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General Knowledge ABBREVIATIONS A A.A.F. Auxiliary Air Force A.A.S.U. All Asom Students Union A.C.D. Asian Co-operation Dialogue A.D.B. Asian Development Bank A.E.C. Atomic Energy Commission A.F.P.R.O. Action for Food Production A.I.C.C. All Congress Committee A.I.D.W.A. All India Democratic Women’s Association A.I.D.S. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome A.I.H.B. All India Handicrafts Board A.I.R. Annual Information Report A.J.T. Advanced Jet Trainer A.P.E.C. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation A.R.F. ASEAN Regional Forum A.S.E.A.N. Association of South-East Asian Nations A.S.L.V. Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle A.U. African Union A.V.E.S. Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome A.W.A.N. Army Wide Area Network A.Y.U.S.H. Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy B B.A.R.C. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre B.C.C.I. Board of Control of in India/Bank of Credit and Commerce International B.C.G. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti-T.B. vaccine) B.C.T.T. Bank Cash Transaction Tax B.O.A.C. British Overseas Airways Corporation B.P.O. Business Process Outsourcing BREAD Basic Research Education And Development (SOCIENTY) B.S.N.L. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. B.V.R.A.A.M. Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile C C.A. Chartered Accountant C.A.C. Capital Account Convertibility 4 | G.K.

C.A.C.C.I. Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chambers of Com- merce and Industry C.A.C.P. Commission for Agriculture Costs and Prices C.B.M. Confidence Building Measures C.C.I. Cricket Club of India, Consumer Confidence Index C.D.M.A. Code Division Multiple Access C.F.S.I. Children’s Film Society of India C.G.I.A.R. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research C.H.O.G.M. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting C.I.A. Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.A.) C.I.C. Chief Information Commissioner CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species C.M.P. Common Minimum Programme C.N.G. Compressed Natural Gas C.O.F.E.P.O.S.A. Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act C.F.C. Common Fund for Commodities C.P.I. Corruption Perception Index C.R.I.S.I.L. Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd. CRY Child Rights and You C.S.I.R. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research C.S.C.A.P. Council for Security Co-operation in Asia Pacific D D.A. Dearness Allowances D.A.E. Department of Atomic Energy D.A.S.A. Direct Admission of Students Abroad D.D.T. Dichloro-diphenyl Trichloro-ethane D.M.R.C. Metro Rail Corporation D.Litt. Doctor of Literature D.O.T.S. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course D.R.D.O. Defence Research and Development Organisation E E.A.S. East Asia Summit E.C.G.C. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation e.g. exempli gratia (For Example) E.P.F.O. Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation G.K. | 5

E.S.C.A.P. Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (This is the new name of ECAFE) E.V.M. Electronic Voting Machine F F.A.O. Food and Agriculture Organisation F.D.I. Foreign Direct Investment FEMA Foreign Exchange of India Management Act F.I.C.A. Federation of International Cricketers Association F.I.U.I. Finance Intelligence Unit of India G G.A.T.T. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade G.D.P. Gross Domestic Product Ge.S.C.I. Global e-School and Communities Initiative G.N.H. Gross National Happiness G.P.R.S. General Packet Radio Service G.S.O. Geo-Stationary Orbit H H.E.I.C. Honourable East India Company H.M.T. Hindustan Machine Tools H.U.D.C.O. Housing and Urban Development Corporation I I.A.A.I. International Airport Authority of India I.A.A.F. International Amateur Athletic Federation I.B.A.C. International Business Advisory Council I.B.S.A. India, Brazil, South . I.C.R.C. International Committee of the Red Cross I.C.R.I.E.R. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations I.D.B.I. Industrial Development Bank of India I.G.C.A.R. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research I.F.W.J. Indian Federation of Working Journalists I.G.M.D.P. Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme I.G.N.C.A. Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts INSDOC Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre I.N.T.U.C. Indian National Trade Union Congress I.C.A.R. Indian Council of Agricultural Research I.D.A. International Development Association 6 | G.K.

