction possible the imagine the secretary implies it is less worrisome if if worrisome less is it secretary implies the f every kind and then later insisting on their their on insisting later andevery then kind f 22 e game is difficult and most fall, and it is good is and it fall, and most difficult game is e and turning on the ground and then put out a out put and then ground and turningthe on
d put out the light,’ in which the player must playerthe which must light,’ the in out put d e duke that some youthsa have been playing some ethat duke mportance of this months-long takeover of takeover months-long this mportanceof xcellence knows about it, for it, about knows xcellence people passing time playing playing time passing people tidian play and youthand games, play tidian and ... The same gathering of of gathering same The ... t work, and they need need they and work, t he V. E. il sappia sappia il E. V. he ta come come ta iedi salta di di salta iedi urò per per urò edesima edesima il lume’ lume’ il ovi alcuna alcuna ovi t piglinndo piglinndo t
Page 10of38 Page 11of38 Body and Mind: Sport in Europe from the Roman Empir Roman the from Europe in Sport Mind: and Body più sciolto et mancho terminato, et di minor numero minor di et terminato, mancho et sciolto più banda eletti per sorte da i comandatori in uno spaz inuno comandatori i da sorte per eletti banda perche nudo si gioucho, et per questo e piu familia piu e questo per et gioucho, si nudo perche pigliarlo, ma non puo essere preso da lui, masibe lui, da preso essere puo ma non pigliarlo, collazionati, delle loro varie lezioni arricchiti, arricchiti, lezioni varie loro delle collazionati, del Magnifico Lorenzo de' Medici fino all' anno 155 anno all' fino Medici de' Lorenzo Magnifico del requiring fewer players than than fewer players requiring like like from capture to players and attempt capture against unidentified, but I posit it depicts just such a such ga I just depicts it but posit unidentified, Stradano’s image of a of image Stradano’s vestito, e noi 'l sappiamo; Ma s'affatica in vano.’ in s'affatica Ma 'l noi sappiamo; e vestito, mano di convien esser ‘Ingnudi 501: 1750), (Lucca, have played a game a of have played Sa youths that, the from informed ‘[m]anyis Cosimo Walls Ballson 26 25 24 also explains the game the of explains also Carnascialeschi sere hanno facto al pome su la piazza di San Marco Marco San di piazza la su pome al facto hanno sere manuscript describes, describes, manuscript Cos to secretary’sletter The piazza. the centerof play trumpets gamewith a wrestling shows similarly indicates. difendino ond esser presi et presi vadino a pigliar a vadino presi et presi esser ond difendino s'adomandanocomand eletti dua qual giovanide 14 da sopra e dis totto dale Bombe quadre, et larghe tant larghe et quadre, Bombe dale totto dis e sopra all’altro , havendo per uno uno braccio a spazio, n a spazio, braccio uno uno per havendo , all’altro chiama mezzo pome al quale viene uno davena della B della davena uno viene quale al pome mezzo chiama et alri’ contro di questo ne e mandato uno altro, d altro, uno mandato e ne questo di contro alri’ et giucatori.’ giucatori.’ aridosso mandato gle inmediate che suoi, de quello Anton Francesco Grazzini Francesco Anton ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca 15 17. fol. 613, Vol. Principato, del Mediceo ASF, calcio 26 . 25 Although set in Piazza Santo Spirito rather P than Santo Spirito Piazza in Althoughset
Accepted Articleof Game the ‘The Song of called, Asong notes that while once played nude in pastoral sett pastoral in nude once while played that notes pome Game with Bonfireswith Game pome , Tutti i trionfi, carri, mascherate o canti carnas canti o mascherate carri, trionfi, i Tutti , This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. pome is now played clothed, in urban contexts as the le as the urban contexts in clothed, played now is in Piazza San Marco with bonfires and bonfires trumpets.’ Marco San with Piazza in calcio in detail, a wrestling game in the style of prison style the gameof in a wrestling detail, in , 14 total from which 2 squads elect leaders and de leaders elect squads 2 which from total 14 , Renaissance Studies notabilmente accresciuti, e co' ritratti di ciascun di ritratti co' e accresciuti, notabilmente For further discussion of pome, see Chapter 7 of J of 7 Chapter see pome, of discussion further For i il nimico, il quale preso da vinto una caccia. So caccia. vintouna da preso quale il nimico, il i all’altra parte dal suo comandatore nel medesimo mo medesimo nel comandatore suo dal parte all’altra el mezo della lungheza, et largheza e uno termine, termine, uno e largheza et lungheza, mezodella el ne nel fuggire et trattenerlo debbe ingegnarsi di f di ingegnarsi debbe trattenerlo et fuggire nel ne o, nelle quali a fila stieno despossi i giuochatori i despossi filastieno a quali nelle o, io di campo prato o renaio di 140 passi o in circa incirca o passi 140 di renaio o prato campo di io re a pastari, et alle ville che a quelli delle citt delle quelli a che ville alle et pastari, a re in Piazza Santo Spirito has thus far thus has remained Spirito Piazza Santo in nel pigliarlo et cosi sequita insino che sieno nell sieno che insino sequita cosi et pigliarlo nel con fuochi di stipa et suoni di trombe’ trombe’ di suoni et stipa di fuochi con di giovani, ch’ il Calcio, et ne nostri tempi manc tempi nostri ne et Calcio, il ch’ giovani, di 9 : in questa seconda edizione corretti, con divers con corretti, edizione seconda inquesta : 9 in mano, Ma pur si trova ancor qualche dappoco, Che dappoco, qualche ancor trova si pur Ma mano, in 49 May 20: ‘Molti giovini del quartier di San Giova San di quartier del giovini ‘Molti May 20: 49 . 1500, fol. 20r: ‘Al pome. Il giuocho del pome è p è pome del giuocho Il ‘Al pome. 20r: 1500, fol. . atori. L ufizio de qual è comandare a suoi, che pre che suoi, a comandare è qual de L ufizio atori. ande a chiedere mezzo pome mandato dal suo coman da coman suo dal mandato pome mezzo chiedere a ande e to the Renaissance to the e me of me
imo continues, ‘[a]nd today they came to me me to today came ‘[a]nd they continues, imo the other team, played in a large field much much a large in field played otherteam, the ing and bonfires lit as youths compete in the the youthscompetein as andlit bonfires ing n Giovanni quarter of the city these nights nights city the quarter these of Giovanni n pome Pome (Fig. 6). The Laurenziana manuscript Laurenzianamanuscript 6).The (Fig. ’ by Il LascaIl the in ’ by iazza San Marco, Stradano’s image image Stradano’s Marco, San iazza cialeschi andati per Firenze dal tempo tempo dal Firenze per andati cialeschi (London: Routledge, 2006) 2006) Routledge, (London: ings, as the Laurenziana as the ings, tter to Cosimo I Cosimo to tter 24 a. Si fa tal giuocho giuocho fatal Si a. er capture poeta adornate poeta Canti Canti The subject of The subject nudi presso luno presso nudi no adunque 6 per per 6 adunque no arlo pigliare da da pigliare arlo ohn McClelland, McClelland, ohn e Bombe Bombe e luogho terminato terminato luogho Il quale si quale Il ho honesto, honesto, ho i MSS. MSS. i do per per do fend sti sisti iù libero, et et iùlibero, nni a queste queste a nni l' usa far far usal' tore, tore,
