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Systems and Stakeholder Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia

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Systems and Stakeholder Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia Mining and Sustainability? Systems and Stakeholder Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 146 Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia Mining and Sustainability? Systems and Stakeholder Analyses Mateusz Pietrzela of Uranium Mining in Namibia Mateusz Pietrzela Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences Master Thesis E, in Sustainable Development, 30 credits Printed at Department of Earth Sciences, Master’s Thesis Geotryckeriet, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 2013. E, 30 credits Examensarbete i Hållbar Utveckling 146 Mining and Sustainability? Systems and Stakeholder Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia Mateusz Pietrzela Supervisor: Mikael Höök Evaluator: Kjell Aleklett Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................1 2. Background............................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Uranium mining.............................................................................................................................2 2.2 Namibia..........................................................................................................................................6 2.3 Uranium mining in Namibia - the context and current developments...........................................7 3. Methodology..........................................................................................................................................9 3.1 Systems and stakeholder analysis...................................................................................................9 3.2 Data collection................................................................................................................................9 3.3 Limitations......................................................................................................................................9 4. Systems analyses..................................................................................................................................11 4.1 Regulatory system for uranium mining in Namibia.....................................................................11 4.2 Uranium trade system ..................................................................................................................13 4.2.1 Economic factors in uranium mining..................................................................................13 4.2.2 Global uranium market overview........................................................................................15 4.2.3 Uranium trade system in Namibia.......................................................................................18 4.2.3.1 Mines...........................................................................................................................18 4.2.3.2 Production and contracts.............................................................................................20 4.2.3.3 Revenues and taxes.....................................................................................................21 4.3 Production system - resource flows..............................................................................................23 4.3.1 Inputs to the uranium production system in Namibia..........................................................24 4.3.1.1 Land use......................................................................................................................24 4.3.1.2 Energy.........................................................................................................................24 4.3.1.3 Water...........................................................................................................................25 4.3.1.4 Machinery, raw materials and chemicals....................................................................26 4.3.2 Outputs from the uranium production system in Namibia. ................................................27 4.3.2.1 Waste rock...................................................................................................................27 4.3.2.2 Tailings........................................................................................................................27 4.3.2.3 Non-mineral waste......................................................................................................28 4.3.2.4 Emissions to air...........................................................................................................29 4.3.2.5 Radiation.....................................................................................................................29 4.3.2.6 Noise and vibration.....................................................................................................30 5. Stakeholder analysis.............................................................................................................................31 5.1 Stakeholder identification and division........................................................................................31 5.1.1 Other Countries....................................................................................................................32 5.1.2 International Organisations..................................................................................................32 5.1.3 Stockholders .......................................................................................................................33 5.1.4 Media...................................................................................................................................33 5.1.5 The Government of Namibia...............................................................................................33 5.1.6 NGOs...................................................................................................................................34 5.1.7 Local farmers.......................................................................................................................34 5.1.8 Schools and universities......................................................................................................34 5.1.9 Environment........................................................................................................................34 5.1.10 Procurement companies.....................................................................................................35 5.1.11 Tourism industry................................................................................................................36 5.1.12 Future Generations.............................................................................................................36 5.1.13 Residents of local towns....................................................................................................37 5.1.14 Mine workers.....................................................................................................................37 6. Discussion............................................................................................................................................39 6.1 Uranium and sustainability?.........................................................................................................39 6.2 Governance and economy............................................................................................................40 6.3 Forces behind the developments in uranium mining....................................................................41 6.4 The way forward..........................................................................................................................42 7. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................43 8. Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................44 9. References............................................................................................................................................45 Appendix A - Online stakeholders survey and the results.......................................................................50 Mining and Sustainability? Systems and Stakeholder Analyses of Uranium Mining in Namibia MATEUSZ PIETRZELA Pietrzela M., 2013: Mining and sustainability? Systems and stakeholder analyses of uranium mining in Namibia. Master thesis in Sustainable Development at Uppsala University, 2013, 51 pp, 30 ECTS/hp Abstract: Roughly 10% of the Namibian GDP and over 40% of total exports are dependent on the mining sector. Namibia is one of the five leading uranium producing countries worldwide with perspectives to triple the production in the following years. This study aims to identify the implications to sustainable development of the country carried by such a strategy to stimulate the economic growth. The complexity of the issue is addressed by an interdisciplinary set of methods leading to a better understanding of processes linking uranium mining in Namibia with the environment, society and the global economy. Regulatory, trade and production systems are outlined and assessed, after which a stakeholder analysis is conducted in order to determine who are the most influential actors as well as parties affected by the uranium production in Namibia. The results reveal a great dependence of the Namibian
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