I.L.O. International Labour Organisation I.M.F. International Monetary Fund I.N.A. Indian National Army I.N.M.A.S. Institute of Nuclear Medicines and Allied Sciences I.N.S. Indian News Paper Society, Indian Naval Ship I.P.O. Initial Public Offer I.R.N.S.S. The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System I.S.B. Indian School of Business I.S.I. Inter Services Intelligence () I.S.T. Indian Standards Time I.S.R.O. Indian Space Research Organisation I.T.P.O. Indian Trade Promotion Organisation I.U.C.N. International Union for Conservation of Nature L LL.B. Bachelor of Laws L.P.G. Liquefied Petroleum Gas M M.B.B.S. Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery M.C.C. Marylebone Cricket Club M.D.M.K. Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. MESSENGER Mercury Surface, Space, Environment, Geo-chemistry and Ranging (Mission) M.F.A.L.A. Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency M.N.N.A. Major Non-Nato Ally M.T.A. Multirole Transport Aircraft N N.A.C.O. National Aids Control Organisation N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation N.C.A. National Cricket Academy N.C.A. Nuclear Command Authority N.C.A.O.R. National Centre for Antarctica and Ocean Research N.C.S.C. National Commission for Scheduled Castes N.D.A. National Democratic Alliance N.D.C. National Development Council N.D.I.C. Natural Disaster Information System G.K. | 7

N.D.M.A. National Disaster Management Authority N.E.A. National Environment Authority N.F.F.W.P. National Food for Work Programme N.I.A.S. National Institute of Advanced Studies N.K.C. National Knowledge Commission N.L.L.M. National Legal Literacy Mission N.R.E.G.S. National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme N.R.H.M. National Rural Health Mission N.S.G. National Security Guards; Nuclear Suppliers’ Group O O.I.G.S. On Indian Government Service OIL Oil India Limited O.N.G.C. Oil and Natural Gas Commission O.P.E.C. Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries P P.A.C. Public Accounts Committee, Provincial Armed Con- stabulary, Professional Aptitude Council, Parliamentary Affairs Committee P.F.R.D.A. Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority P.H.D.C.C.I. Progress, Harmony and Development Chambers of Commerce and Industry P.I.N. Personal Identity Number PIN Code Postal Index Number Code P.M.E.G.P. Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act P.P.I. Professionals’ Party of India P.U.R.A. Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas P.W.G. Peoples War Group R R.A.F. Rapid Action Force R.E.C. Rural Electrification Corporation R.G.I.P.T. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology R.T.R.A. Rail Tariff Regulatory Authority S S.A.F.M.A. South Asia Free Media Association S.A.S.E. Self Addressed Stamped Envelop 8 | G.K.

S.A.R.S. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome S.A.H.R. South Asian Human Rights Forum S.A.S.S. Sri Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti S.C.O. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation S.E.Z. Special Economic Zone S.F.C. Strategic Forces Command S.G.R.Y. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana S.I.M. Subscriber Identification Module S.M.S. Short Message Service; Subscriber Management System. S.P.A. Seven Party Alliance S.P.I.C. Special Photo Identity Card S.S.A. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan T TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company T.E.R.L.S. Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station T.R.I.B. Temple Records Index Bureau U U.A.P.A. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. U.G.C. University Grants Commission U.N.E.S.C.O. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation U.N.D.F. United Nations Democracy Fund U.N.E.P. United Nations Environment Programme U.N.F.P.A. United Nations Fund for Population Activities U.N.I.C.E.F. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund U.N.I.D.O. United Nations Industrial Development Organi-sation U.N.I.F.I.L. United Nations Interim Force in U.N.M.O.V.I.C. United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Ins- pection Commission U.N.P.A. United National Progressive Alliance U.P.A. United Progressive Alliance V V.A.A. Virgin Atlantic Airlines V.A.T. Value Added Tax VISTA Volunteers in Service to America V.P.P. Value Payable Post G.K. | 9

