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An Interdisciplinary Approach to Food and Nutritional Security

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An Interdisciplinary Approach to Food and Nutritional Security Health enhancing traditional foods in Brazil: an interdisciplinary approach to food and nutritional security Thesis presented in fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.) Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Hohenheim Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition Chair of Nutritional Biochemistry Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Lutz Graeve Presented by Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2012 Health enhancing traditional foods in Brazil: an interdisciplinary approach to food and nutritional security Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät Naturwissenschaften Universität Hohenheim Institut für Biologische Chemie und Ernährungswissenschaft Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Ernährung Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Lutz Graeve vorgelegt von Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco aus Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2012 Dean of Faculty: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Heinz Breer 1. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Lutz Graeve 2. Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. med. Hans Konrad Biesalski 3. Examiner: Prof. Dr. Anne Camilla Bellows (Ph.D.) Date of oral examination: November 5th, 2012. “Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world”. Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) I dedicate this work To the love of my life, My husband Marcus and My dad Pedro Abadio (in memorium). Acknowledgments To Prof. Lutz Graeve for his friendly and competent supervision, for the great opportunity to develop my own ideas during my PhD project which, surely enhanced and boosted my professional skills. For always supporting me on all initiatives, ideas, experiments etc. and for his ever open mind and ears. Also for the pleasant lab meetings, the great talks, and for the great humanistic and exemplary conducting of the academic work and “Arbeitsgruppe”, I extend my gratitude. To Prof. Biesalski for accepting to be my second supervisor and for keeping the Institute of Biological Chemistry at University of Hohenheim’s doors permanently open to foreign talents. To Prof. Anne Bellows for being my third examiner, for the support during grant applications. To Eiselen Foundation, Ulm; International Foundation for the Promotion of Nutrition Research and Nutrition Education (Internationale Stiftung für Ernährungsforschung und Ernährungsaufklärung) Switzerland. and to the Landesgraduiertenförderungsgesetz (LGFG) for the financial support. To the Institute of Plant Foodstuff Technology (150d) on the persons of Prof. Dr. Carle and Dr. Kammerer for the valuable and professional assistance with the chromatographic analysis. To the Institute of Nutritional medicine (180) for the access to the FACS facilities. To the students Larissa Borges, Juliane Guimarães, Sabrina Böser, Wen-Hsin Tseng, Anne Volkert, Lorraine Kloss for their participation and contribution to this work. To Dagmar Mvondo, Monika Schumacher and Suzana Cvek for their technical assistance. To all staff from Institute 140 and all working groups, which were very supportive and open during my project performance and stay at Hohenheim. To Instituto Sócio Ambiental Missão Verde, on the persons of Mr. William and Mr. Deusimar for the help with the field study. To the two rural communities and all participants of the field study, for opening their houses and lives to science and to share the amazing rural world with me. To all friends I met in German, for the moments of happiness and sadness, for the conversations and for introducing me to the German culture. And to my friends in Brazil, for the virtual laughs and supportive talks, keeping my Brazilian soul warm and alive. To my family in Brazil, for the love and support. And last, but not least, to my husband Marcus, for his everlasting love and for his support during the entire time we spent in Germany. Preliminary remarks: Origin and Development of the work: The current work is the result of the original research project entitled: Community Based Nutrition Strategies: Assessing Savannah fruits as a health promotion strategy in Tocantins, Brazil. The project was authored and coordinated by Fernanda Abadio Finco under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Graeve as first Brazilian-German cooperation initiative between the Food and Nutrition Security lab of the Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil and the Institute of Biological chemistry and Nutrition of the University of Hohenheim, Germany. The idea was conceived based on the preliminary experience of the Mrs. Abadio Finco in Food and Nutrition Security topics in Brazil, especially in the Tocantins State, which belongs to the Legal Amazon Area. The previous activity in the food and nutritional security discussions combined with the holistic profile of the author lead the research to an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the first part of the work comprises fieldwork with rural communities in Tocantins State and was financially supported by Eiselen Foundation, Ulm, Germany. The second part covered the biofunctional properties of the Brazilian fruit bacaba (Oenocarpus Bacaba) and had the financial support of the International Foundation for the Promotion of Nutrition Research and Nutrition Education (Internationale Stiftung für Ernährungsforschung und Ernährungsaufklärung) Switzerland. i The present work has in part been published or presented as follows: Accepted full papers: 1. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Böser, S.; Graeve, L. Antiproliferative activity of bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) phenolic extracts: a comparison of assays. Nutrition & Food Science, v. 43 n.2 2. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Kammerer, D. R.; Carle, R.; Tseng, W-H.; Böser, S.; Graeve, L. Antioxidant activity and characterization of phenolic compounds from bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) fruit by HPLC-DAD-MSn. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 2012, 60 (31), pp 7665–7673. DOI: 10.1021/jf3007689 Submitted full papers: 3. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Tseng, W-H.; Böser, S.; Kammerer, D. R.; Carle, R.; Graeve, L.Determination of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of extracts from Genipa americana L. (“Jenipapo”) fruit. Invited talks: 4. Abadio Finco, F.D.B. Health Enhancing Local Foods: an interdisciplinary approach to Gender and Nutritional Security. Summer 2009 Speaker series: New Perspectives in Food and Gender. Kompetenzzentrum Gender und Ernährung, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, July, 1st 2009. 5. Abadio Finco, F.D.B. Chemopreventive effect of bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) on MCF-7 cells. 9th SLACA Simpósio Latino Americano de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Latin American Symposium of Food Science and Technology) November 5th to 8 th, 2011 Campinas, Brazil). ii Poster presentations: 6. Abadio Finco, F.D.B. Chemopreventive effect of bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) on MCF-7 cells. 9th SLACA Simpósio Latino Americano de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Latin American Symposium of Food Science and Technology) November 5th to 8 th, 2011 Campinas, Brazil). 7. Kloss, L. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Graeve, L. The apoptotic effect of bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) phenolic extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Scientific Student Conference 2010, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 20-21 October, 2011. 8. Volkert, A. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Graeve, L. The effect of bacaba phenolic extract (Oenocarpus bacaba) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Scientific Student Conference 2010,Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 20-21 October, 2011. 9. Böser, S.; Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Graeve, L. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and Jenipapo (Genipa americana) on HepG2 Cancer Cell Line. ELLS Scientific Student Conference 2010, November, 11-12, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Graeve, L. Apoptotic effect of the Brazilian berry Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Martius) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. SFRR Europe: Society for Free Radical Research Meeting. September 12 - 15, 2010, Oslo, Norway. 11. Abadio Finco, F.D.B.; Graeve, L. Apoptotic effect of the Brazilian berry Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Martius) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Metabolomics 2010 27th June to 1st July Amsterdam, The Netherlands iii Collaborators: During the project evolution a work team of students and researchers contributed to its development and therefore are co-authors in the respective publications. Sabrina Böser (2010); Wen-Hsin-Tseng (2011); Loreen Kloss (2011) and Anne Volkert (2011) were involved and developed their respective bachelor or master theses under my co-supervision in the Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition at the University of Hohenheim. Therefore, their contributions also take part in this doctoral thesis. Dr. Kammerer and Prof. Carle (Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University) contributed valuably to the extraction optimization and chromatography analysis and Dr. Marcus Finco (Food and Nutritional Security Lab, Federal University of Tocantins) collaborated on the interpretations of the regression analysis and socioeconomic data. iv Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Brazilian Amazon Rainforest ....................................................................... 2 1.2. The Brazilian nutritional situation ....................................................................... 7 1.3. The Brazilian public policies towards food and nutrition security.......................10
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