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Mfrench Covers V4.Qxd GUIDE DE L’ENSEIGNANT POUR DVD INTERACTIF D’ENSEIGNEMENT DROIT D’AUTEUR Dédié aux futurs infirmières et infirmiers Producteur pour l’Office national du film : BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : drogues, Svend-Erik Eriksen BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : drogues, toxicomanes et toxicomanes et soins infirmiers est Productrice exécutive pour l’Office national du film : soins infirmiers est un DVD interactif ainsi qu’un offert sous la protection restreinte du Rina Fraticelli droit d’auteur. Vous pouvez guide conçus pour enseigner aux étudiantes infir- télécharger, distribuer, photocopier, mières et aux infirmières qui veulent acquérir une Directrice de production, superviseure à la post production : Betsy Carson citer ce document ou des extraits du meilleure connaissance des soins infirmiers à document tant que la provenance est prodiguer aux personnes qui consomment des Design, animation, matriçage du DVD : correctement et intégralement spéci- drogues. BISEAU VERS LE HAUT a été produit par le Ian Kirby, Caleb Bouchard fiée et tant que ce n’est pas à des fins commerciales. Tout autre usage Street Nurse Program du Centre d'épidémiologie de Son : Jeff Henschel, Jon Ritchie, exige une autorisation du Street Colombie-Britannique (British Columbia Centre for Kirk Tougas Nurse Program du BC Centre for Disease Control) et l’Office national du film du Sous-titre français : Sette Inc., Laval Dumont Disease Control (BCCDC). Pour plus Canada en collaboration avec Canada Wild d’information, veuillez contacter le Productions, à Vancouver en Colombie-Britannique. GUIDE DE L’ENSEIGNANT Street Nurse Program du BCCDC à Rédaction : Neil Andersen, Alicia Priest, Laurie l’adresse au bas de la page. Ce projet a reçu une aide financière de Santé Seymour et l’équipe du projet Street Nurse Program Street Nurse Program Canada, de l’Office national du film du Canada et British Columbia Centre for de la British Columbia Nurses Union. Résision : Philip Moscovitch Disease Control Design graphique/mise en page : Fiona Gamiet Téléphone : 604 660 9695 Ce projet a été rendu possible grâce à la contribu- Traduction française : Maryvon Delanoë Télécopieur : 604 660 1818 tion et au généreux soutien de nombreux membres Courriel : [email protected] de la communauté et de personnes travaillant dans Impression : Hemlock Printers Site Web : www.nfb.ca./bevelup les domaines de la toxicomanie, des politiques en Photos Bibliothèque nationale du Canada matière de drogues et des soins infirmiers. Vous Première et quatrième de couverture : Nettie Wild ISBN 978-0-9782660-1-1 trouverez une liste complète des personnes ayant Images choisies de BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : contribué au projet à la page 100 pour les remer- Nettie Wild ciements et à la page 91 pour leurs biographies. POUR COMMANDER BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : DROGUES, BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : DROGUES, TOXICOMANES TOXICOMANES ET SOINS INFIRMIERS ET SOINS INFIRMIERS Coordinatrice du projet : Fiona Gold Code de titre : 153C9907229 Équipe du projet Street Nurse Program : Caroline Office national du film du Canada Brunt, Liz James, Elaine Jones, Janine Stevenson Au Canada, numéro sans frais : 1 800 267 7710 Concept original : Caroline Brunt Aux États-Unis, numéro sans frais : 1 800 542 2164 DVD International : 514 283 2703 Réalisation : Nettie Wild Courriel : [email protected] Montage : Michael Brockington Visitez www.nfb.ca Directeur de la photographie : Kirk Tougas Site Web : www.nfb.ca/bevelup Productrices pour le Street Nurse Program : Fiona Gold, Juanita Maginley Productrices pour Canada Wild Productions : Betsy Carson, Nettie Wild BISEAU VERS LE HAUT TABLE DES MATIÈRES INTRODUCTION 2 CHAPITRE 3 : LINDA 37 Réflexions sur la pratique STRUCTURE DU DVD 4 Communication thérapeutique (1:17) 39 +Sujets VUE D’ENSEMBLE DES ÉCRANS DU DVD 5 Cerveau et drogues (15:51) 40 Santé mentale et drogues (7:49) 42 LE GUIDE DE L’ENSEIGNANT 6 Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 CHAPITRE 4 : BECKY ET LIZ 43 CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION 7 Réflexions sur la pratique Réflexions sur la pratique Accès aux soins de santé (3:33) 47 Impressions (3:07) 11 Éthique et pratique (4:11) 49 Pourquoi aller dans la rue? (1:45) 13 Grossesse et drogues (1:54) 51 CHAPITRE 8 : CONCLUSION 82 Solutions divergentes (2:04) 52 +Sujets Réflexions sur la pratique Au-delà des villes (10:21) 15 +Sujets De novice à expert (5:16) 84 Prohibition (7:11) 17 Hôpitaux et soins intensifs (9:25) 53 +Sujets Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 Grossesse et drogues (7:21) 55 Les infirmières qui consomment (4:10) 86 Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 Les infirmières de rue, un levier 87 CHAPITRE 2 : WHEELS ET BARRY 25 de changement (6:19) CHAPITRE 5 : JEUNES DE LA RUE 57 Réflexions sur la pratique Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 Les gens en contexte (1:19) 28 Réflexions sur la pratique Stratégies de soins infirmiers dans 29 Enracinement (1:15) 62 la rue – Sécurité (2:12) Réduction des méfaits (3:14) 64 +SUJETS ADDITIONNELS Stratégies de soins infirmiers dans 30 Sexe, drogues et genre (9:46) 88 +Sujets la rue – Établir des relations (1:52) Pairs et aidants naturels (9:24) 89 Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 Frontières (2:19) 32 +Sujets ANNEXES CHAPITRE 6 : LEE 66 Autochtones et drogues (6:23) 34 A. Glossaire des termes de la rue 90 Ensemble des troubles causés par 35 Réflexions sur la pratique B. Biographies 91 l'alcoolisation fœtale (7:38) Industrie du sexe et santé (3:17) 69 C. Références et Ressources 95 Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 +Sujets Industrie du sexe et drogues (10:08) 71 REMERCIEMENTS 100 Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 CHAPITRE 7 : LONG TRAN 75 Réflexions sur la pratique Communication thérapeutique (1:35) 78 Accès aux soins de santé (1:02) 78 Injections supervisées (1:58) 80 +Sujets Drogues 101 (34:58) 21 BISEAU VERS LE HAUT GUIDE DE L’ENSEIGNANT • 1 BISEAU VERS LE HAUT INTRODUCTION RÉDUCTION DES MÉFAITS Bienvenue à BISEAU VERS LE HAUT : drogues, toxicomanes et soins Au début du 20e siècle, la Grande- infirmiers. BISEAU VERS LE HAUT doit son existence à la réalisation qu’un Bretagne et les États-Unis ont connu une vague d’héroïnomanie. En 1914, besoin de santé publique d’importance critique était négligé. Le DVD a été les États-Unis ont adopté la Loi Harrison, qui interdisait la vente et la conçu à l’intention des étudiantes infirmières et des infirmières qui souhai- consommation des opiacés. (Il est tent s’informer sur les soins aux personnes qui consomment des drogues important de noter que les « toxico- manes » n’étaient pas considérés ou améliorer leurs compétences en soins infirmiers. Ce dossier éducatif est comme des « patients » en Amérique, et que l’application de la Loi Harrison l’œuvre du Street Nurse Program du Centre d'épidémiologie de Colombie- interdisait donc aux médecins de Britannique (British Columbia Centre for Disease Control – BCCDC), avec traiter les personnes qui consom- maient des drogues avec des traite- l’aide de Canada Wild Productions et de l’Office national du film du Canada, ments de maintien pour la dépendance à Vancouver, Colombie-Britannique. aux opiacés.) En 1920, la Grande-Bretagne en a fait de même, adoptant la Dangerous Depuis longtemps les infirmières fournissent des intensifs hospitaliers que lorsqu’elles sont extrême- Drugs Act. Tout comme la Loi Harrison, elle était conçue pour contrôler l’usage services de santé remarquables partout au Canada, ment malades, ce qui ajoute un fardeau supplé- très répandu des opiacés. En 1926, le que ce soit dans les immenses étendues de la loin- mentaire aux services de soins de santé déjà sur- ministère de la Santé britannique a taine région arctique ou aux services des urgences chargés. (Wood, Kerr, Spittal et al. 2003) Un nom- nommé la Commission Rolleston, dans les hôpitaux urbains. Travaillant dans toutes bre toujours croissant de professionnels de la santé présidée par Sir Humphrey Rolleston, sortes de milieux, les infirmières ont toujours qui devait décider si les médecins en s’inquiètent du fait que les modèles traditionnels Grande-Bretagne pourraient avoir le soigné, directement ou indirectement, les person- de soins ne répondent pas aux besoins des popula- droit de prescrire des doses d’héroïne nes qui consomment des drogues et de l’alcool. tions de consommateurs de drogues. (Broadhead, de maintien aux personnes qui utili- Heckathorn, Weakliem et al. 1998) saient des opiacés. La Commission Le Street Nurse Program a comme mandat provin- envoya le Dr Harry Campbell aux États- cial d’établir un environnement dans lequel les per- Tous les Canadiens sont vulnérables si les services Unis pour observer comment fonction- sonnes et les communautés peuvent faire des de soins de santé ne répondent pas aux besoins nait la Loi Harrison. Le médecin britan- choix plus sains et durables qui diminuent leur vul- des personnes qui consomment des drogues. La nique rapporta que les lois américaines et la rigoureuse poursuite judiciaire nérabilité aux infections transmissibles sexuelle- transmission de pathogènes à diffusion des utilisateurs et des trafiquants ment (ITS) et au VIH. Le programme dispense des hématogène causée par le partage de seringues et avaient repoussé la drogue au fin fond services de prévention des ITS et du VIH aux per- les pratiques sexuelles à risque a de sérieuses réper- du marché noir. Les toxicomanes aux sonnes qui ne font pas appel aux soins de santé cussions sur la personne, la communauté, les opiacés, ayant à payer l’héroïne à des prix exorbitants, se démenaient dans conventionnels. Les services de soins infirmiers dépenses fiscales et la santé publique. (Kerr, la pauvreté et souffraient de mauvaise offerts englobent les soins cliniques, l’éducation et O’Briain, 2002) De meilleurs soins de santé com- santé et de misère abjecte. La la formation, l’élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de munautaire prodigués aux populations de consom- Commission recommanda donc que la projets, la recherche et l’action revendicatrice.
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