V.R.S. Voluntary Retirement Scheme V.S.S.C. Space Centre W.A.D.A. World Anti-Doping Agency W.A.P. Wheel and Axle Plant W W.B.E.R. World Bank Economic Review W.C.A.R. World Conference Against Racism W.C.C.B. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau W.C.L. Western Coalfields Limited W.E.F. World Environment Forum W.F.D.B. World Federation of Diamond Bourses W.H.O. World Health Organisation WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation W.L.L. Wireless in a Local Loop W.M.D. Weapons of Mass Destruction W.T.O. World Tourism Organisation; World Trade Organi- sation W.W.F. World Wildlife Fund; War Wounded Foundation W.W.W. World Wide Web Y Y.M.C.A. Young Men’s Christian Association Y.W.C.A. Young Women’s Christian Association Z Z.S. Zoological Society Z.C.C. Zonal Cultural Centres 10 | G.K.

SPORTS CUPS AND TROPHIES (INDIA AND WORLD) Agha Khan Cup — Hockey Barna Bellack Cup — Table Tennis (Men) Davis Cup — Lawn Tennis (International) — Football (India) — Cricket (India) Ezra Cup — I.F.A. Shield — Football Jules Rimet Trophy — Football (World) Lady Trophy — Hockey (Women, India) — Cricket (India) Rangaswami Cup — National Hockey Championship India Rohinton Baria Trophy — Cricket (Inter-university) — Football Rene Frank Cup — Hockey (India) Swaythling Cup — World Table Tennis (Men) — National Football (India) Thomas Cup — World (Men) Walker Cup — Golf Wightman Cup — Lawn Tennis () Wimbledon Trophy — Lawn Tennis (England) 20th Commonwealth Games The officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games, Glasgow 2014 were organised in Glasgow, from July 23 to August 03, 2014 success- fully. The International mega-sports event was launched by Queen Elizabeth II on July 23, 2014 at Celtic Park, Glasgow. The final part of the Queen’s Baton Relay was run by 32 Scottish volunteers and then was passed to Sir Chris Hoy who delivered it to the Queen at the glittering opening ceremony. G.K. | 11

The Games were participated by 4950 athletes from 71 countries and territories in 18 sports over 11 days for 261 golds. India’s star shooter and silver medallist at Olympics Vijay Kumar was the flag-bearer of the Indian team in the opening ceremony. India sent about 224 players to take part in the games. XX Commonwealth Games Medal Table : Top Ten Countries Sr. No. Country Gold Silver Bronze Total 1. England 58 59 57 174 2. 49 42 46 137 3. 32 16 34 82 4. Scotland 19 15 19 53 5. India 15 30 19 64 6. New Zealand 14 14 17 45 7. 13 10 17 40 8. Nigeria 11 11 14 36 9. Kenya 10 10 5 25 10. Jamaica 10 4 8 22 17th Asiad The 17th Asian Games, the biggest multi-sport event of the Asian continent came to a pleasant end at the South Korean coastal city Incheon on October 4, 2014 with a dazzling closing ceremony after a fortnight of high-voltage sport action. Olympic Council of Asia President Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah officially announced the end of the 2014 Asian Games, better known as Asiad at the Incheon Asiad Main Stadium. ‘One Asia’ was the main theme of the Asiad at Incheon. China topped the medal tally at the 17th Asiad at Incheon by claiming 342 medals including 151 golds and 108 silver Host country claimed second spot on the medal table with 234 medals. South Korea claimed 79 golds, 71 silvers and 84 bronze medals on the Asiad. Japan secured third position with total 200 medals. MEDALS TALLY Rank Country G S B T 1 China 151 108 83 342 2 S. Korea 79 71 84 234 3 Japan 47 76 77 200 4 Kazakhstan 28 23 33 84 5 21 18 16 57 6 12 7 28 47 7 N. Korea 11 11 14 36 8 India 11 10 36 57 9 Taipei 10 18 23 51 10 10 – 4 14 12 | G.K.

