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Windy Shingle Project Area Windy Shingle Windy Shingle Project Area Forest Health Protection, Coeur d’Alene Field Office CFO-TR-16-016 FHP Personnel Present: Christy Cleaver, Plant Pathologist, 208-765-7343; Lee Pederson, Forest Entomologist, 208-765-7430 Agency/Unit: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nez Perce - Clearwater National Forest, Salmon River Ranger District Local Contact: Joan Brown, Zone Silviculturist, Salmon River Ranger District, 208-983-4016 Others Present: Susan Harries, Forester, Salmon River Ranger District, 208-983-4067 Keywords: Ambrosia beetle, Armillaria, Douglas-fir beetle, dwarf mistletoe, elytroderma needle cast, fir engraver beetle, western gall Rust, mountain pine beetle, pine engraver beetle, red turpentine beetle, root disease, western pine beetle, Windy Shingle project area, wood borers Trip Date: August 1-5, 2016 Windy Shingle Project Location: West of Riggins Idaho, Nez Perce - Clearwater National Forest, on the west side of the Salmon River Ranger District referred to as “the island.” The project is within the Riggins-West area, which is designated as part of the Agriculture Act (Farm Bill) of 2014, Title VIII Section 8204. The area “includes tributaries to the Little Salmon River including the un-named creeks adjacent to Forest Development Roads (FDR) #487 and #517, Rough Creek, Shingle Creek, and several small named and un-named tributaries to the South and including Indian Creek” (Godfrey 2016). All proposed project units fall within the bounds of the Windy Shingle project area. Size (acres): The Windy Shingle project area is over 23,000 acres. Total acres to be treated within the project area will not exceed 3,000 acres. Primary Forest/Cover Type(s) by decreasing prevalence: grand fir, Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, western larch, ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, subalpine fir Project Objectives: Forest Health Protection was requested to confirm current risk of mortality from insect and disease agents within the Windy Shingle Project Area. Project objectives and background were provided by Joan from Godfrey (2016): The project is to be developed to address forest health and hazardous fuel concerns in the project area. Based on observed existing conditions, as well as other supporting information (e.g. annual insect and disease aerial detection surveys, national insect and disease risk maps, community wildfire protection plan, input from local community members), there is a need to: - Reduce the risk or extent of, or increase resilience to, insect or disease infestation; - Reduce wildfire risk to the local communities and surrounding federal lands. Vegetation management will be used to trend the project area towards desired future conditions. Treatments will be a combination of intermediate harvests that include commercial thinning and overstory removal, and regeneration harvest methods of clearcuts with reserves and shelterwood. Prescribed burning without timber harvesting will also be used to manage vegetation and reduce fuels. Project Background and 2014 Farm Bill: The project area is within the Riggins-West area designated in accordance with the Agriculture Act (Farm Bill) of 2014 Title VIII Section 8204 and the proposed treatments will be developed under these authorities. This area that was proposed for designation by Governor Butch Otter on March 31, 2014, is: 1. “Experiencing declining forest health, based on annual forest health surveys conducted by the Secretary; 2. At risk of experiencing substantially increased tree mortality over the next 15 years due to insect or disease infestation based on the most recent National Insect and Disease Risk Map published by the Forest Service; or 3. In an area in which the risk of hazard trees poses an imminent risk to public infrastructure, health or safety.” The Windy Shingle project Purpose and Need has been specifically developed to be consistent with the Agriculture Act of 2014 Section 8204 that amended Title VI of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA) (16 U.S.C. 6591 et seq.) to add Sections 602 and 603. Section 603 establishes a categorical exclusion for qualifying insect and disease projects in designated areas on National Forest System lands. An insect and disease project that may be categorically excluded under this authority is a project that is designed to reduce the risk or extent of, or increase the resilience to, insect or disease infestation in the areas (HFRA Sections 602(d) and 603(a)). These actions can be excluded from documentation in an Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement. These are routine projects that we have conducted for decades and they do not, under typical circumstances, have significant impacts on the environment. Primary Damage Agents Observed – Tree Species Affected: 1) Western larch dwarf mistletoe (Aceuthobium campylopodum) – western larch 2) Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) – Douglas-fir 3) Armillaria root disease (Armillaria sp.) – Douglas-fir 4) Fir broom rust (Melampsorella caryophyllacearum) – grand fir 5) Western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii) – ponderosa pine 6) Elytroderma needle cast (Elytroderma deformans) – ponderosa