How Members of the Human Gut Microbiota Overcome the Sulfation Problem Posed by Glycosaminoglycans
How members of the human gut microbiota overcome the sulfation problem posed by glycosaminoglycans Alan Cartmella,1, Elisabeth C. Lowea,1, Arnaud Basléa, Susan J. Firbanka, Didier A. Ndeha, Heath Murraya, Nicolas Terraponb, Vincent Lombardb, Bernard Henrissatb,c,d, Jeremy E. Turnbulle, Mirjam Czjzekf,g, Harry J. Gilberta, and David N. Bolama,2 aInstitute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; bArchitecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288 Marseille, France; cInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, F-13288 Marseille, France; dDepartment of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; eCentre for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom; fSorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Université Paris 06, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France; and gCNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France Edited by Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved May 23, 2017 (received for review March 17, 2017) The human microbiota, which plays an important role in health and by the CM. HS is a major component of the extracellular matrix of disease, uses complex carbohydrates as a major source of nutrients. mammalian cells and therefore, likely to be available to the gut Utilization hierarchy indicates that the host glycosaminoglycans microbiota via turnover of epithelial cells, whereas Hep is released heparin (Hep) and heparan sulfate (HS) are high-priority carbohy- from mast cells at sites of injury and therefore, may not be as drates for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent member of the prevalent as HS in the gut (10, 11).
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