Olympic Games The history of Olympic Games is about twenty eight hundred years old. First of all these games were held by the Greeks in 776 B.C. on Mount Olympus in honour of the Greek god, Zeus. These games continued to be held every four years until 394 A.D. when they were stopped by a royal order of the emperor of Rome. These games were revived in 1894 by the efforts of a French Baron Pierre de Coubertin and the First Olympic meet in the modern series was held in 1896 in Athens, the capital of Greece. The 21st Olympic Games were held in 1976 at Montreal (Canada), the 22nd Olympic Games were held in 1980 in Moscow (USSR), the 23rd Olympic Games were held at Los Angeles (U.S.A.), in 1984 and the 24th Olympics were held from Sept. 17 to Oct. 2, 1988 at . The Mascot of the 24th Olympics was ‘Hodori’. The 25th Olympic Games were held at Barcelona (Spain) in 1992 and 26th Olympic games were held from July 19 to Aug. 4, 1996 at Atlanta (U.S.A). The Mascot of 25th Olympic games was Cobi. The Mascot of 26th Olympics was Iszi Atlanta ’96. 27th Olympic Games were held in Sydney (Australia) in 2000 from Sept. 15 to Oct. 1. The Mascot of the 27th Olympics was a trio of Syd, Millie and Olly. At this first Olympiad of the new millennium, the largest number of medals were bagged by the U.S.A. followed by Russia. China was placed third. India bagged only one bronze medal. The twenty eighth Olympics were held at Athens (Greece) from August 13 to August 29, 2004. The Mascot of the 28th Olympics was a duo of Athena’ and Phevos. The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing (China) from August 8 to August 24, 2008. The 30th Olympic Games were held in London from July 12, 2012. 30th Olympic Games The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also more generally known as London 2012, was a major international multi-sport event, celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games, as governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), that took place in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. As per Medal Tally, USA clinched the largest number of gold medals (46) followed by China (38) and Britain (29). Around 10,500 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) took part, surpassing the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester as the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the United Kingdom. This was India’s most successful Olympics based on the medal standings, winning a total of 6 medals (2 silver and 4 bronze), and doubling the nation’s overall record in Beijing. Two medals were awarded to the athletes in shooting and wrestling. India also set a historical milestone for the female athletes who won two Olympic medals. Badminton player and world junior champion G.K. | 13 became the first Indian athlete to win an Olympic bronze medal in the women’s singles. Boxer , on the other hand, lost to Great Britain’s Nicola Adams in the semi-final match, but settled for the bronze in the first ever women’s flyweight event. India’s won Bronze medal in Shooting. While Vijay Kumar and clinched Silver Medals in Shooting and Wrestling respectively. A new star bagged Bronze Medal in Wrestling. Important Sport Results FOOTBALL FIFA Club World Cup December 2014—Real Madrid beat San Lorenzo. (12 Aug., 2014, Carditt)—Real Madrid. FIFA Under-20 World Cup 2013 ()—France defeated Urugvay (Match won by Penalty shootout). Under-20 World Cup Women’s Football (August 2012, Japan)— beats . Durand Cup 2014—Salgaocar defeated . Olympic Champion (July-August 2012, London)—Men : Maxico beats Brazil; Women : U.S.A. beats Japan. Asian Cup Football 2015 (Jan. 2015, Australia)—Australia defeated South Korea. Santosh Trophy Football Championship 2014—Mizoram beat Railways. FIFA World Cup Football 2014 (June/July 2014, Brazil)—Germany defeated in the final. FIFA Women’s World Cup Football 2011 (July 2011, Germany)— Japan defeated USA in the final. Football (Jan. 2014, )—Churchill Brothers defeated Sporting . UEFA Super Cup (Aug. 2014)—Real Madrid beats Sevilla. English Premier League (May 2014)—Manchester City defeated West Ham United. International Championship Cup (Aug., 2014)—Manchester United. London (Dec. 2014)—. World Junior Under-20 Chess Championship (Oct. 2014, Pune)— Men’s : Lu Shanglei; Women’s : Aleksandra Goryachkina. Parsvanath Commonwealth Chess Championship-2014 (Jan. 2014, )— (India) won by Championship. World Cup Chess 2014 (Nov. 2014, Russia)— defeated Viswanathan Anand. Capablanca Memorial Elite Tournament 2014 (May 2014)— Wesleyso. World Women Chess Title (Nov. 2013)— (China). National Challengers Chess Title (2014)—Vidit Gujrati. Bilbao Chess Master (Sep. 2014)—Viswanathan Anand. 14 | G.K.