perhaps it would be better for them to spend time w time spend to for them be better would perhapsit loro honesto et virtuoso passatempo.’ passatempo.’ virtuoso et honesto loro Jacopi, Battista della Fonte et simili. Nel ragiona Nel simili. et Fonte della Battista Jacopi, the street. Lorenzo Cantini’s Cantini’s Lorenzo street. the Reformati during Counter the forMedici anxietythe transtullassino alle botteghe.’ botteghe.’ alle transtullassino and said they would like to with yourcont grace with to to like would they andsaid Walls Ballson 30 29 28 27 meriting an infraction city, of the centralstreets balls...’ dice, bats, cards, . . . whatsoeverof be should there ordinancesstating secretary suggests to the boys that if they are goiare they boys if that the to secretarysuggests and sph topography fluid the reflecting merriments, youthsforCos the ask otherhand, the On trumpets. with complete sports, public sanctioned to similar pi the youthstaken over already have the one hand, 23 August 1566; 7:163, 24 December 1569;13:192, 3 3 J 1569;13:192, December 24 7:163, August1566; 23 youths positively: ‘[Y]our honest and virtuous past and virtuous honest ‘[Y]our youths positively: game to kill the cat, and if there are enough playe enough arethere cat, the and if kill gameto as (playgames)... such to during holiday the time Croce youthsSanta of the whennoble Contrastingly, youthsshou class artisanof the that is assumption desiderrebbono con bona gratia di Vostra Eccellenti Vostra di gratia bona con desiderrebbono l'ocha, et se si troverranno tanti giocare al pome. al giocare tanti troverranno si se et l'ocha, festa inquesta tempo di poco un passar Eccellenza Lorenzo Cantini, Cantini, Lorenzo 25: April 1549 28. fol. 5 Insert: 613, Vol. ASF, Ibid 15 17. fol. 613, Vol. Principato, del Mediceo ASF, .,‘Imperò s'andranno trastullando con dette pome, c pome, dette con trastullando s'andranno .,‘Imperò
Acceptedclasses, by noble than less the by city the Play in Article Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata e raccolta toscana Legislazione
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata raccolta toscana Legislazione ‘no game-playing in the streets or squares . . . no . . . or squares game-playingstreets the in ‘no Renaissance Studies Quelli che si trovono capi sono Alammano Bandini, Bandini, Alammano sono capi trovono si che Quelli mento io ho risposto loro che V. Ecc.a si contentersi Ecc.a V. che loro risposto ho io mento ‘Le giovini di Santa + desiderano con bona gratia d gratia bona con desiderano + Santa di ‘Legiovini di Santa + col far la chintana, fare ammazzare la g la ammazzare fare chintana, la far col + Santa di 30 a potere seguire di far un poco di festa in questo festainquesto di poco un far di seguire potere a 49 May 20: ‘Et hoggi ne sono venuti da medettomi e da venuti sono ne hoggi ‘Et May 20: 49 Cosimo I banned the ball game I ball the Cosimo banned une 1585;13:371, 4 November 1589;14:79, 18 159 July 18 1589;14:79, November 4 une1585;13:371,
a 10 10 a hé forse anche sarebbe meglio che alcuni di loro si loro alcunidi che meglio sarebbe anche forse hé ng to fritter away their time playing ball, playing ball, time awaytheir fritter to ng rs to playto rs ld be working rather than playing in the piazza. piazza. the playingin than rather beworking ld the game of the rooster and the goose, the the goose, the roosterand game ofthe the bonfires and the musical accompaniment of accompaniment musical andbonfires the inue to party in this manner tonight.’ manner partyto this inue in imes always content His Excellency.’ His always content imes (1532-1775), 32 vols. (Florence, 1800-1805), 6:311 1800-1805), (Florence, vols. 32 (1532-1775), azza -- they organized a game in a mode a a mode game in -- they azza organized eres of authority over urban space. Cosimo’s space. Cosimo’s urban authorityeresover of imo’s permission to continue their their continue to permission imo’s orking in their shops. orking their in on, and they passed laws forbidding play in in forbidding play laws passed and they on, quarter ask Cosimo permission to, ‘pass to, permission Cosimo ask quarter scudi the poor and artisans, was a source of a source of was and artisans, poor the fine, allowing it only, ‘along the wall wall only, the ‘along it fine, allowing pome ,’ Cosimo responds to the noble noble the to responds ,’Cosimo (1532-1775) notes notes (1532-1775) 28 Here again, the again,the Here pallone à sempre d'ogni d'ogni sempre à games ...... games serà questo.’ questo.’ serà atta, il gallo et et gallo il atta, from anyfrom Bernardo Bernardo i Vostra Vostra i 27 29 che che On the the On
4. , , Page 12of38 Page 13of38 bounding play within the prescribed times and place prescribedtimes the within bounding play per ciasuna volta o di dua tratti di fune’ fune’ di tratti dua di o volta ciasuna per Attraverso i secoli secoli i Attraverso Roman Empire to the Renaissancethe to Empire Roman start of the game.of the start Piazza Santa Croce (Fig. 9). Rule 17 of Bardi’s tre of Bardi’s 17 9).Rule Croce (Fig.Santa Piazza the trumpets, the designated designated the trumpets, the how festal culture attempted to control the ludic a ludic the control to attempted festal culture how fo plaques concertthe in with dell’Antella Palazzo
dating to 10 February 1565 demarcates the mid-point the demarcates 1565 February dating10 to Aroun infrastructure. gamesurban the in sponsored gove Florentine the 7-8). spaceConcurrently, (Fig. ansignaling Magazzini, dei and Via DanteAlighieri and squar streets in forbidden were gamesandother 1608 (Fig. and 10). 3 1608 ones marble by replaced later were obelisks wooden h chariotrace newly-instated routeof markthe his I obelisks Additionally, had wooden Cosimo Palazzo. design his in marble sign the included Giovanni San the seventeenth century, there were placards placed placards were century,there seventeenth the placesandthose streets in andoutside cityof the Walls Ballson 33 32 31 di detta città e fuora in quelli luoghi e strade do strade e luoghi inquelli fuora e città detta di quell lato, che muro si chiama dov’è posto alcuno s alcuno posto dov’è chiama si muro che lato, quell giustamente la palla batter il detto marmodirit si detto il batter palla la giustamente questo battere è uffizio del pallaio, il quale vest quale il pallaio, del uffizio è battere questo