pine 7) Western pine beetle (WPB) (Dendroctonus brevicomis) – ponderosa pine 8) Mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) – ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine 9) Red turpentine beetle (RTB) (Dendroctonus valens) – ponderosa pine 10) Wood borers (Cermabycidae and Buprestidae) – across all observed conifers 11) Ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae and/or Platypodinae) – grand fir, Douglas-fir 12) Fir engraver beetle (Scolytus ventralis) – grand fir 13) Pine engraver beetle (Ips pini) – ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine 2 Observations: Dwarf Mistletoe Dwarf mistletoe was widespread throughout the portion of the project area we observed, but ranged in severity between proposed units. We observed some western larch dwarf mistletoe (Figure 1, left) in proposed unit 5, ranging from moderate to high severity (dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR) = 3-4) (Hawksworth 1977). Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe occurred within multiple proposed units of the project area (we observed it in proposed units 4, 5, and 6D) with severity ranging from low to severe levels (DMR = 0 to 6), but most were DMR = 5 and 6 (Hawksworth 1977) (Figure 1, center and right). Some stands, particularly in proposed unit 6, were cut previously, but dwarf mistletoe-infected Douglas-fir were left (Figure 1, right). Figure 1. Severe dwarf mistletoe infections in western larch (left) and Douglas-fir (center and right). Root Disease Root disease was likely more extensive in the proposed units than what we were able to observe. In proposed unit 4, mycelial fans of Armillaria root disease were observed in a dead Douglas-fir and the stringy, somewhat laminate decay of Armillaria was detected in a nearby Douglas-fir tip-up. Some trees, observed from a distance, displayed thin crowns possibly due to root disease. Since our observations were limited to areas close to roads and we did not view every proposed unit, we have included an analysis of root disease hazard using VMAP spatial data (see page 9) to aid in management decisions. Insects Current and recent insect activity Current ground-assessed insect conditions across the northwest portion of the project area consist of scattered, single tree and pockets of dead and dying mixed conifers by a host of native bark beetles and wood borers as described in “agents observed.” No current or recent defoliator activity was detected. Recent grand fir mortality from the fir engraver beetle was quite noticeable throughout. Under normal moisture conditions, fir engraver activity is frequently associated with trees weakened by root disease. However, dry conditions will also produce stress and weakness in grand fir to render them susceptible to fir engraver beetle attack. Recent moisture deficiencies in northern Idaho, especially in 2015, likely 3 attributed to the increased fir engraver beetle-caused mortality seen across the Windy Shingle project area this year. Preliminary aerial detection survey findings for this year show polygons of mountain pine beetle infestation from the west side of the Squaw Creek drainage down to the vicinity of the Seven Devils Guard Station and west side of the South Shingle Creek drainage (Figure 2). Most of these polygons are within the project boundary and are in close proximity to the proposed project units. Two proposed project units, 6A and 10A, have 12 and 23 acres respectively, of recorded group and scattered mountain pine beetle-caused mortality. A Google Earth Pro image dated 30 July of this year supports these findings, and reveals and even wider range of infestation across the upper slopes of the project area drainages. In proposed project unit five, 10 acres in the northern portion of the unit falls within a polygon of Douglas-fir beetle scattered mortality. Using Google Earth Pro, several more pockets of mortality were observed in the central and western portion of proposed project unit 5. Figure 2. Preliminary 2016 ADS bark beetle detection, northwest portion of the Windy Shingle project area. Yellow indicates proposed unit boundaries, blue indicates mountain pine beetle, and red indicates Douglas-fir beetle. 4 In 2015, aerial detection survey maps only show several small pockets of mostly Douglas-fir and fir engraver beetle mortality in the Shingle Creek, South Fork of the Shingle Creek and Papoose Creek drainages, and drainages east of White Bird Ridge. However, just to the northwest and slightly outside of the project area in the Rough Creek drainage towards Bald Mountain, nearly a quarter section is shown to be infested with mountain pine beetle. The polygon recorded by ADS indicates approximately 30 dead trees per acre. Aerial detection survey years 2013 and 2014 show more notable insect pest activity with larger polygons containing higher numbers of dead trees. Douglas-fir beetle impacts dominated landscapes within the project area in 2013, while overall insect activity somewhat diminished in 2014. The 2014 map showed more impacts to grand fir with some subalpine fir mortality. About a quarter section of subalpine fir mortality was recorded on the west end of Shingle Creek, although numbers were low at three dead trees per acre.
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