GOLF Hero Women’s Indian Golf Championship Caroline Hedwall Chevron World Challenge Title (Dec. 2014, New Delhi)—Gwladys Nocera. Australian Ladies Masters (Feb. 2014, Melbourne)—Cheyenne Woods. U.S. Open Golf Championship 2014 (June 2014, Pinehurst)— Martin Kaymer. US Masters Golf Tournament (April 2014)—Bubba Watson. Memorial Tournament (2014)—Phenom. BMW PGA Championship 2014—Rory Mcllroy. US PGA Barclays Title (Aug. 2014)—Hunter Mahan (USA). CRICKET Border-Gavaskar Trophy (2012-13)—India beat Australia. Men’s Asia Cup Cricket Tournament 2014)— beat Pakistan. ICC World Cup Cricket 2011 (April 2011, India)—India defeated Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final. 7th IPL Cricket Tournament (May 2014)— Knight Riders defeated Kings XI Punjab. Irani Trophy (Feb. 2014)—Karnataka defeated Rest of India. ICC Twenty-20 Women’s World Cup (2014, )— Australia defeated England. ICC Twenty-20 World Cup (2014, Bangladesh)—Sri Lanka defeated India. Duleep Trophy (Nov. 2014, Delhi)—Central Zone. Trophy (2014-15)—Karnataka defeated Punjab. Ranji Trophy (Jan. 2014, )—Karnataka beat . Champions League Twenty-20 (Oct. 2014)— Super Kings defeated KKR in the final. TENNIS

Australian Open Women’s Singles 2015—Serena Williams (USA). Australia Open Men’s Single (2015)—Novak Djokovic (Servia). Barcelona Open Title Tennis Tournament (April 2014, Barcelona)—Kei Nishi Kau beat Santiago Giraldo. Dubai Open Tennis Championship (March 2014, Dubai)—Men’s Single : Novak Djokovic; Women’s Single : Venus Williams. (June 2014, )—Men’s Singles : Rafael Nadal (Spain); Women’s Singles : Maria Sharapova (Russia). G.K. | 15

Wimbledon Tennis (July 2014)—Men’s Singles : Novak Djokovic (Serbia); Women’s Singles : Petra Kvitova (Czech Republic). U.S. Open (Sept. 2014, USA)—Men’s Singles : Marin Cilic (Croatia); Women’s Singles : Serena Williams (USA). Davis Cup 2013 (Nov. 2014, Belgrade)—Czech Republic defeated Serbia in final. Rome Masters Tennis Tournament (2014)—Novak Diokovic defeated Rafael Nadal. Atlanta Tennis Championship (2014, Atlanta)—Men’s Single : John Isner. Fed Cup (November 2014)—Czech Republic. Chennai Open (January 2014)—Stanislas Wawrinka () beat Edouard Roger Vasselin (France). Hopman Cup (2014)—France. Connecticut Open (Aug. 2014)—Petra Kvitova. Washington Open (Aug. 2014)—Svetlana Kuznetsova. HOCKEY Hero Hockey World (League, 2014)—Netherlands wins. Tournament (April 2012, )—Share- Punjab defeated Pune Strykers. Asia Cup Girl’s Under-18 Hockey Championship (Sept. 2011, Bangkok)—Japan defeated China in the final. Women’s World Cup (June 2014, The Hague)—Netherlands defeated Australia. World Cup Men’s Hockey (June 2014, The Hague)—Australia defeated Netherlands. Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament (March 2014, Ipoh, )—Australia defeated Malaysia in the final. BADMINTON Open 2014—Men’s Singles : Simon Santoso, Women’s Singles : Wang Yihan. Open Super Series 2014—Women’s : Li Xuerui; Men’s : Jan O Jorgen Sen. All-England Open Badminton Championship (March 2014)— Men’s Singles : , Women’s Singles : Wang Shixian. Thomas Cup 2014 (May 2014, India)—Japan beat Malaysia in the final. Uber Cup 2014 (May 2014, India)—China beat Japan in the final. (2014)— defeated Saina Nehwal. 16 | G.K.