Florence, ASF Manoscitti Settimanni, Diario di Fra di Diario Settimanni, Manoscitti ASF Florence, Ca del movimenti fieri de principio ‘Il 15: Bardi, Accepted Gabbrielli, Silvano and Artusi Luciano See Article (Florence: Giunti, 1989), 232 and John McClelland, McClelland, and John 232 1989), Giunti, (Florence:
32 This marker was significant enough that over fifty over that enough wassignificant marker This 33 The obelisks in Piazza Santa Maria Novella and the Santa Maria Novella Piazza in obelisks The This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. calcio calcio (London: Routledge, 2006), 109. 109. 2006), Routledge, (London: player bounces the ball off of the marble sign to s sign to off marble of the ball the player bounces Renaissance Studies Feste e giochi aFirenze giochi e Feste ve non siano case sotto pena a chi contraffacessi d contraffacessi chi a pena sotto case siano nonve ito d’ambedue i colori della Livrea, come huomo di di huomo come Livrea, della colori i d’ambedue ito to” to” lcio è batter la palla; il che si usa far nel mezzo nel far usa si che il palla; la batter è lcio egno, o di marmo, o d’altro il quale il mezzo a pun a mezzo il quale il d’altro marmo,o di o egno, ncesco Settimanni. See also Pietro Gori, Gori, Pietro also See Settimanni. ncesco
where there arehouses.’ not where there nd subvert its transgressive potential by potential transgressive its subvert nd eld on the Feast of Saint John, and these John, of Saint Feast the on eld atise on on atise rbidding quotidian ball games demonstrate demonstrate games ball rbiddingquotidian rnment placed permanent markers for markers for permanent placed rnment all over Florence over all Florence es. Two such plaques were erected on Via erectedon were plaques such es.Two d, marble plaque on the Palazzo dell’Antella dell’Antella Palazzo the marble on plaque d, for new frescoes on the facade of the the on frescoes for new s allowed by the government. government. the by allowed s attempt to control quotidian playurban in quotidian control to attempt designed by Bartolomeo Ammannati in in Ammannati Bartolomeo by designed of the playing field of the of playing the field set up in Piazza Santa Maria Novella to to Santa Piazza Maria Novella in up set (Florence: Becocci, 1976), 72, ‘lungo le mura le ‘lungo 72, 1976), Becocci, (Florence: calcio Body and Mind: Sport in Europe from the the from Europe in Sport Mind: and Body notes that at the third blow of blow third the at that notes indicating that ball games ball that indicating yearsda Giovanni later marble plaque on the the marbleon plaque 31 Feste Fiorentine Fiorentine Feste By the middle of By middle the calcio i scudi dieci d’oro d’oro dieci scudi i del campo da da campo del mezzo ignify the to dimostri dimostri to in the the in public. In the early and middle sixteenth century, century, sixteenth middle Inand early public. the prudenza tra i suoi cittadini avea introdotto il giil introdotto avea cittadini suoi i tra prudenza piene di odi intestini e di gravi rancori occulti: occulti: rancori gravi di e intestini odi di piene scherzo dar quattro sode pugna a' loro malevoli’ malevoli’ a' loro pugna sode quattro dar scherzo essendo possibile che non succeda qualche sborramen qualche succeda non che possibile essendo (Lanciano: R. Carabba, 1916), 55. 55. 1916), Carabba, R. (Lanciano: the politicians, there is still a sentiment of trut a sentiment still there is politicians, the in a spectacular in figures and political Florentinesocialites wherein brand carnival 1546 the during Amasquerade useful. and low middle mollify to the seasonadvantageously sometimes betterthat is stay it to how idle, know It ‘[s]ince responded, Cosimo Piano, del Accademia festi mocking over certain concerns Pagni’s Lorenzo a time the in out played and activities identities, power surge of popular lay temporary and the games Walls Ballson 35 34 elevati, da quelle risse che molto frequenti nascev frequenti molto che risse quelle da elevati, magistrati e per le molto frequenti repulse che i s i che repulse moltofrequenti le per e magistrati republich le percioché giuoco: inquel s'ascondesse senza dubbio alcuno ricevendo più spessi disgusti d disgusti spessi più ricevendo alcuno dubbio senza Author and satirist Traiano Boccalini (1556-1613) i (1556-1613) Boccalini Traiano and satirist Author violenceand oppressi for pent-up outlet controlled the wise Florentine politicians and courtiers allow and courtiers politicians Florentine wise the alleviate social stress through the violence of the violence the through stress social alleviate Niccolò Martelli, Martelli, Niccolò Boccalini, Traiano
Accepted Article were as importan seen festivities public Sanctioned
monde renevers. monde Dal primo e dal secondo libro delle lettere di Nicc di lettere delle libro secondo e dal primo Dal De' Ragguagli di Parnaso di Ragguagli De'
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 35 Initially Cosimo I treated the carnivalesque natu carnivalesque I Initiallythe treated Cosimo Renaissance Studies e che in una libertà, piena d'animi pregni di crude di pregni d'animi piena libertà, una in che e uoco del calcio, solo affine ch'eglino con la soddi la con ch'eglino affine solo calcio, del uoco (1612), Raggualio #43: ‘Ma i politici, glispiriti politici, i ‘Ma #43: Raggualio (1612), enatori hanno da quei carichi che desiderano, gliu desiderano, che carichi quei da hanno enatori ano tra i giovani fiorentini, argomentavano che gra che argomentavano fiorentini, giovani i tra ano e, più delle monarchie — per le continue concorrenz continue le per — monarchie delle più e, i quelli che si vede ne' popoli soggetti alla monar alla soggetti popoli ne' vede si che quelli i to, dicevano i politici che la republica fiorentina republica la che politici i dicevano to, h to his statement about games as an outlet for the as an outlet games about statement his to h
nd space of the game. In response to his secretary his to game.Inresponse space nd of the game. were mocked, and social classes were inverted inverted classes were and social weremocked, they occupy themselves in similar intrigues similar in themselves they occupy the Medici used public games and carnival and carnival games public used Medici the for the violence of the forviolence the on amongst the working classes of Florence. classesof amongst working the on n his his n vities undertaken by young the undertaken in by men vities he minds of the Florentine people do not not do people Florentine of the heminds ished the theme of universal madness, madness, of universal theme the ished er classes, even mocking themselves when themselves even mocking erclasses, as bounded- bounded by the rules, byrules, the bounded as bounded- 34 Although in his tract Boccalini mocks mocks tract Boccalini his Althoughin De' Ragguagli di di Parnaso Ragguagli De' t tools in managing the public, a public, managing in tools the t olò Martelli, Martelli, olò ed. Cartesio Marconcini, Marconcini, Cartesio ed. calcio calcio de' quali sono più più sono quali de' in order in to lissimi disgusti, non disgusti, lissimi sfazione di poter da da poter di sfazione ni dagli altri altri nidagli chia, — sono sono — chia, re of these reof jeered that n misterio misterio n con mirabil mirabil con e a' e
Page 14of38 Page 15of38 Bakhtin, ‘Carnival and Carnivalesque,’ in in Carnivalesque,’ and ‘Carnival Bakhtin, ff.479r-v. ff.479r-v. temporary benches and fences for for fences and temporary benches over, were ended, parades the joust the When elite. ca not would but populace, the for catharticoutlet The temporary necessary. and playwhen dissention, of Florenc goings the on of all andcloseknowledge rather than remainrestless.’ rather than Walls Ballson 37 36 European context see: David R. Smith (ed.), (ed.), Smith R. David see: context European 250-260. 1998), Education, Pearson (Harlow: Storey de’ Medici de’ Jacques Callot’s (1592-1635) etching of etching (1592-1635) Callot’s Jacques Vision (Burlington and Farnham: Ashgate, 2012) 2012) Ashgate, Farnham: and (Burlington Vision alternative world, one Bakhtin would later consider would one Bakhtin alternativeworld, a safety structure.merely More than its on itself pe festivals, organized central beyondthe extended Cosimo II portrays Piazza Santa Croce and gives us us gives and IICroce Santa Piazza Cosimo portrays Beyond the Spectacle Spectacle the Beyond commerce. had beenthat sp piazzas and streets the normal; to
of the composition. Callot details action both insi both action details Callot composition. of the Croce Santa of left Piazza the to on hill invented of the edges of the playing-field (Fig. 11). Callot (Fig. 11). playing-field the edgesof the of Mikhail Bakhtin, Bakhtin, Mikhail Mid-Cinquec in Paradoy and ‘Ritual Zanre, Domenico But precisely because the piazzas and streets wereand streets piazzas the But precisely because
ed. Konrad Eisenbickler, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001 Ashgate, (Aldershot: Eisenbickler, Konrad ed. Accepted Article Rabelais and His WorldHis and Rabelais
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 36 Cosimo I’s political strategy involved not only a only I’s not involved strategy political Cosimo calcio Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader, Seco Reader, A Culture: Popular and Theory Cultural (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1984) 1984) Press, University Indiana IN: (Bloomington, Parody and Festivity in Early Modern Art, Essays on Essays Art, Modern Early in Festivity and Parody Renaissance Studies were taken out of Piazza Santa Croce, life would r Croce, would life Santa of Piazza out taken were calcio For the social functions of carnival culture in a b ina culture carnival of functions social the For for his 1617 series of 1617 his for ento Florence,’ in in Florence,’ ento
valve releasing social tension, play offered an play offered tension, social releasing valve presents a bird’s-eye view of the view a presents bird’s-eye as a drummer dramatically occupies the center center the occupies asa dramatically drummer de and outside the arena; not only denot arena; the and outside use any real changes or problems for the ruling for ruling the or problems changes anyuse real orting fields would return to being spaces for beingfor to spaces return ortingwould fields when carnival turned to Lent, and the andthe Lent, to turned when carnival rvading the space of the city and imprinting city and imprinting of the space the rvading in his discussion of the carnivalesque.of the discussion his in e, but also a tolerance for mockery, for a tolerance also e, but a view not only of the the only aof not view ), 197. ASF, Mediceo del Principato, vol. 623, 623, vol. Principato, del ASF, Mediceo ), 197. inversions of societal norms would bea would norms of societal inversions not dedicated arenas for play, ludic for the dedicated arenas not The Cultural Politics of Duke Cosimo I I Cosimo Duke of Politics Cultural The capricci calcio calcio in Florence for in network of spies networkof spies and Mikhail and nd Edition Edition nd match, but also also but match, Comedy as Social as Comedy calcio calciatori calciatori roader roader from an from ed. John ed. 37 eturn
Jacques Callot Jacques patronage of the Medici. Their faces grotesque and and grotesque Their faces Medici. the patronageof Present Present cart selling hot food—nearly every imaginable kind kind imaginable every food—nearly hot cartselling roofs gamethe from the watch spectacle.Spectators (Fig even moredetail in edgesof playing-field the and the citythe and northern context, see: Angela Vanhaelen, Vanhaelen, Angela see: context, northern one detail, young men attempt to scale to the youngattempt men onedetail, them in an unfavorable light, which would be consis be would which light, an unfavorable in them wesee Here teeth. his using only it bite tryingto from up bestrung would apple an apple,wherein the Piazza Santa Croce, Santa Piazza Another youthsmotion. in running and dogs,carts, guardsand inside and drummers balls after chasing Walls Ballson often created images of the poor. See Dena M. Wooda M. Dena See poor. the of images created often 39 38 festival (Fig. 14). The Laurenzina manuscript descr manuscript Laurenzina (Fig. The festival 14). foolishly brandishing a toy horse (Fig. 13). Callot (Fig. 13). horse a toy brandishing foolishly the joust; afighting mock men imagines two Callot foreigner. somet activities, and their commoners the spacefor grandi city the alongside classesof the poorerthe t for and delight ofhumor awere source depictions Jacques Callot was official employed by the Medici the by employed wasofficial Callot Jacques Heuvel, vanden Danielle and Calaresu Melissa See: (London: Routledge, 2016) 2016) Routledge, (London: Callot’s print also shows the kind of youthof activit kind the shows also print Callot’s (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003) 2003) Ashgate, VT: (Burlington, 39
(Princeton, N.J.: Yale University Press, 2013 Press, University Yale N.J.: (Princeton, Accepted Article Battles of the War of Love, Festival of the Grand D Grand the of War Festival Love, of the Battlesof This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. Comic Print and Theatre in Early Modern Amsterdam: Amsterdam: Modern Early in Theatre and Print Comic Renaissance Studies palchi Grand Duchy and often portrayed official festivals official portrayed often and Duchy Grand ll and Diane Wolfthal Diane and ll