SOME IMPORTANT NATIONAL AWARDS Republic Day Honours Indian Government gives honour to the illustrious men in various fields on 26th January each year. Main honours are—, , and . In January 2013, 2 people were awarded Padma Vibhushan, 24 people were awarded Padma Bhushan and 101 people were awarded Padma Shree. Bharat Ratna—Bharat Ratna is the nation’s highest honour which is awarded for exceptional and distinguished services of a high order in any field i.e., art, literature, science and public service. The following are the recipients of the Bharat Ratna : Recipients of Bharat Ratna 1. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 1954 23. Nelson Mandela 1990 2. C. Rajagopalachari 1954 24. Morarji Desai 1991 3. C. V. Raman 1954 25. Rajiv Gandhi* 1991 4. Dr. Bhagwan Das 1955 26. Sardar V. B. Patel* 1991 5. Dr. M. Visveswaraiya 1955 27. M. Abul Kalam Azad* 1992 6. Jawahar Lal Nehru 1955 28. J.R.D. Tata 1992 7. Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 29. 1992 8. Dr. D. K. Karve 1958 30. Guljari Lal 1997 9. Dr. B. C. Roy 1961 31. * 1997 10. Purusottam Das Tondon 1961 32. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 1997 11. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 33. M.S. Subbalaxami 1998 12. Dr. 1963 34. C. S. Subramaniam 1998 35. Jai Prakash Narain* 1998 13. Dr. P.V. Kane 1963 36. Prof. Amartya Sen 1999 14. Lal Bahadur Shastri* 1966 37. Pt. 1999 15. Smt. Indira Gandhi 1971 38. Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 16. V. V. Giri 1975 39. 2001 17. K. Kamraj* 1976 40. 2001 18. Mother Teresa 1980 41. Pt. 2008 19. Acharya Vinoba Bhave* 1983 42. 2014 20. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan 1987 43. C.N.R. Rao 2014 21. M. G. Ramchandran* 1988 44. A. B. Vajpaiyee 2015 22. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar* 1990 45. Madan Mohan Malviya* 2015 *Posthumously Dada Sahib Phalke Award—Instituted in 1970 this award is given by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting to Indian Film Industry. The recipients are : 1. Mrs. Roerich 1969 5. Mrs. 1973 2. B. N. Sirkar 1970 6. B. N. Reddy 1974 3. Prithvi 1971 7. Dhiren Ganguly 1975 4. Pankaj Mallick 1972 8. Mrs. 1976 G.K. | 17