Food Hawkers: Selling in the Streets from Antiquity from Streets the in Selling Hawkers: Food
how public festivities themselves creatednew themselves festivities public how , temporary stages and bleachers erected for the the erectedfor and bleachers temporary stages , osity of the central festival, thereby making thereby making festival, ositycentral of the ’s caricatures of the ’scaricatures of . 12). A raucous crowd surrounds the central central the surrounds crowd Araucous 12). . ). ). he aristocratic viewer. Yet, Callot does show show does Callot Yet, hearistocratic viewer. ibes the the ibes hing he was perhaps able to do as a do to able was perhaps hinghe masked, their actions comical as the comical actions their masked, Callot etching of a public game held in in game held aetching public of Callot the arena, but also the spectators, horses, horses, spectators, the also but arena, the figures wear buckets over their heads, heads, their over figures buckets wear . Youths run around. There is fighting anda fighting is around.run There Youths . For the role of prints and the public sphere in sphere public the and prints of role the For of accessory to the spectacle. the to of accessory tent with the goals of the print under the print goals the of with the tent the rafters, and each boy would take turns turns boytake would andeach rafters, the ies accompanying the official event. Inevent. official the accompanying ies palcho , Princes and Paupers: The Art of of Art The Paupers: and Princes , as the place of the game of of the as place the
lower classes lower uke, presents those at the the at those presents 38 Gender, childhood childhood Gender,
In one detail often portray often . He also also He . to the the to Page 16of38 Page 17of38 print fight with stones; a masked figure leans over figure masked leans a stones; fight with print posso anevra, perche avevo p.ma à rispondere, à un’ à rispondere, à p.ma avevo perche anevra, posso botteghe, dove veggendomelo comparire addosso, entr addosso, comparire veggendomelo dove botteghe, Feast of St. John in Piazza Duomo. del in John Feastof St. th in festival, an official youthaccompanying play opportunities for playopportunities Walls Ballson 42 41 40 org an officially or in otherat bands, threwrocks was a popular game in Florence, both done in an in done Florence, both gamein wasa popular his in a stone arm youthwith his raises that while outside the realm of play. In another detail ofIn anotherdetail realm the of play. outside for future transgressive potential the they opened were this like games As of streets Florence. the in offi how to points bats, wielding and shops streets feast the friends on his account with of play This apicchata.’ apicchata.’ gentiluomini amici mia, venne il S Jacopo de Medici de Jacopo S il venne mia, amici gentiluomini Maria del Fiore, donde vedendo intricato nel arccia nel intricato vedendo donde Fiore, del Maria gentilhuomo, mi mossi verso lui, che di nuovo miri nuovo di che lui, verso mossi mi gentilhuomo, mentre se lo stringo, et caccio mano al pugniale, i pugniale, al mano caccio et stringo, lo se mentre salo sportello, dove sui mu arrivo addosso, et tiro et addosso, muarrivo sui dove sportello, salo gli il pugniale, et facendo forza di arrovesoiorolo di forza facendo et pugniale, gliil dovinano, che voi havesseà trattere in maniera di q di maniera in trattere havesseà voi che dovinano, gli risposi, questo non è proposito da tenersi nico tenersi da proposito è non questo glirisposi, 101r-v. fol 361, I, Series strozziane, Carte ASF, ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca Ibid .:’Martedi mattina, che fumo a 22 di giugnio, Trova giugnio, di 22 a fumo che mattina, .:’Martedi blows... bv wee arvd ad und yef oad the toward myself turned and arrived, I plante I where shops... above the of one in entered I ... where mysel save Fiore...to del Maria Santa of stairs the be to meant not this them, to reply I club, the use
Accepted Article22 the morning Tuesday 42
outside the arena. the outside This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. nd of June, I find myself in Piazza San Giovanni...I San Piazza in myself find I June, of Renaissance Studies 41 40 The story begins, The story begins, , sull’altra parte detto sportello vicino al muro.’ al vicino sportello detto parte sull’altra , , et gli detti uno mostraccione, et mi ritirai ins miritirai et mostraccione, uno glidetti et , mmi, dove me gli avventar, pigliandolo per se bracc se per pigliandolo avventar, gli me mmi,dove l che co me hebbirei sto, mi messi per salvarmi all salvarmi messiper mi sto, hebbirei me co che l A copy of a letter written in 1593 describes this this describes 1593 in a written letter Acopy of Copy. Copy. uel servizio, che se fosse altri, che voi. Io adope Io voi. che altri, fosse se che servizio, uel re mano al pugnale, mi mossi per i gli addosso, et et addosso, glii per mimossi pugnale, al mano re chiamava, et giuntovi dissi che ci è S. Medici, mi Medici, S. è ci che dissi giuntovi et chiamava, altro amico, che mi haveva chiamato, et sbrigttomi sbrigttomi et chiamato, mihaveva che amico, altro , et mi chiamo per nome amichevolmi. Et io gliripo io Et amichevolmi. nome mi et per , chiamo . 1500, fol. 35 v -36 r: ‘A pigliare co denti una m una denti co ‘Apigliare r: v-36 35 1500, fol. . ai in una chi quelle bodeghe chi cio se lo non, pia non, lo se cio chi bodeghe quelle chi una in ai Battles of the War Loveof the of Battles
ndomi in sula piazza di San Giovanni con tanti tanti con Giovanni San di piazza sula ndomiin anized fashion, such as during the 1549 carnival carnival 1549 the as during such fashion, anized ad hoc ad hand, poised to strike (Fig. 15). Stone fighting fighting (Fig. Stone 15). strike to poised hand, day of St. John the Baptist, running through running Baptist, the through John daySt. of play, and even transgressive acts that were were acts that andeven play,transgressive repeatedly enacted in the urban infrastructure, urbaninfrastructure, the in enacted repeatedly cial ceremonies and quotidian play intertwined playintertwined and quotidian cialceremonies aggressively, grasping another figure’s neck figure’s another grasping aggressively, is case during the ceremonies surrounding case ceremonies the is during way, such as when bands of youths of bands aswhen way, such f I moved to the street of shops, shops, of street the to moved I f only held...and I withdrew up up withdrew I held...and only d myself in the shop window window shop the in myself d wall ... to impede the the impede to ... wall , young men in Callot’s youngCallot’s in men , u la scale di Santa Santa di scale ula
rerei il bastone, Io Io bastone, il rerei a volta delle delle volta a ia, per impedi i impedi per ia, egli in questo inegliquesto ripose, Mi in Mi ripose, ela ela will will da quel quel da ntando mi in ntando si, non si, kind of kind Andrevuolo potenze, potenze, potenze potenze public celebrations; they carved up the city into m into city carvedthey the up celebrations; public
they laid claim to the public spaces -- from walls, from spaces -- public the to claim they laid in youth games evoked the election of the kings, em kings, of the election youthgamesthe evoked in winners of games, and doled out punishments to the to punishments out and doled games, of winners strong sense of belonging for their members, a belo members, their for of belonging strongsense par organized or ‘king’, ‘emperor’‘duke’ titled or of the game called the the gameof called the i that games describes manuscript games Laurenziana order to protect the new columns in the Mercato Nuo Mercato the in columns new the order protect to this kind of game,and Cantini’s kind this c I Gonzaga Duke Vincenzo and Medici ofEleanor de' Via on fight stone planned when the 1582 as in such another in of control out spiral could onecontext, organization in public space. The public in organization when a stone fight was planned for Via Larga.Via for planned was whenfight a stone Walls Ballson 45 44 43 kinds youth games to the activities of the activities youthgamesthe to kinds ‘Bando per contro delle frombe e scaglie del dì 25 25 dì del scaglie e frombe delle contro per ‘Bando Community, and Ritual in Renaissance Florence Renaissance in Ritual and Community, For a comprehensive look at the the at look comprehensive a For Cantini, Lorenzo r-v. 71 fol 361, I, Series strozziane, Carte ASF, Moreover, while youth play might seem politically i youthseem politically play might while Moreover, groups. These youth games primed youngfor men late youthgames primed These groups. modeling the kind of community organization and par organization of community kind the modeling
Acceptedga to singing related youthsin songs the led also Article Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata e raccolta toscana Legislazione Andrevuolo This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. potenze potenze Legislazione potenze potenze . The . in Florence, see David Rosenthal, Rosenthal, David see inFlorence, Renaissance Studies Andrevuolo (Turnhout: Brepols, 2015). 2015). Brepols, (Turnhout: potenze potenze
were festive brigades who operated during games and games during operated brigadeswho festive were Ottobre 1554.’ 1554.’ Ottobre notes an ordinance prohibiting stone throwing in in throwing stone notes prohibiting an ordinance 43
This kind of rock throwing, while sanctioned in in sanctioned while of rock throwing, kind This to bridges, to staircases, and piazzas. The piazzas. and bridges,staircases, to to , with violent and damaging repercussions, and damaging repercussions, violent with , speak to their potential bearing on later social social later on bearing potential their speakto ades, jousts, and ball games, and forged a and forged games, and ball ades, jousts, iniature kingdoms, electing leaders who they they who leaders electing kingdoms, iniature (1532-1775), 32 vols. (Florence, 1800-1805), 2:345 1800-1805), (Florence, vols. 32 (1532-1775), nging tied to the space of their streets. oftheir space the to ngingtied organized the game, led songs, chose the the songs, chose game,led the organized perors, and dukes that headed the various headed various the that dukes perors,and Larga to celebrate the wedding of Marriage Marriage weddingof Larga celebratethe to losers. The appointment of the appointment The losers. vo. nvolved the election of a ceremonial leader leader a ceremonial of election the nvolved aused. The government sought to regulate regulate sought to government aused.The 44
nsignificant, the similarity of these nsignificant,similarity the mes, such as the song transcribed songas the transcribed such mes, r participation in the the in r participation tisan identity afforded by the lay lay the by afforded identity tisan Kings of the Street: Power, Power, Street: the of Kings Andrevuolo potenze 45 The as :
Page 18of38 Page 19of38 players. play need not fret...’ playnot need This word appears several times in the Laurenziana Laurenziana inthe times several appears word This Florentine youths chanted their song: their ‘ youthschanted Florentine giovani presi per mano’ mano’ per presi giovani signification of the game.of the signification sounding of trumpets were fully integrated parts of integrated parts fully were of sounding trumpets ‘Song of the Game of Gameof ‘Songof the or the marker of the area ruled by the ruled bythe area of the marker or the of the marker survivingthe spac marked urban as officials just streetcorners, ur their physicallydemarcated also confraternities for the gamefor the Walls Ballson 50 49 48 47 46 discuss the meaning and history of the word the of history and meaning the discuss game, but also shouted and defined territories with defined territories and shouted also game, but so a only created not music games, public organized and Florentine Urban Life Urban Florentine and including the the including that the trumpets come first, followed by the tambo the by followed come first, trumpets the that carnascialeschi, carnascialeschi, Singers in Late Medieval and Early Modern Italy,’ i Italy,’ EarlyModern and Medieval Late in Singers Crea Piazza: the for Battle ‘The Rospocher, Massimo schorrubbiare...’ debba si non giuchare
Voices and Texts in Early Modern Italian SocietyItalian Modern Early in Texts and Voices For how sound controlled and organized space, see see space, organized and controlled how sound For Livrea la con Trombetti i ‘prima escono 14: Bardi, piaz inthe sound of uses intermittent on more For ca 732, Ashb. Manoscritto: Laurenziana, Biblioteca in ‘Scangèo’ Parenti, Alessandro Beyond a sonic marking of space, the young who men ofspace, the marking sonic Beyonda 49 For games in the sixteenth century, play, ritual, ritual, century, play, sixteenth gamesFor the in Lo schangieLo Accepted Articlepotenze
songs such as those by Anton Francesco Grazzini (in Grazzini Francesco Anton by as those such songs
47 , during public games. In both the quotidian games games quotidian the In games. both public during , The musical aspects of quotidian youthresem games aspects of quotidian The musical (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, University State Penn PA: (UniversityPark, Pome , which resembles a kind of akind resembles which , This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 50