9. 1977 28. Shivaji Ganeshan 1996 10. R. C. Boral 1978 29. 1997 11. 1979 30. B. R. Chopra 1998 12. P. Jai Raj 1980 31. 1999 13. Ali 1981 32. Asha Bhonsle 2000 14. L. V. Prasad 1982 33. 2001 15. Mrs. 1983 34. Devanand 2002 16. Satyajit Ray 1984 35. 2003 17. V. Shantaram 1985 36. Adoor Gopalkrishnan 2004 18. V. Nagi Reddy 1986 37. Shyam Bengal 2005 19. Raj Kapoor 1987 38. 2006 20. 1988 39. 2007 21. Lata Mangeshkar 1989 40. V. K. Murthy 2008 22. A. Nageshwar Rao 1990 41. D. Ramanaidu 2009 23. 1991 42. K. Balachander 2010 24. 1992 43. Saumitra Chatterjee 2011 25. 1993 44. 2012 26. 1994 45. Sampooran Singh 27. Dr. Raj Kumar 1995 Kalra () 2013 Gallantry Awards 1. Param —The highest award for bravery for daring or pre-eminent act or valour or self- in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in air. The recipients of the highest gallantry award for 1999 were Capt. Vikram Batra (Posthumous), Lt. Pandey (Posthumous), Grenadier Yogender Singh Yadav and Rifleman Sanjay Kumar. 2. —It is the second highest decoration and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in air. Capt. Gurjinder Singh Suri of 12 Bihar Regiment was awarded Maha Vir Chakra in Aug. 2000. Sepoy Imli Akoom of 2nd Naga Regiment was adorned with this award on Oct. 20, 2000. 3. Vir Chakra—It is the third in order of awards given for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in air. From 1988 the Union Govt. has started awarding two more medals in the Category of Gallantry Awards— 4. Uttam Yudh Sewa Padak 5. Yudh Sewa Padak 18 | G.K.

6. Ashok Chakra—This medal is awarded for an act of most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice on land, at sea or in air but not in the presence of the enemy. It has three categories : I, II and III. 2nd category medal is called and 3rd category medal . On 26 January, 2015 Mukund Varadrajan was honoured with Ashok Chakra. Other National Awards Saraswati Samman—Field : For outstanding contribution to Literature in any language given in 8th Schedule. Institution—K.K. Birla Foundation. Amount— 10 Lakhs. Ist Award— (1991). 2012—Sugatha Kumari. 2013— (). B. C. Roy Awards (2005)—Eminent Medical Person : Dr. S. H. Advani (Mumbai); Dr. (New Delhi); Oration : Dr. K. Sasidharan (Manipal), Eminent Medical Teacher : Dr. T. P. Raghava Bharadwaj (Chennai), Dr. (Mrs.) P. Vijayalakshmi (Chennai); Dr. Pankaj M. Shah (Ahmedabad), Dr. Nikhil Tandon (N. Delhi), Dr. Anoop Misra (N. Delhi). Development of Specialities : Dr. Tejas M. Patel (Ahmedabad), Dr. N. K. Pandey (Faridabad), Dr. C. Palanivelu (), Dr. Subir K. Chatterjee. Socio Medical Relief : Dr. K. K. Agrawal, Dr. S. M. Balaji (Chennai), Dr. Vinay Agrawal (Delhi), Dr. N. S. Shekhawat (Jaipur). National Sports Awards 2014 (Presented in August 2014) Arjuna Awards 2014 (Prize Money 5 Lakhs)—Abhishek Verma (Archery), Tintu Luka (Athletics), H. N. Girisha (Para—Athletics), V. Diju (Badminton), Geetu Anna Jose (Basketball), Jai Bhagwan (Boxing), R. Ashwin★ (Cricket), Anirban Lahiri (Golf), Mamta Pujari (Kabaddi), Saji Thomas (Rowing), Heena Sidhu (Shooting), Anaka Alankamony (Squash), Tom Joseph (Volleyball), Renu Bala Chanu (Weightlifting), Sunil Kumar Rana (Wrestling). G.K. | 19