Kingdom of the Red City potenza Redthe City of Kingdom ’) that were written to celebrate carnival and were celebratecarnival to written ’)were that Lingua Nostra, Lingua scangèo Duca della MelaDucadella Renaissance Studies Andrevuolo Andrevuolo (New York: Routledge, 2017). 2017). Routledge, (New York: v. 70, n. 1-2 (2009), 40-52. (2009), 1-2 n. 70, v. n Stefano Dall'Aglio, Brian Richardson, Massimo Ros Massimo Richardson, Brian Dall'Aglio, nStefano manuscript, in which it refers to a type of game. game. of type a to refers whichit in manuscript, za, see Thomas Cohen, ‘The Early Modern Italian Sho Italian Modern Early ‘The Cohen, Thomas see za, , dopo i Tamburini, et poi cominciono à venire gl’I venire à cominciono poi et i Tamburini, dopo , , specifically as it was used in Benedetto Varchi’s inBenedetto used was it as specifically , tive Antagonism between Itinerant Preachers and Str and Preachers Itinerant between Antagonism tive . 1500, fol. 7v: ‘Andrevuolo fa buon giuocho/ Et ch Et giuocho/ fabuon ‘Andrevuolo 7v: 1500, fol. . Niall Atkinson, Atkinson, Niall
e in relation to play. For example, we see still we see still example, Forplay. to relation in e ban territories through signs and tabernacles on on and tabernacles signs through banterritories in the piazza.the in the the make a good game/ And whoever wants to to wants whoever And game/ good makea urines, and then come the rest of the the come and then urines, nic realm announcing the special time of the special time the realm nic announcing girotondo , calcio calcio
located on Canto della Mela (Fig. 16-17). Mela(Fig. della Canto locatedon and music were interwoven in the the in were andmusic interwoven The Noisy Renaissance. Sound, Architecture, Architecture, Sound, Renaissance. Noisy The , located in Piazza Sant’Ambrogio Sant’Ambrogio Piazza located , in game, as Bardi notes in his rules his in notes game,asBardi would later join the later join would , or ring-around the-rosie type. or ring-around , 48 2016). 2016).
The parade of musicians and of musicians The parade The purpose of Parenti’s article is to to is article Parenti’s of purpose The cluding the aforementioned cludingaforementioned the of youths and the of ble the the ble sung by groups, by sung potenze canti canti
Ercolano. nnanzi piu piu nnanzi i ci vuol vuol ci i calcio eet eet pocher ed. ed. pocher ut’ and and ut’ and 46
Experiences of the Street in Early Modern Italy', S Italy', Modern Early in Street the of Experiences of authority, lingered in the collective memory of of memory collective the in ofauthority, lingered n of interaction, nodes new for connections people, urban the transform s gameto street ofability the to pay them to organize festivities for neigh their festivities payorganize to to them generally people, poor owners, and shop of artisans festivities and the festal, and as more than the qu the and as morethan festal, and the festivities of connection and self-fashioning in a public space a public in and self-fashioning of connection mo and community build to of festivity duringtimes quotidian worlds, evidenced byevidenced worlds, quotidian queste potenze non ce se non arti e ci e bottegai t bottegai e ci e arti non se ce non potenze queste 1992). 1992). Conclusion Conclusion agency held by the plebian plebian byagencythe held m permanent this that suggested has Rosenthal David Walls Ballson 54 53 52 51 scholarship, often due to a lack of evidence, such such evidence, alack of oftendue to scholarship, ofand life experien aspects ascertain to difficult thesem or idealized, categorized space. easily Not interwo and episodic, transient often ofwere games
with governing structures and institutions, see Mic see institutions, and structures governing with the Italian Renaissance Renaissance Italian the University of California Press, 1984). 1984). Press, California of University For more on winnowing in on performance and the quo the and performance on in winnowing on more For (ed). Coser Lewis and Halbwachs Maurice See individu tactics the on reflects Certeau de Michel ‘Powers’ The Corner: the ‘Owning Rosenthal, David The ludic -- as seen in the potential for play by y for by play potential the in -- Theas ludic seen
Accepted Article
16: 1/2 (Fall 2013): 181-196. Florence, ASF, Parte Parte ASF, Florence, 181-196. 2013): (Fall 1/2 16:
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. potenze
the head of the Bargello’s admission that the the that admission Bargello’s the head of the during moments of interpenetration of the festiveof the of interpenetration moments during Renaissance Studies utta gente povero sebenne abito in dette contrade c contrade indette abito sebenne povero gente utta On collective memory collective On pecial Issue as part of double issue of Stu of I Tatti issue double of part as Issue pecial hel de Certeau, Certeau, de hel als use in everyday life to negotiate and perform t perform and negotiate to life ineveryday use als of Florence and the Question of Agency,’ Agency,’ of Question the and Florence of
tidian experience of the street, see Fabrizio Nevol Fabrizio see street, the of experience tidian ce in urban space for groups marginalized by marginalized groups for urban space in ce otidian in the practice of everyday life. everyday practicethe in of otidian bourhood. pace into a realm with new rules, creating new creating rules, new with a realm into pace as poor.the the space. the oments of play provide a glimpse into the the into glimpse a of playoments provide . . ew possibilities for identity, and new sources for andnew identity, sources ew possibilities obliged even the wealthy living in their areas areas their in living wealthy even the obliged ven with other communities and other uses of and other uses othercommunities venwith dify their urban environment, offering points offering points environment, difyurban their arking of territory demonstrated the limited limited the demonstrated arking of territory The Practice of Everyday Life Everyday of Practice The ouths on the street -- functioned beyond beyond street --the on functioned ouths 51 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Press, Chicago of University (Chicago: 53 Thus the the Thus 54 The connections and communities and communities The connections 1478, fol. 292r (1610) f. 125: ‘[E]t in ‘[E]t f.125: 292r (1610) fol. 1478, Marvin Trachtenberg Trachtenberg Marvin potenze potenze used their agency agency their used (Berkeley, CA: (Berkeley, I Tatti Studies in in Studies Tatti I dies in the Italian Italian the in dies ittadini’ ittadini’ heir identity identity heir , comprised comprised , and 52 a,
The
Page 20of38 Page 21of38 play defies its presumed boundedness by allowing th allowing by boundedness presumed playits defies Ludica Renaissance New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997). 1997). Press, University Cambridge NewYork: becoming part of the memory, use, and meaning ofth andmeaning use, memory, of the becoming part potential of a youth ball game enacted repeatedly i youth repeatedly game enacted ball of a potential prescribed moment of festivity, but also the space space the also festivity, but of prescribedmoment ‘Ei non distingueva i giuochi patrizi da i plebei».i da patrizi giuochi i distingueva non ‘Ei medieval Florence. medieval re in memory collective of potency the demonstrated Walls Ballson 55 merely heterotopias, rather, they carved themselves carved they rather, merelyheterotopias, In sixt necessary. being byspace the youthin play ga ball forbidding plaques The Maria Santa Novella. space: the insignias of the of the space:insignias the for playful the potential present The ever remains. gamedis has of the energy kinetic the street.When calcio o not within agency and presence asserted men their f and bricks, sticks walls, on balls Florence.With ve of their defiance populace’s the associatedwith Marvin Trachtenberg, Trachtenberg, Marvin 2 (1996), 45-60. 45-60. (1996), 2 into a personal symbol of their rule over Florence rule of overtheir a personalsymbol into
, 16:1/2 (Fall 2013). For the focus on aristocratic focustheon For 2013). (Fall 16:1/2 , Accepted Article
55 Dominion of the eye: Urbanism, art, and power in Ea in power art, and Urbanism, eye: the of Dominion Games too contributed to this collective memory; T memory; collective this to contributed too Games This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. potenze , the marble marble the , Renaissance Studies Note sul gioco aristocratico e cortese tra tra Quattro cortese e aristocratico gioco sul Note calcio
eet on the streets, and throngs in song, young song, in and throngs streets, eetthe on is evidenced in the permanent signs in urban urban signs in evidenced permanent the is in eenth-century Florence, games were not not were games Florence, eenth-century of the city and in the practice of everyday life. life. of everyday practice the andin cityof the ry presence in the city during the Siege of of Siege the during city the ryin presence n the urban infrastructure, a game a infamously urban the infrastructure, n games over games by the poor, see: Guido Guerzoni, Guido see: poor, the by games over games sipated, the potential energy for play still for still play energy potential the sipated, physically into the urban infrastructure, infrastructure, urban the physicallyinto nly the space of the game or within a gameor within ofnly the space the mes themselves concede the possibility of of possibility the concede themselves mes marker in Santa Croce, and the obelisks in in obelisks and the Croce, marker Santa in lation to monuments and spaces in late and spaceslate in monuments to lation ere to be a change in the social order on the the on order social the in change ere bea to e space. The Medici program to transform transform programto The Medici espace. responds to the problematic political political problematic the to responds rly Modern Florence Modern rly he ephemeral nature of nature of ephemeral he e Cinquecento,’ e (Cambridge and and (Cambridge
AcceptedRaffaelloFig.1 Gualterotti, Gioco del 158 Calcio, Article
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. 423x341mm(300 300DPI) x Renaissance Studies 9, oil on canvas, Sarasota, Florida, canvas, oilSarasota, Ringling9, Museu on
m of Art Art of m
Page 22of38 Page 23of38
Accepted Stradano, GiovanniNovFig. 2 CalcioMaria in Santa Article
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elladi Gualdrada, 1561-1562, inSala the fresco,
Fig. 3 Detail from Stefano Buonsignori,DetailFig.3 fromStefano pulche Nova delineata, 1584, etching,Florence;delineata, 1584, later reprinted
AcceptedDeci (HarvardCollege the through accessed Library, Article
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rrimae civitatis Florentiae topographia accuratissicivitatis Florentiaerrimae topographia
ma ma Project,http://decima-map.net/)
me e Page 24of38 Page 25of38
Accepted Article
Fig. 4 Piazza Santa Novella, Santa Maria Piazza Fig.4 Florence, Italy
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(Art Resource) (Art
Fig. 5 Giovanni de'diGiovanniFig. 5 conte Bardi Discorso Vernio,
Acceptedetching,Florence 1580, Alterato, University, (Yale Article
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Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript & Beinecke Rare Book Library)
ademico Page 26of38 Page 27of38
AcceptedGame Bonfiresin of Stradano, Giovanni Fig. Piazz 6 Article
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, ,
AcceptedDante prohibitingVia Plaque Fig.7 on Alighi games Article
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eri, Florence, Italy (Photo credit: (Photo Florence, Italy eri,author)
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Accepteddei prohibitingVia Magazzin Plaque Fig. 8 on games Article
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i, Florence, Italy (Photo credit: i,(Photo Florence, Italy author)
Fig. 9 MarbleFig.9 mid- markerof
Accepted Article
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Figure 10: Bartolomeo Ammannati, Obelisks forchari Figure10:Ammannati, Bartolomeo
Accepted Article
This article isprotected by copyright. All rights reserved. Florence, Italy (Art Resource) (Art Florence,Italy 256x192mm(300 300DPI) x Renaissance Studies ot race ot Mariaerected Nove Santa in in 1608, Piazza
lla,
Accepted Callot, Storico Fig.11Jacques Calcio the Viewof Article
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inetto Page 32of38 Page 33of38
AcceptedWar Joust and inCallot, Pi Love Fig.12 Jacques of Article
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Accepted Article of Joust a Callot, Fig.13DetailLove fromJacques
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ce, ce, Page 34of38 Page 35of38
Accepted of Joust a Callot, Fig.14DetailLove fromJacques Article
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ce, ce,
Accepted of Joust a Callot, Fig.15DetailLove fromJacques Article
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ce, ce, Page 36of38 Page 37of38
Accepted Fig.Sant’ 16Potenze marker in Piazza Ambrogio,Fl Article
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orence, Italy (Photo credit: (Photo orence,Italy author)
Accepteddella the Fig.17Potenzein marker on Mela F Canto Article
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