★ Not present on the occasion as he was in England with National Cricket Team. Awards 2014 (Prize Money 5 Lakhs)— Gurmail Singh (Hockey), K. P. Thakkar (Swimming, Diving), Zeeshan Ali (Tennis). Dronacharya Awards 2014 (Prize Money 5 Lakhs)— Mahabir Prasad (Wrestling), N. Lingappa (Athletics—Lifetime), G. Manoharan (Boxing—Lifetime), Gurcharan Singh Gogi (Judo—Lifetime), Jose Jacob (Rowing—Lifetime). Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar 2014—Employment of sportspersons and sports welfare measures—Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), Community Sports—identification and nurturing of budding/young talent—Jindal Steel Works (JSW), Establishment and Management of sports academies of excellence— Akhara, Delhi, Other forms of sports activities not covered in the four categories mentioned in the schemes—Magic Bus India Foundation. Tenzing Norgay Adventure Awards 2013—Subedar Jagat Singh (Land Adventure), Shri Passang Tenzing Sherpa (Land Adventure), MWO Surender Singh (Air Adventure), Wing Commander (Retd.) Amit Chowdhury (Lifetime Achievement). Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2013-14— , . Recipients of 11. G. Shankar Kurup 1965 13. K. Shiv Ram Karanth 1977 12. T. S. Bandopadhyaya 1966 14. H. S. Vatsayan ‘Ageya’ 1978 13. Uma Shankar Joshi 1967 15. B. K. Bhattacharya 1979 14. Sumitra Nandan Pant 1968 16. S. K. Pottekat 1980 15. R. S. 1969 17. Mrs. 1981 16. Vishwanath Satyanarayan 1970 18. Mrs. Mahadevi Verma 1982 17. Prishnu Roy 1971 19. M. V. Iyangar 1983 18. Ram Dhari Singh Dinkar 1972 20. T. S. Pillai 1984 19. Dr. D. R. Bendre and 21. Panna Lal Patel 1985 1973 22. Sachidanand Routroy 1986 10. V. S. Khandekar 1974 23. V. V. Shirvadkar 1987 11. P.V. Akilandam 1975 24. C. Narayana Reddy 1988 12. Mrs. Asha Purna Devi 1976 25. Qurtul-N-Haider 1989 20 | G.K.

26. Vinayak Krishan Gokak 1990 39. 2003 27. Subhash Mukhopadhyay 1991 40. Rahman Rahi 2004 28. 1992 41. 2005 29. Dr. 1993 30. U. R. Anantha Murthy 1994 42. Ravindra Kelkar 2006 31. M. T. Vasudevan Nair 1995 43. 2006 32. Smt. 1996 44. ONV Kurup 2007 33. Ali Sardar Jafari 1997 45. Ablag Khan Shaharyar 2008 34. 1998 46. 2009 35. and 47. Chandrashekhar Kambar 2010 Gurdayal Singh 1999 48. Dr. Pratibha Rai 2011 36. Indira Goswami 2000 49. Ravuri Bharadwaja 2012 37. Rajendra Keshav Lal Shah 2001 50. Kedarnath Singh 2013 38. D. 2002 51. 2014

Pulitzer Prizes (2014) For Journalism

Public Service—The Guardian US and The Washington Post for Coverage of the NSA, Breaking News Reporting—Staff of the Boston Globe, Investigative Reporting—Chris Hamby of The Centre for Public Integrity, Explanatory Reporting—Eli Saslow of The Washington Post, Local Reporting—Will Hobson and Michael Laforgina of Tampa Bay Times for their relentless, National Reporting—David Philipps of The Gazette Colorado Springs Co., International Reporting—Jason Szep and Andrew R. C. Marshall of Reuters for their courageaes reports on the violent persecutin of Rohingya Muslims, Feature Writing—No award, Commentary—Stephan Henderson of Detroit free Press, Criticism—Inga Saffron of The Philadelphia Inquirer, Editorial Writing—Editorial Staff of the oregonian, Editorial Cartooning—Kevin Siers of the Chariotte observer, Breaking News Photo- graphy—Tyler Hicks of the New York Times, Feature Photography—Josh Haner of the New York Times. For Letters, Drama and Music Fiction—The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt, Drama—The Flick by Annie Baker, History—The Internal Enemy Slavery and War in Virgina, Biography and Autobiography—Margaret Fuller, a New American Life, Poetry—3 Sections by Vijay Seshadri, General Non-fiction—Toms River A Story of Science and Salvation, Music—Become ocean by John Luther Adams. General Knowledge Current Affairs and Who's Who?

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